embarazo ectopico cervical 1

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EMBARAZO ECTOPICO CERVICAL

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Page 1: Embarazo Ectopico Cervical 1

EMBARAZO ECTOPICOCERVICAL

Page 2: Embarazo Ectopico Cervical 1

Es la implantación del óvulo fecundado en el canal cervical

Page 3: Embarazo Ectopico Cervical 1

RELEVANCIAEn EUA

3.5 defunciones por 1,000 casos en los años 70’s

0.5 defunciones por 1,000 casos en el 2,000

Cuando se presenta constituye importante causa de morbimortalidad materna, debido a hemorragia.

Page 4: Embarazo Ectopico Cervical 1

EMBARAZOS ECTOPICOS93% Ampulares4% Istmicos2.37% Intersticiales

(Cornuales)0.5% Ováricos0.1% Cervicales0.03% Abdominales

Page 5: Embarazo Ectopico Cervical 1

FACTORES DE RIESGOLegrado uterinoBiopsia de cérvixCesáreaEctópicoMiomatosis uterinaTécnicas de Reproducción AsistidaAlteraciones en el transporte embrionario

Page 6: Embarazo Ectopico Cervical 1

MANIFESTACION

TRIADA Dolor PélvicoHemorragia vaginalMasa

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CUADRO CLINICODolor pélvicoHemorragia vaginalCérvix engrosado, vascularizado y friableRetraso menstrual PIE POSITIVO

Expulsión del tejido CON HEMORRAGIA PROFUSA

Page 9: Embarazo Ectopico Cervical 1

DIAGNOSTICOULTRASONIDO

Vaginal

Pélvico

Doppler

Es importante solicitar Cuantificación de GCHβ antes de iniciar el tratamiento

Page 10: Embarazo Ectopico Cervical 1

TRATAMIENTOMetotrexateKCl 2ml intracardiaco (FCF presente)Vasopresina, Adrenalina, LidocainaProstaglandina F2αLigadura ó la embolización de arterias uterinas “ “ “ “ de arterias cervicalesCerclaje cervical

Page 11: Embarazo Ectopico Cervical 1

TRATAMIENTOLegrado cervical Taponamiento intracervical con balón de Foley

infladoResección histeroscópica endocervicalElectrodisección con Dispositivo KleppingerAmputación cervicalDilatación de cérvix con tallos de laminariaHisterectomía

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METOTREXATEEs un antagonista del Acido fólicoInhibe DHFR Disminuye Tetrahidrofolato

Su antagonista: Acido folínico

Page 13: Embarazo Ectopico Cervical 1

INDICACIONES ABSOLUTAS

Desea a futuro fertilidadHemodinámicamente estableNo dolor abdominal persistente o severoNo tiene contraindicaciones para el MTXSe pueda dar seguimiento a la paciente

Page 14: Embarazo Ectopico Cervical 1

CONTRAINDICACIONES ABSOLUTAS

Embarazo intrauterinoAlergia al metotrexateLactanciaEnfermedad pulmonar activaUlcera péptica activaDisfunción hepática, renal ó hematológica

Page 15: Embarazo Ectopico Cervical 1

CONTRAINDICACIONES ABSOLUTAS

Antecedente de discrasia sanguinea ó anemia moderada ó severa

AlcoholismoEvidencia de inmunodeficienciaNo se apegue al tratamientoHemodinámicamente inestableNo se pueda dar seguimiento a la paciente

Page 16: Embarazo Ectopico Cervical 1

CONTRAINDICACIONES RELATIVAS

FCF presente por US VaginalSaco gestacional ≥4cmGCHβ ≥100,000 mU/ml

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EFECTOS COLATERALES DEL METOTREXATE

Estomatitis, gastritis, enteritis, náusea, vómito, dolor abdominal

ConjuntivitisElevación de enzimas hepáticas Dermatitis, alopecia PleuritisSupresión de médula ósea

Page 18: Embarazo Ectopico Cervical 1

ESQUEMA DE DOSIS UNICA

Dia del Rp Laboratorio Intervención

Antes de iniciar BH,QS, PFHs, GCHβ, Tipo y Rh

Rhogam: si es Neg

1 GCH β MTX 50mg/m2sc IM

4 GCH β

7 GCH β MTX 50mg/m2sc IM si ≤15% entre día 4 y 7

Page 19: Embarazo Ectopico Cervical 1

ESQUEMA DE MULTIDOSISDia del Rp Laboratorio Intervención

Antes de iniciar BH,QS, PFHs, GCHβ, Tipo y Rh

Rhogam: si es Neg

1 GCH β MTX 1mg/Kg IM

2 Acido folínico 0.1mg/Kg

3 GCH β MTX 1mg/Kg IM

4 Acido folínico o.1mg/Kg

5 GCH β MTX 1mg/Kg IM

6 Acido folínico 0.1mg/Kg

7 GCH β MTX 1mg/Kg IM

8 Acido folínico 0.1mg/Kg

Page 20: Embarazo Ectopico Cervical 1

APLICACION LOCALMTX 50mg dentro del saco gestacionalGuiado por ultrasonido

Ventajas: Mayor efectividad

Acorta el tiempo del tratamiento

Poca dósis ≈ menos efectos colaterales

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SEGUIMIENTOCuantificación de GCHβ US

1 3 5 7 14 21 280

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

GCH

Page 22: Embarazo Ectopico Cervical 1

FACTORES DE RIESGO PARA NO RESPONDER AL TRATAMIETO

CONSERVADORGCH β

inicial ≥100,000 mU/ml

antes de Tx aumento >50% en 48hrs

durante el Tx continua aumentando rápidamente

FCF presenteLCR ≥10mmEmbarazo ≥9semanas

Page 23: Embarazo Ectopico Cervical 1

CONCLUSIONDx temprano

Tx Individualizado

Px Favorable

Disminuir la morbimortalidad materna

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REFERENCIASZhang Xiaolin MMed, Lu Ling MB, Yu Chengxin MMed, Tan Yiqing

MB, Wang Jun MB, Chen Yan MB and Tan Guangxi MD

Transcatheter Intraarterial Methotrexate Infusion Combined with Selective Uterine Artery Embolization as a Treatment Option for Cervical Pregnancy. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. Aceptado Feb 2010, Asequible Abril 2010.

Gemma Tamarit M.D., Elena Lonjedo M.D., Miguel González M.D., Sílvia Tamarit M.D., Santiago Domingo M.D. and Antonio Pellicer M.D. Combined use of uterine artery embolization and local methotrexate injection in interstitial ectopic pregnancies with poor prognosis. Fertility and Sterility Vol 93, Issue 4, 1March 2010, pages 1348.e1-1348.e4.

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REFERENCIASX. Tao, L. Yin, P.T. Ramirez, X. Yu, L. Feng, Y. Zou, J-M Yamal and

H. Yang. Successful Conservative Treatment of Cervical Pregnancy with Uterine Artery Embolization Post Early Diagnosis with Transvaginal Color Doppler Sonography. Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology Vol 16, Issue 6, Supplement 1, Nov-Dec 2009, pages S23-S24.

O. Istre and cols. Cervical ectopic pregnancy and simultaneously a tubal ectopic pregnancy. Journal of Minimally Invasive Gyncology. Vol 16, Issue 6, Suplement 1. Nov-Dec 2009 pages S52.

Balint Farkas M.D., Istvan Drozgyik M.D. and Jozsef Bodis M.D., Ph.D. Systemic methotrexate treatment under the spotlight in cervical ectopic pregnancies. Fertility and Sterility Vol 92, Issue 4, Oct 2009, page e45.

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REFERENCIASGary H. Lipscomb MD, Isabel G. Gomez MD, Vanessa M. Givens

MD, Norman L. Meyer MD, PhD and Derita F. Bran R Yolk sac on transvaginal ultrasound as a prognostic indicator in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy with single-dose methotrexate. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Vol 200, Issue 3, March 2009, pages 338.e1-338.e4 .

Giuseppe Trojano M.D., Giuseppe Colafiglio M.D., Nicola Saliani M.D., Giuseppe Lanzillotti M.D. and Ettore Cicinelli M.D. Successful management of a cervical twin pregnancy: neoadjuvant systemic methotrexate and prophylactic high cervical cerclage before curettage. Fertility and Sterility Vol 91, Issue 3, March 2009, pages 935.e17-935.e19.

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REFERENCIASVerma U, Goharkhay N. Conservative management of cervical

ectopic pregnancy. Fertility Sterility March 2009; Issue 3, Vol 91 pages 671-674.

Medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy. The Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Fertility and Sterility Vol 90, Issue 5, Supplement 1, Nov 2008, pages S206-S212.

Miriam M.F. Hanstede M.D., Dirk B. van't Hof M.D., Ph.D., Krijn van Groningen M.D. and Irene M. de Graaf M.D., Ph.D. Severe complication after termination of a second trimester cervical pregnancy. Fertility and Sterility Vol 90, Issue 5, Nov 2008, pages:2009.e5-2009.e7

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REFERENCIASBernhard Kraemer, Haral d Abele, Markus Hahn, Diethelm

Wallwiener, Taufiek K Rajab and Rene Hornung. Cervical ectopic pregnancy on the portio: conservative case management and clinical review. Fertility and Sterility Vol 90, Issue 5, Nov2008, pages

2011.e1-2011.e4.

Gerardo Vela MD and Togas Tulandi MD,. Cervical pregnancy: The importance of early diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology Volume 14, Issue 4, July 2007, Pages:481-484.

Jeng CJ, Ko ML, Shen J. Transvaginal ultrasound-guided treatment of cervical pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2007;109:1076-1082.

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REFERENCIASAlleyassin A, Khademi S y cols. Comparison of success rates in the

medical management of ectopic pregnancy with single-dose and multiple-dose administration of methotrexate : a prospective, randomised clinical trial. Fertil Steril 2006;85:1661-1666.

Bixby S, Tello R. Presence of a yolk sac on transvaginal sonography is the most reliable predictor of single-dose methotrexate treatment failure in ectopic pregnancy. J. Ultrasound Med 2005; 24:591-598.

Fernando T., Ximena C., Carlos R F-D., Carlos T. Embarazo ectópico cervical. Tratamiento conservador con cerclaje cervical: reporte de dos casos. Revista Chilena Obst y Ginecol 2005; 70(4), pags 257-260.

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REFERENCIASSunesh Kumar, N. Vimala, Vatsla Dadhwal and cols. Heterotopic

cervical and intrauterine pregnancy in a spontaneous cycle. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. Vol 112, Issue 2; Feb 2004, pages:217-220.

I. Cepni, P. Ocal, S. Erkan and B. Erzik, Conservative treatment of cervical ectopic pregnancy with transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration and single-dose methotrexate, Fertil Steril 81 (2004), pages 1130-1132.

Christopher J., Radpour M. and Jeffrey A. Keenan Consecutive cervical pregnancies. Fertility and Sterility Vol 81, Issue 1, January 2004, pages 210-213.

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REFERENCIASS.W. Bai, J.S. Lee and J.H. Park et al., Failed methotrexate

treatment of cervical pregnancy predictive factors J. Reproduc Med, Jun 2002; 47(6), pages 483-488.

T.H. Hung, W.Y. Shau, T.T. Hsieh, J.J. Hsu, Y.K. Soong and C.J. Jeng, Prognostic factors for an unsatisfactory primary methotrexate treatment of cervical pregnancy: a quantitative review Hum Reproduc Sept 1998;13(9), pages:2636-2642.

Ushakov, U. Elchalal, P.J. Aceman and J.G. Schenker, Cervical pregnancy: past and future, Obstet Gynecol Surv 52 (1997), pages 45–59.

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