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Water and Climate Change AdaptationWater and Climate Change Adaptation

in Asian River Basinsin Asian River Basins

11--5 December 2008, Selangor,5 December 2008, Selangor, MalaysiaMalaysia

The Case of the Laguna de Bay BasinThe Case of the Laguna de Bay Basin

Presentation by:Presentation by:

..

General ManagerGeneral Manager

aguna a e eve opmen u or yaguna a e eve opmen u or y

e v ews expresse n s paper presen a on are e v ews o e au or an o no necessar y re ec e v ews or po c es o e s an

Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the dataincluded in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent withADB official terms.



of La una de Ba ’sof La una de Ba ’s

Shoreland AreasShoreland Areas



Variations in water level during typhoon events…ariations in water level during typhoon events…

Due to the large surface area of the lake and its

shallow waters, it is possible to have a storm surge in Laguna Lake waters (e.g. periodic rise and fall of the water level created by the stormy wind, as in a typhoon event).



Laguna de Bay as Flood D etentionaguna de B ay as Flood D etention

R iieservoireservoir

detention reservoir to 23 sub-basinscom risin five rovinces, includin MetroManila.

Durin flood time, the La una Lakebecomes the temporary storage of excessflood waters from Marikina River via

anga an oo way an ap n anChannel.



Lake water level during summer months:Lake water level during summer months:

10.50 m elevation10.50 m elevation(annual average min.)(annual average min.)

10.50 m10.50 melevationelevation

12.50 m12.50 m

elevationelevation

Shoreland areaShoreland area



Lake water level during rainy season:Lake water level during rainy season:

12.50 m elevation12.50 m elevation

10.50 m10.50 melevationelevation

12.50 m12.50 m

elevationelevation Shoreland areaShoreland area

Lake water levels fluctuations:Lake water levels fluctuations:

Rainy seasons: 12.50 m elevation

Annual mean: 11.32 m elevation

g est eve recor e : 14.60 m year 1919Lowest Level recorded: 10.27 m (year 1969)



Population Pressure in Lake

hore AreasLar e shore land areas to the western, southern andeastern parts of the lake remain vulnerable to flooding.

A very long strip of shoreline of about half the lakeperimeter requires protection from flood waters.

.

of basin population



Population Pressure in Lake ShorePopulation Pressure in Lake Shore

AreasAreasFlooding will always recur during the wet season. Theduration of floodin of these areas ma be tem orarbut can range from few days to several weeks

depending on the period and duration of the southwestmonsoon rains that accompany the storm. Hence,

place.



Marikina

River Built in 1986, the

nine kilometer channel,with an average width of

Pasig River

,2,400 m3 /s flow at 100

year flood.

Mangahan Floodway

Napindan

Flood control operation

under the Effective anne Flood Control and Operation System (EFCOS) of Metro

Laguna de Bay Laguna de Bay an a eve opmenAuthority (MMDA).



As one of the major

the lake, Mangahan

Floodway is affected by thelake water stage.

Design high water level is

at 14.00 m at the mouth ofthe floodwa with 1.0 mfree board to the top of theembankment.

260 m

condition, propagatingwave from the lake cancost lives and destruction

220 m

Aerial view of Mangahan Floodway showing the settlers on its side slopes Aerial view of Mangahan Floodway showing the settlers on its side slopes

to the properties on thebank dwellers.



Main Issues on Water andMain Issues on Water and

Climate Change AdaptationClimate Change Adaptation Densely populated lakeshore communities highly vulnerable to

oo ng e ects – mpacts t e poor sproport onate y

Present economic and olitical situation in the Phili ines/lakebasin deters relocation of the exploding bank and shore settlersto safer places

Current adaptation measures mostly reactive & focused onevacuation and disaster relief operations, not on sustainable

strategies; primarily implemented by the Nationaleg ona oca sas er oor na ng ounc s w ,MMDA, and LGUs

Top-down approach - Communities at risk not directly involvedin the planning & execution of adaptation measures (result:unaware of the risks)



Main Issues on Water andMain Issues on Water and

Climate Change AdaptationClimate Change Adaptation,,

need to adapt to full range of factorsneed to adapt to full range of factors

Adaptation is resourceAdaptation is resource--intensive: priorityintensive: priority – –

extreme events or on more pressing waterextreme events or on more pressing water

, . .,, . .,



nn-- in /Pl nn W r nin /Pl nn W r nClimate Change AdaptationClimate Change Adaptation

’’Laguna de Bay Institutional Strengthening &Laguna de Bay Institutional Strengthening &

Communit Partici ation LISCOP Pro ectCommunit Partici ation LISCOP Pro ect

(World Bank/Netherlands Funded)(World Bank/Netherlands Funded)



an er nv ronmen a ro ec s

Morong IntegratedSWAngonoMRF/Composting

Silang MRF/Composting

Tanay MRF/Composting

TTeresa MRF/Composting

ANGONOTERESA

TANAY

Siniloan Reforestation

Mabitac

CARDONA

SINILOAN

MORONG

SAN PEDRO

MUNTINLUPA

Kalayaan Integrated

SWM (Landfill)

MRF/Composting

NAGCARLAN

LILIW

STA.CRUZ

MAJAYJAY

KALAYAAN

CAVINTI

AGM

LOS BAÑOS

SILANGSta. Rosa Biogas Nagcarlan

MRF/Composting

ALAMINOS

LUCBAN

Victoria , Pakil,Pangil

Sta. Cruz SWMCabuyao FloodControl



SmallSmall--Scale CDM ProjectsScale CDM Projects

vo ance o me aneproduction from biomass

Production Area

Windrows/ toxic & hazardous areaBricks from wastes



Kalayaan Integrated Solid Waste Management

May

leachate pond

First of its kind Category I Sanitary Landfill pavement that started

fromthe northern portion of the site



Decentralized Waste Water Treatment System

Sta. Cruz, Laguna

Anaerobic Baffle Reactor (ABR)

Biogas digester

Anaerobic Filter (AF)

Planted Gravel Filter (PGF)

from Wastewater

Treatment



Pangil Environmental Enhancement

Sub-Project

Cabuyao Flood Control Sub-Project

:

CDM Reforestation/Afforestation forCarbon Sequestration

R l f LLDA i W dR l f LLDA i W d



Role of LLDA in Water andRole of LLDA in Water and

in the Lake Basinin the Lake Basin

Minimize water use conflictsMinimize water use conflicts

Improve lake basin planning that is watershedImprove lake basin planning that is watershed--focused, hi hl artici ative & demandfocused, hi hl artici ative & demand--driven,driven,and integrates water & climate changeand integrates water & climate changeadaptation into sustainable development &adaptation into sustainable development &

Science & technologyScience & technology--based decision supportbased decision supports stems stem

Disaster risk reduction management (proposed)Disaster risk reduction management (proposed)in pilot vulnerable subin pilot vulnerable sub--basin (Siniloan)basin (Siniloan)

S E i f R i lS E i f R i l



Some Expectations from RegionalSome Expectations from Regional

NetworkNetwork Climate chan e ro ectionsClimate chan e ro ections

Study on vulnerability of the Laguna de Bay Basin toStudy on vulnerability of the Laguna de Bay Basin towater and climate change effects, e.g., floods,water and climate change effects, e.g., floods,

, ., .

Impact assessments, e.g.,Impact assessments, e.g., Reduction of surface water due to climate chan eReduction of surface water due to climate chan e

Climate change impact on water qualityClimate change impact on water quality

Land loss due to surface runLand loss due to surface run--offoff

Adaptation strategiesAdaptation strategies Reducing land degradation and promotingReducing land degradation and promoting

Improving governance mechanisms at all levelsImproving governance mechanisms at all levels



Proposed Collaboration withProposed Collaboration with

NAHRIMNAHRIM Ex andin the ca abilities & a lications of existinEx andin the ca abilities & a lications of existin

LLDA’s Decision Support System to include projectionsLLDA’s Decision Support System to include projections

& assessment of water& assessment of water--related disaster events & climaterelated disaster events & climatechan e; simulations of ada tation measureschan e; simulations of ada tation measures

Increasing capacity of LLDA as a RBO to adapt to/ Increasing capacity of LLDA as a RBO to adapt to/

manage watermanage water--related disaster risksrelated disaster risks ,,identify , develop & package priority investments in water &identify , develop & package priority investments in water &climate change adaptation for the lake basinclimate change adaptation for the lake basin

KnowledgeKnowledge--based education & advocacy to build a culture ofbased education & advocacy to build a culture ofsafety & preparedness among communities at risk, andsafety & preparedness among communities at risk, andgovernment at all levelsgovernment at all levels

Institutionalized waterInstitutionalized water--related disaster risk management amongrelated disaster risk management among

ey p ayers, nc u ng , n e a e as n con exey p ayers, nc u ng , n e a e as n con ex Exchange of knowledge and scientific informationExchange of knowledge and scientific information

Access to funding facilitiesAccess to funding facilities



Th nk Y Th nk Y

Laguna Lake Development AuthorityLaguna Lake Development Authority

Email: [email protected]: [email protected]

e e ax o.e e ax o. -- --



Reserved slidesReserved slides– –



Comparison of Land Cover

pr pr



Comparison of Lake Sedimentation

1993 2000

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