ernesto terríquez sámano - sobre las fundaciones de colima

8/14/2019 Ernesto Terríquez Sámano - Sobre las fundaciones de Colima

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Sflnsei Ozqbîh Hntn

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Nljs~zæbihi| n j|i| eilzbjhui|(

>( Ujwui| lisuj|fnhi|

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Gnsæ ln|i ibf|i ej ì| nhujljejhuj| ej `n lih~zf|un ej Li`fbn(\ih unh lihilfei| v |j gnh sj{jufei unhui ~zj sj|zùnsânh ej zhnictfjene fhhjlj|nsfn(

7




Bj ljhusnsæ jhuihlj|, jh n~zj`ì| dsnobjhui| v jh n~zj``n| `âhjn| ~zj j|uîh sj`nlfihnei| ej bnhjsn âhufbn lih `n {sfbfuftndzhenlfüh ej `n tf``n ej Li`fbn(

@n {sfbjsn bjhlfüh |icsj j` ujâhn, n{nsjlj jh `n Lznsun Lnsun

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Jh `n ^zfhun Lnsun ej Sj`nlfüh, djlgnen j` < ej |j{ufjbcsj ej>:34, Lisuæ| j|lsfcj n` Sjv1

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Jshj|uiUjssâ~zjq \îblbi

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Uien| `n| bjhlfihj| nhujsfisj| ej Lisuæ| n `n tf``n ej Li`fbn,ncnslnh ì| nþi| ej >:35 n >:3?, jwlj{ui `n ñùfbn ~zj j| ej >:<6,jh uien| j``n| hi gnv sjdjsjhlfn| i lih|unhlfn| ~zj hi| {jsbfunhzcflns lih jwnlufuze j` n|fjhui isfofhn` ej `n tf``n v bzlgi bjhi||f j|un dzj lnbcfnen ej `zons, libi bî| nej`nhuj |j nhn`fqnsî(

3( ¬> {sfbjs n|jhunbfjhui ej `n tf``n ej Li`fbn

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3 : J` hibcsj lissjlui j| Aznh Szfq, |joñh n{nsjlj jh `n tjs|füh ej \nsncfn1 Lnèjsüh ^zfanhi '> 6 ? 6 & , 45= j| j` bf|bi ~zj |j sjof|usn jh j` Efllfihnsfi nzuicfi"

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>7




<( #[is `n {sj|jhuj |j ej{i|fun jh ti|, Cjhfui On``joi, tjlfhiej Li`fbn, j` \jþis v hnuzsn`j| ej` {zjcì ej Nlnufu `îh <4 v lnen

n zhi ej eflgn {sitfhlfn ej ]LâI`fbiu`, {nsn ~zj i| |fstîf|# '><ej noi|ui, >:35&(<?

5( #[is `n {sj|jhuj |j ej{i|fun jh ti|, B fh < 7 Afbæhjq, tjlfhiej `n Tf``n ej Li`fbnh, j` \jþis v hnuzsn`j| ej Uj{jznlîh, ~zj

]j|R jh `n {sitfhlfn ej Nznzu`îh#<6 '>> ej eflfjbcsj, >:3<&(5;

:( #[is `n {sj|jhuj |j ej{i|fun jh ti|, ]AznhR Cnuf|un 5> ej Sî{nì, tjlfhi ej `n Tf``n ej Li`fbn, j` \jþis v hnuzsn`j| ej` {zjcì ej Ujli`n{n ~zj j|uî jh `n {sitfhlfn ej Li`fbn//53 '>> ej eflfjbcsj, >:3<&(5<

4( #[is `n {sj|jhuj |j ej{i|fun jh ti|, B fh55

Bihaj, tjlfhi ej`n tf``n ej Li`fbn, j` \jþis v hnuzsn`j| ej` {zjcì ej ^zjvnu`îh,~zj j| jh `n {sitfhlfn ej Uj{jufunhoi# '>> ej eflfjbcsj,>:3<&(5:

?( #[is `n {sj|jhuj |j ej{i|fun jh ti|, Oübjq Ozufæssjq, tjlfhi ej `n Tf``n ej Li`fbn, j` \jþis v hnuzsn`j| ej` {zjcì ejNlnuf{îh 54

jh `n {sitfhlfn ej` ]LRI`fbie# '>> ej eflfjbcsj,>:3<&( 5?

Ej` nhî`f|f| ej `n| læez`n| nhujsfisj| |zsoj zhn hzjtn lzj|ufüh,ej |fhoz`ns usn|ljhejhlfn j fb{isunhlfn(

Jh ì| eilzbjhui| {i|ujsfisj| n `n lih~zf|un, jw{jefei| jh ì|nþi| ej >:3<, >:35 v >:3:, gncân zhn efdjsjhlfnlfüh nc|i`zun v

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\nsncfn `jj1 #Lflnuf{nh v Ntn`ntu#1 Lnèjsüh ^zfanhi '>6?6&, 56(< ? @jcsüh ej ^zfþihj| '>6 77&, :7( \zcsnvnei bâi(< 7 \nsncfn ej|nun `n ncsjtfnuzsn v `jj1 #Bnsuâh#1 Lnèjsüh ^zfanhi '>6?6&, :;(< 6 Jh `n tjs|füh ej \nsncfn, ì| hibcsj| ej j|ui| {zjcì| |ih #Ujvjzlnh# v #Lf"oznu`nh#, sj|{jluftnbjhuj1 Lnèjsüh ^zfanhi '>6?6 &, :;(5 4 @jcsüh ej ^zfþihj| ' > 6 7 7 & , :6( \zcsnvnei bâi(5 > Jh `n tjs|füh ej \nsncfn, |j `jj1 #Cnzuf|un#1 Lnèjsüh ^zfanhi '>6?6&, : > ( \fhjbcnsoi, unbcfæh ì sjof|usn libi #Cnuf|un#, Nbnvn Ui{juj '>6?4&, FF , >3 v >7(5 3 \nsncfn ` jj1 #Ujli`n{nh ~zj j| jh `n {sitfhlfn ej Li`fbiu`#1 Lnèjsüh ^zfanhiâ >6?6& ( : > (5 < @jcsüh ej ^zfþihj| '> 6 7 7 & , :6( \zcsnvnei bâi(5 5 \nsncfn ej|nun `n ncsjtfnuzsn v `jj1 #Bnsuâh#1 Lnèjsüh ^zfanhi '>6?6&, :<(5 : @jcsüh ej ^zfþihj| '> 6 7 7 & ( 4 >( \zcsnvnei bâi(5 4 Jh `n tjs|füh ej \nsncfn, |j `jj1 #Lflnuf{nh#1 Lnèjsüh ^zfanhi '>6?6&( :?(5 ? @jcsüh ej ^zfþihj| '> 6 7 7 & , 44"4?( \zcsnvnei bâi(

>6




bjsfefnhn jhusj `n| nhufozn| {sitfhlfn| fheâojhn|( Zhn jsn `n {sitfhlfn ej Li`fbnh v `n| iusn|, `n| ej Li`fbiu`, Uj{jufunufoi, Biuâhv Ntznu`nh i Lfgznu`îh, jsnh efdjsjhuj|( Unbcfæh ej n~zâ |zsojzhn lzj|ufüh n|nq fhujsj|nhuj ~zj nhn`fqnsjbi| jh ejun``j bî|nej`nhuj( @n {sfbjsn jsn, jtfejhujbjhuj, |joñh |j ej|{sjhej ejuiei| ì| eilzbjhui| j|uzefnei|, `n sjofüh jh eihej |j n|jhuncn `ntf``n ej Li`fbn( Lnwfu`îh j|uncn zcflnei jh `n sjofüh ojiosîdfln ej`n nhufozn {sitfhlfn fheâojhn ej Li`fbnh, ej ngâ |j fhdfjsj ~zjlibcfhnhei ì n|jtjsnei {is @jcsüh ej ^zfþihj|, lih j` jb{`nqnbfjhui ej Lnwfu`îh, {sfbfufti n|fjhui ej `n tf``n ej Li`fbn jhj|j nhufozi {ic`nei fheâojhn, ufjhj osnhej| ei|f| ej tjsi|fbf`fuze(

Ej n~zâ unbcfæh |zsoj, ej bnhjsn j|{ihuîhjn, `n |fozfjhuj fhuj

ssionhuj1 ¹{is ~zæ Lnwfu`îh |j ej|{ic`ü {j|j n |js j` `zons eihej,{is `n| jtfejhlfn| jwnbfhnen|, {sicnc`jbjhuj, |j dzheü `n {sfbfojhfn tf``n ej Li`fbn9

J| jtfejhuj ~zj, ej` jwnbjh ej` eilzbjhui ej @jcsüh, |j ej|{sjhejh ei| sj|{zj|un| efdjsjhuj|( @n {sfbjsn |j sjdfjsj n zh {i|fc`j ej|{ic`nbfjhui fheâojhn v |z nhjwfüh ~zfqî usnh|fuisfn n Uj"libîh, @n |jozhen |j sjdfjsj n` ncnheihi ej `n tf``n {is ì| j|{nþi`j|( @n| sj|{zj|un| {zjejh |js bñùf{`j|(

@jcsüh, `n tiq bî| nzuisfqnen {nsn j`ì ―sjlisejbi| ~zj jajlzun |z tf|fun n{jhn| <; nþi| ej|{zæ| ej `n lih~zf|un―, ndfsbn1

v jh j|uj |fufi j|uztfjsih {ic`nei| ei| nþi|, {ili bî| i bjhi| v zjoi |j ej|{ic`nsih ej j|uj {zhui v |j dzjsih n` ~zj nluzn`bjhuj ufjhjh, ~zj jsn j` |fufi eihej |i`ân j|uns {ic`nei j` {zjcì ej Uz|{n( 57

@n| snqihj| j|jhlfn`j| {nsn j` lnbcfi `n| n{zhun j` {si{fi @jcsüh {iln| `âhjn| ej|{zæ|1

{n|îsih|j n j|uj |fufi, {is j|uns bî| ljsln ej `n| bfhn| ej` isi v |jsbjais ~zj j` {sfbjsi v ujhjs bjaisj| ufjssn| v jafei|( 56

J|uj lnbcfi j| j` ~zj ojhjsü lihusitjs|fn| {is `nsoi ufjb{ijhusj ì| gf|uisfneisj| li`fbjh|j|( Bzlgi| lihdzhefjsih hibcsj,

@jcsüh ej ^zfþihj| '> 6 7 7 & , ?4( \zcsnvnei bâi( @n tjs|füh ej \nsncfn ufjhjtnsfnhuj|1 #|j ej|{ic`nsih ej|uj n|fjhui v |j dzjsih n` ~zj n` {sj|jhuj ufjhjh#1Lnèjsüh ^zfanhi '> 6 ? 6 & , 46 (5 6 @jcsüh ej ^zfþihj| '>677&, ?4( \zcsnvnei bâi(

3;




`zons v nþi ej `n dzhenlfüh, gnlfjhei zhn lihdz|n bjql`n ej enui|~zj ezsnhuj bzlgi ufjb{i jhbn|lnsü `n tjsene |icsj `n| ei| dzhenlfihj| ej `n tf``n ej Li`fbn(

5( Li`fbn v `n Bnusâlz`n ej usfczui|

QUwnbfhjbi| ngisn, zhn lzj|ufüh ej |fhoz`ns fb{isunhlfn( ®@n|{sitfhlfn| ej Li`fbnh v Li`fbiu`, jh ì| {sfbjsi| nþi| {i|ujsfisj| n un lih~zf|un v dzhenlfüh ej `n tf``n ej Li`fbn, jsnh jhufenej|

efdjsjhuj|. [nsn zhn bjais lib{sjh|füh ej `n zcflnlfüh ujssfuisfnèj `n {sitfhlfn ej Li`fbnh v ej `n {sitfhlfn ej Li`fbiu`, j| hjlj|nsfi j|unc`jljs nòzhi| {nsîbjusi| v j|l`nsjljs nòzhi| gjlgi|([nsn j`ì |jsî hjlj|nsfi jwnbfhns j` isfojh v j` |fohfdflnei ej` tilncì Li`fbnh, |z fejiosnbn v ejujsbfhns `n zcflnlfüh ojiosîdflnej` ujssfuisfi eihej |j n|jhuncn(

[is ej|lihilfbfjhui, j` j|lzei gjsîèfli biejshi ej` j|uneiej Li`fbn |j ef|jþü lih cn|j jh j` fejiosnbn lihujhfei jh j` Lü

eflj Bjheilfhi, ~zj j| zhn li{fn ej` isfofhn` eilzbjhui fheâojhn, lihilfei libi `n Bnusâlz`n ej usfczui|( N~zj` ejcj |z hibcsjn` tfssjv ej Bjheiqn ~zj ef|{z|i |z usnh|lsf{lfüh, jh `n |jozhen{nsuj ej` lüeflj ~zj giv ``jtn |z hibcsj( Jh lnbcfi, `n Bnusâlz`n

ej usfczui| hzhln dzj zh ujwui ej dîlf` nllj|i, `n| efdjsjhuj| {zc`flnlfihj| dzjsih ln|f uien| ejdflfjhuj|( @n {jhñùfbn jeflfüh dnl"|fbf`ns |j gfqi jh >647, lih |jsfn| ejdflfjhlfn|, v {nsn jhuihlj| vn|j gncân j`ncisnei j` ef|jþi ej` j|lzei biejshi ej` j|unei ejLi`fbn( Nejbî| ej nòzhi| lnbcfi| disbn`j| ~zj hi nùjsnh |z|"unhlfn`bjhuj `n `jluzsn ej` eilzbjhui, jh j` Lüeflj Bjheilfhi |jlnbcfü `n isfjhunlfüh isfofhn` ~zj ufjhj j` {fluiosnbn ej #Li``v"bnh# jh `n Bnusâlz`n ej usfczui|( J|un n{nsjhuj efdjsjhlfn disbn`~zj {zjej {nsjljs fhusn|ljhejhuj, ufjhj zhn jhisbj v ln{fun` fb{isunhlfn( Tjnbi| {is~zæ(

Jh ì| libjhunsfi|, {n`jiosndân v tjs|füh ej `n Bnusâlz`n ej

usfczui|, sjn`fqnen {is Tâluis B( Ln|uf`ì Dnssjsn|, |j hi| enh n`

ozhn| hiuflfn| |icsj j|uj fb{isunhuj eilzbjhui fheâojhn ~zj |fstfü ej dzjhuj {nsn `n j`ncisnlfüh ej` ``nbnei Lüeflj Bjheilfhi(

3>




@n jeflfüh dnl|fbf`ns nhujsfis n `n ~zj n~zâ lfui ―libi vn |jefai―, |j {zc`flü jh Bæwfli, jh >647( \joñh Ln|uf`ì Dnssjsn|,

J|, |fh jbcnsoi, fhnejlznen, |icsj uiei {is |z| hiun| i libjhunsfi|,~zj |j cn|nsih ojhjsn`bjhuj jh ì| ej @isjhqnhn v ej` Lüeflj Bjheilfhi, |j bn`fhujs{sjunsih nòzhi| ujwui| v {fluiosndân| v, |n`tilihunen| jwlj{lfihj|, |j ibfufü `n {n`jiosndân efsjlun ej `n| oì|n|j|lsfun| jh hîgznu` v nzh ej |z| tjs|fihj| jh j|{nþi`(:;

@n `îbfhn >7 ej `n Bnusâlz`n ej usfczui|, lzvi j~zftn`jhuj jhj` Lüeflj Bjheilfhi j| j` di`fi <7 s,

lihufjhj {zjcì| giv ìln`fqnei| jh `n Li|un Osnhej ej Ozjssjsi(:>

@n lncjljsn j| Lfgznu îh v |z| |zajui|1 Li`fbnh, [nhiu`nh, Hilgli,

Fqun{nh, Wiìlgfzgvnh, [ju`nu`nh, Wfgznlnh 'i Wfzgznlnh&, N{nhln`j"lnh, Liqigzf{f`jlnh, Livñglnl v Qnlnuz``nh(Ncnai |j fhefln1 #Lfznzug`n ]|flR v iusi| {zjcì| usfczunsfi| ~zj

j|uîh jh j|un is`n#(:3

Jh jdjlui, un` libi ì |jþn`n j` libjhunsf|un, `n bnvisân ej ì|{zjcì| jh`f|unei| j|uîh jh `n Li|un osnhej ej Ozjssjsi n jwlj{lfüh ej Li`fbn v Lfgznu`îh( @i ~zj hi| ``jtn n fhdjsfs ~zj ì| {zjcì| jwf|ujhuj|, jh `n æ{iln ej `n j`ncisnlfüh ej `n Bnusâlz`n ej

usfczui|, jh `n li|un ej Bflginlîh, jsnh bjhisj| v, {is ì unhui, hf|f~zfjsn bjsjlfjsih |js bjhlfihnei| jh zh eilzbjhui ~zj jsn cî|fli {nsn j` licsi ej ì| usfczui| {is ì| nqujln|( [j|j n zh fheflfi,|icsj `n {sicnc`j djlgn ej` eilzbjhui fheâojhn, hi ~zfjsi j`nci

sns gf{üuj|f| |icsj zh ujbn ~zj lissj|{ihej n ì| j|{jlfn`f|un|(@i fb{isunhuj {nsn hzj|usi {si{ü|fui j| ~zj, jwl`zvjhei n ì|

{zjcì| ozjssjsjh|j|, |üì |j bjhlfihn n #Li``vbnh# "n|â n{nsjljj|lsfui nssfcn ej` {fluiosnbn― v hi gnv sjdjsjhlfn n hfhoñh iusi{zjcì i {sitfhlfn li`âbjh|j, |n`ti Lfgznu`îh ~zj, libi |ncjbi|, j|uî jhl`ntnei jh j` nluzn` j|unei ej An`f|li(

@n isfjhunlfüh ej` {fluiosnbn j| bzv fb{isunhuj, efdfjsj, ejbiei snefln`, ej` lihilfei jh `n nluzn`fene( \z usnqi tn ej ejsj"

: ; Ln|uf`ì Dnssjsn| '> 6 7 : & , :35(: > Nosjons`n ~zj n Ln|uf`ì Dnssjsn| `j dnùü bjhlfihns ~zj unbcfæh lihufjhj {zjcì| ej Li`fbn v An`f|li(: 3 Ln|uf`ì Dnssjsn| '>67:&, ::7(

33




lgn n fq~zfjsen v æ|uj lifhlfej ―hi {zjej lsjjs|j jh j` nqns, bîwfbj ~zj hzj|usi| fheâojhn| j|lioânh j` n|{jlui bî| sj`jtnhuj ej|z jhuishi, {nsn hibcsns n |z| {zjcì|―, lih osnh |fbf`fuze, lihj` lzs|i ej` sâi Lnwfu`îh i Nsbjsân, jh zh `zons ljslnhi n` {sicnc`j n|fjhui ej` {zjcì ej` bf|bi hibcsj(

J` nhî`f|f| ej `n Bnusâlz`n ej usfczui| v ej` {fluiosnbn ej Li`fbnh, hi| ``jtn, efsjlunbjhuj, n` {sic`jbn ej` |fohfdflnei ej Li

`fbn( Jh zh j|uzefi `fhoðâ|ufli |icsj #j` |fohfdflnei ej Li`fbn#,

j`ncisnei {is j` Es( Antfjs Csnti Bnonþn, |j lihl`zvj1

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^zj ej bnhjsn ojhjsn` lihlzjsen lih `n `jluzsn ~zj {si{z|j jh`n Gf|uisfn Bâhfbn ej Li`fbn libi #@zons eihej gnlj sjliei j`

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\fh jbcnsoi, uientân hi| ~zjen zh {sic`jbn fssj|zjùi1 j` ej `nefdjsjhlfnlfüh ~zj gnlânh ì| lih~zf|uneisj|, jh ì| {sfbjsi| nþi|ej `n liìhfn, jhusj `n| {sitfhlfn| ej Li`fbnh v Li`fbiu`( N` sj|{jlui j| hjlj|nsfi lfuns ~zj j` {si{fi Lisuæ| jh |z Lznsun Lnsun ej

Sj`nlfüh, ì ejan, fb{`âlfunbjhuj, j|unc`jlfei, lznhei ej|{zæ| ejsj`nuns ì| {isbjhisj| ej `n lih~zf|un ej Li`fbn, ndfsbn1

V dzæ unh czjhi j|uj ln|ufoi, ~zj |fh bî| ozjssn |j e fi `zjoi uien `nufjssn ej {nq,v hi |i`nbjhuj j|un {sitfhlfn ]Li fbnhR, bn| nzh iusn|bzlgn| ljslnhn| n j``n tfhfjsih n |j idsjljs {is tn|n`ì| ej tzj|usnlj|îsjn bnaj|une, ~zj dzjsih N`fbüh,Li`fbübj jLjoznuîh :4

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@n n|jtjsnlfüh ej Lisuæ| j| jwnlun, `n| iusn| {sitfhlfn| ljslnhn| n Li`fbnh, jsnh N`fbn, Li` f bihuj i Liffbiu` v Lfgznâ`îh,~zfqî| gncsân ~zj nosjons n Uj{jufunhoi, ibfufen {is Lisuæ|( Jhj|uj lihujwui, jhuihlj|, hi| ~zjen l`nsi ~zj Li`fbnh jsn zhn {sitfhlfn fheâojhn sjezlfen n `n li|un ljslnhn n `n bns ej` \zs, ì ~zjtjhesân n |js jh `n nluzn`fene `n li|un ej Ujlibîh, jhusj N`fbn vUj{jufunhoi, `zons jh j` ~zj \nzjs ejujsbfhü ~zj j|uncnh |fuznei|ì| {zjcì| n ì `nsoi ej` cnai sâi Nsbjsân , :? jhlncjqnei| {is Ln"wfu`îh(

N bnvis nczhenbfjhui, j` {si{fi \nzjs, cn|nei jh `n tf|fun ej@jcsüh, sjn`fqnen usjfhun nþi| ej|{zæ| ej `n lih~zf|un, fejhufdflü

j|un| lznusi {sitfhlfn| ej `n |fozfjhuj bnhjsn1

N`fbn

#J` tn``j ej N`fbn j| `n {nsuj cnan ej `n dsihujsn jhusj ì| j|unei| ej Li`fbn v Bflginlîh, n ì `nsoi ej` sâi Lingznvnhn# (:7

Bî| nej`nhuj negfjsj `n dsihujsn ej An`f|li n j|un ej|lsf{lfüh vhi| jw{`fln ~zj #bfjbcsi| ej `n dnbf`fn ej Nsîcnì dzjsih ì|{sfbjsi| osnhej| jhlibjhejsi| ej `n bfune ej `n lzjhln ej` sâiN`fbn, ngisn j` sâi Lingznvnhn i Hnsnhai, j` lzn` j| j` sâidsihujsfqi jhusj Li`fbn jh j` ij|uj v An`f|li v Bflginlîh jh j`j|uj#( : 6 J|un qihn j|uî lib{`jbjhunen {is `n li|un ej N` fbn 4;

lzvi| {zjcì| #jsnh `zonsj| |fuznei| jh `n| j|usfcnlfihj| ej `nbihunþn, lisunei| {is j` sâi N`fbn 'j` biejshi Lingznvnhn&#( 4>

Nhuj| hi| eflj ~zj #j` tn``j ej N`fbn lissj|{ihej, bî| i bjhi|, n` bzhflf{fi ej Fwu`ngznlîh#(43

: ? \nzjs '>66;&, 47(: 7 \nzjs '> 6 6 ;& , 43 (: 6 \nzjs '> 6 6 ;& , 4:(4 ; J|un sjofüh ojiosîdfln, jh `n {nsuj li`âbjh|j , `j dzj ljsljhnen n Fwu`ngznlîh vnhjwnen n` bzhflf{fi ej Ujlibîh, jh `n eælnen ej ì| lfhlzjhun ej` |foì W W(4 > \nzjs '>66;&, 44(4 3

\nzjs '> 6 6 ;& , 43( J| fb{isunhuj {sjlf|ns ~zj j|un ej|lsf{lfüh ej` bzhflf{fi ejFwu`ngznlîh lissj|{ihej n `n jwujh|füh ojiosîdfln ~zj ujhân nhuj| ej |js`j ljsljhnen `n {nsuj cnan ej `n li|un ~zj dzj nosjonen n U j l i b î h 1 |z{sn, hiun 4;(

35




Li`fbiu`

@n ej|lsf{lfüh ej j|un {sitfhlfn `n gnlj \nzjs jh ì| |fozfjhuj| uæsbfhi|1 #J` Li`fbiu` jsiihlj| |jsânh ì| bzhflf{fi| ejLi`fbn, Lübn`n, Lznzguæbil v `n| {nsuj| gnlfn j` j|uj ej ì|bzhflf{fi| ej Tf``n ej Î`tnsjq v Li~zfbnu`îh#( 4<

Lfgznu`îh

Jh `n| bf|bn| {n`ncsn| ej \nzjs, |j jwujheân #j` tn``j i {sitfhlfn ej Lfgznu`îh ]((,R, ncnai ej` {zjsui ej `n Hntfene ](((R, n ì`nsoi ej ì| biejshi| `âbfuj| ej An`f|li v Li`fbn# ( 45

Uj{jufunhoi

Jsn #zhn îsjn |icsj j` `nei ij|uj ej` sâi Osnhej i Nsbjsân,jwujhefæhei|j n ì| `âbfuj| bihunþi|i| ej An`f|li#(4:

Jhuihlj|, |f æ|un| jsnh `n| {sitfhlfn| ljslnhn| n Li`fbnh, {isj`fbfhnlfüh, {nsn |fuzns j` n|fjhui fheâojhn isfofhn`, |üì hi| ~zjen j` tn``j ej Ujlibîh( J` bzùflfunei \nzjs ndfsbn1

Lznhui @jcsüh ~zf|i ejlfs |icsj j` tn``j ej Ujlibîh hi j| l`nsi= {iejbi| jb{jqns lih zhn ej|fohnlfüh {nsn n {nsuj ej `n li|un ej` îsjncnþnen {is j` sâi Nsbjsân( 44

\üì {iejbi| lihl`zfs, |f `fonbi| ì| enui| ~zj gjbi| tjhfeinhn`fqnhei1 `n Bnusâlz`n ej usfczui| hi| bzj|usn zh {fluiosnbn

lih isfjhunlfüh efdjsjhuj n` lihilfei j|lzei biejshi ej Li`fbn(\z usnqi isfofhn` sjlsjn j` lzs|i ej` sâi Lnwfu`îh i Nsbjsân( @nhzjtn {si{zj|un ej` |fohfdflnei ej Li`fbn, bjefnhuj j` nhî`f|f|`fhoðâ|ufli v ej ic|jstnlfüh ej` lzs|i ej` sâi, j| j` ej j` sjliei

ej` sâi i `zons eihej gnlj sjliei j` nozn( Lisuæ| n` hibcsns `n|{sitfhlfn| nhjwn| ~zj |j efjsih ej {nq, fb{`âlfunbjhuj lih|fejsn n`n ej Li`fbnh libi zhn jhufene efdjsjhuj n `n ej Li`fbiu`( @i ~zjhi gncânbi| ic|jstnei j| ~zj gjbi| vzwun{zj|ui i fbcsflnei, jhzhn `jluzsn jssühjn, j` isfofhn` ujssfuisfi fheâojhn ej Li`fbnh, lihj` lihlj{ui jti`zlfihnei, ej `n jwujh|n {sitfhlfn liìhfn` ej Li"

\nzjs '>66;&, 43"4<(

\nzjs '>66;&, 4;"4> (\nzjs '>66;&, ? >(\nzjs '>66;&, 43(

3:



Jshj|ui Ujssâ~zjq \îuhnhi

`fbn, lihljcfen jh ì| nþi| {i|ujsfisj| n `n lih~zf|un, {sicnc`jbjhuj, ej|{zæ| ej >:3:, libi sj|zùnei ej `n jw{jeflfüh ej Dsnhlf|li Lisuæ| {is g$ li|un| ej An`f|li v Hnvnsfu, |fh ì| {zjcì| ~zjnhjwü Þzþi ej Ozqbîh n `n Hzjtn On`flfn, v ~zj dzj `n ~zj lihilfü v tf|fuü, usjfhun nþi| ej|{zæ| @jcsüh ej ^zfþihj|(

Jh j|uj |jhufei, `n| læez`n| ej jhlibfjhen ej ì| nþi| ej >:3<v >:35, hi| {si{islfihnh `n l`ntj ej` isfofhn` n|fjhui ej `n tf``n ejLi`fbn, j|un |j jhlihusncn "ej bnhjsn jw{`âlfun n|â ì efljh, ejì| {zjcì| ej Bn|bzonu`n v Ujli`n{n, nbci| |fh ezen n|jhunei|jh j` tn``j ej Ujlibîh―, zcflnen jh `n {sitfhlfn ej Li`fbnh, hi

jh `n ej Uj{jufunhoi, hf jh `n ej Biuâh, hf jh `n ej Li`fbiu`, hfbzlgi bjhi| jh Ntnzu`nh( Jh j` `zons |jþn`nei {is @jcsüh v\nzjs ~zj lifhlfej lih `n zcflnlfüh ej Lnwfu`îh(

:( Lnbcfi ej n|fjhui

([nsn zhn bjais lib{sjh|füh ej `n| dzhenlfihj| ej `n tf``n ej Li`fbn, ejcjbi| ngisn jwnbfhns j` lnbcfi ej |z n|fjhui( Gnv eilzbjhui| ~zj hi| enh fheflfi| fhezcfunc`j| v lih|ununh ~zj, jhjdjlui, gzci un` lnbcfi, nñh lznhei dnùjh ì| eilzbjhui| j|jh

lfn`j|, libi {iesânh |js `n| læez`n| i ì| uj|ufbihfi| hiunsfn`j| ej`n æ{iln ~zj n|â hi| ì lihdfsbjh(

J` {sfbjs enui |j jhlzjhusn jh zhn hiun ej Dj`f{j \jtf``n ej`Sâi, jh |z Csjtj j|uzefi |icsj `n lih~zf|un v dzhenlfüh ej Li`f

bnh, sjbfufjhei n zh eilzbjhui ~zj ufuz`n eih Dsnhlf|li ej` [n|i Azhun lj`jcsnen jh Bæwfli {is Oihqnì ej \n`nqns, [jesi N`bf"

ejq Lgjsfhi, @jihj` ej Ljstnhuj| v iusi|, libi sj{sj|jhunhuj| ej`

Oicfjshi, n|f ej Bæwfli libi ej iusi| {zjcì| ej Hzjtn J|{nþn,

|icsj {jefs n` sjv, `j| lihljefjsn lfjsui| {zhui| ej oicfjshi {nsn

usnh~zf`fqns n~zj``n| {sitfhlfn| '>; ej hitfjbcsj ej >:3:&( 4?

Jh j|un sjzhfüh n `n lzn` lihlzssfü Dsnhlf|li Lisuæ| libi {silzsneis {is Li`fbn, |j {fefü {nsn #{si{fi|# ej `n tf``n ej Li`fbn

j` {zjcì ej Uz|{n( Ndfsbn, n|fbf|bi, ~zj j|ui| #Ln{âuzì| ej `n

J{f|ui`nsfi ej `n Hzjtn J|{nþn '> 6 <6 & , F, ?7"6;(




, `n Hzjtn J|{nþn, hibcsj æ|uj ñùfbi ~zj {sjtn`jlfü v z| ü idflfn`bjhuj lih `fojsâ|fbn| jwlj{lfihj| jh ~zj |j fhujsln`ncn j` nosjonei

#\nh \jcn|ufîh#, ezsnhuj ln|f uiei j` |foì W T F ( ? 3

N un` jdjlui, fh|jsun nòzhi| eilzbjhui| ~zj |i|ufjhjh |z|ndfsbnlfihj| v ~zj |ih ì| |fozfjhuj|1

>( #>:<3( Jh `n tf``n ej \nh \jcn|ufîh ej `n {sitfhlfn ej Li

`fbnh ej|un Hzjtn J|{nþn, bfæsli`j| tjfhuj v usj| eân| ej bj|ej iluzcsj, nþi ej` hnlfbfjhui ej hzj|usi |n`tneis Aj|zlsf|ui ejbf` j ~zfhfjhui| j usjfhun j ei| nþi|# (?<

3( #Vi, On|{ns ej Tf``nefjoi, j|lsfcnhi {ñc`fli hibcsnei jh

j|un tf``n ej \nh \jcn|ufîh ej `n {sitfhlfn ej Li`fbn ej j|un

Hzjtn J|{nþn, eiv dæ v tjsenejsi uj|ufbihfi n uiei| ì| |jþisj|~zj `n {sj|jhuj tfjsjh, n ~zj Efi| Husi( \jþis gihsj v oznsej ejbn`, lübi jh eibfhoi efjlf|fjuj eân| ej` bj| ej eflfjbcsj ejj|uj nþi ej` hnlfbfjhui ej Husi( \jþis Aj|zlsf|ui ej bf` j ~zfhfjhui| j usjfhun j |jf| nþi|, j|unhei(((# (?5

<( #Jh `n tf``n ej \nhu \jcn|ufîh ej `n {sitfhlfn ej Li`fbn ej

j|un Hzjtn J|{nþn, jh tjfhuj v |jf| eân| ej` bj| ej iluzcsj ej

? 3 \jtf``n ej` Sâi '> 6 7 4 & , 3: (? < \jtf``n ej` Sâi '> 6 7 4 & , 3;:( \zcsnvnei b âi ( J` nzuis f`z|usn |z ujwui lih `n sj{siezllfüh ej `n {sfbjsn dian, libi #Eilzbjhui h z b ( 6"Ndì ej >:<3#, v n` {fjej `n bf|bn j|lsfcj1 #Nslgfti {sftnei ej` vn jwufhui gf|uisfneis an`f|lfjh|j Fho(Ai|æ S( Cjhâujq( [îofhn fhflfn` ej `n dnbi|n j fhn{sjlfnc`j NLUN"SJ@NLFÜH ej`Lncfèi li`âbjh|j djlgnen jh `n tf``n ej \nh \jcn|ufîh ej `n {sitfhlfn ej Li`fbn,n 3< ej iluzcsj ej > : < 3 ( J|uj eilzbjhui ~zj bjsjljsân zhn j|{jlfn` lih|jstnlfüh v lz|uiefn ej {nsuj ej hzj|usn| nzuisfenej|, ej|n{nsjlfü bf|ujsfi|nbjhuj ejì| nslgfti| li`fbjh|j| bzv {sicnc`jbjhuj n dfhj| ej` {n|nei |foì WFW, |fh |ncjs|j gn|un j` bibjhui |z {nsnejsi( [is disuzhn |j lih|jstnh nòzhn| tjs|fihj|{n`jiosîâfln| ej `n lfunen {fjqn gf|uüsfln, jajlzunen| {is j|uzefi|i| {n`jüosndi|ej` |foì {n|nei, libi ì| |jþisj| E( Sz{jsui Nsqnl, E( Osjoisfi Cnssjuj viusi|( @n {sj|jhuj diuili{fn dzj ìosnen n {sfhlf{fi| ej >6:3 , jh `n lfzene ejOznen`nansn, {is j` nlzlfi|i fhtj|ufoneis un{nuâi E( @zf| [îjq Csiulgfj, sjlfjhujbjhuj dn``jlfei#1 Fcfe( , > 5 > (? 5 \jtf``n ej` Sâi '> 6 7 4 & , 3;7( \zcsnvnei bâi( J` nzuis ì sj{siezlj libi #eilzbjhui hñb( >3"Ndui ej >:<4#, v libi {fj ej osncnei, j|lsfcj1 #TF@@N EJ \NH\JCN\UFÎH( Nslg( Bzhflf{n` ej Li`fbn( [nsuj fhflfn` ej` uj|unbjhui ej` lzsn ejLi`fbn Cs( Dsnhlf|li ej Bisn`j|( Lih j|uj eilzbjhui |j lihdfsbn ~zj `n fo`j|fn

{nssi~zfn` ej `n tf``n li`fbjd`n |j ``nbü jh |z| fhflfi|, ej \JÞIS \NHUFNOI#1`cfe(, > 5 ? (

37




bf` v ~zfhfjhui| v |j|jhun v ei| nþi|, nhuj j` bzv bnohâdfli |jþis Efjoi Hñþjq ej Ozqbîh, n`lnèj bnvis jh j|un eflgn tf``n{is |z Bnaj|une, j {is nhuj bâ Efjoi Tjjeis, j|lsfcnhi {ñc`fliv ej` Lih|jai ej j|un eflgn tf``n(((#, ?:

Ej ì nhujsfis |j ej|{sjhej, ej lihdisbfene lih \jtf``n, ~zj jh|z jun{n fhflfn` ―j| bzv {sicnc`j " lihtftfjsih ei| tf``n|, `n ejLi`fbn jhl`ntnen jh `n {sitfhlfn ej Li`fbnh v `n ej \nh \jcn|u f îh ? 4 "lih ljsujqn |j {zjej |jþn`ns ~zj n dfhn`j| ej >:3? vn |jjhlihusncn jh j` `zons n l u zn ` " ,? ? zcflnen jh `n {sitfhlfn ej Li`f"biu`(

[nsn lihdfsbns ì nhujsfis j| lihtjhfjhuj lfuns ~zj, jh zhn j|lsfuzsn ej lib{sntjhun ej >:5:, |j eflj ì ~zj |fozj1

Jh `n tf``n ej Li`fbn ej j|un Hzjtn J|{nþn, jh tjfhuj j |jf| eân| ej`bj| ej jhjsi, ndâi ej` hnlfbfjhui ej Husi( \n`tneis Aj|zlsf|ui ej bf`j ~zfhfjhui| j lznsjhun j lfhli nþi| ](((R, {nsjlfü Aznh Bnsuj`, tjlfhiej j|un tf``n, j efai ~zj {is lznhui æ` gn lib{snei ej Aznh, fhefi{sfhlf{n` ej `n j|unhlfn ej Uj{jgznlnh |zajun n {zjcì ej Ujli`n{n,zh {jenqi ej ufjssn jh j` tn``j ej Wzlzu`îh, lnbfhi ej n tf``n tfjan,n` {fj ej `n |fjssn ej Li`fbüuj(((?7

? : \jtf``n ej` Sfi '> 6 7 4 & , 3 > 5 ( \zcsnvnei bâi( J` nzuis ì sj{siezlj libi #eilzbjhui hñb( >6"Ndfi ej >:43#= n lzvi {fj nhiun1 #Nslgfti Bzhflf{n`, Li`fbn(TF@@N EJ \NH \JCN\UFÎH( @n {sj|jhunlfüh ej j|uj eilzbjhui cn|unsân, {is |â |iì,{nsn {ihjs jh ezen `n tjs|füh ej ~zj `n tf``n ej Li`fbn icuzti |z uâuzì ej \nhufnoi ej ì| Lncn``jsi|, jh >::5#1 Fcfe(, >4>(? 4 #Ej|ej dfhj| ej >:3: fhflfü |z `jhun v ñhfln bzenhqn i usnh|`nei n` |fufi ~zjgiv ilz{n un lfzene ej Li` fbn , |fjhei n` dfh ncnheihnen {is |z| bisneisj| v sj"dzhenen j` 3; ej jhjsi ej >:3?#1 \jtf``n ej` Sâi '> 6 7 4 & , 6(? ? Ujssâ~zjq \îbnhi '> 6 7 : & ( < < " : > (? 7 \jtf``n ej` Sâi '> 6 7 4 & , 3 > ; ( \zcsnvnei bâi( J` nzuis f`z|usn |z ujwui lih j|uj~zj |jþn`n libi #eilzbjhui hñb( ><"Ndì ej >:5:#, n lzvi {fj libjhun1 #Ns

lgfti Bzhflf{n` ej Li`fbn( J|lsfuzsn isfofhn` ej lib{sn"tjhun ej ufjssn|, jh ~zj|j bjhlfihnh @N TF@@N TFJAN v @N \FJSSN EJ LI@FBÜ U J, jh j tn` j ej W Z L Z U @ Î H ,

ljsln ej` {zjcì ej UJLI@N[N!/1 Fcfe(, >56(

36



Jshj|ui Ujssâ~zjq\îbnhi

Lihl`z|fihj|

Q &j|{zæ| ej jwnbfhns uiei| ì| eilzbjhui| n~zâ lfunei|, {iejbi|

``jons n `n| |fozfjhuj| lihl`z|fihj|1

>( @n {sfbjsn tf``n ej Li`fbn, libi ~zjeü ejbi|usnei, `n dzh

eü Oihqnì ej \nheitn` jh `n isfofhn` {sitfhlfn fheâojhn ej Li

`fbnh, jhl`ntnen jh `n li|un ej Ujlibîh, lih j` hibcsj ej Tf``n

ej Li`fbnh, jh zh `zons n `jozn i `jozn v bjefn ej `n bns ej` \zs

v ~zj ej lihdisbfene lih `n| jtfejhlfn| jwnbfhnen|, eihej |j

jhlihusncn j` {zjcì ej Lnwfu`îh, |joñh |j ej|{sjhej ej` hñbjsiej gzjsun| ej lnlni jwf|ujhuj| n `n djlgn ej `n tf|fun ej @jcsüh ej

^zfþihj| v ej `n| læez`n| ej sj{nsufbfjhui jwnbfhnen| ~zj efdj

sjhlfnh, lih jhujsn ljsufezbcsj, `n| {sitfhlfn| ej Li`fbnh v Li"

`fbiu`( J|ui ~zjen fb{`âlfunbjhuj j|unc`jlfei jh `n Lznsun Lnsun

ej Sj`nlfüh ej Gjshîh Lisuæ| n` lih|fejsns n #Li`fbihuj# zhn

{sitfhlfn ljslnhn n Li`fbnh(

3( Jh |z isfojh, j` hibcsj v zcflnlfüh ej `n tf``n ej Li`fbn,

j|uzti sj`nlfihnei lih j` ujssfuisfi fheâojhn, hibcsj v |fohfdflnei

ej Li`fbnh, |joñh |j ej|{sjhej ej` nhî`f|f| ej `nBnusâlz`n ej usf"

czui| v ej ì| j|uzefi| `fhoðâ|ufli| sjn`fqnei|(

<( J|un tf``n ej Li`fbn, dzhenen jh `n {sitfhlfn ej Li`fbnh,|joñh j` eilzbjhui ej @jcsüh, j|uzti {ic`nen, n{siwfbnenbjhuj,

ei| nþi| bî| i bjhi|( J` uj|ufbihfi ej Ajsühfbi @ü{jq lihlzjs

en lih |z j|unhlfn ej ei| nþi| jh `n tf``n v `n lnsun ej {sj|jhunlfüh

~zj `j jhusjoü Isezþn, lib{szjcn ~zj n dfhj| ej >:3:, uientân |j

jhlihusncn jh |z n|fjhui isfofhn`, hi gnv gn|un jhuihlj|, hfhozhn

sjdjsjhlfn n lnbcfi nòzhi= {is j|n bf|bn djlgn, |j sjn`fqü `n

azhun ej {silzsneisj| ej tf``n| jh `n ln{fun` ej `n Hzjtn J|{nþn,

jh `n lzn` |j |i`flfuü j` {zjcì ej #Uz|{n# {nsn #{si{fi|# ~zj |j

oñh @jcsüh dzj jh eihej |j j|unc`jlfü `n nluzn` tf``n ej Li`fbn(

J|uj {zjcì j|uzti jhl`ntnei jh `n {sitfhlfn ej Li`fbiu`(

5( @n |i`flfuze sjn`fqnen jh `n azhun ej {silzsneisj| hi {si|{jsü v {is jhej, hzhln |j jwujhefü eilzbjhui nòzhi {nsn {sitjjs j`

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\icsj ®n| dzhenlfihj| ej Li`fbn

lnbcfi, |z bf|füh j|uncn ej|ufhnen n! dsnln|i, vn ~zj |z| oj|ufihj||j jhbnslnsih jh `n ef|{zun {is j` {iejs jhusj Lisuæ|, ì| lih~zf|uneisj| v `n {sfbjsn Nzefjhlfn, fhl`z|i dzjsih ej|nzuisfqnei|{is j` {si{fi Lisuæ|, |joñh |j ej|{sjhej ej `n lnsun jhtfnen n `nNzefjhlfn ej \nhui Eibfhoi, ej|ej @n Gncnhn(

:( @n tf``n dzhenen jh j` nhufozi {zjcì fheâojhn ej Uz|{n, jhl`ntnei jh `n {sitfhlfn ej Li`fbiu`, jh |z| fhflfi| |j ``nbü tf``nej \nh \jcn|ufîh v gnv lih|unhlfn ej ~zj n dfhj| ej >:3? vn jwf|uân, |joñh |j gn ejbi|usnei jh iusi usncnai |icsj `n ejdfhfuftn dzhenlfüh ej `n tf``n ej Li` fbn (?6

4( @i nhujsfis |j lihdfsbn {is j` eilzbjhui jh j` ~zj |j bjhlfihn ~zj jwf|ufü zhn tf``n tfjan, ì ~zj jh `üofln hi| ``jtn n li`jofs ~zj jwf|ufü zhn tf``n hzjtn( N` ej|{ic`ns|j `n nhufozn, jh `nhzjtn, {sihui |j nei{uü j` hibcsj ej Li`fbn, ejanhei jh j` i`tfeij` ej \nh \jcn|ufîh(

?( [nsn dfhn`fqns, |fh ~zj jh j|uj usncnai |j gnvnh jwnbfhnei `n|snqihj|, lih|unh jh eftjs|i| usncnai| libi j` ej Dj`f{j \jtf``n ej`Sâi v ej Lnsì| [fqnhi v \nzljei, vn lfunei|, j` {is~zæ jh ì| eân|~zj lissjh, `n Lnujesn` ej Li`fbn ufjhj jh |z dsihuf|{flfi n` |jþis\nhufnoi v n \nh \jcn|ufîh ~zj j|uîh, âhufbnbjhuj, sj`nlfihnei|lih `n jwf|ujhlfn ej nbcn| tf``n|(

Li`fbn, Li`(, djcsjsi, fhtfjshi ej 3;;;(

Ujssâ~zjq \îbnhi '> 6 7 : & , < < ":> (

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Cfc`fiosndân

N B N V N U I [ J U J , Aj|ñ| @n| jhlibfjhen| ej Li`fbn( Bæwfli, Un``jsj| ej Nhui âh @itf|,Ghi|(, >675,<# je( 'L`zc ej` @fcsi Li`âbjh|j, >4&(

C J N Z B I H U , Dsnv [ncìLsühfln ej Bflginlîh( Bisj`fn, Bflg(, Cn`|n` Jefuisj|, >67:, < ti`|(

C S N T I B N O N Þ N , Antfjs L(

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ernesto terríquez sámano - sobre las fundaciones de colima

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