enfermería del trabajo, volumen 5, número 2

7/21/2019 Enfermera del Trabajo, volumen 5, nmero 2

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Ailtjrlbe

Eb loiaxbklo ia eb ravlstbAonargarb iae Yrbcb`j ao

KQLIAOButjras

Saibkklo

Ae jc`atlvj nlobe ia kubeqular ravlstb klaotnlkb as vl-slclelzbr ae kjojklglaotj qua ao aeeb iapjsltbo sus butjras(klaotnlkjs). Vbrb kjosahulrej, iaca lokeulrsa ao ebs prlo-klpbeas cbsas clceljhrnlkbs j oiax. Qo oiax, oj as gsqua uo jrhbolsgj qua begbkaob y rahlstrb, ia gboarb sa-eaktlvb, ijkugaotjs jriaobijs slstagtlkbgaota b nlo iaprjplklbr eb vlslclelibi ia ejs ibtjs, nbkleltoijsa kjo aeejssu csquaib y rakuparbklo.

Varj pbrb qua uob ravlstb klaotnlkb sab loiaxbib, mbia kugpelr klartjs pbrgatrjs ia kbelibi axlhlijs pjrpbrta ia ejs oiax0 kjosahulr uob parljilklibi y puotub-

elibi ao kbib ailklo, bekbozbr uojs astoibras golgjsia kjguolkbklo klaotnlkb ao sus brtkuejs, slstagbtlzbrae prjkasj ailtjrlbe aeaktrolkj gailbota J@[ (Jpao @jur-obe [ystags), avbeubr ejs brtkuejs gailbota eb gatjijej-hb paar ravlaw j ravlslo pjr pbras, glolglzbr ebaoijhbglb ailtjrlbe, atk. Ia astb gboarb, kubotj gbyjrsab eb kbelibi ia eb ravlstb klaotnlkb gbyjr sar su hrbijia loiaxbklo, bcbrkboij uo gbyjr ogarj ia cbsas cl-celjhrnlkbs y, ao kjosakuaoklb, jstaotbr uob gs betb il-nuslo y raparkuslo klaotnlkb.

Vjr tjij aeej, uob ravlstb klaotnlkb iaca parsahulr eb

loiaxbklo ia njrgb lokasbota, y uob vaz kjosahulib, pra-sarvbreb y parnakkljobreb (jptlglzbreb), pjrqua as kjos-klaota ia ejs caoanlkljs qua rapjrtb stb0 Ebs ravlstbs loiaxbibs biqularao gbyjr vlslclelibi aoeb kjguolibi klaotnlkb, tbotj b olvae obkljobe kjgj guo-ilbe. Eb loiaxbklo kjonlara uo gbrkmbgj ia kbelibi b eb ra-vlstb. Nbkleltb ae bkkasj be kjojklglaotj klaotnlkj (brtkuejspucelkbijs). Vrjguava ae prastlhlj ia ejs butjras, tbotj ao kubotj susmbeebzhjs sa ibo b kjojkar b uob gbyjr pjcebklo ia lo-vastlhbijras.

Ao ilklagcra ia 3629, eb ravlstb Aonargarb ae Yrbcb`jraklcl eb ga`jr ojtlklb iasia su obklglaotj0 nua bkaptbib

ao eb cbsa clceljhrnlkb KQLIAO, y pjr tbotj, bekboz uoolvae ia loiaxbklo clceljhrnlkb ia prlgar jriao iaotrjia ebs ravlstbs klaotnlkbs ia aonargarb ia ouastrj pbs.

KQLIAO as uob Cbsa ia Ibtjs Clceljhrnlkb ia ebNuoibklo Loiax qua lokeuya prjiukklo klaotnlkb sjcraKulibijs ia [beui ao ae aspbklj klaotnlkj Lcarjbgarl-kboj, tbotj ia kjotaolij keolkj-bslstaoklbe ao tjibs susaspaklbelibias y ia prjgjklo ia eb sbeui, kjgj kjo ao-njquas gatjijehlkjs, mlstrlkjs, sjklbeas j kueturbeas.Kjotlaoa brtkuejs ia ravlstbs klaotnlkbs, elcrjs, gjoj-hrbnbs y jtrjs ijkugaotjs, lokeusj gbtarlbeas oj pucel-

kbijs, kuyjs kjotaolijs mbo slij avbeubijs pravlbgaotapjr uo kjglt ia axpartjs.Eb Nuoibklo Loiax as uob aotlibi klaotnlkb kjo hrbo

raparkuslo obkljobe a lotarobkljobe, iastbkboij sus bk-kljoas ia prjgjklo ia eb lovastlhbklo sjcra kulibijsia sbeui ao ae kjotaxtj aurjpaj a lcarjbgarlkboj. Iasiagailbijs ia ejs jkmaotb vlaoa trbcb`boij ao eb hastloiae kjojklglaotj aonargarj, iasbrrjeeboij eoabs y hru-pjs ia lovastlhbklo, haoarboij cbsas ia ibtjs clceljhr-nlkbs, rabelzboij bktlvlibias njrgbtlvbs (kursjs,saglobrljs y tbeearas prasaoklbeas, aiukbklo b ilstboklb,

atk.) y prjgjvlaoij rauoljoas klaotnlkbs, ao ebs qua ias-tbkb su prajkupbklo pjr ae kjgpjoaota kueturbe ia ejskulibijs y eb mugbolzbklo ia eb sbeui.

Iaotrj ia eb Nuoibklo Loiax y KQLIAO, sa mbeebKQLIAO kltbklo. As ae gjiaej ia boelsls clceljgtrlkjutlelzbij pjr ae Hrupj ia Astuiljs Ijkugaotbeas ia ebNuoibklo Loiax. [upjoa uo lostrugaotj qua pargltagailr ae lgpbktj ia ebs ravlstbs ia aonargarb iae rab el-hstlkb iae aspbje y iae pjrtuhus, su vlslclelibi y sukjosugj. Sakjha gleas ia kltbs ia ravlstbs ia aonargarby ianloa b uo kjo`uotj ia ravlstbs vlslceas nraota b bqua-eebs qua oj ej sjo. Oj bpbrakar ao ejs oilkas ia kltbs iaKQLIAO kltbklo slholnlkb qua eb ravlstb ao kuastlo ojaxlsta.

Ao eb bktubelibi, kbib vaz sjo gs ebs biglolstrbklj-

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Aonargarb iae Yrbcb`j 36214 10 ;9-;1

Saibkklo

Eb loiaxbklo ia eb ravlstb Aonargarb iae Yrbcb`j ao KQLIAO

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oas qua astbceakao ao su slstagb ia saeakklo ia parsjobe

ejs loilkbijras ia lgpbktj ia KQLIAO Kltbklo pbrb aerakjojklglaotj y cbragbklo ia grltjs ia kbrktar klao-tnlkj b prjnasljobeas kjgj aonargarb, nlsljtarbplb, tarb-plb jkupbkljobe, atk. Astj slholnlkb qua b ejs aonargarjsy aonargarbs qua pucelkbo sus brtkuejs ao eb ravlstb Ao-nargarb iae Yrbcb`j, hrbklbs b KQLIAO kltbklo, sa easpuaib rakjojkar su lgpbktj, y qua su trbcb`j klaotnlkjsa mbhb, oj sjej vlslcea, sloj rakjojklcea kurrlkuebrgaota,bspaktjs botas oahbijs a lovlslclelzbijs pjr ejs slstagbsclceljgtrlkjs gs bkaptbijs lotarobkljobegaota, kjgj[KL ([klaoka Kltbtljo Loiax).

Kjrraspjoia bmjrb, b tjib eb Aonargarb iae Yrbcb`j,bsuglr eb raspjosbclelibi ia gbotaoar y ga`jrbr astaejhrj kjosahulij, gailbota eb lotaoslnlkbklo ia eb prj-iukklo klaotnlkb, y oj ia`br askbpbr asta rakjojklglaotjjcsaqulbij pjr ae axkaeaota trbcb`j klaotnlkj qua ouastrbBsjklbklo mb rabelzbij mbstb ae gjgaotj.

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9

Aonargarb iae Yrbcb`j 36214 10 ;9-;1

Saibkklo

Eb loiaxbklo ia eb ravlstb Aonargarb iae Yrbcb`j ao KQLIAO


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;>Aonargarb iae Yrbcb`j 36214 10 ;>-9;ahb BG, Cbrrljs G, bquarj G

Bspaktjs pslkjsjklbeas iae trbcb`j ia aonargarb ao uob uolibi ia trbspebotas

SA[QGAO

Botakaiaotas0 Ae parsjobe ia aonargarb ia ejs mjspl-tbeas as uoj ia ejs kjeaktlvjs ebcjrbeas gs bnaktbijs pjr

ae astrs. Ibib eb raeavboklb a lgpelkbkljoas qua tlaoaoejs trbspebotas ao ae gcltj sboltbrlj, ojs lotarasb kjojkareb gjtlvbklo y jtrjs bspaktjs iae trbcb`j ilbrlj iae par-sjobe ia aonargarb ao eb uolibi ia trbspebotas iae Mjs-pltbe Qolvarsltbrlj Salob [jnb.Jc`atlvj0 Kjojkar eb gjtlvbklo pbrb iailkbrsa b astbuolibi, ae astrs parklclij pjr astjs prjnasljobeas y ejsbspaktjs qua sabebo kjgj gs oahbtlvjs ia su ebcjr.Gbtarlbe y gtjij0 Astuilj trbosvarsbe. [a mb rabelzbijuob aokuastb, jrlhlobe y prjplb, b ejs prjnasljobeas ia ao-nargarb ao ebs ilstlotbs uolibias raebkljobibs kjo ejs

trbspebotas ia uo Mjspltbe Qolvarsltbrlj, pbrb rakjhar ejsilnaraotas bspaktjs iae trbcb`j ilbrlj, saho eb botlhaibikjgj sboltbrlj y ae rab ia trbspebotas b eb qua partaoaka.Sasuetbijs0[a mb jcsarvbij qua ao eb uolibi ia trbs-pebotas ia asta mjspltbe, eb gbyjr pbrta iae parsjobe sunraastrs iaclij b eb betb raspjosbclelibi (2;%) y ae kjotbktjkjo ae sunrlglaotj y/j eb guarta iae pbklaota (9;%). Bsta ea gjtlvb trbcb`br ao astb uolibi pjr eb rakjgpaosbparsjobe (18%) y ae bhrbiaklglaotj pjr pbrta iae pbklaota(;


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Aonargarb iae Yrbcb`j 36214 10 ;>-9;ahb BG, Cbrrljs G, bquarj G


Gbtarlbe y gtjij

Ilsaj iae astuilj

Astuilj iaskrlptlvj trbosvarsbe, rabelzbij ao nacrarjia 3623 sjcra uob pjcebklo ia ;3 prjnasljobeas ia ao-nargarb ia eb Qolibi ia Yrbspebotas iae MQS[, kjosl-iarboij olkbgaota, ejs trbspebotas ia rhbojs.

Eb guastrb nua saeakkljobib ia njrgb beabtjrlb y as-trbtlnlkbib saho ae tlagpj trbcb`bij ao eb uolibi ia trbs-pebotas (o526bjs y o?26bjs), y ae rab ia trbspebotas beb qua partaoakao (mhbij, kjrbzo, rlo, puego).

Kjgj gtjij ia avbeubklo ia nbktjras pslkjsjklbeas

sa mb utlelzbij uob aokuastb jrlhlobe y prjplb, cbsbib aoejs gjiaejs ia Ebohoar-Bglae (Yast ia [beui Yjtbe)> y aekuastljobrlj pbrb eb avbeubklo ia rlashjs pslkjsjklbeasao ae trbcb`j ( bibptbklo pbrb ae astbij aspbje iae kuas-tljobrlj pslkjsjklbe ia Kjpaombhao, KjVsjR (^arslo2.1, 3626))8. Kjostb ia ilaz prahuotbs qua prataoiaogailr gjtlvbklo, parkapklo iae astrs y jtrjs nbktjraspslkjsjklbeas ao su trbcb`j (Boaxj 2).

Vbrb eb kjgpraoslo bcsjeutb ia eb aokuastb, sa axpj-oao ejs kjokaptjs ia astrs, boslaibi, iapraslo y nrus-trbklo.

Astrs0 Yaoslo prjvjkbib pjr sltubkljoas bhjclbotas quajrlhlobo rabkkljoas pslkjsjgtlkbs j trbstjrojs pslkje-hlkjs b vakas hrbvas=.Boslaibi0 Astbij ia bhltbklo, loqulatui j zjzjcrb iaeolgj. Bohustlb. Asta astbij puaia sar iasaokbiaobijpjr ae astrs=.Iapraslo0 [oirjga kbrbktarlzbij pjr uob trlstazb prj-nuoib y pjr eb lomlclklo ia ebs nuokljoas psqulkbs, bvakas kjo trbstjrojs oaurjvahatbtlvjs. Asta soirjgapuaia sar iasaokbiaobij pjr ae astrs=.Nrustrbklo0 [a gbolnlastb kjgj uo astbij ia vbkj j ia

bomaej losbklbcea=(bpbraka kuboij mby uo lgpuesj jiasaj y eb parsjob oj as kbpbz ia sbtlsnbkarej).

Biags, sa mbka uob aotravlstb be kjjrilobijr ia ao-nargarb ia eb uolibi ia trbspebotas pbrb kjojkar ae g-tjij ia trbcb`j ao astb uolibi.

Ejs ibtjs mbo slij tbcuebijs y axprasbijs ao njrgbia pjrkaotb`as pbrb vbrlbceas kubeltbtlvbs y kjgj gailbsy iasvlbklo astoibr pbrb ebs kubotltbtlvbs. Vbrb bobelzbreb bsjklbklo aotra vbrlbceas kubeltbtlvbs sa mb eeavbij bkbcj eb pruacb ia kml kubirbij. Ae olvae ia slholnlkbklo

astbistlkb mb slij iae


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Sasuetbijs

Ia ejs ;3 prjnasljobeas qua kjostltub eb pjcebklo iatrbcb`bijras ia Aonargarb ia eb Qolibi ia Yrbspebotas,3; aonargarbs nuarjo aokuastbibs ao ae astuilj (82, < bjs.

Ao kubotj be puastj ia trbcb`j, eb ilstrlcuklo ao ebsilstlotbs pebotbs ia mjspltbelzbklo nua eb slhulaota0 M-hbij > (3>,2%), Kjrbzo = (;9,=%), Slo 1 (32,8%) yVuego 9 (28,9%).

[a mbo iaskrltj ebs ilstlotbs vbrlbceas rakjhlibs ia eb

aokuastb, ao njrgb ia pjrkaotbà, y iaspus, sa mbo jcta-olij ejs kjrraspjoilaotas b kbib rab ia trbspebotas ysaho eb botlhaibi ao ae puastj ia astb uolibi. Ae boel-sls ia ejs ibtjs sa mb bùstbij slo taoar ao kuaotb ae h-oarj.Gjtlvbklo

Ao kubotj b eb gjtlvbklo pbrb trbcb`br ao eb uolibiia trbspebotas, ejs rasuetbijs haoarbeas brrj`bo qua ae 18%

ia ejs prjnasljobeas ast gjtlvbij pjr eb rakjgpaosb par-sjobe, ae ;,8 p756,662).

[aho eb botlhaibi, ao eb tbceb 2, pjiagjs var quaraklcao gs rakjgpaosb ejs prjnasljobeas qua eeavbo trb-cb`boij gs ia 26 bjs, qua as eb prloklpbe nuaota ia gj-tlvbklo. Ejs ia gaojs botlhaibi cbsbo su gjtlvbklo

ao eb rakjgpaosb y ae bhrbiaklglaotj aqultbtlvbgaota.[aho ae rab, eb nlhurb 2, leustrb ebs nuaotas qua gseas gjtlvbo b ebs aonargarbs pbrb trbcb`br ao ebs ilnaraotasrabs ia trbspebotas. Ao Yx ia rlo y kjrbzo, iastbkbqua uob ia ebs gjtlvbkljoas iae parsjobe as eb prjplb ax-parlaoklb vlvlib kjo beho nbglelbr y/j bglhj. Ao haoarbe,ae bhrbiaklglaotj y eb rakjgpaosb sjo ebs prloklpbeas gj-tlvbkljoas ia ejs aonargarjs ia astb uolibi.

Ybceb 2. Vrloklpbeas bspaktjs qua nbvjrakao eb gjtlvbklo pbrb trbcb`br ao ebs uolibias ia trbspebotas

Ilstrlcuklo ia eb guastrb saho botlhaibi ao eb uolibi

Nlhurb 2. Vrloklpbeas bspaktjs qua nbvjrakao eb gjtlvbklo pbrb trbcb`br ao ebs uolibias ia trbspebotas

Ibtjs axprasbijs ao pjrkaotbàs


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;8%, eb gbyjrb iae parsjobe ia asta rab,s mb paosbij kbgclbr ia sarvlklj (Kml3 728> p56,662).

Yrbsebij b eb nbglelb

Ae 8=% oj trbsebib ejs prjceagbs surhlijs ao ae trb-cb`j be gcltj nbglelbr (p56,62). [aho eb botlhaibi, aoeb tbceb 3, sa jcsarvb qua ae parsjobe qua eeavb trbcb`boij?26 bjs trbsebib gaojs ejs prjceagbs qua surhao ao aetrbcb`j be gcltj nbglelbr, parj eb ilnaraoklb as paquabkjo ejs qua eeavbo 526 bjs.

[aho ae rab, ao eb tbceb ;, sa puaia jcsarvbr quamby iapaoiaoklb aotra ebs vbrlbceas, yb qua, uo ;;% iaeparsjobe ia tx maptlkj trbsebib ejs prjceagbs iae trbcb`jbe gcltj nbglelbr, glaotrbs qua ae 266% ia tx raobe ojej mbka (p56,662).

Ybceb 3. Sasuetbijs tags 3-= kuastljobrlj (Boaxj 2)


Nlhurb 3. Kbgclj ia sarvlklj, Nrustrbklo, Vrapbrbij pbrb ibr bpjyj agjkljobe y pslkjehlkj, y Ilnlkuetbiraebkljoas kjo jtrjs prjnasljobeas, saho eb guastrb uolibi ia trbspebota



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-9;ahb BG, Cbrrljs G, bquarj G


Ybceb ;. Hrbij ia trbsebij ia ejs prjceagbs ao ae trbcb`j be rab nbglelbr y pbiaklglaotj ia boslaibi /j ia-praslo saho uolibi ia trbspebota

Sanaraota b eb prasaoklb ia anaktjs oahbtlvjs kbusbijs pjrejs nbktjras pslkjsjklbeas0Astrs

Ae >1% ia eb guastrb mb pbiaklij astrs. [aho ebbotlhaibi, mby kebrb iapaoiaoklb ao kubotj b bjs trb-cb`bijs y astrs parklclij, jcsarvboij qua ae 81% iaeparsjobe qua eeavb trbcb`boij ?26 bjs sunra astrs nraotabe 11% ia ejs qua eeavbo 526 bjs trbcb`boij ao astb rab(p756,62) (tbceb 3).

[u vbejr oj as slholnlkbtlvj pjr rabs. Ao haoarbe,tjij ae parsjobe ia astb uolibi pbiaka astrs. Ao Yx iamhbij, uo >8% sunra astrs4 ao Yx ia kjrbzo (>;%), aoYx raobe (>6%) y ao Yx ia puego (81%), asta etlgj asae qua gs bnaktbij ast pjr ae astrs.

Boslaibi y/j iapraslo

Ae 33% mb pbiaklij boslaibi y/j iapraslo. [ahobotlhaibi (Ybceb 3), sa puaia bpraklbr uob lgpjrtbotailnaraoklb, yb qua ae parsjobe qua eeavb gs tlagpj trb-cb`boij, ao uo ;;% mb pbiaklij boslaibi y/j iapraslo,nraota b uo 9% iae parsjobe qua eeavbgaojs tlagpj trbcb`boij (Ybceb 3).

[aho ae rab (Nlhurb 3), sa va qua mby cbstbota ia-paoiaoklb aotra ebs vbrlbceas, jcsarvboij qua haoarbe-

gaota ae parsjobe ia aonargarb ia trbspebotas as kbpbzia ibr bpjyj pslkjehlkj be pbklaota y/j nbglelb, parj quasl ojs nl`bgjs ao ae rab ia puego, ae 81%, as iaklr, ebgbyjrb, oj as kbpbz ia ibr bpjyj pslkjehlkj b astjs ao-nargjs y/j nbglelbras (p56,662).

Ilnlkuetbi ao eb raebklo kjo jtrjs prjnasljobeas

Ae >2% bnlrgb qua oj mby ilnlkuetbi ao eb raebklokjo jtrjs prjnasljobeas qua bnakta ao eb btaoklo j ae kul-ibij iae pbklaota.

[aho eb botlhaibi, ae >9% iae parsjobe qua eeavbgaojs tlagpj trbcb`boij bnlrgb qua oj surhao prjceagbsao ae kulibij iarlvbijs ia ilnlkuetbi ao eb raebklo kjojtrjs prjnasljobeas (tbceb 3). [aho ae rab, eb Nlhurb 3guastrb qua axlsta aqulibi ao eb jplolo ia ebs ilstlotbsrabs, ijoia sej iastbkb Yx maptlkj qua ao uo =;% bnlr-gbo qua oj surhao prjceagbs ao eb btaoklo y/j ae kul-ibij qua iarlvao ia eb ilnlkuetbi ao eb raebklo kjo jtrjsprjnasljobeas .

Bspaktj gs oahbtlvj

Ae bspaktj gs oahbtlvj ia su trbcb`j as ae kjotbktjkjo ae sunrlglaotj y/j eb guarta iae pbklaota (9;%), kjo

gaojs pjrkaotb`a (28%) ae astrs y eb nrustrbklo pbiakl-ijs4 y (28%) eb iaskjonlbozb pjr pbrta iae pbklaota y nb-glelbras iaclij b agpajrbglaotj ia eb sbeui iae pbklaota4


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uo 2;% vao kjgj bspaktj oahbtlvj ae glaij b kjgatararrjras4 y sej uo 9% kraao qua ae bspaktj gs oahbtlvjas eb nbetb ia parsjobe u jtrj 9% eb tjgb ia iaklsljoas lg-pjrtbotas.

[aho ae rab (Nlhurb ;), sa va qua mby iapaoiaoklbao ebs vbrlbceas, yb qua ae parsjobe ia tx raobe, pjr aàg-pej, kjosliarb be glsgj pjrkaotbà qua ae kjotbktj kjo

ae sunrlglaotj y guarta iae pbklaota kjgj bspaktj gsoahbtlvj, ae glaij b kjgatar arrjras y ia lhube gjij aeparsjobe ia tx kbrilbkj kjosliarb kjgj bspaktj gs oa-hbtlvj b lhubeibi ia pjrkaotbàs, eb iaskjonlbozb pjr pbrtaiae pbklaota y eb nbglelb iaclij be agpajrbglaotj (Kml37 ;;1 p56,662).

Nlhurb ;. Bspaktjs gs oahbtlvjs ao ae trbcb`j ia ebs uolibias ia trbspebotas


Ybceb 9. Bspaktjs gs oahbtlvjs iae trbcb`j ao ebs uolibias ia trbspebotas



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Ilskuslo

B pbrtlr ia ejs rasuetbijs iae prasaota astuilj, liaotl-

nlkbgjs qua eb prloklpbe gjtlvbklo pbrb trbcb`br ao astbuolibi as eb rakjgpaosb parsjobe, bs kjgj, ae bhrbiakl-glaotj raklclij pjr pbrta iae pbklaota y/j su nbglelb, quasaho Askrlc-Bhlr as eb nuaota ia rakjgpaosb2. Bia-gs, ao su astuilj kubeltbtlvj, sabeb qua b pasbr ia ejsgetlpeas astrasjras parklclijs pjr ebs aonargarbs ia trbs-pebotas, kjosliarbo su trbcb`j aojrgagaota hrbtlnlkbota2.

Askrlc-Bhlr y Vraz [bo Hrahjrlj kjlokliao kjoasta astuilj ao qua ae parsjobe ia aonargarb iae aqulpjia trbspebotas ast sjgatlij b uo lgpjrtbota astrs ao su`jrobib ebcjrbe iaclij b kjoilkljoas lotrosakbs ao su trb-

cb`j (nbetb ia njrgbklo aspaknlkb, kjotbktj kjo sltubklj-oas axtragbs, sjcrakbrhb ia trbcb`j, betbraspjosbclelibi)2,3,26,22. Kjgj nuaota ia gbyjr astrs sa-bebo ae kjotbktj kjo ae sunrlglaotj y/j eb guarta iae pb-klaota2,3, kjokjriboij bs, kjo ejs rasuetbijs ia astaastuilj. Ae parsjobe ia aonargarb ia trbspebotas iaeMQS[ ej kjosliarb ae bspaktj gs oahbtlvj ia su trbcb`j.[aho Askrlc-Bhlr y Vraz [bo Hrahjrlj b astjs prjna-sljobeas eas haoarb uob hrbo taoslo, tbotj ebs sltubkljoasraebkljobibs kjo ae sunrlglaotj mugboj (pjr aàgpej, ebguarta, ae ibr uob gbeb ojtlklb y ae ijejr ia ejs pbklaotas)

kjgj ebs sltubkljoas raebkljobibs kjo ebs bktubkljoas prj-nasljobeas lokjrraktbs (pjr aàgpej, ae arrjr ao ae ilbh-ostlkj j ao eb tarbplb)2,3,< kjgj pjiagjs var, sltubkloqua tbgclo eas haoarb astrs b ejs prjnasljobeas iaeMQS[ (ae 2;% kjosliarb kjgj bspaktj gs oahbtlvj iasu trbcb`j, ae glaij b kjgatar arrjras). Ao eb astrbtlnlkb-klo pjr rabs, vagjs qua ao Yx ia puego as ijoia aeastrs puaia iasaokbiaobr ao aplsjiljs ia boslaibi y/jiapraslo4 iaclij b ejs kulibijs tbo astrlktjs pjr eb lg-pjrtboklb ia asta rhboj pbrb eeavbr b kbcj ebs nuokljoasvltbeas, y as ijoia gaojs kbpbklibi parklcao pbrb ibrbpjyj pslkjehlkj be pbklaota y eb nbglelb kuboij ej oa-kasltbo. Ao Yx ia rlo as ijoia gaojs astrs y nrustrb-klo sa parklca aotra ae parsjobe ia aonargarb yb qua asijoia gaojs kjgpelkbkljoas bpbrakao pjr eb tkolkb utl-elzbib ao eb jparbklo (ebpbrjskjplb), parj slo agcbrhj,kjosliarb ao hrbo gailib kjgj bspaktj oahbtlvj, aeglaij b kjgatar arrjras.

Ao ej raebkljobij be cuao trbcb`j ao aqulpj qua sajcsarvb ao ae MQS[, pjr oj surhlr prjceagbs ao ejs kul-ibijs y btaoklo be pbklaota trbspebotbij iarlvbij ia kjo-nelktjs kjo jtrjs prjnasljobeas sboltbrljs, Askrlc-Bhlraxprasb qua pbrta iae astrs sunrlij pjr asta parsjobe as

iaclij b eb nbetb ia bpjyj pjr pbrta ia ejs kjgpbarjs yjtrjs prjnasljobeas sboltbrljs2,22, ej qua kjloklia kjo Vraz[bo Hrahjrlj, qua sabeb ao su astuilj ae kjonelktj kjo

jtrjs prjnasljobeas3. B su vaz, sl ej kjgpbrbgjs kjo ouas-

trjs rasuetbijs astrbtlnlkbijs pjr rabs, tbgclo pjiagjsvar qua surhao kjonelktjs aotra ejs prjnasljobeas ao ejstrbspebotas ia puego y kjrbzo, qua sjo tbgclo, ejs pb-klaotas qua gs kulibijs aspaknlkjs oakasltbo.

Kjonjrga b ej bobelzbij ao asta astuilj y sahobnlrgb Vraz [bo Hrahjrlj, asta kjeaktlvj pjr ebs kbrbk-tarstlkbs ia su trbcb`j, ilbrlbgaota tlaoa qua aonraotbrsab sltubkljoas guy ilnaraotas0 pjr uo ebij, ejs bspaktjs pj-sltlvjs qua lgpelkb ae trbspebota ia rhbojs4 pjr aàgpej,eb oj iapaoiaoklb ia uob gqulob ao ejs pbklaotas ia il-elsls, eb pjslclelibi ia qua pbklaotas targlobeas puaibo

sahulr vlvlaoij, atk..). \ pjr jtrj ebij, ejs bspaktjs gsoahbtlvjs, qua sjo ejs gs astrasbotas ao ae trbcb`j quaiasagpabo4 pjr aàgpej, ebs sltubkljoas ia irbgb yiuaej ia ejs nbglelbras iae ijobota, ae glaij b kjgatararrjras, ae taoar qua tjgbr iaklsljoas irstlkbs ao gj-gaotjs urhaotas, eb axkaslvb raspjosbclelibi ao su trb-cb`j, atk3y prjcbceagaota, astj sab, iaclij b quakbrakao ia ejs rakursjs y ia ebs mbclelibias oakasbrlbspbrb mbkar nraota b ilkmbs sltubkljoas2,3. Vjr tjij aeej, sasuhlara qua sa mbhb uo boelsls kubeltbtlvj ao astb uolibipbrb pjiar bcjribr ae astrs parklclij pjr ejs prjnasljob-

eas. Kjokeuyaoij, eb gbyjrb iae parsjobe ia astb uolibisunra astrs iaclij b, kjoilkljoas lotrosakbs ia su trbcb`jkjgj, eb betb raspjosbclelibi y ae kjotbktj kjo ae sunrl-glaotj y/j eb guarta iae pbklaota. Be parsjobe ia aonar-garb ia trbspebotas, ea gjtlvb trbcb`br ao astb uolibi pjreb rakjgpaosb parsjobe (ea hustb y ea lotarasb ae tagb), yae bhrbiaklglaotj pjr pbrta iae pbklaota, y biags, astakjeaktlvj oj mb paosbij ao kbgclbrsa ia uolibi.Kjgj el-gltbkljoas iae astuilj4 eb pjcebklo ia ejs prjnasljobeasia aonargarb ia trbspebotas, oj as sej eb aokuastbib, ybqua rjtbo pjr gas. Ia gjij qua, astb pjcebklo ia prj-nasljobeas oj as aspaknlkb ia trbspebotas, y sarb gsaxbktj ae kjojkar eb jplolo ia tjij ae parsjobe ia aonar-garb qua ast ao kjotbktj kjo astjs pbklaotas. Biags,oj sa mb pjilij aokuastbr be parsjobe ia QKL ia trbspebo-tas qua sjo ejs qua asto ao kjotbktj kjo astjs pbklaotasao ejs kulibijs gs aspaknlkjs.Bhrbiaklglaotjs

B Clclbo Jrtahb (Aonargarj, Kjjrilobijr ia Yrbspebotasao ae MQS[, aotra jtrjs), qua kjo su kjebcjrbklo sa kj-ojkl uo pjkj gs ae sarvlklj ia trbspebotas iae MQS[ yae trbcb`j ia astjs prjnasljobeas4 y b tjij ae parsjobe ia

aonargarb ia trbspebotas iae Mjspltbe Qolvarsltbrlj iaSalob [jnb ia Krijcb qua vjeuotbrlbgaota pbrtlklp aoasta astuilj.


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Clceljhrbnb

2. Askrlc-Bhlr ^, Curhuata-Sbgjs I. Kgj parklcaoebs aonargarbs ia trbospebotas ebs kbusbs iae astrs ebcj-

rbe:. Loiax Aonarg Travlstb ao LotaroatW. 3661 Ojv Tkl-tbij 3623 Gbr 26W 4 29(16)0 21-2 Nac 3623W Ilspjolcea ao0

mttp0//www.losmt.as/

8. L[YB[0 Lostltutj [loilkbe ia Yrbcb`j, Bgclaota y[beuiTlotaroatW. Gbirli.KK.JJ.02


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SA[QGAO

Lotrjiukklo0 Ae jcàtlvj ia astb lovastlhbklo as bob-elzbr ejs slholnlkbijs sjklbeas iae butjkulibij ia eb sbeui

ia ijkaotas uolvarsltbrlbs.Gbtarlbe y gtjijs0 [a trbtb ia uo astuilj kubeltbtlvj,ae ilsaj ia astuilj as uo astuilj ia kbsj. Ae uolvarsj iatrbcb`j astuvj lotahrbij pjr jkmj ijkaotas4 ae guastrajnua prjpjsltlvj. [a bpelk eb tkolkb ia aotravlstb ao prj-nuoilibi. Ae rahlstrj ia ebs aotravlstbs nua b trbvs ia hrb-cbkljoas kjo builj, ae boelsls sa rabelz pjr gailj ia ebtkolkb ia boelsls ia kjotaolij tagtlkj4 sa utlelzj aesjntwbra Btebs tl. 8.6.=1.Sasuetbijs0 Vbrb ebs ijkaotas ae butjkulibij, sjo bktl-vlibias u bkkljoas qua rabelzbo pbrb kulibr, prasarvbr susbeui, pbrb oj aonargbrsa, as uob njrgb ia kulibrsa b s

glsgj j kjo byuib ia behulao, as ae pjiar rabelzbr ebskjsbs raebkljobibs su parsjob pjr s sjeb, gbotaoar ebsbeui ao ebs ga`jras kjoilkljoas pjslceas y ae claoastbr,parj oj sjebgaota kulibr eb sbeui nslkb, tbgclo eb psl-kjehlkb, asplrltube, agjkljobe.Kjokeusljoas0 Ae slholnlkbij iae butjkulibij ast ra-prasaotbij pjr ae kjojkar kgj plaosbo y slaotao ebs ij-kaotas ao raebklo be butjkulibij ia eb sbeui, kgjparklcao y kjostruyao asts tagtlkbs ioijea uo slholnl-kbij, ae kube ej mbo biqulrlij b trbvs ia eb avjeuklo iasu kjojklglaotj ia eb rabelibi, ej qua loneuya ao su bktubr

y ao su tjgb ia iaklsljoas.Vbebcrbs kebva0 [lholnlkbijs sjklbeas, butjkulibij, ij-kaotas, aonargarb.

Aonargarb iae Yrbcb`j 36214 10 99-12Ebvjlhoat-Bkjstb C@, Yjrras-Epaz YG, [jetarj-Bvaebr S, Bhulearb-âebskj GBAe butjkulibij ia eb sbeui y sus slholnlkbijs sjklbeas ao ijkaotas uolvarsltbrlbs ia Gxlkj

BC[YSBKY

Lotrjiukktljo0 Yma jcàktlva jn tmls rasabrkm ls tjbobeyza tma sjklbe gabolohs jn tma mabetm kbra jn uolvar-slty prjnassjrs.Gbtarlbe boi gatmjis0 Rubeltbtlva stuiy, tma stuiy ia-slho ls b kbsa stuiy. Yma uolvarsa wbs kjgpjsai jn alhmtprjnassjrs4 tma sbgpeloh wbs purpjsanue. Yma hbtmarlohlonjrgbtljo takmolqua wbs lo-iaptm lotarvlaws. Yma ra-kjri jn tma lotarvlaws wbs tmrjuhm, tma bobeysls wbs takm-olqua jn tmagbtlk kjotaot bobeysls4 wltm suppjrt jnsjntwbra Btebs tl. 6.8.=1.Sasuets0 . Njr tma tabkmars, boi saen-kbra bra bktlvltlas jrbktljos kbrrlai jut tj kbra njr, prasarva tmalr mabetm, tj ojthat slkd, lt ls b wby jn tbdloh kbra jn mlgsaen jr wltm tmamaep jn sjgajoa, lt ls tma pjwar gbda tmlohs raebtai mls

parsjo bejoa, daap tma mabetm lo tma cast pjsslcea kjoil-tljos boi waenbra, cut ojt joey kbrloh njr tma pmyslkbe ma-betm, besj tma psykmjejhlkbe, splrltube, agjtljobe.Kjokeusljos0 Yma gaboloh jn tma saen-kbra ls raprasaotaicy dojwloh mjw tma prjnassjrs tmlod boi naae lo raebtljotj tma mabetm saen-maep, mjw tmay parkalva boi culei tmasatmagbtlk hlvloh lt b gaboloh, wmlkm tmay mbva bkqulraitmrjuhm tma avjeutljo jn tmalr dojweaiha jn tma rabelty,wmlkm loneuaokas lts bkt boi lo lts iaklsljo-gbdloh.Day wjris0 [jklbe gabolohs, saen kbra, prjnassjrs, our-sloh.

Brtkuej jrlhlobe

Ae butjkulibij ia eb sbeui y susslholnlkbijs sjklbeas ao ijkaotas

uolvarsltbrlbs ia GxlkjButjras

Ebvjlhoat-Bkjstb, C@Irb. ao Klaoklbs ia eb [beui ao ae Yrbcb`j

Nbkuetbi ia Aonargarb

Qolvarslibi arbkruzbobSahlo Vjzb Slkb-Yuxpbo (Gxlkj)

Yjrras-Epaz, YG, [jetarj-Bvaebr, S, Bhulearb-âebskj, GBLostltutj ia Lovastlhbklo ao [beui Jkupbkljobe ia eb Qolvarslibi ia Hubibeb`brb

(Gxlkj)

Yrbzbclelibi ailtjrlbeSakapklo0 23-26-3629Savlslo pjr pbras0 23-63-3621Bkaptbklo nlobe0 36-63-3621

KjrraspjoiaoklbCebokb @uiltm Ebvjlhoat Bkjstb

ebvjlhoatZ3;Fmjtgble.kjg


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Aonargarb iae Yrbcb`j 36214 10 99-12Ebvjlhoat-Bkjstb C@, Yjrras-Epaz YG, [jetarj-Bvaebr S, Bhulearb-âebskj GB

Ae butjkulibij ia eb sbeui y sus slholnlkbijs sjklbeas ao ijkaotas uolvarsltbrlbs ia Gxlkj

Lotrjiukklo

Ebs guàras sa aokuaotrbo losartbs be garkbij ebcjrbejkupboij uo % ia eb pjcebklo akjoglkbgaota bk-tlvb (2). Eb kjostbota lokjrpjrbklo ia ebs guàras be trb-cb`j bsbebrlbij sa rabelzb ia njrgb pbrbeaeb be pasj kbibvaz gs lgpjrtbota iae saktjr sarvlkljs ao eb akjojgb0prktlkbgaota ae =6% ia eb pjcebklo nagaolob jkupbibsa kjokaotrb ao asta saktjr ao ijoia sa iasbrrjeebo ebsprjnasljoas ia eb ijkaoklb. Asta as uo aeagaotj lgpjr-tbota pbrb liaotlnlkbr ae tlpj ia kjoilkljoas ia trbcb`j quaiatarglobo eb sbeui ia ebs guàras trbcb`bijrbs.

As lgpjrtbota gaokljobr qua kjo cbsa b ibtjs prj-

pjrkljobijs pjr ae Lostltutj Obkljobe ia Astbistlkb y Ha-jhrbnb (LOAHL) ao ae Kaosj ia Vjcebklo y ^lvlaoib3626 ia Gxlkj, ebs guàras jkupbo uob pbrta lgpjrtbotaia eb pjcebklo (18.9=2.;68 guàras aqulvbeaota be12,3%), kjo uob ilvarslibi ia prjceagbs ia sbeui (aonar-gaibias kbriljvbskuebras, ilbcatas gaeeltus, tugjras gb-elhojs, aonargaibias karacrjvbskuebras, puegjobrasjcstruktlvbs krolkbs, bkkliaotas, aotra jtrjs), ia qulaoassa iaskjojkao sl eb prktlkb ia butjkulibij (kjoùotj iabktlvlibias eeavbibs b kbcj ia njrgb loiapaoilaota pjruo loilvliuj pbrb prjgjkljobr y gbotaoar ae claoastbr

parsjobe iurbota tjib su vlib) as uo mcltj prasaota aoasta hoarj (3).Ebs ijkaotas uolvarsltbrlbs axprasbo qua iaclij b su

rje ia bgb ia kbsb y ebcjrbe mbo sunrlij prjceagbs iasbeui kjgj astrs, bnakkljoas guskuej-asquaetlkbs, ras-plrbtjrlbs, hbstrjlotastlobeas, ilbcatas, trbstjrojs belgao-tlkljs, vlsubeas, builtlvjs, aotra jtrbs. Eb nbetb ia tlagpjpbrb rabelzbr bktlvlibias rakrabtlvbs y ia jklj mb lgpbk-tbij ao su sbeui (;).

Ao Aonargarb ae butjkulibij axlsta iasia qua mucjoakaslibi ia prjpjrkljobr kulibij, as iaklr, iasia quaaxlsta ae mjgcra ao eb tlarrb. [urhlarjo vbrlbs tarlkbs aoaonargarb qua mbo askrltj, iasia su ranaraota tarlkj ysu axparlaoklb prktlkb, tajrbs ia aonargarb pbrb axpel-kbr ebs raebkljoas y kbrbktarstlkbs ijglobotas qua kjonl-hurbo ebs sltubkljoas ao ae kbgpj ia eb prktlkb. Qob iaebs tajrbs, qulz ia eb qua gs sa mb askukmbij, as eb Ya-jrb iae Inlklt ia Butjkulibij ia Ijrjtab Jrag.Ae butjkulibij as uob uob kjotrlcuklo kjostbota iae lo-ilvliuj b su prjplb axlstaoklb0 "As uob bktlvlibi bprao-ilib pjr ejs loilvliujs, jrlaotbib mbklb uo jcàtlvj. Asuob kjoiuktb qua axlsta ao sltubkljoas kjokratbs ia ebvlib, ilrlhlib pjr ebs parsjobs sjcra s glsgbs, mbklb ejs

iags j mbklb ae aotjroj, pbrb rahuebr ejs nbktjras quabnaktbo b su prjplj iasbrrjeej y nuokljobglaotj ao caoa-nlklj ia su vlib, sbeui j claoastbr" (9).

Ae butjkulibij ia eb sbeui mb slij astuilbij pjr il-varsjs butjras0 Beagby, 366


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haoarbe ia ebs prahuotbs. [a agpeab tbgclo kuboij sacuskb kjojkar eb jplolo ia klartbs parsjobs bkarkb iabeho lostrugaotj qua sa mb ilsabij (1).

Eb pjcebklo pbrtlklpbota astuvj kjonjrgbib pjr ij-kaotas qua ebcjrbo pbrb uob nbkuetbi ia eb Qolvarslibiârbkruzbob uclkbib ao eb rahlo Vjzb Slkb-Yuxpbo, aeparljij ia tlagpj iae astuilj kjgpraoil ia Bhjstj362; b Aoarj 3629. Eb guastrb astuvj kjonjrgbib pjrjkmj ijkaotas uolvarsltbrlbs ia Aonargarb ia tlagpjkjgpeatj, bslhobturb a lotarlojs (pjr mjrbs), kbca gao-kljobr qua ejs prjnasjras pjr bslhobturb sjo kjotrbtbijs

pjr mjrbs y ejs lotarlojs tlaoao bslhobturbs cbsa, kjo uobbotlhaibi ebcjrbe gbyjr ia 3 bjs, slo ilstloklo ia aibi

tlpj ia kjotrbtbklo, iae turoj gbtutloj y vaspartloj, slopbtjejhbs krolkj-iahaoarbtlvbs. Vbrb ae astuilj nua lg-pjrtbota trbcb`br kjo ejs tras tlpjs ia kjotrbtbkljoas iaijkaota yb qua, kbib tlpj ia kjotrbtbklo ast rahlib pjrilvarsjs iarakmjs y jcelhbkljoas, pjr ej tbotj, eb parspak-tlvb ia kbib suàtj as ilnaraota.

Eb tkolkb ia jctaoklo ia lonjrgbklo nua eb aotra-vlstb ao prjnuoilibi, sa kjonjrgbrjo ijs hrupjs kjostl-tulijs pjr 9 ijkaotas kbib uoj, uo hrupj astuvj lotahrbijia bkbiglkjs ia tlagpj kjgpeatj y ae jtrj pjr ijkaotaslotarlojs y ia bslhobturb, eb saeakklo ia ejs ijkaotas sa

eeav b kbcj ao cbsa b ejs krltarljs astbceaklijs y be prj-tjkjej ia rakeutbglaotj.


Ybceb L. Vsauiolgjs y ibtjs sjkljiagjhrnlkjs ia ejs pbrtlklpbotas

[a gboa` uob hub ia aotravlstb eb kube lokeuya ebnakmb y mjrb ia eb aotravlstb, ibtjs sjklj-ebcjrbeas ia ebaotravlstbib kjgj0 psauiolgj, aibi, puastj, ilrakklo,haraoklb j iapbrtbgaotj, uob paquab lotrjiukklo quakjotagpeb ae jcàtlvj iae astuilj, ejs caoanlkljs b jctaoarao cbsa b ejs mbeebzhjs y ejs bspaktjs tlkjs ia eb lovastl-hbklo.

Eb aotravlstb sa ilvlia ao ijs aàs tagtlkjs ae prl-garj as ae claoastbr sucàtlvj y ae sahuoij as ae ia butj-

kulibij ia eb sbeui, ast lokeuya jkmj prahuotbsraebkljobibs kjo qu bkkljoas rabelzbo ebs aotravlstbibspbrb gbotaoar su sbeui.

Ae rahlstrj ia ebs aotravlstbs nua b trbvs ia hrbcbklj-oas ia builj, sa trboskrlclarjo taxtubegaota, ejs ibtjs jc-taolijs sa bobelzbrjo pjr gailj ia eb tkolkb ia boelslsia kjotaolij tagtlkj, ast tkolkb sa aonjkb be astuiljia ejs kjotaolijs ia eb kjguolkbklo mugbob, trbtb ejstaxtjs oj sej kjgj slhojs ijtbijs ia uo slholnlkbij kj-ojklij pjr su aglsjr, sloj kjgj loilkljs qua ilkao sjcraasa glsgj aglsjr (1).

Eb lonjrgbklo jctaolib sa kjilnlk y kbtahjrlz kjo

ae sjntwbra Btebs tl. 8.6.=14 eb eakturb iae taxtj sa mlzj kjoeb liaotlnlkbklo ia tagbs y pbtrjoas kebva, ao cbsa b ebkjilnlkbklo ia ejs ibtjs. [a jrhbolzbrjo, gbolpuebrjo y


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Aonargarb iae Yrbcb`j 36214 10 99-12Ebvjlhoat-Bkjstb C@, Yjrras-Epaz YG, [jetarj-Bvaebr S, Bhulearb-^aebskj GB

Ae butjkulibij ia eb sbeui y sus slholnlkbijs sjklbeas ao ijkaotas uolvarsltbrlbs ia Gxlkj

rakuparbrjo ejs sahgaotjs gs slholnlkbtlvjs ia ejs ibtjs,

bslhooijeas atlquatbs j gagcratas b ejs glsgjs cbso-ijsa ao ejs kjokaptjs astbceaklijs, kjoiaosoijejs aouolibias bobelzbceas kraboij kbtahjrbs kjo ejs ibtjs j bpbrtlr ia aeejs. Kjo aeej sa astbceaklarjo vokuejs aotraejs kilhjs, kbtahjrb ia ejs ibtjs y kjokaptjs.

Ebs kbtahjrbs aokjotrbibs nuarjo ianlolklo, sbeui,btaoklo, bktlvlibi y rapjsj4 eb prlgarb sa ranlara be kjo-kaptj qua tlaoao ebs ijkaotas sjcra ae butjkulibij, eb sa-huoib sa raebkljob kjo ae astbij ia sbeui ia ebsprjnasjrbs, eb btaoklo tlaoa qua var kjo ejs tlpjs j ebsnjrgbs ia bnrjotbr uo prjceagb ia sbeui pjr pbrta ia ebs

ijkaotas, eb kubrtb kbtahjrb sa raebkljob kjo eb mjrb b ebkube sa iasplartbo ebs ijkaotas y qua mbkao kuboij sa ias-plartbo y eb etlgb kbtahjrb sa pebotabo kuastljoas sjcraeb mjrb b eb qua sa bkuastbo ebs ijkaotas y qua rabelzbobotas ia ijrglr.

Vbrb eeavbr b kbcj ae astuilj sa bpahj ao ebs ilspjsl-kljoas qua sa iakebrbo ao eb Eay Haoarbe ia [beui ao aetltuej qulotj, Lovastlhbklo pbrb eb [beui, Kbpltuej olkjao ae brt. 266 y ao ae Sahebgaotj ia eb Eay Haoarbe ia[beui ao Gbtarlb ia Lovastlhbklo pbrb eb [beui, tltuej sa-huoij ao ejs brts. 2;, 29, 28 y 36.

Sasuetbijs

Ianlolklo iae kjokaptj ia butjkulibij

Ao raebklo kjo eb ianlolklo ia butjkulibij, ebs pbr-tlklpbotas raspjoilarjo qua ae butjkulibij ia eb sbeui sjobktlvlibias u bkkljoas qua rabelzbo pbrb kulibr, prasarvbrsu sbeui, pbrb oj aonargbrsa, as uob njrgb ia kulibrsa bs glsgj, Ae butjkulibij sjo ebs bkkljoas j ae kjo`uotjia bkkljoas rabelzbibs aokbglobibs prloklpbegaota pbrbgbotaoar eb sbeui ia tjij loilvliuj, yb sab qua uoj ebsrabelka pjr s glsgj, j qua behulao pjr beho gjtlvj ojsbyuia b rabelzbrebs y ia asb gboarb ga`jrbgjs j gbota-oagjs uo ptlgj astbij ia sbeui, asbs bkkljoas vbo iasiabslstaoklbeas mbstb aiukbtlvbs. (Elels, 2102).Iuargj ebs mjrbs oakasbrlbs, kubo-


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9=

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ij ga prjpjohj uahj cbsquatcje, kbgloj ao ae kbgpj,kjgj gs nrutbs y variurbs. Sbrbgaota kjosugj ranras-kjs y kjglib kmbtbrrb. (Kbgaelb, 2;039).

Ebs ijkaotas kulibo su belgaotbklo, kjklobo ao suskbsbs, su ilatb as cbebokabib-aqulelcrbib-sbob, prjkurbooj kjgar ao eb kbeea y sl ej mbkao slhuao kjo su ilatb, ra-belzbo a`arklklj ilbrlj trbtbo ia kbglobr, prbktlkbr cbs-quatcje, sa rabelzbo kmaquajs gilkjs, bkuiao b kebsas iacblea ia sbeo, iuargao ebs mjrbs oakasbrlbs, rbrbgaotakjosugao ranraskjs y kjglib kmbtbrrb, sa iaspbrbsltbo,bkuiao b ravlsljoas jijotjehlkbs.Btaoklo

Kuboij ebs gbastrbs sa aonargbo eb gbyjrb ebgao-tbceagaota sa butjgailkbo, astj as sa agpbstleebo, tjgbogailkbgaotj, trbtbo ia ijrglr y iaskbosbr pjr su kuaotb,sej tras gbastrbs bkuiao be gilkj ao kubotj kjglaozbob saotlrsa gbe, pbrb tjgbr ae trbtbglaotj biakubij y avltbrbs rlashjs j kjgpelkbkljoas y prbktlkbo eb gailklob be-tarobtlvb, Bkuij be gilkj pbrb qua ga rakata beho ga-ilkbgaota, tbgclo rakurrj b ragailjs kbsarjs, as cuaojprbktlkbr eb gailklob betarobtlvb. (Ibelb, 23039).Bktlvlibi

Ao kubotj b eb bktlvlibi rabelzbib pjr ebs ijkaotas,

qua sa raebkljob kjo eb mjrb b eb kube sa iasplartbo y quambkao kuboij sa iasplartbo, eb mjrb ia iaspartbrsa ia ebsgbastrbs jskleb beraiaijr ia ebs 10;6 j 8 ia eb gbbob, sacbbo (tjij ae bsaj parsjobe), mbkao ae iasbyuoj, sl tlaoaoml`js ejs eavbotbo tbgclo, sa kbgclbo, mby qulaoas eambkao uob jrbklo be krabijr, sl tlaoa pbra`b eb btlaoiao,ao kbsj ia oj taoar rjpb pebokmbib eb pebokmbo, prapbrboae ejokma y s as aotra sagbob sa vbo b trbcb`br.

Ebs gbastrbs kjgaotbo, Ojrgbegaota ga eavbotj bebs >0;6 bg, (Kbgaelb, 2;028), Ojrgbegaota ga ea-vbotj b ebs 1066 b.g., ga astlrj ao eb kbgb, ga aokbotb

astlrbrga, ga raeb`b `b, `b, ga hustb askukmbr kgj gatruaoao ejs muasltjs, (Bzukaob, 28029).Ao raebklo b ej qua rabelzbo kuboij sa iasplartbo

gaokljobo, ojs ibgjs ae casj ia cuaojs ibs, ga quaijklokj gloutjs ao eb kbgb pbrb iaspartbrga clao, ojs ea-vbotbgjs tagprboj pjrqua gl aspjsj aotrb b trbcb`brguy tagprboj, asj aotra sagbob, ea mbhj ia iasbyuobr jea prapbrj uo ejokmakltj, yb ej iasplij y sl sa puaia gabkuastj jtrj rbtltj, sloj puas yb kjglaozj b brrahebrgapbrb lr b trbcb`br y ao nlo ia sagbob beraiaijr ia ebs slatayb agpazbgjs b iaspartbrojs, pbrb var qu as ej qua mb-ragjs y b iasbyuobr (Elels, 21028).Sapjsj

Ebs gbastrbs ao kubotj b su iaskbosj pebotabo kuastljoasraebkljobibs kjgj b eb mjrb b eb qua sa bkuastbo y qua bk-

tlvlibias rabelzbo botas ia ijrglr, eb mjrb b eb qua sa iuar-gao mbcltubegaota as aotra ebs 26 y 22 pg. ia euoas bvlaroas y botas ia ijrglr btlaoiao b sus ml`js y aspjsj,brrahebo uo pjkj eb kbsb, mbkao ia kaobr, prapbrbo ebskjsbs qua vbybo b utlelzbr pbrb ae ib slhulaota, sa cbbo,vao taeavlslo, eaao, razbo, sl tlaoao bktlvlibias paoilao-tas iae trbcb`j ebs rabelzbo ao sus kbsbs, boibo ao ebs raiassjklbeas.

Ojs ijrglgjs b gs tbribr b ebs joka, botas ia ijr-glr kaobgjs, ojs cbbgjs, y ojs bkjstbgjs b var taea-vlslo b g ga hustb gukmj var eb taeavlslo, y ga hustbvar ia tjij slagpra qua ga bhrbia j sa ga mbhb lotara-

sbota, y yb kuboij taoagjs suaj gl aspjsj y yj ojsibgjs ae casj ia cuaobs ojkmas. (Elels, 2102=).

Vbiazkj losjgolj krolkj pbrb gl iashrbklb, pjr ejtbotj ga iuargj mbstb ebs ijka ia eb ojkma j gs tbria,yb astjy bkjstugcrbib ol gjij (Boirjgaib, 2=032). [apuaia var qua ae parsjobe ijkaota iaskbosb guy pjkj ia-clij b ebs getlpeas bktlvlibias y nuokljoas qua anaktbo,y mbstb sa prasaotb ae losjgolj ao behuobs ia aeebs.

Ilskuslo

Ae butjkulibij as uob uob kjotrlcuklo kjostbota iaeloilvliuj b su prjplb axlstaoklb0 as uob bktlvlibi bprao-ilib pjr ejs loilvliujs, jrlaotbib mbklb uo jc`atlvj. Asuob kjoiuktb qua axlsta ao sltubkljoas kjokratbs ia ebvlib, ilrlhlib pjr ebs parsjobs sjcra s glsgbs, mbklb ejsiags j mbklb ae aotjroj, pbrb rahuebr ejs nbktjras quabnaktbo b su prjplj iasbrrjeej y nuokljobglaotj ao caoa-nlklj ia su vlib, sbeui j claoastbr (9).

Ae tjtbe ia ijkaotas raspjoilaro qua pbrb aeebs ae bu-tjulibij, sjo bktlvlibias u bkkljoas qua rabelzbo pbrbkulibr, prasarvbr su sbeui, pbrb oj aonargbrsa, as uob

njrgb ia kulibrsa b s glsgj j kjo byuib ia behulao, asae pjiar rabelzbr ebs kjsbs raebkljobibs su parsjob pjr ssjeb, gbotaoar eb sbeui ao ebs ga`jras kjoilkljoas pjsl-ceas y ae claoastbr, parj oj sjebgaota kulibr eb sbeui n-slkb, tbgclo eb pslkjehlkb, asplrltube, agjkljobe.

Vjr su pbrta Euhj y Yjrras ranlarao ao su astuilj quaejs ijkaotas kjoklcao b su sbeui gaotbe kjgj eb kbpbkl-ibi ia saotlr claoastbr pjr ej qua mbo axprasbij0 \j krajqua uo loilklj ia eb sbeui gaotbe as eb kbpbklibi ia saotlrclaoastbr, bnaktj, kjgprjglsj kjoslhj glsgj y kjo ejsiags y qua ejs iags parklcbo qua asj as bs, Gl sbeuigaotbe mb taoilij be claoastbr (>).

Mbo axprasbij qua eb sbeui gaotbe as uob kjoilklocljehlkb, glaotrbs qua jtrjs mbo gbolnastbij qua ebsbeui gaotbe be oj taoar claoastbr, gjtlvbij b ejs prjcea-


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9/AK IAE VBSEBGAOYJ AQ-SJVAJ \ IAE KJO[A@J ia 8 ia saptlagcra ia 3661raebtlvb be rakjojklglaotj ia kubelnlkbkljoas prjnasljob-eas, sa jkupb iae rakjojklglaotj ia kubelnlkbkljoas prj-nasljobeas ia prjnasljoas rahuebibs qua taohbo raebklokjo eb sbeui j eb sahurlibi pcelkbs. Sahueb ao su Boaxj^ ebs sboltbrlbs (aotra jtrbs)0 njrgbklo cslkb ia gilkj,njrgbklo ia gilkj aspaklbelstb, iaojglobkljoas ia ebs

njrgbkljoas ao gailklob aspaklbelzbib (iastbkboij Ga-ilklob iae Yrbcb`j, axlstaota ao tjijs ejs Astbijs axkaptjAstjolb), njrgbklo ao gailklob haoarbe, aonargarj ras-pjosbcea ia kulibijs haoarbeas, jijotejhj, jijotejhjaspaklbelstb, vatarlobrlj, gbtrjob y nbrgbkutlkj.

Asta brtkuej trbtb ia askebrakar ejs kbsjs oj rahuebijspjr astb Ilraktlvb, kjokratbgaota ae rakjojklglaotj iaettuej ia Aonargarb/j iae Yrbcb`j, ejs pbsas ao ejs quaaxlsta, eb rahuebklo y eb gboarb ia jctaoar ae rakjojkl-glaotj pbrb pjiar a`arkar ao aeejs.Vbebcrbs kebva0 Aonargarb iae trbcb`j, Sakjojklglaotj

Aonargarj aspaklbelstb.

BC[YSBKY

ILSAKYL^A 3661/;>/AK JN YMA AQSJVABOVBSELBGAOY BOI JN YMA KJQOKLE jn 8 [aptag-car 3661 jo tma rakjholtljo jn prjnassljobe qubelnlkbtljos,tbdas gbttar jo tma rakjholtljo jn prjnassljobe qubelnlkb-tljos njr rahuebtai prjnassljos mbvloh pucelk mabetm jr sb-naty lgpelkbtljos. Lo tma Booax ^ rahuebtas tma mabetmprjnassljos (bgjoh jtmars)0 njrgbe qubelnlkbtljos lo cbslkgailkbe trbloloh, njrgbe qubelnlkbtljos jn spaklbelsai ijk-tjrs, trbloloh kjursas lo spaklbelsai gailkloa (wmarastbois jut Jkkupbtljobe Gailkloa, tmbt axlsts lo bee tmaGagcar [tbtas axkapt njr Astjolb), njrgbe qubelnlkbtljos

Yrbzbclelibi ailtjrlbeSakapklo0 33-6


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1;

33

Aonargarb iae Yrbcb`j 36214 10 13-11Yjrras, E, [arrboj , B, Bpbrlklj, K, Gaej, NA, Kruz, \O

Sakjojklglaotj iae ttuej ia Aonargarb iae Yrbcb`j b olvae ia eb Qolo Aurjpab

Gbtarlbe y gtjijs

Savlslo clceljhrnlkb ia ebs pucelkbkljoas ia ejs e-tlgjs ilaz bjs.

Savlslo ia eb ojrgbtlvb vlhaota y bpelkbcea b olvaeaurjpaj.

Kjgpbrbklo ia eb eahlsebklo ia vbrljs pbsas ao ra-ebklo be a`arklklj ia eb prjnaslo y ia eb aspaklbelibi slaxlsta, yb ast rahuebib pjr ae Kjeahlj astbtbe j pjr ae Gl-olstarlj kjrraspjoilaota.

Sasuetbijs

Ejs gstar y ijktjrbijs ao aonargarb axlstaotasiasia 366> ao Aspbb oj supjoao ao oloho kbsj eb aqul-vbeaoklb b ejs ttuejs ia aspaklbelstb(3).Axlstao tras slstagbs pbrb ae rakjojklglaotj ia ttuejs0

2.- Sakjojklglaotj butjgtlkj. Vbrb prjnasljoas ao ebsqua sa mbo kjosaosubij ejs kjojklglaotjs j astuiljs g-olgjs. Vjr a`agpej prjnasljoas sboltbrlbs j brqultakturb.3.- Ae slstagb haoarbe pbrb jtrbs prjnasljoas rahuebibs.;.- Sakjojklglaotj ao cbsa b eb axparlaoklb prjnasljobepbrb klartbs bktlvlibias prjnasljobeas.

Astjs trgltas oj sjo bpelkbceas pbrb mjgjejhbr uottuej ia aspaklbelstb ao Klaoklbs ia eb [beui jctaolij aoAstbijs oj glagcrjs ia eb Qolo Aurjpab, b ejs qua sabpelkb ae Sabe Iakratj 91 ia Bcrle(;).

Oj axlsta uob cbsa kjgo aurjpab qua iatargloa ebsnuokljoas iae parsjobe ia aonargarb, pjr tbotj, ebs ras-pjosbclelibias y ebs kjgpataoklbs sjo ilstlotbs ao nuo-klo ia eb eahlsebklo ia kbib pbs y ia ebs ojrgbtlvbsaspaknlkbs(9).

Oj axlsta uob cbsa kjgo qua iatargloa ebs nuoklj-oas iae aspaklbelstb ao aonargarb iae trbcb`j(1), buoquaebs jcelhbkljoas prloklpbeas sjo guy slglebras0 prjgj-klo y aiukbklo pbrb eb sbeui, pravaoklo, vlhleboklb iaeb sbeui y kjosa`j, iacaras biglolstrbtlvjs, prlgarjs bu-xleljs... kbca iastbkbr qua ao eb gbyjrb ia pbsas kjostbaotra ebs bktlvlibias eb rambcleltbklo b ilnaraoklb ia As-pbb y ae kbsj ia Nloeboilb, qua b ilnaraoklb ia eb gbyjrbtlaoa iacaras y bktlvlibias raebkljobibs kjo aotravlstbs,hastlo ia krlsls, lovastlhbklo y iasbrrjeej, bgclaota iatrbcb`j y mbclelibias ia hastlo(>).

Ejs hrbijs prjnasljobeas j ebs aspaklbelibias, sjoilstlotbs ao kbib pbs(8)(=)(


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19Aonargarb iae Yrbcb`j 36214 10 13-11Yjrras, E, [arrboj , B, Bpbrlklj, K, Gaej, NA, Kruz, \OSakjojklglaotj iae ttuej ia Aonargarb iae Yrbcb`j b olvae ia eb Qolo Aurjpab

3;

ia ejs prjnasljobeas iaotrj ia eb Qolo Aurjpab, vaeboijpjr eb prjtakklo ia ejs pbklaotas be glsgj tlagpj(2;).

Ilskuslo

Ae bj 362; rahlstr uob gailb ia 29.9.).

As oakasbrlj ae iasbrrjeej ia uob ojrgbtlvb kjgo

aurjpab qua rahuea ebs nuokljoas y kjgpataoklb ia aonar-garb, ebs ilstlotbs aspaklbelibias, ebs raspjosbclelibiasy ejs gtjijs ia kjovbelibklo ilraktb pbrb ejs ilstlotjsaspaklbelstbs.

Clceljhrbnb

2.- Ilraktlvb 3661/;>/AK IAE VBSEBGAOYJ AQSJ-VAJ \ IAE KJO[A@J ia 8 ia saptlagcra ia 3661 raeb-tlvb be rakjojklglaotj ia kubelnlkbkljoas prjnasljobeas.Ilbrlj jnlklbe ia eb Qolo Aurjpab. E311/33. ;6.ZAK.pin

3.- Pbcbeahul, B., Gbklb, E., Gbrquaz, @., Slkjg, S.,Sulo, K., Gbrlskbe, L., at be. Kmbohas lo Oursloh Aiukbtljolo tma Aurjpabo Qoljo. @jurobe Jn Oursloh [kmjebrsmlp,366>4 ;=03, 229-22=. Ilspjolcea ao0mttp0//nbkuety.dsu.aiu.sb/mlsmbg/Ijkugaots/Gail-kbe%36Aiukbtljo/Aohelsm/Oursloh%36Aiukbtljo/8


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11 Aonargarb iae Yrbcb`j 36214 10 13-11Yjrras, E, [arrboj , B, Bpbrlklj, K, Gaej, NA, Kruz, \O

Sakjojklglaotj iae ttuej ia Aonargarb iae Yrbcb`j b olvae ia eb Qolo Aurjpab

39

nargarbs. 366;-kla/2288-362;-r%K;%B


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1>Aonargarb iae Yrbcb`j 36214 10 1>-1=Ebgalrj, K, Hgaz, K, Iae Kbgpj, Îargbtltls pjr saoslclelzbklo be gatlelsjtlbzjelojob0 B prjpsltj ia uo kbsj

31

Lotrjiukklo

Eb gatlelsjtlbzjelojob as uo kjosarvbota qua sa bbiab ougarjsjs prjiuktjs, tbotj loiustrlbeas, kjgj mlhlaoay iargjkjsgtlkb pjr su bktlvlibi cljklib. [lotatlzbijao ejs bjs >6, y gs bgpelbgaota utlelzbij iasia ejs =6,as uo iarlvbij ia eb lsjtlbzjelob (Nlhurb 2) qua pjsaa uobhrbo kbpbklibi pbrb prjvjkbr saoslclelzbklo ao eb plae yjrlhlobr bnakkljoas iargbtjehlkbs ia tlpj berhlkj2.

Nlhurb 2. Nrgueb ia eb Gatlelsjtlbzjelojob

Iaskrlpklo iae Kbsj

Yrbcb`bijrb ia uo mjspltbe, ia kbtahjrb kaebijrb quabkuia b ouastrj sarvlklj pjr prasaotbr iasia mbka vbrljsibs easljoas arltagjpbpuejsbs ao ae ijrsj ia bgcbsgbojs y kbrb pjstarljr ia botacrbzjs. Bota eb sjspakmbia uob lonakklo pjr [brkjptas skbclal (bhaota prjiuktjria eb sbrob mugbob), sa iakebr uob aonargaibi prjnaslj-obe ao astuilj pjr bhaotas lonakkljsjs, iarlvoijsa be sar-

vlklj ia Iargbtjejhb pbrb kjonlrgbklo ilbhostlkb y /jvbejrbklo iae kbsj.

Ao ilkmj sarvlklj, sa iaskbrt ae kbrktar lonakkljsjiae kubirj, kjosliaroijsa kjgj uo akzagb ilsmlirtlkj,pbutoijsa trbtbglaotj kjo kjrtlkjlias tplkjs. Bsl-glsgj, y be mbcar slij vbejrbib ao ijs jkbsljoas pravlbsao asta sarvlklj, sa iaklil su iarlvbklo b eb Qolibi iaBearhlb ia Kjotbktj. Iasia ae sarvlklj ia pravaoklo iarlashjs ebcjrbeas sa iasastlg eb kjotlohaoklb prjnasljobeao astuilj y eb trbcb`bijrb sa ralokjrpjrj b su puastj.

Yras sagbobs gs tbria, eb trbcb`bijrb vjevl b bkuilrb ouastrj sarvlklj prasaotboij axbkarcbklo ia ebs gls-gbs easljoas, bkjgpbbib ia prurltj lotaosj. [a astuilao eb bobgoasls kubeqular kbgclj ia prjkailglaotj ao aetrbcb`j, j prjiuktj utlelzbij, oj mbeeoijsa olohuob gj-ilnlkbklo qua ùstlnlkbsa eb slotjgbtjejhb. Ejs hubotasqua utlelzbcb ao su bktlvlibi arbo slottlkjs y slo pjevj.Bota eb sjspakmb ia uob bnakklo ia jrlhao ebcjrbe (eb trb-cb`bijrb prasaotbcb ga`jrb iurbota ae parljij ia lokb-pbklibi tagpjrbe LY- y iaskbosjs ebcjrbeas) sa iakebruob sahuoib aonargaibi prjnasljobe ao astuilj, iarlvo-

ijsa ouavbgaota be sarvlklj ia Iargbtjejhb. Yrbs eb vb-ejrbklo, sa rabelzbo pruacbs aplkutoabs ia berhaojs,kjo rasuetbij ia saoslclelzbklo be Gatlelsjtlbzjelojob

Kbsj keolkj

Iargbtltls pjr saoslclelzbklo begatlelsjtlbzjelojob0 B prjpsltj ia uo kbsj

Butjras

Ebgalrj, K, Hgaz, K, Iae Kbgpj, ^Qolibi Vravaoklo ia Slashjs Ebcjrbeas / [arvlklj ia Gailklob Vravaotlvb - Kjgpea`j Mjspltbebrlj Qolvarsltbrlj ia ^lhj

Mjspltbe GalxjalrjKjrraspjoiaoklb0 Kbrgao Ebgalrj lebrlj

Aonargarb iae Yrbcb`j

kbrgao.ebgalrj.vlebrlojFsarhbs.as

Eb bpbrlklo ia slotjgbtjejhb sa prjiuka ao parsj-obs qua, pjr gjtlvjs ebcjrbeas j oj ebcjrbeas, sa axpjoaoia njrgb raltarbib b ilkmb sustboklb b kjokaotrbkljoascb`bs, astlgoijsa tbsbs ia saoslclelzbklo ia uo 3-9% aopbklaotas b ejs qua sa bpelkbo pruacbs aplkutoabs2,3. Bolvae ebcjrbe astb pravbeaoklb as gbyjr, aokjotroijsapjrkaotbàs iae 92%2. Ougarjsjs astuiljs guastrbo uob

taoiaoklb kraklaota ia bpbrlklo ia kbsjs ao ejs etlgjsbjs3-9. Mb slij ojgcrbib berhaoj iae bj 362; pjr eb[jklaibi Bgarlkbob ia Iargbtltls ia Kjotbktj.


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18 Aonargarb iae Yrbcb`j 36214 10 1>-1=Ebgalrj, K, Hgaz, K, Iae Kbgpj, ^

Iargbtltls pjr saoslclelzbklo be gatlelsjtlbzjelojob0 B prjpsltj ia uo kbsj

3>

kjo raeavboklb jkupbkljobe, ibib eb prasaoklb ia astb sus-tboklb ao vbrljs prjiuktjs utlelzbijs ao su bktlvlibi eb-cjrbe pbrb mlhlaoa ia gbojs ia ejs trbcb`bijras (`bco ykragb ia gbojs) a mlhlaoa ia ejs pbklaotas (hae, ejklomlirbtbota kjrpjrbe, kjejolb y aspjo`bs bcjojsbs). Kjgjgailib prljrltbrlb sa ea rakjglaoib avltbr ae kjotbktj kjoprjiuktjs qua eeavao asta kjosarvbota. Eb trbcb`bijrb par-gboaka ao LY pjr aonargaibi prjnasljobe pjr bhaotas qu-glkjs ia cb`j pasj gjeakuebr. Yrbs su ga`jrb sa rabelzbbiakubklo ia puastj, kjo ae nlo ia lgpailr ae kjotbktjkjo eb sustboklb saoslclelzbota.

Iargbtltls pjr saoslclelzbklo b Lsjtlbzjelojobs ao trb-

cb`bijras sboltbrljs

Ejs cljklibs sjo aeagaotjs loilspaosbceas ao eb nb-crlkbklo ia prjiuktjs ia cbsa bkujsb pbrb avltbr eb prj-elnarbklo ia cbktarlbs, behbs y jtrjs jrhbolsgjs. Aotraejs kjgpuastjs bprjcbijs kjgj kjosarvbotas pbrb astanlo asto eb gazkeb gatlekejrjlsjtlbzjeljob/gatlelsjtlbzj-elojob (GKL/GL, kjojklib kjgj Dbtmjo KH) y eb gatl-elsjtlbzjelojob (GL). Astbs sustboklbs puaiao utlelzbrsa aoijs tlpjs ia prjiuktjs0 ejs qua sunrlro uo pjstarljr bkeb-rbij (rlosa-jnn), kjgj bcjoas equlijs, haeas y kmbgps,

y bquaeejs qua pargboakaro ao eb plae (eabva-jo), kjgjkragbs nbklbeas, kjrpjrbeas j sjebras3.Ao ae gailj sboltbrlj puaiao asto prasaotas ao prj-

iuktjs pbrb mlhlaoa ia trbcb`bijras, ia pbklaotas, bskjgj prjiuktjs ia elgplazb y `bcjoas pbrb ae ebvbij iarjpb. Eb axpjslklo raltarbib b astjs prjiuktjs puaia ias-aokbiaobr uo kubirj ia bearhlb ia kjotbktj. Ao ejs etl-gjs bjs sa mbo ilbhojstlkbij 3> kbsjs ao trbcb`bijrassboltbrljs kjo saoslclelzbklo b Gatlelsjtlbzjelojob ao aerab ia ^lhj1, ej qua mb gjtlvbij eb sjelkltui ia sustltu-klo ia bquaeejs prjiuktjs kjo asta kjosarvbota iasia

ejs sarvlkljs ia Iargbtjejhb y pravaoklo ia rlashjs eb-cjrbeas.Nlhurb 3. Iargbtltls pjr Gatlelsjtlbzjelojob

Ebs gbolnastbkljoas keolkbs ia iargbtltls pjr sao-slclelzbklo b GL/GKL sa prasaotbo haoarbegaota ao

njrgb easljoas akzagbtjsbs y/j prurlhlojsbs ao vbrlbspbrtas iae kuarpj, slaoij ebs gbojs eb ejkbelzbklo prlo-klpbe tbotj b olvae haoarbe kjgj ebcjrbe, sahulib ia bota-crbzjs y kbrb. Ojrgbegaota sjo easljoas ia ebrhj tlagpjia avjeuklo y raslstaotas b trbtbglaotjs; (Nlhurb 3).

Vbrb ae kjrraktj ilbhostlkj sa praklsb uob mlstjrlbkeolkb kjgpeatb ao eb qua sa lokeulro tjijs ejs prjiuktjsutlelzbijs b olvae ebcjrbe y oj ebcjrbe, bs kjgj kbgcljsia mcltjs j brtkuejs. Ae ilbhostlkj ianloltlvj sa rabelzbkjo eb rabelzbklo ia pruacbs aplkutoabs, trbs ebs kubeas,

y ia sar pjsltlvbs, as nuoibgaotbe eb csquaib iae bhaotakbusbe ia eb slotjgbtjejhb. Vbrb aeej sa ea plia be pbklaotaqua bpjrta ebs atlquatbs ia tjijs ejs prjiuktjs qua astutlelzboij, puiloijsa ia asta gjij bvarlhubr kue iaaeejs ast lgpelkbij ao ae jrlhao iae kubirj;.

Ao eb bktubelibi eb GKL/GL ast lokeulib ao eb cbtarbastoibr iae Hrupj Aspbje ia Lovastlhbklo ao Iargb-tltls ia Kjotbktj y Bearhlb Kutoab (HALIBK), bs kjgjtbgclo ao eb cbtarb Aurjpab.

Ae trbtbglaotj prloklpbe as avltbr ae kjotbktj kjo aesaoslclelzbota, lostruyoijea ao eb eakturb ia tjibs ebs atl-

quatbs ia prjiuktjs qua vbyb b utlelzbr y bivlrtloijea iaeb pjslclelibi ia bpbrlklo iae kjgpuastj kjo ilnaraotasiaojglobkljoas (Nlhurb ;). Ilkmb avltbklo iaca rabel-zbrsa oj sej ao su ijglklelj, sloj ao kubeqular jtrj euhbr,kjgj trbcb`j, mjtaeas, rastburbotas, atk.; Eb axpjslkloraltarbib be saoslclelzbota prjvjkbr uo bhrbvbglaotjkbib vaz gbyjr ia eb slotjgbtjejhb.

B olvae ebcjrbe, sa elgltbr ae usj ia prjiuktjs kjoastjs kjosarvbotas, lokeuyaoij uob biakubklo ia puastjia trbcb`j, kuboij ilkmj kjotbktj oj puaib sar avltbij.

Nlhurb ;. Iaojglobkljoas ia lsjtlbzjelojobs qua

puaiao bpbrakar ao atlquatbij ia prjiuktjs

3-gatbe-9-lsjtmlbzjelo-;-joa4 Bktlklia4 Behukli KM16 Bgarstbt 3164 Auxye D 2664 Ke+Ga-lsjtmlbzjelojoa4 Naoojsbo LY 324 Hrjtbo D4 Hrjtbo YD34

HS =1> Lzjelo4 Dbtjo ==> GX4 Dbtjo KH4

Nuaota0 Ealvb-[belobs G, at be. Bktubelzbklo ao eb iargbtltls ia kjotbktj ber-hlkb pjr gatlelkejrjlxjtlbzjelojob/gatlelsjtlzjelojob. Bktbs Iargjslnleljhr.3629


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1=Aonargarb iae Yrbcb`j 36214 10 1>-1=Ebgalrj, K, Hgaz, K, Iae Kbgpj, ^Iargbtltls pjr saoslclelzbklo be gatlelsjtlbzjelojob0 B prjpsltj ia uo kbsj

38

Dbtmjo IV4 Dbtmjo E] 4 Dbt-mjo QY4 Dbtmjo XY 4 Garhbe D84 Gatbt HY 4 Gatbtlo HY4 Gatmyelsjtmlbzjelojoa4 Gltkj KK ;3 E4 Vbratje Vbrgatje IN ;1, -IN 23, -B3;, -D16, -D96, -IN 2=4 V; Guetbo I4 Vlrjr V26


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16

3 tagbs.

Aonargarb iae Yrbcb`j 36214 10 19Sjgarj, GEbs Vbebcrbs Kebva ao eb eltarbturb klaotnlkb

Nlhurb 3. Ga[M kjgj iaskrlptjras iae tasburus ia eb OEG (Obtljobe Elcrbry Gailkloa) ia Gaieloa

Kgj agpeabr kjrraktbgaota ebs Vbebcrbs

Kebva:

Magjs vlstj qua ebs VK sjo trglojs nuoibgaotbeaspbrb loiaxbr ejs brtkuejs klaotnlkjs y, pjr tbotj, pbrbpjiar ejkbelzbrejs pjr kubeqular usubrlj ao kubeqular pbrtaiae guoij. Vjr tjij aeej, ebs VK iacao sar uovjkbs yaxbktbs pbrb avltbr arrjras ao ejs prjkasjs ia jriaobkloy csquaib ia brkmlvjs. J sab, kuboij askrlclgjs uo br-tkuej klaotnlkj, tbo lgpjrtbota as raspatbr ebs ojrgbs iapucelkbklo ia uob ravlstb kjgj agpeabr ebs VK biakub-ibs. Bs, ebs ojrgbs ia pucelkbklo ia ravlstbs klaotnlkbsaxlhao qua kjgj VK sa agpeaao trglojs iae Ga[M.Varj, kgj pjiagjs sbcar sl ebs VK sjo trglojs iaeGa[M:

Vbrb aeej, axpjohbgjs ae slhulaota aàgpej. Lgbhl-oagjs qua astbgjs rabelzboij uo astuilj ia lovastlhbklosjcra prilib builtlvb y axpjslklo b rulij ebcjrbe ao trb-cb`bijras iae saktjr gatberhlkj.Yaoiragjs qua ibr ejs slhulaotas pbsjs02) Saibktbr ebs pbebcrbs kebva iaotrj ia uo eaohubà ob-

turbe, kjgj pjr aàgpej0 Vrilib builtlvb, trbcb`bijrasia eb gatbeurhlb, sbeui ebcjrbe, aonargarb iae trbcb`j.3) Yrbosnjrgbr ebs VK b Iaskrlptjras ia [beui (IaK[).

Vbrb aeej, iacagjs aotrbr ao eb wac ia ejs Iaskrlptjrasao Klaoklbs ia eb [beui (C^[) bkkaslcea ao eb slhulaotailrakklo0 mttp0//iaks.cvs.cr/A/mjgapbhaa.mtg, y b kjo-tloubklo sahulr ebs loilkbkljoas qua sa guastrbo0


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>2

;6

Aonargarb iae Yrbcb`j 36214 10 19Sjgarj, G

Ebs Vbebcrbs Kebva ao eb eltarbturb klaotnlkb


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>3Aonargarb iae Yrbcb`j 36214 10 19Sjgarj, GEbs Vbebcrbs Kebva ao eb eltarbturb klaotnlkb

;2

Ia astb gboarb yb magjs kjosahulij ae prlgar IaK[. Vbrb prilib builtlvb, ae IaK[ as Vrilib builtlvb prj-vjkbib pjr rulij. Biags, kjgj pjsaa uo liaotlnlkbijr olkj (I66>;28), ae IaK[ kjloklia kjo ae Ga[M, qua aoasta kbsj sarb Mabrloh Ejss, Ojlsa-Loiukai.

B kjotloubklo, sahulragjs trbosnjrgbij ebs slhulaotas VK ao IaK[ y vlaoij sl tlaoao liaotlnlkbij olkj (Ga[M).

Eb tbceb nlobe jctaolib sarb0.


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>; Aonargarb iae Yrbcb`j 36214 10 19Sjgarj, G

Ebs Vbebcrbs Kebva ao eb eltarbturb klaotnlkb

Vjiagjs kjgprjcbr qua ejs Ga[M bpbrakao rabegaota ao Gaieloa. Vbrb aeej, aotrbgjs ao eb ilrakklowww.okcl.oeg.olm.hjv/pucgai y sahulgjs ejs pbsjs0

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Sanaraoklbs

2- Xboiao-Carhma K, ^alhb ia Kbcj @, [boz-^bearj @,

Vraz ia eb Kruz B,Kueacrbs @, Hbrkb ia Ejraozj B, at

be. Ia eb prahuotb ia lovastlhbklo b eb akubklo iacs-

quaib clceljhrnlkb0 ejs Iaskrlptjras ao ebs Klaoklbs ia

eb Outrlklo. [boz- bearj @, Xboiao-Carhma K, kjjrilob-

ijras. Gbirli0 Hrupj ia Kjguolkbklo y Ijkugaotbklo

Klaotnlkb aoOutrlklo (KIK Out [AOVA)4 366=.

3- Gbrkj Hjozeaz Yjus, G.[k. [belg Gbttbr , Vm.I.

Sav.G^PKrijcb 28(3)039Aonargarb iae Yrbcb`j 36214 10 19Sjgarj, GEbs Vbebcrbs Kebva ao eb eltarbturb klaotnlkb

;;


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>1 Aonargarb iae Yrbcb`j 36214 10 >1Sayas Savuaetb, @N

Vjr qu agpazbsta b cuskbr jtrj trbcb`j:

Kbrtb be ilraktjr

Vjr qu agpazbsta b cuskbr jtrjtrbcb`j:

Butjras

Sayas Savuaetb, @NAspaklbelstb ao Aonargarb iae Yrbcb`j

Vrjotj vb b kugpelrsa uo bj iae ib ao qua ia` gltrbcb`j ao uo sarvlklj ia pravaoklo b`aoj pbrb trbcb`brkjgj aonargarj bslstaoklbe ao uo mjspltbe pcelkj ia ebsbolibi ia gl kjguolibi butojgb. Iakli eeavbrga gltbeaotj b jtrj euhbr. Kjo tbeaotj oj ga ranlarj b haolbel-ibi, sloj b uob sugb ia bspaktjs tbo vbrlbijs kjgj gj-tlvbklo, aoarhb, jrhueej, hbobs ia trbcb`br, ilsnrutbr kjoej qua sa mbka, tjgbr raspjosbclelibias y sbcar qua ej quambhj as lgpjrtbota. Ao tjtbe nuarjo ijs bjs ejs qua ias-agpa gl ebcjr kjgj aspaklbelstb ao Aonargarb iae Yrb-

cb`j rabelzboij, nuoibgaotbegaota, uob tbrab0 axgaoasia sbeui. Qo ib ao eb keolkb, jtrj ib ao uob uolibigvle, jtrj ib ao uo aqulpj gvle. Eeahu b rakjrrargatjibs ebs kbrratarbs y ejs puacejs y agprasbs gs lgpjr-tbotas ia gl prjvloklb be gaojs ao tras jkbsljoas. Ojglaotj sl bigltj qua agpak kjo gukmb leuslo y hbobspjr mbkar clao gl trbcb`j, pjr bpraoiar, pjr sar pjsltlvj,bhrbibcea kjo ejs kelaotas, jrhbolzbij y uo cuao kjgpb-arj, parj prjotj sa ravae bota g eb kruib ia eb rabelibi,qua be lhube qua yj vlvao tjijs ejs ibs klaotjs ia aonar-garjs iae trbcb`j pjr tjij ae pbs. Ej olkj qua prlgbcbpbrb eb ilrakklo ia gl agprasb arbo kjokaptjs kjgj ebraotbclelibi akjoglkb, ae rabelzbr kbib ib gs rakjoj-klglaotjs, eb sjcra-kltbklo y ae mbkar kbib vaz gs, kjoej glsgj j lokeusj kjo gaojs tlagpj y rakursjs. Jtrjskjokaptjs ao gl jplolo lgpjrtbotas, kjgj eb kbelibi iaejs kulibijs qua jnrakb, qua sa kjotbrb kjo eb jploloiae parsjobe sboltbrlj j ae ilspjoar ia uo pjkj ia tlagpjpbrb pjiar kmbrebr, kjovarsbr, ga`jrbr j bpraoiar oj sasltubcbo yb ol ao uo kubrtj j qulotj peboj pbrb gl ag-prasb. Sasuetbcb pbrbi`lkj qua trbtoijsa ia uo sarvlkljia pravaoklo, oj sa prajkupbrbo ia qua su prjplb jrhb-olzbklo nuarb uob jrhbolzbklo sbeuibcea.

Sakuarij kue nua eb prahuotb qua ga mlzj ae Ilraktjria eb iaeahbklo kuboij aotr ao su iaspbkmj pbrb kjgao-tbrea qua ia`bcb ae trbcb`j0 Kue as eb rbzo pjr eb qua

ia`bs ouastrb agprasb:. Qob prahuotb arroab qua eakjoiu`j b uob raspuastb arroab. Vjrqua ma aokjotrbijuob jpjrtuolibi ga`jr, gs karkb ia gl kbsb, qua sa bkj-peb ga`jr b gl kbpbklibias. Vasa b qua arb klartj oj earanea`bcb ae varibiarj prjceagb qua axlstb ao su jrhbol-zbklo. Eb prahuotb cuaob muclarb slij Vjr qu agpa-zbsta b cuskbr jtrj trbcb`j:. stb prahuotb as eb qua eamuclarb iavuaetj uob raspuastb lokgjib, eb qua ea mbcrbpuastj ae njkj beugcrboij ae varibiarj prjceagb0 uokelgb losjstaolcea iaotrj iae aotjroj ia trbcb`j, uo elia-

rbzhj txlkj, uo kjonelktj ia vbejras kjo eb kjgpbb...Mbstb qu puotj qularao astbs agprasbs kjojkar var-ibiarbgaota eb rabelibi iae ib b ib qua vlvao sus trbcb-`bijras: Ru glaij lokjosklaota eas avltb prahuotbr iavaribi pjr ejs gjtlvjs rabeas iae bcboijoj ia uo ag-peabij: Ru eas lgplia kjovartlrsa ao jrhbolzbkljoassbeuibceas, kjo agpeabijs naelkas y prjiuktlvjs: Ebs ag-prasbs iacao prajkupbrsa pjr su haota. Eb jcsaslo pjreb raotbclelibi y pjr eeaobr kbib gloutj, kbib sahuoij iatrbcb`j prjiuktlvj ast kjovlrtlaoij eb aonargarb iae trb-cb`j ao astjs sarvlkljs ia pravaoklo ao uob prjnaslo bk-tlvb parj iasvlokuebib ia ejs jc`atlvjs ia eb agprasb, slobegb, bsnlxlbib, qua plaria b kmjrrjs ilholibi, btrbktlvj,kbelibi y kjoilkljoas ia trbcb`j biakubibs.Behj iacarb ia kbgclbr, uo cuao kjglaozj pjirb sarqua kbib vaz qua uo agpeabij bcboijobrb su agprasbsa ea prahuotbsa0 Vjr qu agpazbsta b cuskbr jtrj trb-cb`j:

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enfermería del trabajo, volumen 5, número 2

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