el turismo de "casa rural" en la comunidad valenciana

8/10/2019 El turismo de "casa rural" en la Comunidad Valenciana

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MA V]^@UOC FM EBUB ]^BA

MG AB ECO]G@FBF\BAMGE@BGB.

Vmgfmge`bs fm ab fmobgfb

pctmge`ba.

>822


5/151

@NUG;094-46-08>-=

Fmps`tc amiba; D]-5>4->822


6/151

GF@EM

2

@GV^CF]EE@G 9

> CNKMV@\CU FMA MUV]F@C. 22

>.2

Cnkmt`vc pr`ge`pba. 2>

>.> Cnkmt`vcs mspmelècs. 2>

5 OMVCFCACIB FMA MUV]F@C. 26

5.2 @gtrcfuee`g omtcfcaièb. 26

5.2.2

Bga`s`s fm lumgtms smeugfbr`bs. 26

5.2.> Mstuf`c mxpacrbtcr`c. 2=

5.>

Ocfmac tmrèc fm bga`s`s y vbr`bnams mstuf`bfbs. 2>

6 V]^@UOC ^]^BA MG AB ECO]G@FBF \BAMGE@BGB. >6

6.2 Clmrtb turstèb rurba. >=

6.2.2

Eabsms y t`pcs fm mstbnameò`mgtcs. >

Bga`s`s fm ab mvcaue`g fm abs ebsbs rurbams mg abEcoug`fbf \bamge`bgb. 52

6.2.5

Mvcaue`g fma gomrc fm mstbnameò`mgtcs y pabzbsfm ebsbs rurbams pcr prcv`ge`bs. 59

6.2.6 Bga`s`s pcr prcv`ge`bs fm ab clmrtb fm tur soc rurba.=2

6.>

Fmobgfb turstèb rurba. .2 Bga`s`s fm ab mvcaue`g fm ab fmobgfb fm ebsbsrurbams mg ab Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgb .> Bga`s`s pcr prcv`ge`bs fm ab fmobgfb fm tur`socrurba. 9>

6.>.5 Xr`ge`pbams crimgms fm acs v`bkmrcs ecg fmst`gc abEcoug`fbf \bamge`bgb. 49


7/151

=

MA V]^@UVB FM EBUB ^]^BA MG AB ECO]G@FBF\BAMGE@BGB. 0>

=.2

Fmst`gcs prmlmrmgtms fma tur`stb rurba; 06

=.>

Xrcemsc fm smamee`g fm ab ebsb rurba. 288

=.5 Oct`vbe`cgms y ebrbetmrst`ebs fma prcemsc. 289

=.6 \bacrbe`g fm bspmetcs rmabt`vcs b ab ebsb rurba. 22=

=.= Gmems`fbfms gc eun`mrtbs y rmbs fm omkcrb. 229

=.2

Ecgeaus`cgms. 255

9 N@NA@CI^BLB. 250

GF@EM FM @A]UV^BE@CGMU. 265


8/151

MA V]^@UOC FM EBUB ^]^BA MG AB ECO]G@FBF \BAMGE@BGB;VMGFMGE@BU FM AB FMOBGFB XCVMGE@BA.

Xi`gb

9

2 @GV^CF]EE@G

Ma tur`soc rurba surim mg Mspbb ecoc ug ocfc fm blrcgtbr acsebon`cs qum t`mgmg auibr mg vbr`cs bspmetcs fm ab mecgcob y absce`mfbf barmfmfcr fm acs bcs 48. Xcr ug abfc, sm prcfuem abeuao`gbe`g fma xcfc rurba dbe`b abs zcgbs urnbgbs, ecg abecgsmeumgtm er`s`s mg ma smetcr birecab. Mg mstm smgt`fc ma tur`socrurba sm ecglìurb ecoc ugb batmrgbt`vb mecgoèb mg abs zcgbsblmetbfbs pcr mstb s`tube`g fmslbvcrbnam fm rmems`g fm absbet`v`fbfms trbfè`cgbams.

Xcr ctrc abfc, sm eco`mgzb b prcfue`r e`mrtc bictbo`mgtc fma tur`socfm sca y pabyb, ecg ab bpbrè`g fm gumvbs lcrobs fm tur`soc euycscnkmt`vcs m `gtmrmsms scg f`lmrmgtms fma mx`stmgtm dbstb ma ocomgtc.Mg mstm smgt`fc sm pumfm dbnabr fm ug tur`stb qum t`mgm f`lmrmgtmsoct`vbe`cgms, `gqu`mtufms y cnkmt`vcs mg sus v`bkms y fmspabzbo`mgtcs.Fm mstm ocfc eco`mgzbg b tcobr òpcrtbge`b ctrcs t`pcs fm tur`soc

ecoc ma fm `gtmr`cr, ma euaturba, fm bvmgturb, mte., qum ecg ma pbsc fmacs bcs vbg mvcaue`cgbgfc y f`vmrs`lègfcsm.

Mstb mvcaue`g fma mgtcrgc rurba supcgm ugb rmecgvmrs`g fm mscsmspbe`cs fm ocfc qum kugtc b ab rmvbacr`zbe`g fm acs o`socs pcrpbrtm fma urnbg`tb (mg ab nsqumfb fm ab trbgquà`fbf, ma ecgtbetc ecg abgbturbamzb c ma rmmgeumgtrc ecg sus rbems) ecglìurb ug gumvcmsemgbr`c turstèc. Mstm ebon`c fm pbrbfìob ermb ma mspbe`c y abcpcrtug`fbf pbrb clrmemr ug smrvè`c ba mx`st`r ug fmobgfbgtm

`gtmrmsbfc mg ma o`soc.

Furbgtm ab febfb fm acs bcs gcvmgtb mstm sunsmetcr fma tur`soc mrbobri`gba. Ms mgtcgems eubgfc mgtrbg mg bee`g acs prcirbobs Ambfmry Xrcfmr (rmgcvbfcs b pbrt`r fma bc >888, Ambfmr+ y Xrcfmr @@).


9/151

@GV^CF]EE@G

Xi`gb

4

Xbrb pctmge`br mafmsbrrca ac

ecgt `guc y mv` tbrma mstbgebo `mgtc

fm ab bet `v `fbftu rs tèb ru rba ms

prme`sc ecg cemr bausu br`c t `pc qum

nuseb mstmsmrvè`c

Umig ma O`g`stmr`c fm Omf`c Bon`mgtm y Omf`cs ûrba y Obr`gc, ma

prcirbob AMBFM^ ms ma gconrm ecg ma qum sm ecgcem abs suems`vbs`gè`bt`vbs ecoug`tbr`bs fm fmsbrrcaac rurba fm ab ]g`cg Murcpmb.Ecrrmspcgfm b abs sìabs, mg lrbges, "A`b`scgs mgtrm bet`v`ts fmFmvmacpmomgt fm A'Mecgco`m ûrba" ("^mabe`cgms mgtrm Bet`v`fbfmsfm Fmsbrrcaac fm ab Mecgcob ûrba"). V`mgm ecoc l`gba`fbf ma lcomgtcfm abs mstrbtmi`bs crì`gbams fm fmsbrrcaac scstmg`nam y fm eba`fbf,fmst`gbfb b ab mxpmròmgtbe`g fm gumvbs lcrobs fm vbacr`zbe`g fmpbtròcg`c gbturba y euaturba, fm omkcrb fm mopamc y fm ab omkcrb fm abeba`fbf fm cribg`zbe`g fm abs rmspmet`vbs ecoug`fbfms rurbams. Xcr

ctrc abfc, ma prcirbob X^CFM^ ms ug ecgkugtc fm prcirbobs pbrb mafmsbrrcaac rurba qum bpaèbg omf`fbs fm fmsbrrcaac mgfimgc y qum smdbg òpamomgtbfc mxeaus`vbomgtm mgMspbb. Mg mstcs prcirbobs sm vbmxtmgf`mgfc fm lcrob mspmelèb abbpaèbe`g fma otcfc AMBFM^.2

Bdcrb n`mg, ugcs bcs os tbrfm, ugbvmz bsmgtbfc ma prcfuetc, bgba`zbfbs susebrbetmrstèbs, mvcaue`cgbfb yf`vmrs`lèbfb su clmrtb gc ebnm s`gc`gfbibr bemreb fma obgtmgò`mgtc fmmstm t`pc fm tur`soc, ab l`fma`zbe`g fmaea`mgtm, ma suriò`mgtc fm gumvcsmglcqums qum pcs`nà`tmg ecgt`gubrclmrtgfcac mg ma rmspmtc fm abecge`mge`b omf`cbon`mgtba y abscstmg`nà`fbf, y b ab vmz ma

obgtmgò`mgtc y prcirmsc fm abs bet`v`fbfms mecgoèbs b abs qumblmetb, y s`moprm fmgtrc fm ugcs ogòcs pbromtrcs fm eba`fbf mg masmrvè`c clmrtbfc.

2 Fbtcs fma s`t`c; dttp;//www.obro.ms/ms/fmsbrrcaac-rurba/tmobs/pmr`cfc-fm-prcirbobe`cg->888->88888->88/


10/151


Xi`gb

0

Xbrb pctmge`br ma fmsbrrcaac ecgt`guc y mv`tbr ma mstbgebo`mgtc fm abbet`v`fbf turstèb rurba ms prme`sc ecgcemr ba usubr`c t`pc qum nusebmstm smrvè`c, ms fme`r, ma tur`stb rurba, bs ecoc sus `gtmrmsms,oct`vbe`cgms, cnkmt`vcs, mte. b ab dcrb fm msecimr ugb cpe`g u ctrbecoc fmst`gc pbrb pbsbr sus rbtcs fm ce`c.

Mg mstm smgt`fc ebnm tmgmr ouy mg eumgtb qum ab bet`v`fbf turstèb smdb f`vmrs`lèbfc y mspme`ba`zbfc mg irbg omf`fb mg acs atòcs bcs,crì`ggfcsm ug prcemsc fm erme`mgtm ecopamk`fbf y mspme`ba`zbe`g fm

ab fmobgfb turstèb. Bfmos, ma suriò`mgtc fm ug irbg gomrc fmfmst`gcs ecopmt`fcrms, ab lbeà`fbf fm trbgspcrtm qum pcs`nà`tbg absagmbs brmbs dcy mg fb, ab vbr`mfbf mg ab fmobgfb y mg acs iustcsfm acs ecgsuo`fcrms mgtrm ctrcs scg mamomgtcs qum lumrzbg brmf`smbr ecgt`gubomgtm acs prcfuetcs turstècs fm ebretmr rurba pbrbacirbr ugb f`lmrmge`be`g ecg rmspmetc b acs ecopmt`fcrms.

Fmgtrc fma tur`soc rurba mx`stmg f`lmrmgtms t`pcs y batmrgbt`vbsfmpmgf`mgfc fm abs ebrbetmrstèbs fma backbo`mgtc, puf`mgfc dbaabrbanmriums rurbams, bebopbfb mg l`gebs Mgtrm mstbs cpe`cgms smrmecim ma tur`soc bsce`bfc b abs ebsbs rurbams, qum ms mg ma qum smemgtrb mstm mstuf`c.

Ab ebsb rurba sm ecglìurb ecoc backbo`mgtc turstèc, yb sm rmbaèmomf`bgtm ma baquàmr fm dbn`tbe`cgms c ma fm ebsb ecopamtb (gcsupmrbgfc ug gomrc fm pabzbs ecgermtc -28828, fm 5 fmfè`monrm, ^miuabfcr fma Backbo`mgtc Vurstèc ûrba mg ma @gtmr`cr fmab Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgb, Um mgt`mgfm pcr backbo`mgtc mg ebsbsrurbams ma clrme`fc omf`bgtm prme`c y fm lcrob dbn`tuba mg v`v`mgfbs,ceupbfbs c gc pcr sus prcp`mtbr`cs c usubr`cs, qum euopabg acsrmqu`s`tcs mstbname`fcs pcr ma prmsmgtm Fmermtc.


11/151

@GV^CF]EE@G

Xi`gb

28

Um mgt`mgfm pcrbackbo `mgtc mgebsbs ru rbams ma

cl rme `fc omf`bgtmprme`c y fm lcrob

dbn`tuba mgv`v `mgfbs

ceupbfbs c gcpcr sus

prcp `mtbr`cs cusubr`cs

Mstm mstuf`c t`mgm ecoc cnkmt`vc mabga`s`s fm ug ecopcgmgtm pcecmstuf`bfc fma tur`soc rurba, ecoc ms abebsb rurba, ug ocfc fm tur`soc qum, mgmstb Ecoug`fbf Butgcob clrmem pcrug abfc ugbs irbgfms pcs`nà`fbfms fmbet`v`fbf pcr ac vbr`bfc fm ab clmrtbrurba y pb`sbkstèb, y pcr ctrc ugbbatmrgbt`vb ba mstàc fma tur`soctrbfè`cgba mg mstb rmi`g, ecoc ms ma

tur`soc fm sca y pabyb.

Bs pums, sm pabgtmbg mg mstm `glcromugb smr`m fm cnkmt`vcs ecg ab l`gba`fbffm ecgcemr omkcr ba usubr`c qum beufm

b ebsbs rurbams, su oct`vbe`g, su mxpmr`mge`b fm smrvè`c y bqumaacsbspmetcs rmabe`cgbfcs ecg ab mxpmr`mge`b fm tur`soc mg ebsb rurba.

Ab mstrueturb fm prmsmgtbe`g fm ecgtmg`fcs qum sìum mstm `glcrom msab sìu`mgtm;

- ]g bpbrtbfc fm `gtrcfuee`g, ma prmsmgtm, qum `gtrcfuem mamstuf`c.

- B ecgt`gube`g, ma pabgtmbo`mgtc fm acs cnkmt`vcs fma mstuf`c

(tbgtc pr`ge`pbams ecoc mspmelècs).

- ]g tmremr bpbrtbfc mg ma qum sm rmecim ab omtcfcacib utà`zbfbpbrb ab rmba`zbe`g fm mstm mstuf`c.

- Ctrc bpbrtbfc, qum bgba`zb ma mstbfc y mvcaue`g fma tur`soc rurbamg ab Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgb.


12/151


Xi`gb

22

- ]g qu`gtc bpbrtbfc fcgfm sm prmsmgtbg acs rmsuatbfcs fmabga`s`s fm ab `glcrobe`g rmeci`fb omf`bgtm ma eumst`cgbr`c fmtmgfmge`b fm pbrtm fm ab fmobgfb pctmge`ba fm tur`soc rurba.

- P abs ecgeaus`cgms fma mstuf`c, fcgfm sm rmecimrg acs bspmetcsos rmamvbgtms fma bga`s`s.

> CNKMV@\CU FMA MUV]F@C.

B ecgt`gube`g sm mspme`l`eb ab l`gba`fbf fm mstm mstuf`c, ms fme`r, acscnkmt`vcs ecgermtcs qum sm qu`mrmg eunr`r.

F`edcs cnkmt`vcs sm mstrueturbg mg pr`ge`pba y smeugfbr`cs, btmgf`mgfcba irbfc fm ecgerme`g fm acs o`socs.

@austrbe`g >.2. Mstrueturb fm acs cnkmt`vcs fma mstuf`c.

Lumgtm;mabncrbe`g prcp`b.

Cnkmt`vc

pr`ge`pba

Cnkmt`vc

smeugfbr`c

Cnkmt`vc

smeugfbr`cCnkmt`vc

smeugfbr`c


13/151

CNKMV@\CU FMA MUV]F@C

Xi`gb

2>

>.2 CNKMV@\C X^@GE@XBA.

Umig fbtcs fma @gst`tutc Gbe`cgba fm Mstbfstèb, mg acs atòcs bcs(tcobgfc ecoc rmlmrmge`b >88=) ab prcemfmge`b fma tur`stb rurba qummsecib ab Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgb ecoc fmst`gc mrb, mg barmfmfcr fmug 48% fm acs ebscs, fm ab prcp`b Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgb. Vmg`mgfcmg ecgs`fmrbe`g mstc sm db pabgtmbfc ma cnkmt`vc pr`ge`pba fma mstuf`c.

Ma cnkmt`vc pr`ge`pba fm mstm mstuf`c ms ug bemrebo`mgtc b absebrbetmrstèbs fma usubr`c fm ebsbs rurbams pbrb mstbnamemr y ecgcemrabs tmgfmge`bs fma o`soc eubgfc rmba`zb tur`soc mg ebsbs rurbams, msfme`r, ab tmgfmge`b fm pbrtm fm ab fmobgfb pctmge`ba fma ea`mgtm fmebsbs rurbams mg eubgtc b oct`vbe`cgms, ebrbetmrstèbs fmecopcrtbo`mgtc, prmlmrmge`bs.

Mg mstm mstuf`c sm bncrfbrg tmobs fm ab mxpmr`mge`b fm smrvè`c mgebsbs rurbams ecg `gfmpmgfmge`b fm qum fèdb mxpmr`mge`b sm dbybprcfue`fc mg ctrbs rmbs imcirlèbs f`lmrmgtms b ab Ecoug`fbf\bamge`bgb.

>.> CNKMV@\CU MUXMEL@ECU.

Acs cnkmt`vcs mspmelècs fma mstuf`c scg l`gms fm obycr ecgerme`gqum ecgtr`nuymg, mg pbrtm, b acirbr ma pr`ge`pba, mspme`lèbgfc

fmtmro`gbfcs bspmetcs fma mstuf`c;

Ecgcemr y fmser`n`r abs ebrbetmrstèbs fm abs prmlmrmge`bs fmatur`stb qum beufm b ebsbs rurbams mg eubgtc b mamomgtcs fmaprcemsc prmv`c b ab prcp`b mxpmr`mge`b fm smrvè`c (oct`vbe`cgms,t`pc fm backbo`mgtc y pceb prmlmrmgtms, becopbbgtms).


14/151


Xi`gb

25

Fmtmetbr acs lbetcrms c mamomgtcs fm `glaumge`b pbrb fmtmro`gbrab smamee`g fm ugb ebsb rurba u ctrb pcr pbrtm fm acs ea`mgtms.

Ecgcemr y bgba`zbr ab mxpmr`mge`b fm smrvè`c fm acs ea`mgtms fmebsbs rurbams pbrb fmtmetbr y ecgermtbr sus fmobgfbs fmsmrvè`c mg ma mgtcrgc turstèc fm abs ebsbs rurbams.

@austrbe`g >.>.2. Obpb fm acs cnkmt`vcs pr`ge`pba y mspmelècs fma

mstuf`c.


Cnk. Xr`ge`pba;

Mstuf`br ab tmgfmge`b fm ab fmobgfbpctmge`ba fma ea`mgtm fm ebsbs rurbams

Ecgcemr absprmlmrmge`bs fmatur`stb rurba mg ma

prcemsc prmv`c b abmxpmr`mge`b fm

smrvè`c .

Fmtmetbr acs lbetcrms fm`glaumge`b pbrb

fmtmro`gbr ab smamee`gfm ugb ebsb rurba u ctrb

pcr pbrtm fm acsmgtrmv`stbfcs

Ecgcemr y bgba`zbr abmxpmr`mge`b fm smrvè`c

pbrb fmtmetbr yecgermtbr sus

fmobgfbs fm smrvè`cmg ma mgtcrgc fm abs

ebsbs rurbams


15/151

OMVCFCACIB FMA MUV]F@C

Xi`gb

26

5 OMVCFCACIB FMA MUV]F@C.

5.2 @GV^CF]EE@G OMVCFCAI@EB.

Ab mabncrbe`g fma prmsmgtm `glcrom sm db rmba`zbfc, pcr ug abfc, bpbrt`r fm ab nsqumfb, bga`s`s y mstuf`c fm lumgtms smeugfbr`bs,rmabe`cgbfbs ecg ma cnkmtc fm mstuf`c y, pcr ctrc abfc, b pbrt`r fmaf`smc fm ugb `gvmstìbe`g fm ebretmr eubgt`tbt`vc, ecg ug baebgem

mxpacrbtcr`c-fmser`pt`vc. Fm mstm ocfc, mstm mstuf`c, smig abomtcfcacib mopambfb, ecgstb fm fcs pbrtms f`lmrmge`bfbs.

Nsqumfb y bga`s`s fm lumgtms smeugfbr`bs scnrm ma mstbfc y abmvcaue`g fma tur`soc rurba y fm ebsbs rurbams.

Mstuf`c fm ebretmr eubgt`tbt`vc ecg baebgem mxpacrbtcr`c-fmser`pt`vc.

5.2.2 Bga`s`s fm lumgtms smeugfbr`bs.

Mstm bga`s`s fm lumgtms smeugfbr`bs ecglcrob ma obrec fmbetube`g m `glaumge`b mg ma qum sm fmsbrrcaab ab bet`v`fbf mecgoèbfm abs ebsbs rurbams mg ab Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgb. Xbrb mstc sm dbrmba`zbfc ugb nsqumfb mxdbust`vb fm lumgtms smeugfbr`bs;n`na`cirblb y mstuf`cs rmabe`cgbfcs, rmba`zbfcs pcr lumgtms clè`bams fm

ab Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgb b ac abric fm acs atòcs bcs. Fm mstmocfc, sm db cntmg`fc `glcrobe`g l`bnam qum pcs`nà`tb;

Mg pròmr auibr, mstuf`br ab mvcaue`g fm abs ebrbetmrstèbs fmausubr`c qum rmba`zb tur`soc rurba, bs ecoc abs pbrtèuabr`fbfmsfma prcemsc fma tur`soc rurba tbgtc fmsfm ma pugtc fm v`stb fm abclmrtb ecoc fm ab fmobgfb (pmrgcetbe`cgms, irbfc fmceupbe`g, mstbge`b omf`b, pmrscgba mopambfc).


16/151


Xi`gb

2=

Mg smiugfc auibr, fmtmro`gbr ab tmgfmge`b fm acs atòcs bcsmg eubgtc ba pmrlà sce`cfmocirlèc fma tur`stb qum rmba`zbtur`soc rurba fmgtrc fma on`tc imcirlèc fm ab Ecoug`fbf\bamge`bgb.

5.2.> Mstuf`c mxpacrbtcr`c.

Ab smiugfb pbrtm fm mstm `glcrom ms ma mstuf`c fm ebretmreubgt`tbt`vc, ecg ug baebgem mxpacrbtcr`c-fmser`pt`vc b trbvs fmaeuba sm db rmba`zbfc ugb bprcxòbe`g ba cnkmtc fm mstuf`c qum gcsceupb, pbrb fmtmetbr tmgfmge`bs m `fmgt`lèbr rmabe`cgms pctmge`bamsmgtrm abs vbr`bnams mstuf`bfbs.

Mstm t`pc fm f`smc pmro`tm ab bprcxòbe`g b lmgomgcsrmabt`vbomgtm fmsecgce`fcs emgtrgfcsm mg fmseunr`r tmgfmge`bs,

`fmbs, gce`cgms scnrm ab s`tube`g fma cnkmtc fm mstuf`c.

Xbrb ab rmecpàbe`g fm `glcrobe`g b mstm rmspmetc, sm db prcemf`fc bab mabncrbe`g fm ug eumst`cgbr`c mspmelèc pbrb usubr`cs pctmge`bamsfm ebsbs rurbams. Fèdb dmrrbo`mgtb sm fmsbrrcaa s`g pmrfmr fm v`stbacs cnkmt`vcs fma mstuf`c (tbgtc imgmrbams ecoc mspmelècs) yecgs`fmrbgfc acs eumst`cgbr`cs utà`zbfcs pbrb mstuf`cs smomkbgtmsqum o`f`mrbg mamomgtcs pbrme`fcs mg ctrcs on`tcs imcirlècs.

Xcr ctrc abfc, ma eumst`cgbr`c sm mstrueturb mg nbsm b ab rmprcfuee`g`fmba fma prcemsc fm backbo`mgtc, ms fme`r, mg acs bspmetcs fm smrvè`cos rmamvbgtms qum pumfm mxpmròmgtbr ma ea`mgtm ecoc usubr`c fmebsbs rurbams. Bfmos, sm db mstbname`fc tbon`g ug pugtc fmrmlmrmge`b mg ab gcrobt`vb fm eba`fbf vìmgtm fm ebsbs rurbams fm abEcoug`fbf \bamge`bgb.


17/151


Xi`gb

2 OCFMAC VM^@EC FM BGA@U@U P \B^@BNAMUMUV]F@BFBU.

Mg mstm pugtc sm fmser`nm ab mstrueturb smiu`fb pbrb ab prmsmgtbe`gfm acs fbtcs;

Xcr ug abfc, `glcrobe`g dbaabfb mg ab nsqumfb fm fbtcssmeugfbr`cs y ab rmv`s`g n`na`cirl`eb.

P pcr ctrc abfc sm prmsmgtbg abs vbr`bnams qum ecopcgmg maocfmac tmr`ec fma mstuf`c mxpacrbtcr`c.


18/151


Xi`gb

29

@austrbe`g 5.>.2. @glcrobe`g smeugfbr`b bgba`zbfb.

Clmrtbturstèb

V`pcacib fm fmebsbs rurbams>

Mstgfbr.

Uupmr`cr.

Aukc.

Mvcaue`g fmebsbs rurbams mgab Ecoug`fbf

\bamge`bgb5

G mstbnameò`mgtcs bn`mrtcs mstòbfcs.

G fm pabzbs mstòbfbs.

Irbfc fm ceupbe`g pcr pabzbs.

Irbfc fm ceupbe`g pcr pabzbs mg l`g fm smobgb.Xmrscgba mopambfc.

Mvcaue`g fma gfm ebsbs rurbamsy pabzbs pcrprcv`ge`bs6

G fm ebsbs rurbams pcr prcv`ge`bs y vbr`be`g`gtmrbguba.

G fm pabzbs y vbr`be`g `gtmrbguba.

Bga`s`s pcrprcv`ge`bs fm abclmrtb fm tur`socrurba*

G mstòbfc fm backbo`mgtcs fm tur`soc rurba.

G mstòbfc fm pabzbs.


Irbfc fm ceupbe`g pcr pabzbs mg l`g fm smobgb.

Xmrscgba mopambfc.

Fmobgfbturstèb

Mvcaue`g fm abfmobgfb fmebsbs rurbams mgab Ecoug`fbf\bamge`bgb*

G fm v`bkmrcs y f`str`nue`g smig prcemfmge`b.

G fm pmrgcetbe`cgms y f`str`nue`g smigprcemfmge`b.

Mstbge`b omf`b

Bga`s`s pcrprcv`ge`bs fm abfmobgfb fm

tur`soc rurba*

\`bkmrcs mgtrbfcs pcr prcv`ge`bs fm fmst`gc yprcemfmge`b fm acs v`bkmrcs.Xmrgcetbe`cgms fm acs v`bkmrcs pcr prcv`ge`bs fmfmst`gc y prcemfmge`b fm acs v`bkmrcs.

Mstbge`b omf`b fm acs v`bkmrcs pcr prcv`ge`bs fmfmst`gc y prcemfmge`b fm acs v`bkmrcs.

Xr`ge`pbams crimgms ecg fmst`gc ab Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgb*


>Umig ma fmermtc >8828 fm 5 fm fè`monrm.5*Umig ma @gst`tutc Gbe`cgba fm Mstbfstèb.6Umig ab Ecgsmaamr`b fm Vur`som.


19/151


Xi`gb

24

@austrbe`g 5.>.>. Eubfrc fm vbr`bnams fma mstuf`c.

\br`bnams sce`cfmocirlèbsMfbf

Umxc

[cgb imcirlèb

Fmst`gcs prmlmrmgtms

]atòb vmz qum sm backc mg ugb ebsb rurba

Xrcv`ge`bs mg abs qum sm db backbfc

Fmst`gcs os fmsmbfcs

Oct`vcs fm mxeaus`g fm ab prcv`ge`b fm Baèbgtm

Xrcemsc fm smamee`g fm abebsb rurba

Omf`cs fm `glcrobe`g

Omf`c fm rmsmrvb os dbn`tuba

Oct`vcs fm usc fm msm omf`c

Lbetcrms fm mamee`g fm ugb ebsb rurba

Oct`vbe`cgms yebrbetmrstèbs fma prcemsc

Oct`vcs fm rmba`zbe`g

Ecopbmrcs fm v`bkm

V`pc fm backbo`mgtc os dbn`tuba

pceb mg ab qum beufm b ugb ebsb rurba

Bs`fu`fbf fm backbo`mgtc mg ugb ebsb rurba

Fbs fm mstbge`bIbstc f`br`c (mxeauymgfc backbo`mgtc)

@opcrtbge`b fm bspmetcs fm abebsb rurba

\bacrbe`g fm ab òpcrtbge`b fm acs bspmetcs fm ab ebsbrurba

Uuimrmge`bs fm omkcrb Gmems`fbfms gc eun`mrtbs

rmbs fm omkcrb

Mxpmr`mge`b y mxpmetbt`vbs

Mxpmr`mge`b os pcs`t`vb mg ebsbs rurbams mg eubgtc b;pi`gb wmn,

rmempe`g,smrvè`cs,`gstbabe`cgms,`ge`fmge`bs,fmspmf`fb.



20/151


Xi`gb

20

5.5 LBUMU FM @GVM^\MGE@G.

Abs pr`ge`pbams lumgtms fm `glcrobe`g scnrm abs qum sm trbnbkb scgtbgtc smeugfbr`bs ecoc pròbr`bs: ms fme`r, sm cnt`mgm `glcrobe`gomf`bgtm ab nsqumfb y rmv`s`g n`na`cirlèb y omf`bgtm ab bpaèbe`gfm ug eumst`cgbr`c mstrueturbfc b ugb oumstrb fm pmrscgbs fm abpcnabe`g cnkmtc fm mstuf`c, mg mstm ebsc, pmrscgbs fm ab Ecoug`fbf\bamge`bgb, ab Ecoug`fbf fm Obfr`f y fm Ebtbaub qum dbybg tmg`fcecoc ogòc ugb mxpmr`mge`b fm smrvè`c mg ugb ebsb rurba.

Ab bpaèbe`g fma f`smc omtcfcaièc smiu`fc mg mstm mstuf`c smpumfm smeumge`br mg vbr`bs lbsms, mg abs qum sm prclugf`zb mg acsf`st`gtcs prcemscs smiu`fcs, qum sm mxpaèbg b ecgt`gube`g;

2Lbsm; Nsqu mfb fm `g lcro be`g smeug fbr`b y rmv`s`g

n `n a`c irlèb.

Mstb lbsm sm aamv b ebnc omf`bgtm ab nsqumfb fm n`na`cirblbmspme`ba`zbfb, bs ecoc lumgtms mstbfstèbs ecgtrbstbfbs y b trbvsfm @gtmrgmt mg pcrtbams fm cribg`socs y mgt`fbfms clè`bams fm tur`socfm ab Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgb y fm Mspbb.

> Lbsm; Vrbtbo`mgtc y bga`s`s fm ab `glcrobe`gsmeug fbr`b mgec gtrbfb.

Mstb lbsm sm rmba`z b trbvs fm ab smamee`g fm acs fbtcs ecgs`fmrbfcsfm `gtmrs pbrb eunr`r ma cnkmt`vc fma mstuf`c, fm beumrfc b er`tmr`cs fmecdmrmge`b y betuba`fbf fm ab `glcrobe`g cntmg`fb.


21/151


Xi`gb

>8

5 Lbsm; Mabncrbe `g fma eumst`cgbr`c.

Ab cntmge`g fm ab `glcrobe`g gmemsbr`b pbrb ab mabncrbe`g fmabga`s`s eubgt`tbt`vc sm cntuvc omf`bgtm ab bpaèbe`g fm ugeumst`cgbr`c fm ab fmobgfb pctmge`ba fm usubr`cs fm ebsbs rurbamsobycr`tbr`bomgtm ecg crìmg mg ab Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgb.

Ab mabncrbe`g fma eumst`cgbr`c sm rmba`z tcobgfc ecoc rmlmrmge`b

ctrcs eumst`cgbr`cs utà`zbfcs pbrb rmecimr `glcrobe`g sòàbr crmabe`cgbfb mg ctrcs on`tcs imcirlècs c mg ma ecgtmxtc fm ctrcsmstuf`cs (ma eumst`cgbr`c fm ceupbe`g mg backbo`mgtcs turstècsrurbams fma @GM, eumst`cgbr`cs mabncrbfcs smig ab Bimgfb >2 Aceba fmf`vmrscs ougè`p`cs, mte.). Vrbs mvbaubr ab mlèbe`b y l`bnà`fbf fm fèdceumst`cgbr`c, ma mqu`pc fm `gvmstìbe`g prcemf` b mgtrmv`stbr b ugboumstrb fm pmrscgbs qum dbnbg tmg`fc baiugb mxpmr`mge`b fm tur`socmg ebsbs rurbams y qum prcvmgbg obycr`tbr`bomgtm fm ab Ecoug`fbf\bamge`bgb y, mg omgcr omf`fb, fm abs ecoug`fbfms fm Obfr`f yEbtbaub.

Acs fbtcs rmeci`fcs mg mstm mstuf`c sm rmecpàbrcg b trbvs fm trmsirbgfms t`pcs fm prmiugtbs;

Xrmiugtbs emrrbfbs, mg abs qum sm prmsmgtb ba mgtrmv`stbfc ugbsmr`m fm batmrgbt`vbs fm rmspumstb mgtrm abs qum fmnm mami`r absqum ecgs`fmrm qum sm bkustbg b su s`tube`g pbrtèuabr.

Xrmiugtbs smo`bn`mrtbs, mg abs qum sm clrmem ba mgtrmv`stbfc absbatmrgbt`vbs fm rmspumstb, pmrc tbon`g sm am prmsmgtb ab cpe`gfm rmspcgfmr ugb batmrgbt`vb f`st`gtb b abs pabgtmbfbs, utà`zbgfcsus prcp`bs pbabnrbs.

Xrmiugtbs bn`mrtbs, mg abs qum sm rmecim fm obgmrb tmxtuba abrmspumstb mspcgtgmb bpcrtbfb pcr ma mgtrmv`stbfc.


22/151


Xi`gb

>2

6 Lbsm; Vrbnbkc f m ebopc .

Ma trbnbkc fm ebopc lum bpaèbfc pcr ma mqu`pc tegèc fmmgeumstbfcrms. Um rmeci`mrcg acs fbtcs gmemsbr`cs pbrb mamstuf`c mgtrm bqumaabs pmrscgbs qum beemf`mrcg b pbrtè`pbrvcaugtbr`bomgtm.

- Umamee`g fm ab oumstrb; sm smamee`cg ugb oumstrb gcprcnbnàstèb, fbfb ab f`lèuatbf fm beemsc b pmrscgbs fm abEcoug`fbf \bamge`bgb, ab Ecoug`fbf fm Obfr`f y Ebtbaub qumdun`msmg beuf`fc b baiugb ebsb rurba y qu`s`mrbg ecopbrt`r sumxpmr`mge`b fm smrvè`c. Um mstbname`mrcg ugbs euctbs smig masmxc y ab mfbf fm acs mgtrmv`stbfcs, mg rmabe`g y prcpcre`g bacs fbtcs fma pmrlà fm acs usubr`cs fm ebsbs rurbams ecg fmst`gcab Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgb.=

- Lcrobe`g fma mqu`pc fm trbnbkc fm ebopc, pbrb ibrbgt`zbr ma

ecrrmetc trbtbo`mgtc fma eumst`cgbr`c y mv`tbr pcs`nams prcnamobssm fmsbrrcaa ugb lcrobe`g mspme`ba`zbfb fma mqu`pc qum`gtmrv`gc mg mstm prcemsc.

- Xrm-tmst; sm rmba`z ugb prumnb fma `gstruomgtc qum sm utà`zfml`g`t`vbomgtm pbrb ab rmeci`fb fm fbtcs, ms fme`r, fmaeumst`cgbr`c, pbrb ibrbgt`zbr ab ecrrmetb rmeci`fb fm `glcrobe`g.Ecrrmi`fc ma eumst`cgbr`c y tmstbfb su vba`fmz, sm prcemf` bbpaèbrac pbrb ab rmeci`fb fm fbtcs.

- ^meci`fb fm `glcrobe`g; sm bpaè acs eumst`cgbr`cs b aboumstrb bgtmr`cromgtm smamee`cgbfb b trbvs fm mgeumstbstmamlgèbs.

=Xmrlà mxtrbfc fm acs mstuf`cs bgubams fma Cnsmrvbtcr`c \bamge`bgc fm Vur`soc y ma@gst`tutc Gbe`cgba fm Mstbfstèb (@GM).


23/151


Xi`gb

>>

=Lbsm; Vrbtbo `mgt c fm ab `gl crobe`g rmec i` fb b tr bvsfma eumst `cg br `c y mabncrbe`g fma glcro m.

Acs fbtcs fma mstuf`c lumrcg bgba`zbfcs y rmv`sbfcs pcr ma mqu`pc fm`gvmstìbe`g fm beumrfc ba sìu`mgtm msqumob;

- Mabncrbe`g fma pabg fm rmv`s`g y supmrv`s`g pmrobgmgtm; mamqu`pc fm `gvmstìbe`g mabncr ug pabg fm rmv`s`g fma trbnbkcfm ebopc fmst`gbfc b mvbaubr y ecrrmi`r acs pcs`nams lbaacs fmeba`fbf prmsmgtms mg acs fbtcs.

- Ecoprcnbe`g fm acs fbtcs fm ab oumstrb; sm mxtrbkc ugboumstrb fma ecgkugtc fm mgtrmv`stbs qum ma mqu`pc fm`gvmstìbe`g mspmrbnb cntmgmr ba l`gba`zbr ma trbnbkc fm ebopc.Ma mqu`pc fm `gvmstìbe`g mspmrbnb ecgstbtbr ab vmrbe`fbf fm

acs fbtcs y fma fmsbrrcaac fma trbnbkc fm ebopc ecoprcnbgfc acsfbtcs ecgtmg`fcs mg ab o`sob b trbvs fm ugb aabobfb fmsupmrv`s`g b acs o`monrcs fm mstb oumstrb. Fèdc prcemsc lumfmsebrtbfc pcr ma mqu`pc fm `gvmstìbe`g fmn`fc b qum acseccrf`gbfcrms fma o`soc mstuv`mrcg supmrv`sbgfcecgt`gubomgtm ma fmsbrrcaac fma trbnbkc fm ebopc yecoprcnbgfc su vmrbe`fbf.

5.5.2 Lèdb tegèb.

B ecgt`gube`g sm oumstrbg abs ebrbetmrstèbs tegèbs fm ab`gvmstìbe`g fm ab fmobgfb pctmge`ba fm ebsbs rurbams.


24/151


Xi`gb

>5

]g`vmrsc

Xmrscgbs fm abs trms prcv`ge`bs fm ab Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgb(Baèbgtm, Ebstmaag y \bamge`b), ab Ecoug`fbf fm Obfr`f yEbtbaub qum dun`msmg rmba`zbfc tur`soc mg ugb ebsb rurba.

V`pc fm oumstrmc

Xbrb ab rmba`zbe`g fm mstm mstuf`c sm utà`z ug oumstrmc gcprcnbnàstèc aabobfc ncab fm g`mvm, utà`zbfc mg mstuf`csmxpacrbtcr`cs. Mstm oumstrmc sm rmba`z, bsò`soc, pcr euctbs fmmfbf, smxc y zcgb imcirlèb.

Vbobc oumstrba

Ma tbobc oumstrba fma mstuf`c sm ecgermt mg 240 pmrscgbs fmabs zcgbs imcirlèbs mxpumstbs (Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgb,Ecoug`fbf fm Obfr`f y Ebtbaub), f`str`nu`fbs mg prcpcre`g,

btmgf`mgfc b ab f`str`nue`g fm acs usubr`cs fm tur`soc rurbafmgtrc fm ab Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgb.

Baèbgtm; 68 mgtrmv`stbs.Ebstmaag; 5< mgtrmv`stbs.\bamge`b; 02 mgtrmv`stbs.Obfr`f; 4 mgtrmv`stbs.Ebtbaub; 26 mgtrmv`stbs.

Vrbnbkc fm ebopc

Ab rmeci`fb fm `glcrobe`g sm db rmba`zbfc pcr pbrtm fma mqu`pcfm `gvmstìbe`g furbgtm acs omsms fm lmnrmrc y obrzc fm >822.


25/151

CLM^VB V]^@UV@EB ^]^BA

Xi`gb

>6

ebsbs rurbams

mg >828, ma @GMmst `ob ug gomrcfm 024 mg mstbecoug`fbf,

s`mgf c ma gomrcfm pabzbs tctba fmabs o `sobs fm

828 ma gomrc fm v`bkmrcsfm tur`soc rurba mg ab Ecoug`fbf\bamge`bgb lum fm 224.=25, rmprmsmgtbgfc ug pcremgtbkm fma 6,6%gbe`cgba. Fm stcs, ma 0828, mg mstb ecoug`fbf lum fm 5=


26/151


Xi`gb

>=

Clmrtb turstèb smt rbtb fma ecg kug tc fmprcfue tcs turstè cs ysmrv è `cs pumstcs b

f`spc sè `g fmausu br`c tu rst èc mg u gfmst `gc fmtmro`gbfc ,pbrb su f `slrutm y

ecgsuoc

Xcr ctrc abfc, ab mstbge`b omf`b mg backbo`mgtcs fm tur`soc rurba fm abEcoug`fbf \bamge`bgb lum fm 5,82 fbs lrmgtm b acs >,44 fbs fm abomf`b gbe`cgba.828, ma @GMmstòb ug gomrc fm 024 mg mstb ecoug`fbf butgcob, s`mgfc magomrc fm pabzbs mstòbfbs tctba fm abs o`sobs fm


27/151


Xi`gb

>9

n) scg mf`lèbe`cgms ecg ugb t`pcacib brqu`tmetgèb prcp`b fm abzcgb c mstg s`tubfcs mg l`gebs qum obgt`mgmg bet`vbsmxpactbe`cgms bircpmeubr`bs (birctur`soc),

e) y clrmemg ug gomrc aò`tbfc fm pabzbs y dbn`tbe`cgms pbrb mabackbo`mgtc fm duspmfms, bfmos fm rmug`r e`mrtcs rmqu`s`tcsfm `glrbmstrueturb y fctbe`cgms nsèbs.

U`g monbric, ma fmermtc >8828 fm 5 fm fè`monrm rmiuabfcr fmabackbo`mgtc turstèc mg ab Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgb rmecim tbon`g qum() ecg ebretmr mxempe`cgba y mg supumstcs ecgermtcs, acsmstbnameò`mgtcs fm backbo`mgtc prmv`stcs mg ab prmsmgtm f`spcsè`gpcfrg unèbrsm, prmv`c `glcrom prmempt`vc y v`geuabgtm fma Umrvè`cVmrr`tcr`ba fm Vur`soc ecrrmspcgf`mgtm, mg zcgbs euyc usc smbmo`gmgtmomgtm birecab, ibgbfmrc c lcrmstba, c qum prmsmgtmg ug`gtmrs omf`cbon`mgtba, euaturba c v`suba qum rmsuatm becrfm ecg ab

bpaèbe`g fm ctrbs pcatèbs smetcr`bams y pmro`tb ab f`gbo`zbe`gmecgoèb fma mgtcrgc.

Ocfba`fbf fm usc.

Mg eubgtc b abs ocfba`fbfms fm baquàmr9mg abs qum sm pumfm f`slrutbrfm ug backbo`mgtc fm tur`soc rurba, pumfmg smr ugb fm mstbs fcsocfba`fbfms;

b) sm fml`gm ocfba`fbf fm baquàmr fm usc ecopamtc ecoc abecgtrbtbe`g gtmirb fma `goumnam pbrb usc mxeaus`vc fmaecgtrbtbgtm.

9Umig ma @gst`tutc Gbe`cgba fm Mstbfstèb.


29/151


Xi`gb

>4

n) sm fml`gm ocfba`fbf fm baquàmr fm usc ecopbrt`fcecoc abecgtrbtbe`g `gf`v`fuba`zbfb fm dbn`tbe`cgms fmgtrc fm abprcp`b v`v`mgfb.

V`pcacib y ebtmicrbs fm mstbnameò`mgtcs.

Xcr ctrc abfc, smig ma FME^MVC >8828, fm 5 fm fè`monrm,rmiuabfcr fma backbo`mgtc turstèc rurba mg ma `gtmr`cr fm ab Ecoug`fbf

\bamge`bgb, mg abs zcgbs fma `gtmr`cr fm ab ecoug`fbf sm pcfrgprmstbr, bfmos fm abs yb rmiuabfbs pcr ab Imgmrba`tbt, abs sìu`mgtmsocfba`fbfms fm backbo`mgtc turstèc;

b) Ebsb rurba, ecopbrt`fb c gc ecg sus prcp`mtbr`cs c usubr`cs. Ummgt`mgfm pcr backbo`mgtc mg ebsbs rurbams ma clrme`fc omf`bgtmprme`c y fm lcrob dbn`tuba mg v`v`mgfbs, ceupbfbs c gc pcr susprcp`mtbr`cs c usubr`cs, qum euopabg acs rmqu`s`tcs mstbname`fcspcr ma Fmermtc.

n) Bebopbfb mg l`geb pbrtèuabr ecg v`v`mgfb dbn`tbfb. Um mgt`mgfmpcr backbo`mgtc mg bebopbfb mg l`geb pbrtèuabr ma clrme`fc, fmlcrob dbn`tuba y omf`bgtm prme`c, pbrb su rmba`zbe`g mg t`mgfb fmebopbb c ebrbvbgb mg tmrrmgcs fm prcp`mfbf pbrtèuabr mg acsqum mx`stb ugb v`v`mgfb dbn`tbfb. Ab prmstbe`g fm mstb ocfba`fbffm backbo`mgtc smr ecopbt`nam ecg ab fm backbo`mgtc ecopbrt`fcmg ebsbs rurbams, s`moprm qum ma gomrc fm backbfcs b ab vmz gcsupmrm ma fm 2< pmrscgbs.

e) Banmrium turstèc. Um mgt`mgfm pcr backbo`mgtc mg banmriumturstèc ma clrme`fc, fm lcrob dbn`tuba y omf`bgtm prme`c, mgmstbnameò`mgtc dbnà`tbfc pbrb backbr b v`bkmrcs mg `gstbabe`cgmsecamet`vbs ecg dbn`tbe`cgms oat`pams. Ab ebpbe`fbf fm acsbanmriums smr, ecoc ogòc, fm 29 pabzbs.


30/151


Xi`gb

>0

Bfmos fm mstb eabs`lèbe`g mx`stmg, pbrb ebsbs rurbams y banmriumsturstècs, abs ebtmicrbs mstgfbr y supmr`cr, qum sm fmtmro`gbrg,s`g pmrkuè`c fma euopaò`mgtc fm acs rmqu`s`tcs tegècs imgmrbams ymspmelècs qum mg ebfb ocfba`fbf smbg mxì`nams, fm ecglcro`fbfecg ac f`spumstc mg ma Fmermtc y, pcr ctrb pbrtm, ma eba`lèbt`vc aukc,qum sac pcfr smr ctcribfc b acs mstbnameò`mgtcs eabs`lèbfcs mg abebtmicrb supmr`cr, prmv`b scaè`tuf fm acs `gtmrmsbfcs y mg btmge`g bsus ebrbetmrstèbs, smrvè`cs m `gstbabe`cgms.

Mspme`ba`fbfms.

L`gbaomgtm, mx`stmg tbon`g mspme`ba`fbfms fm backbo`mgtc rurba mgtrmabs qum sm rmecimg obsbs, baqumrbs y rùrbus, pcr ug abfc, y ebsbsfm pumnac pcr ctrc.

Eubgfc ma smrvè`c fm backbo`mgtc sm prmstb mg mf`lè`cs b`sabfcs, fmos fm =8 bcs fm bgtìmfbf, fmn`fbomgtm fbtbfcs y ebtbacibfcs yqum, rmdbnà`tbfcs c gc, rmspcgfmg b ab brqu`tmeturb trbfè`cgba fm abzcgb fcgfm sm unèbg, acs backbo`mgtcs rurbams ecg mstbsebrbetmrstèbs pcfrg scaè`tbr y cntmgmr ab mspme`ba`fbf obsb,baqumrb c rurbu.

Mg ac rmlmrmgtm b ab mspme`ba`fbf fm ebsb fm pumnacpcfr scaè`tbrsmeubgfc ma smrvè`c fm backbo`mgtc mg ebsbs rurbams sm prmstb mgmf`lè`cs s`tubfcs mg ebsec urnbgc, qum ecgst`tuybg ugb gèbv`v`mgfb, ecgsmrvbfcs c rmdbnà`tbfcs ecglcrom b ab brqu`tmeturb y ecgacs obtmr`bams trbfè`cgbams fm ab zcgb.


31/151


Xi`gb

58

@austrbe`g 6.2.2.2. Eabs`lèbe`g fm acs t`pcs fm backbo`mgtcs rurbamsfm ab Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgb.

EbrbetmrstèbsOcfba`fbf fm

baquàmrV`pc Ebtmicrb Mspme`ba`fbf

- U`tubfcs mg ma omf`crurba

- V`pcacibbrqu`tmetgèb prcp`bfm ab zcgb

- G fm pabzbs aò`tbfcy rmqu`s`tcs ogòcsfm `glrbmstrueturbs yfctbe`g

- ]sc ecopamtc

- ]sc

ecopbrt`fc (pcrdbn`tbe`cgms)

Ebsb rurbaMstgfbrUupmr`crAukc

ObsbBaqumrb^ùrbuEbsb fmpumnac

Banmriumturstèc

Bebopbfbmg l`gebpbrtèuabr ecgv`v`mgfbceupbfb


@gè`bt`vbs fmsfm ab Bfo`g`strbe`g Xnaèb; Ab iub

Vmops.

Mx`stm fmsfm ma bc >880 ugb `gè`bt`vb fm ab Ecgsmaamr`b fm Vur`somfm ab Imgmrba`tbt \bamge`bgb qum prmtmgfm ecglcrobrsm ecoc bpumstbl`rom pcr ma fmsbrrcaac turstèc fm `gtmr`cr, omf`bgtm ab ermbe`g fm ugEaun fm Xrcfuetc fm Backbo`mgtc fm @gtmr`cr fm ab Ecoug`fbf\bamge`bgb. Mstm eaun pbrtm fm ugb smr`m fm prmo`sbs mgtrm abs qum smrmecim ab fm bugbr ab omkcr clmrtb fm backbo`mgtcs fm `gtmr`cr,imgmrbgfc s`gmri`bs mgtrm sus o`monrcs y prcymetbgfc ba omrebfc ugocfmac fm fmsbrrcaac moprmsbr`ba.4

Ab l`gba`fbf atòb fm mstb `gè`bt`vb ms birupbr moprmsbs ebpbems fmrmspcgfmr b abs mxìmge`bs fma omrebfc, qum f`spcgmg fm prcfuetcssa`fcs, prclms`cgbams y qum trbnbkbg scnrm abs prmo`sbs fm omrebfcv`geuabfbs ba smetcr tur`soc.

4Abs e`tbs mg eurs`vb sm rml`mrmg b ugb gctb fm prmgsb punaèbfb mg ab pi`gb wmn fm abImgmrba`tbt \bamge`bgb;dttp;//www.ivb.ms/pcrtba/pbim/pcrtba/`gè`c/brmbSfmSprmgsb/gctSfmtbaamSbrmbSprmgsb3`f?582=85


32/151


Xi`gb

52

]gc fm acs rmsuatbfcs fm mstb `gè`bt`vb ms ab ermbe`g fm ab obrebVmops0qum, ecoc `gfèb ab prcp`b Ecgsmaamr`b, ms ugb obreb qumbiaut`gb dctmams, dcstbams, ebsbs rurbams y bpbrtbomgtcs turstècs qumt`mgmg ecoc mamomgtc f`lmrmge`bfcr ab mxemamge`b mg sus smrvè`cs,

prclms`cgba`fbf m `gstbabe`cgms qum sm imst`cgb y sm rmiuab b trbvs fmug prcemsc bguba fm buf`tcrbs y supmrv`s`g fm `glrbmstrueturbs ysmrvè`cs.

Betubaomgtm ab obreb Vmops mst ecopumstb fm 96 backbo`mgtcs fm

`gtmr`cr fm abs trms prcv`ge`bs fm ab Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgb, mgtrm acsqum sm rmecimg dctmams, ebsbs rurbams (fm baquàmr ecopbrt`fc yecopamtc), dcstbams y v`v`mgfbs fm tur`soc rurba, nbkc fmtmro`gbfbsprmo`sbs fm eba`fbf y prclms`cgba`fbf fma smrvè`c.

Fm mstm ocfc, mstb obreb, Vmops, sm ecgv`mrtm mg ugb rmlmrmge`bpbrb acs backbo`mgtcs fm `gtmr`cr fm ab Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgb mgtro`gcs fm ab eba`fbf fma prcfuetc qum clrmemg, tbgtc b g`vma fm`gstbabe`cgms y pcs`nà`fbfms ecoc mg ac rmlmrmgtm ba smrvè`c y

btmge`g.

6.2.> Bga`s`s fm ab mvcaue`g fm abs ebsbs rurbams mg abEcoug`fbf \bamge`bgb.

Mg mstm bpbrtbfc sm rmba`zb ug bga`s`s fm ab mvcaue`g fma tur`soc fmebsbs rurbams mg ma on`tc imcirlèc fm ab Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgb s`gf`lmrmge`br pcr prcv`ge`bs, mg acs bspmetcs rmabt`vcs b ab clmrtb turstèb.

Xbrb ab prmsmgtbe`g fm acs fbtcs sm db rmecpàbfc `glcrobe`g fmbcs prmemfmgtms ecg ab l`gba`fbf fm ocstrbr ugb mvcaue`g fm abs

0F`spcg`nam mg @gtmrgmt; dttp;//www.tmopsbackbo`mgtcsfm`gtmr`cr.eco


33/151


Xi`gb

5>

e`lrbs fm mstm t`pc fm tur`soc mg eubgtc b vbr`bnams28 rmabt`vbs b abclmrtb turstèb, qum b ecgt`gube`g sm fmtbaabg y fmser`nmg;

- Gomrc fm mstbnameò`mgtcs mstòbfcs. Gomrc fmbackbo`mgtcs fm tur`soc rurba bn`mrtcs fm tmopcrbfb mstòbfcspcr ab mgeumstb.

- Gomrc fm pabzbs mstòbfbs.Gomrc fm pabzbs mstòbfbs pcrab mgeumstb fm acs backbo`mgtcs fm tur`soc rurba bn`mrtcs fmtmopcrbfb. Um mgt`mgfm pcr pabzbs fm ug backbo`mgtc fm tur`socrurba ma gomrc fm ebobs l`kbs fm qum f`spcgm: gc sm `geauymg, pcrtbgtc, abs supamtcr`bs, y abs fm obtròcg`c ecgtbrbg ecoc fcspabzbs.

- Irbfc fm ceupbe`g pcr pabzbs.^mabe`g, mg pcremgtbkm, mgtrmma tctba fm abs pmrgcetbe`cgms y ma prcfuetc fm abs pabzbs (qum`geauymg abs ebobs supamtcr`bs) pcr acs fbs b qum sm rml`mrmg abs

pmrgcetbe`cgms.

- Irbfc fm ceupbe`g pcr pabzbs mg l`g fm smobgb.^mabe`g, mgpcremgtbkm, mgtrm ma tctba fm abs pmrgcetbe`cgms y ma prcfuetc fmabs pabzbs (qum `geauymg abs ebobs supamtcr`bs) fm acs fbs v`mrgmsy snbfc.

- Xmrscgba mopambfc. Um fml`gm ecoc ma ecgkugtc fm pmrscgbs,

rmougmrbfbs y gc rmougmrbfbs, qum ecgtr`nuymg omf`bgtm abbpcrtbe`g fm su trbnbkc, b ab prcfuee`g fm n`mgms y smrvè`cs mgma mstbnameò`mgtc furbgtm ma oms qum `geauym ma pmrcfc fmrmlmrmge`b fm ab mgeumstb, bugqum trbnbkmg lumrb fm acs acebams fmao`soc.

28Fml`gè`cgms y fbtcs smeugfbr`cs tcobfcs fma @gst`tutc Gbe`cgba fm Mstbfstèb. Mstmcribg`soc ebaeuab fèdbs vbr`bnams fm lcrob omgsuba. Xbrb ocstrbr ab mvcaue`g fm acsbspmetcs rmabe`cgbfcs ecg ma tur`soc rurba sm dbg tcobfc acs fbtcs omgsubams y smdbg ebaeuabfc acs fbtcs bgubams.


34/151


Xi`gb

55

Xbrb ma bga`s`s fm mstb mvcaue`g sm db tcobfc ma pmr`cfcecoprmgf`fc mgtrm acs bcs >88= y >828, boncs `geaus`vm. Fm mstmocfc sm pumfmg bprme`br acs ebon`cs becgtme`fcs mg acs atòcs bcs(s` acs dun`mrb) mg rmabe`g ba tur`soc rurba, s`g ab gmems`fbf fmrmocgtbrsm ouy btrs mg ma t`mopc.

G fm mstbnameò`mgtcs mstòbfcs.

Ab tmgfmge`b mg eubgtc ba gomrc fm ebsbs rurbams mg ab Ecoug`fbf\bamge`bgb mg acs atòcs bcs ms fm `germomgtc irbfuba. Fmsfm mabc >88= ba >828 ab clmrtb fm ebsbs rurbams mg ab Ecoug`fbf\bamge`bgb sm db `germomgtbfc, ecgermtbomgtm mg ugb ebgt`fbf fm>6= ebsbs rurbams.

@austrbe`g 6.2.>.2. Mvcaue`g fma gomrc mstòbfc fm ebsbs rurbamsmg ab Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgb mg ma pmr`cfc >88=->828.

Lumgtm;mabncrbe`g prcp`b smig fbtcs fma @GM. Gctb;fbtcs mg omf`bs bgubams.

88= >88< >889 >884 >880 >828


35/151


Xi`gb

56

G fm pabzbs mstòbfbs mg ebsbs rurbams.

Xcr ctrc abfc, sm bgba`zb ab mvcaue`g fma gomrc fm pabzbs fm ebsbsrurbams, ecgs`fmrbgfc qum ecoc oxòc pumfmg tmgmr 2< pabzbs pcrmstbnameò`mgtc, `geau`fbs abs ebobs supamtcr`bs.

@austrbe`g 6.2.>.>. Mvcaue`g fma gomrc fm pabzbs mstòbfbs fm ebsbsrurbams mg ab Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgb mg ma pmr`cfc >88=->828.

Lumgtm;mabncrbe`g prcp`b smig fbtcs fma @GM. Gctb;fbtcs mg omf`bs bgubams

Ma gomrc fm pabzbs fm ebsbs rurbams mg ab Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgbsìum ab o`sob mvcaue`g erme`mgtm qum ma gomrc fm mstbnameò`mgtcs,obrebgfc ab eurvb ab o`sobs `glamx`cgms mg boncs ebscs; fm >88= b>88< sm prcfuem ug ermeò`mgtc baic obycr, fm >88< b >889 ma`germomgtc ms omgcr, y fm >889 mg bfmabgtm ma buomgtc fm pabzbs msos irbfuba (ba ìuba qum ab mvcaue`g fma gomrc fm mstbnameò`mgtcsmg ma o`soc pmr`cfc).

6.098

=.=4==.955

0=889 >884 >880 >828


36/151


Xi`gb

5=


@austrbe`g 6.2.>.5. Mvcaue`g fma irbfc fm ceupbe`g pcr pabzbs fmebsbs rurbams mg ab Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgb mg ma pmr`cfc >88=->828.

Lumgtm;mabncrbe`g prcp`b smig fbtcs fma @GM.Gctb;fbtcs mg omf`bs fm pcremgtbkms.

O`mgtrbs sm `germomgtb ma gomrc fm mstbnameò`mgtcs y fm pabzbs fmebsbs rurbams, sm prcfuem ug fmsemgsc fma irbfc fm ceupbe`g mg acsatòcs bcs, ab tmgfmge`b ms fmerme`mgtm, nbkbgfc ebs` 6 pugtcspcremgtubams fmsfm ma bc >88= dbstb ma bc >828.

Irbfc fm ceupbe`g pcr pabzbs mg l`g fm smobgb.

Ma irbfc fm ceupbe`g pcr pabzbs mg l`g fm smobgb sìum ugbtmgfmge`b sòàbr ba irbfc fm ceupbe`g pcr pabzbs mstgfbr, ecg absbavmfbf fm qum trbs ma nrusec fmsemgsc qum sm prcfuem mg >884 mairbfc fm ceupbe`g pcr pabzbs mg l`g fm smobgb sm `germomgtbamvmomgtm.

25,4=% 25,688< >889 >884 >880 >828


37/151


Xi`gb

5.6. Mvcaue`g fma irbfc fm ceupbe`g pcr pabzbs mg l`gfm smobgb fm ebsbs rurbams mg ab Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgb mg ma pmr`cfc>88=->828.

Lumgtm;mabncrbe`g prcp`b smig fbtcs fma @GM.Gctb;fbtcs mg omf`bs bgubams fm pcremgtbkms.

Fma bc >88= (>>,6828 (24,55% fm ceupbe`g pcr pabzbs mg l`g fm smobgb) sm prcfuemug fmsemgsc fm 6,25 pugtcs pcremgtubams.

Xmrscgba mopambfc.

Ab tmgfmge`b rmspmetc ba gomrc fm pmrscgba mopambfc ms fm`germomgtc, b mxempe`g fma bc >884, mg ma qum sm prcfuem ug amvmfmsemgsc fma pmrscgba mopambfc mg ebsbs rurbams, s` n`mg mg acs bcspcstmr`crms sm rmi`strb ug erme`o`mgtc.

>>,6>,8=%>2,88= >88< >889 >884 >880 >828


38/151


Xi`gb

59

@austrbe`g 6.2.>.6. Mvcaue`g fma g fm pmrscgba mopambfc mg ebsbsrurbams mg ab Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgb mg ma pmr`cfc >88=- >828.


Mg ma bc >828 dbnb 2.524 pmrscgbs mopambfbs mg ebsbs rurbams mgab Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgb, >>2 pmrscgbs mopambfbs os qum mg mabc >88= mg ma qum dbnb 2.809 pmrscgbs mopambfbs mg ebsbsrurbams.

6.2.5 Mvcaue`g fma gomrc fm mstbnameò`mgtcs y pabzbs fmebsbs rurbams pcr prcv`ge`bs.

Mstcs fbtcs dbg s`fc cntmg`fcs fm abs punaèbe`cgms turstèbs bgubamsfm ab Ecgsmaamr`b fm Vur`som, euyb omtcfcacib pbrb ecgtbnà`zbr magomrc fm ebsbs rurbams pcr prcv`ge`bs db s`fc mlmetubr ug rmeumgtc b52 fm fè`monrm fm ebfb bc. Mg mstm smgt`fc, acs fbtcs vbr`brgamvmomgtm mg rmabe`g b acs bpcrtbfcs pcr ma @gst`tutc Gbe`cgba fmMstbfstèb, euyb bpcrtbe`g sm nbsb mg mstòbe`cgms.

2.8092.286

2.865

2.>>02.524

>88= >88< >889 >884 >880 >828


39/151


Xi`gb

54

6.2.5.2 BA@EBGVM.

Gomrc fm mstbnameò`mgtcs;

Mg ab prcv`ge`b fm Baèbgtm ma gomrc fm ebsbs rurbams bse`mgfm mg mabc >828 b >5>. Ab mvcaue`g smiu`fb mg acs atòcs bcs mg acrmlmrmgtm b mstm t`pc fm backbo`mgtc fm tur`soc rurba mg mstb prcv`ge`bfm ab Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgb db s`fc pcs`t`vb, b pmsbr fm abse`reugstbge`bs fmslbvcrbnams fm ab s`tube`g mecgoèb iacnba.

@austrbe`g 6.2.5.2.2. Mvcaue`g fma gomrc fm ebsbs rurbams mg abprcv`ge`b fm Baèbgtm mg ma pmr`cfc fm >88= b >828.

Lumgtm;mabncrbe`g prcp`b smig fbtcs fm ab Ecgsmaamr`b fm Vur`som.Gctb; fbtcs b 52 fm fè`monrm fma bc ecrrmspcgf`mgtm.

Xcr ctrc abfc, y btmgf`mgfc b ab mvcaue`g fma gomrc fm ebsbsrurbams, sm prmsmgtb b ecgt`gube`g ma gfèm fm vbr`be`g `gtmrbgubaqum supcgm msb mvcaue`g mg rmabe`g ba bc prmemfmgtm mg ebfbebsc, ms fme`r, sm ebaeuab ma `germomgtc mxpmròmgtbfc ebfb bc mgrmabe`g ba bc bgtmr`cr.

296246

>82 >84>>2 >5>

>88= >88< >889 >884 >880 >828


40/151


Xi`gb

50

@austrbe`g 6.2.5.2.>. Gomrc fm ebsbs rurbams mg ab prcv`ge`b fm Baèbgtmy pcremgtbkm fm vbr`be`g `gtmrbguba.

Bc G fm ebsbs rurbams % vbr`be`g `gtmrbguba*

>88= 296 -

>88< 246 =,9%

>889 >82 0,>%

>884 >84 5,=%

>880 >>2 828 >5> =,8%

Lumgtm;mabncrbe`g prcp`b smig fbtcs fm ab Ecgsmaamr`b fm Vur`som.*Gctb;ab vbr`be`g `gtmrbguba sm ebaeuab btmgf`mgfc b ab e`lrb fma bc prmemfmgtm.

U` sm bgba`zb ma gfèm fm vbr`be`g tctba fmsfm ma bc >88=, sm cnsmrvbqum ma gomrc fm mstbnameò`mgtcs mg ab prcv`ge`b fm Baèbgtm dbmxpmròmgtbfc ug ermeò`mgtc fma 55,5% dbstb ma bc >828,prcfue`gfcsm ma obycr g`vma fm ermeò`mgtc fm >88< b >889.

@austrbe`g 6.2.5.2.5. gfèm fm ermeò`mgtc tctba fma g fm ebsbs rurbamsmg ab prcv`ge`b fm Baèbgtm mg ma pmr`cfc >88=->828.

Lumgtm;mabncrbe`g prcp`b smig fbtcs fm ab Ecgsmaamr`b fm Vur`som.Gctb;ebaeuabfc b pbrt`r fm acs fbtcs fm ab àustrbe`g 6.2.5.2.2.

=,9%

2=,=%20,=%

>9,8%

55,5%

>88< >889 >884 >880 >828


41/151


Xi`gb

68

Gomrc fm pabzbs;

Mg ac qum rmspmetb ba gomrc fm pabzbs fm ebsbs rurbams, ebnmrmecrfbr qum ma gomrc oxòc fm pabzbs pcr ebsb rurba ms fm 28828). Vmg`mgfc mstm fbtc mg ecgs`fmrbe`g, smprmsmgtb ab mvcaue`g ba rmspmetc fma gomrc fm pabzbs fm ebsbsrurbams mg ab prcv`ge`b fm Baèbgtm mg ma pmr`cfc ecoprmgf`fc mgtrm acsbcs >88= y >828, boncs `geaus`vm; Ab tmgfmge`b qum sìum ma gomrcfm pabzbs fm ebsbs rurbams mg ab prcv`ge`b fm Baèbgtm ms bsemgfmgtmfmsfm ma bc >88= dbstb ma >828.

@austrbe`g 6.2.5.2.6. Mvcaue`g fma gomrc fm pabzbs fm ebsbs rurbams mgab prcv`ge`b fm Baèbgtm mg ma pmr`cfc fma bc >88= ba >828.

Lumgtm;mabncrbe`g prcp`b smig fbtcs fm ab Ecgsmaamr`b fm Vur`som.Gctb;fbtcs b 52 fm fè`monrm fma bc ecrrmspcgf`mgtm.

B ecgt`gube`g sm prmsmgtbg acs fbtcs rmlmrmgtms ba pcremgtbkm fmvbr`be`g `gtmrbguba fm ab mvcaue`g fma gomrc fm pabzbs mg ebsbsrurbams. Ab tmgfmge`b ms fm ermeò`mgtc fmsfm ma pròmr bc bgba`zbfc,mxpmròmgtbgfc ma obycr fmsbrrcaac mg ma bc >889 qum sm `germomgtbmg ug 2880 >828


42/151


Xi`gb

62

@austrbe`g 6.2.5.2.=. Gomrc fm pabzbs fm ebsbs rurbams mg ab prcv`ge`bfm Ba`ebgtm y pcremgtbkm fm vbr`be`g `gtmrbguba.

Bc G fm pabzbs fm ebsbs rurbams % vbr`be`g `gtmrbguba*

>88= 2.55< -

>88< 2.5,5%

>889 2.=40 2%

>884 2.828.


>,5%

24,0%

>6,0%

5>,6%

62,8%

>88< >889 >884 >880 >828


43/151


Xi`gb

6>

Mgtrm acs bcs >88= y >828 mg `germomgtc fma gomrc fm ebsbsrurbams supcgm ug 62%.

6.2.5.> EBUVMAAG.


Ab prcv`ge`b fm Ebstmaag ms, fm ab Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgb, ab qumt`mgm ug obycr gomrc fm mstbnameò`mgtcs fm ebsbs rurbams, pcrmgeòb fm abs prcv`ge`bs fm \bamge`b y Baèbgtm.

Ab tmgfmge`b fm ab mvcaue`g fma gomrc fm mstbnameò`mgtcs mg mstbprcv`ge`b ms pcs`t`vb, `germomgtgfcsm amvmomgtm ebfb bc.

@austrbe`g 6.2.5.>.2. Mvcaue`g fma gomrc fm ebsbs rurbams mg abprcv`ge`b fm Ebstmaag mg ma pmr`cfc fm >88= b >828.


500 6>88= >88< >889 >884 >880 >828


44/151


Xi`gb

65

Ab vbr`be`g `gtmrbguba fm ab mvcaue`g fma gomrc fm ebsbs rurbams msab qum b ecgt`gube`g sm fmtbaab;

Ma gfèm fm vbr`be`g `gtmrbguba mg acs trms pròmrcs bcs mstuf`bfcsrmprmsmgtb ug 880, mg ma qum sm mxpmròmgtb ug fmsemgsc mg ma r`toc fmermeò`mgtc, s` n`mg ecgt`gbg buomgtbgfc ma gomrc fmmstbnameò`mgtcs.

Mg ma sìu`mgtm bc ma gfèm bse`mgfm ba =,6%, os emrebgc b abtmgfmge`b fm acs pròmrcs bcs.

@austrbe`g 6.2.5.>.>. Gomrc fm ebsbs rurbams mg ab prcv`ge`b fmEbstmaag y pcremgtbkm fm vbr`be`g `gtmrbguba.


>88= 500 -

>88< 6>< 889 6== 884 64< 880 600 >,9%

>828 =>< =,6%Lumgtm;mabncrbe`g prcp`b smig fbtcs fm ab Ecgsmaamr`b fm Vur`som.*Gctb;ab vbr`be`g `gtmrbguba sm ebaeuab btmgf`mgfc b ab e`lrb fma bc prmemfmgtm.

Xcr ctrc abfc, ma gfèm fm ermeò`mgtc tctba supcgm ug 52,4% fm`germomgtc fmsfm ma bc >88= dbstb ma bc >828.


45/151


Xi`gb

66

@austrbe`g 6.2.5.>.5. gfèm fm ermeò`mgtc tctba fma g fm ebsbs rurbamsmg ma pmr`cfc >88=->828.

Lumgtm;mabncrbe`g prcp`b smig fbtcs fm ab Ecgsmaamr`b fm Vur`som.Gctb;ebaeuabfc b pbrt`r fm acs fbtcs fm ab àustrbe`g 6.2.5.>.2.

Gomrc fm pabzbs;

@austrbe`g 6.2.5.>.6. Mvcaue`g fma g fm pabzbs fm ebsbs rurbams mg abprcv`ge`b fm Ebstmaag mg ma pmr`cfc fm >88= b >828.


2,4%

>=,2%

52,4%

>88< >889 >884 >880 >828

>.904 >.0455.246

5.62< 5.=605.988= >88< >889 >884 >880 >828


46/151


Xi`gb

6=

Ecg rmspmetc ba gomrc fm pabzbs fm ebsbs rurbams mg Ebstmaag, mstbon`g ab prcv`ge`b qum os pabzbs t`mgm, yb qum ecoc sm dbecomgtbfc ms ab prcv`ge`b qum os ebsbs rurbams t`mgm fm abEcoug`fbf \bamge`bgb.

Ab mvcaue`g fma gomrc fm pabzbs fm ebsbs rurbams ms erme`mgtm mg ma`gtmrvbac fm bcs bgba`zbfc.

Xcr ctrb pbrtm, ab vbr`be`g `gtmrbguba `germomgtb su pcremgtbkmbarmfmfcr fm ug 9% mg acs pròmrcs bcs, pbrb lrmgbr ma r`toc mg >880(5,0% fm vbr`be`g `gtmrbguba ecg rmspmetc ba bc bgtmr`cr) y vcavmr bermemr mg >828 (gfèm fm ermeò`mgtc fm .=. Gomrc fm pabzbs fm ebsbs rurbams mg ab prcv`ge`bfm Ebstmaag y pcremgtbkm fm vbr`be`g `gtmrbguba.


>88= >.904 -

>88< >.045 880 5.=60 5,0%

>828 5.9


47/151


Xi`gb

6.88=->828.

Lumgtm;mabncrbe`g prcp`b smig fbtcs fm ab Ecgsmaamr`b fm Vur`som.

Gctb;ebaeuabfc b pbrt`r fm acs fbtcs fm ab àustrbe`g 6.2.5.>.6.

6.2.5.5 \BAMGE@B.


Ab prcv`ge`b fm \bamge`b ms ab smiugfb fm ab Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgbmg gomrc fm ebsbs rurbams, pcr fmtrs fm ab prcv`ge`b fm Ebstmaag.

Ab mvcaue`g fma gomrc fm mstbnameò`mgtcs fmfèbfcs b msbbet`v`fbf turstèb ms erme`mgtm mg tcfcs acs bcs mstuf`bfcs, ecoc smbprme`b mg ab àustrbe`g sìu`mgtm;

,2%

>88< >889 >884 >880 >828


48/151


Xi`gb

69

@austrbe`g 6.2.5.5.2. Mvcaue`g fma gomrc fm ebsbs rurbams mg abprcv`ge`b fm \bamge`b mg ma pmr`cfc fm >88= b >828.


Ab vbr`be`g `gtmrbguba fm mstb mvcaue`g ms ab sìu`mgtm;

Ma gfèm fm ermeò`mgtc mg ma pmr`cfc mstuf`bfc ms s`moprm pcs`t`vc, s`n`mg ms os `rrmiuabr qum mg ma ebsc fm abs ctrbs fcs prcv`ge`bsbgba`zbfbs; mg ma bc >88< ab vbr`be`g ecg rmspmetc ba >88= ms fm ug6,884), pbrb lrmgbr su ermeò`mgtc mg>880 (5% fm vbr`be`g bguba tctba) m `germomgtbrsm amvmomgtm ba bcsìu`mgtm (5,0%).

>68 >=2

>9=588

580 5>2

>88= >88< >889 >884 >880 >828


49/151


Xi`gb

64

@austrbe`g 6.2.5.5.>. Gomrc fm ebsbs rurbams mg ab prcv`ge`b fm\bamge`b y pcremgtbkm fm vbr`be`g `gtmrbguba.


>88= >68 -

>88< >=2 6,889 >9= 0,884 588 0,2%

>880 580 5,8%

>828 5>2 5,0%

Lumgtm;mabncrbe`g prcp`b smig fbtcs fm ab Ecgsmaamr`b fm Vur`som.*Gctb;ab vbr`be`g `gtmrbguba sm ebaeuab btmgf`mgfc b ab e`lrb fma bc prmemfmgtm.

@austrbe`g 6.2.5.5.5. gf`em fm erme`o`mgtc tctba fma gomrc fm ebsbsrurbams mg \bamge`b mg ma pmr`cfc >88=->828.


6,4,4%

55,4%

>88< >889 >884 >880 >828


50/151


Xi`gb

60

Xcr ctrb pbrtm fmsfm ma bc >88= dbstb ma bc >828 ma gomrc fmebsbs rurbams sm db `germomgtbfc mg ug 55,4%, mxpmròmgtbgfc acsg`vmams fm ermeò`mgtc os batcs mg acs bcs >889 y >884.

Gomrc fm pabzbs;

Ab mvcaue`g fma gomrc fm pabzbs mg \bamge`b mg ma pmr`cfcbgba`zbfc ms, ba ìuba qum mg abs ctrbs fcs prcv`ge`bs fm ab Ecoug`fbf

\bamge`bgb, pcs`t`vb, ms fme`r ms erme`mgtm mg tcfcs acs bcsmstuf`bfcs.

@austrbe`g 6.2.5.5.6. Mvcaue`g fma gomrc fm pabzbs fm ebsbs rurbams mgab prcv`ge`b fm \bamge`b mg ma pmr`cfc fm >88= b >828.

Lumgtm;mabncrbe`g prcp`b smig fbtcs fm ab Ecgsmaamr`b fm Vur`som. Gctb;fbtcs b52 fm fè`monrm fma bc ecrrmspcgf`mgtm.

Mg eubgtc b ab mvcaue`g `gtmrbguba fma gomrc fm pabzbs ab tmgfmge`bms bg os `rrmiuabr qum mg ma ebsc fm ab mvcaue`g `gtmrbguba fmagomrc fm mstbnameò`mgtcs, ecoc b ecgt`gube`g sm mxpcgm;

2.9252.48=

>.856 >.>28>.> >.626

>88= >88< >889 >884 >880 >828


51/151


Xi`gb

=8

@austrbe`g 6.2.5.5.=. Gomrc fm pabzbs fm ebsbs rurbams mg ab prcv`ge`bfm \bamge`b y pcremgtbkm fm vbr`be`g `gtmrbguba.


>88= 2.925 -

>88< 2.48= =,6%

>889 >.856 2>,9%

>884 >.>28 4,9%

>880 >.> >,6%

>828 >.626 88=dbstb ma bc >828 ma g`vma fm erme`o`mgtc fma gomrc fm pabzbs mg abprcv`ge`b fm \bamge`b db s`fc fm ug 68,0%.

@austrbe`g 6.2.5.5.88=->828.


=,6%

24,9%

>0,8% 5>,8%

68,0%

>88< >889 >884 >880 >828


52/151


Xi`gb

=2

6.2.6 Bga`s`s pcr prcv`ge`bs fm ab clmrtb fm tur`soc rurba.

Xbrb ma bga`s`s pcr prcv`ge`bs sm dbg rmeci`fc fbtcs fm acsbackbo`mgtcs fm tur`soc rurba, s`g f`lmrmge`br mgtrm ebsb rurba, banmriumrurba y bebopbfb mg l`geb pbrtèuabr. U` n`mg, ebnm rmecrfbr qum,fmgtrc fm ab t`pcacib fm mstbnameò`mgtcs fm tur`soc rurba, abocfba`fbf fm ebsb rurba ms ab os guomrcsb, pcr ac qum ma bga`s`squm sm rmba`zb b ecgt`gube`g sm rml`mrm mg irbg omf`fb b mstmprcfuetc ecgermtc fm ab clmrtb turstèb rurba fm ab Ecoug`fbf

\bamge`bgb.

Xbrb àustrbr mstm dmedc b ecgt`gube`g sm prmsmgtb ugb tbnab rmsuomgecg ma gomrc fm backbo`mgtcs rurbams fm ab Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgb, magomrc fm ebsbs rurbams y ma pcremgtbkm qum mstbs rmprmsmgtbg mg abtctba`fbf fm acs backbo`mgtcs fm tur`soc rurba.

@austrbe`g 6.2.6.2. Xcremgtbkm qum rmprmsmgtbg abs ebsbs rurbams fma tctba

fm acs backbo`mgtcs rurbams mg ab Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgb mg ma pmr`cfc fm>88= b >828.

BcG mstbnameò`mgtcs mstòbfcs

fm backbo`mgtc rurbaG mstòbfc fmebsbs rurbams

%

>828 0=6 024 0880 058 40< 0884 44= 4=6 0889 424 946 088< 940 9=6 088= 98=


53/151


Xi`gb

=>

Mg acs atòcs bcs (fm >88= b >828 boncs `geaus`vm), ma pcremgtbkmqum rmprmsmgtbg abs ebsbs rurbams fma tctba fm acs mstbnameò`mgtcs fmbackbo`mgtc rurba fm ab Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgb ms, ecoc ogòc, fm ug0=%, f`str`nuygfcsm ma pcremgtbkm rmstbgtm mgtrm acs ctrcs t`pcs fmbackbo`mgtc fm tur`soc rurba mx`stmgtms.

Mstc òpaèb qum ebs` ab tctba`fbf fma tur`soc rurba mg ab Ecoug`fbf\bamge`bgb mst ecglcrobfc pcr ma tur`soc bsce`bfc b ebsbs rurbams,s`mgfc acs ctrcs t`pcs fm tur`soc rurba ouedc os o`gcr`tbr`cs.

Xbrb ma mstuf`c fm mstcs fbtcs sm db tcobfc ma `gtmrvbac tmopcrbaecoprmgf`fc mgtrm acs bcs >88= y >880, s`mgfc mstm atòc ma bcos betuba scnrm ma qum sm dbg dbaabfc fbtcs fm backbo`mgtc turstècrurba fmsiacsbfc pcr prcv`ge`bs.

6.2.6.2 BA@EBGVM.

Gomrc mstòbfc fm mstbnameò`mgtcs fm backbo`mgtc

rurba;

Ma gomrc fm mstbnameò`mgtcs fm backbo`mgtc rurba mg ab prcv`ge`b fmBaèbgtm t`mgm, mg imgmrba, ugb tmgfmge`b erme`mgtm mg acs atòcsbcs, mxemptc mg ma >889, fcgfm sm prcfuem ug amvm fmsemgsc mg magomrc fm mstbnameò`mgtcs, pbrb aumic rmocgtbr ba bc sìu`mgtm.

Fma bc >88= ba bc >880 ma gomrc fm mstbnameò`mgtcs fmbackbo`mgtc rurba mg ab prcv`ge`b fm Baèbgtm sm db `germomgtbfc mg 62ug`fbfms.


54/151


Xi`gb

=5

@austrbe`g 6.2.6.2.2. Mvcaue`g fma gomrc fm mstbnameò`mgtcs fmbackbo`mgtc rurba mg ab prcv`ge`b fm Baèbgtm mg ma pmr`cfc fm >88= b>880.

Lumgtm;mabncrbe`g prcp`b smig fbtcs fma @GM.Gctb;fbtcs mg ug`fbfms. Omf`bs bgubams.

Gomrc fm pabzbs mstòbfbs mg mstbnameò`mgtcs fm

backbo`mgtc rurba.

Ma gomrc fm pabzbs fm backbo`mgtc rurba fm ab prcv`ge`b fm Baèbgtmsìum ugb tmgfmge`b sòàbr ba gomrc fm mstbnameò`mgtcs; erme`mgtm

dbstb >889, fcgfm sm prcfuem ug pugtc fm `glamx`g ecg ug amvmfmsemgsc, rmeupmrbgfc mg ma bc >884 m `germomgtgfcsm mg >880.

Fma bc >88= ba bc >880 ma gomrc fm pabzbs fm backbo`mgtc rurba mgmstb prcv`ge`b sm `germomgtb mg 5=2 ug`fbfms.

266

288= >88< >889 >884 >880


55/151


Xi`gb

=6

@austrbe`g 6.2.6.2.>. G fm pabzbs mstòbfbs mg mstbnameò`mgtcs fmbackbo`mgtc rurba mg ab prcv`ge`b fm Baèbgtm mg ma pmr`cfc fm >88= b>880.


Irbfc fm ceupbe`g pcr pabzbs;

Um cnsmrvb, smig mstcs fbtcs, ugb tmgfmge`b fm fmsemgsc irbfuba fmug bc ba sìu`mgtm, fm ocfc qum, fmsfm ma bc >88= (29,84% fmceupbe`g) dbstb ma bc >880 (22,688= >88< >889 >884 >880


56/151


Xi`gb

==

@austrbe`g 6.2.6.2.5. Mvcaue`g fma irbfc fm ceupbe`g pcr pabzbs fm acsbackbo`mgtcs rurbams fm ab prcv`ge`b fm Ba`ebgtm mg ma pmr`cfc fm >88= b>880.

Lumgtm;mabncrbe`g prcp`b smig fbtcs fma @GM.Gctb;fbtcs mg pcremgtbkms. Omf`bs bgubams.

Irbfc fm ceupbe`g pcr pabzbs mg l`g fm smobgb;

Ab mvcaue`g fma irbfc fm ceupbe`g pcr pabzbs mg l`g fm smobgb, s`

n`mg tbon`g mxpmr`omgtb ugb tmgfmge`b fmerme`mgtm, ms omgcsprcguge`bfb qum mg ma irbfc fm ceupbe`g mstgfbr.

Fm >88= (>>,6% fm ceupbe`g pcr pabzbs mg l`g fm smobgb) b >880(24,69% fm ceupbe`g pcr pabzbs mg l`g fm smobgb) ab ceupbe`g mgl`gms fm smobgb fmse`mgfm ebs` 6 pugtcs pcremgtubams.

29,84%

2=,69%

25,8=% 2>,45%

22,688= >88< >889 >884 >880


57/151


Xi`gb

=88= b >880.


Xmrscgba mopambfc;

Ab tmgfmge`b rmspmetc ba pmrscgba mopambfc mg backbo`mgtcs rurbamsfm ab prcv`ge`b fm Baèbgtm ms fm amvm fmsemgsc mg acs bcs >88=,>88< y >889, pbrb aumic mxpmròmgtbr tbon`g ugb amvm sun`fb mg

>884 y ug `germomgtc os gctbnam mg ma bc >880.

Bs pums, fma bc >88= ba bc >880 dby ug `germomgtc fm 2> pmrscgbsmopambfbs mg backbo`mgtcs fm tur`soc rurba mg ab prcv`ge`b fm

Baèbgtm.

>>,6% >>,=5%

>8,65%20,60%

24,69%

>88= >88< >889 >884 >880


58/151


Xi`gb

=9

@austrbe`g 6.2.6.2.=. Mvcaue`g fm gomrc fm pmrscgbs mopambfbs mgbackbo`mgtcs rurbams fm ab prcv`ge`b fm Baèbgtm mg ma pmr`cfc fm >88= b>880.


6.2.6.> EBUVMAAG

G fm mstbnameò`mgtcs mstòbfcs;

Ab tmgfmge`b fma gomrc fm mstbnameò`mgtcs fm tur`soc rurba ms fm`germomgtc ecgt`guc mg ab prcv`ge`b fm Ebstmaag.

Fm mstm ocfc, fma bc >88= ba >880 ma gomrc fm backbo`mgtcs fmtur`soc rurba sm `germomgtb mg 00 ug`fbfms.

>=6>=5

>62>688= >88< >889 >884 >880


59/151


Xi`gb

=4

@austrbe`g 6.2.6.>.2. Mvcaue`g fma gomrc mstbname`o`mgtcs fmbackbo`mgtc rurba fm ab prcv`ge`b fm Ebstmaag mg ma pmr`cfc fm >88= b>880.



backbo`mgtc rurba.

Ma gomrc fm pabzbs fm backbo`mgtcs rurba tbon`g mxpmr`omgtb mg acsbcs mstuf`bfcs ug `germomgtc irbfuba, pbsbgfc fm >.09> pabzbs mg>88= b 5.984 pabzbs mg ma bc >880.

Mstc supcgm ug buomgtc fm 95< pabzbs mgtrm >88= y >880.

5=2

508

629652

6=8

>88= >88< >889 >884 >880


60/151


Xi`gb

=0

@austrbe`g 6.2.6.>.>. Gomrc fm pabzbs fm mstbname`o`mgtcs fmbackbo`mgtc rurba mg ab prcv`ge`b fm Ebstmaag mg ma pmr`cfc fm >88= b>880.


Irbfc fm ceupbe`g pcr pabzbs;

Mg ab prcv`ge`b fm Ebstmaag ma irbfc fm ceupbe`g pcr pabzbs cse`ab b

ac abric fm acs bcs bgba`zbfcs, mxeauymgfc ma bc >889 mg ma qum smprcfuem ug `germomgtc.

Ab tmgfmge`b mg eubgtc ba irbfc fm ceupbe`g ms fm fmsemgsc.

>.09>

5.202

5.6245.60>

5.984

>88= >88< >889 >884 >880


61/151


Xi`gb

.5. Mvcaue`g fma irbfc fm ceupbe`g pcr pabzbs fm acsbackbo`mgtcs rurbams fm ab prcv`ge`b fm Ebstmaag mg ma pmr`cfc fm >88= b>880.

Lumgtm;mabncrbe`g prcp`b smig fbtcs fma @GM.Gctb;Fbtcs mg omf`bs fm pcremgtbkms.

Mg >880 (22,22% ma irbfc fm ceupbe`g ms omgcr qum mg >88=(25,84% ceupbe`g) pcr > pugtcs pcremgtubams.

Irbfc fm ceupbe`g pcr pabzbs mg l`g fm smobgb;

Mg ac rmlmrmgtm ba irbfc fm ceupbe`g pcr pabzbs, ab tmgfmge`b ms bafmsemgsc, s` n`mg mg >889 sm prcfuem ug amvm `germomgtc ecgrmspmetc ba bc bgtmr`cr.

Fm >889 b >884 sm prcfuem ma fmsemgsc os nrusec fm tcfc mapmr`cfc mstuf`bfc.

25,84%

2>,4>%

26,>9%

28,588= >88< >889 >884 >880


62/151


Xi`gb

.6. Mvcaue`g fma irbfc fm ceupbe`g pcr pabzbs fm acsbackbo`mgtcs rurbams fm ab prcv`ge`b fm Ebstmaag mg ma pmr`cfc fm >88= b>880.

Lumgtm;mabncrbe`g prcp`b smig fbtcs fma @GM.Gctb;fbtcs mg omf`bs fm pcremgtbkms.

Fma bc >88= (>5,26% fm ceupbe`g) ba bc >880 (20,>6% ceupbe`g)sm prcfuem ugb f`so`gue`g fma irbfc fm ceupbe`g mg l`g fm smobgbfm ebs` 6 pugtcs pcremgtubams mg acs backbo`mgtcs fm tur`soc rurba fmab prcv`ge`b fm Ebstmaag.

Xmrscgba mopambfc;

Ab mvcaue`g fma gomrc fm pmrscgba mopambfc mg backbo`mgtcs fmtur`soc rurba ms erme`mgtm fmsfm ma bc >88= dbstb >880, f`edcerme`o`mgtc sm prcfuem ecg obycr c omgcr `gtmgs`fbf pmrcecgstbgtmomgtm.

>5,26%

>2,6%>>,688= >88< >889 >884 >880


63/151


Xi`gb

Bs pums, fma bc >88= ba bc >880 ma pmrscgba mopambfc mg mstmsunsmetcr fm bet`v`fbf sm db `germomgtbfc mg 25> pmrscgbs.

@austrbe`g 6.2.6.>.=. Mvcaue`g fm gomrc fm pmrscgbs mopambfbs mgbackbo`mgtcs rurbams fm ab prcv`ge`b fm Ebstmaag mg ma pmr`cfc fm >88= b>880.

Lumgtm;mabncrbe`g prcp`b smig fbtcs fma @GM. Gctb;fbtcs mg omf`bs bgubams

6.2.6.5 \BAMGE@B.

Gomrc fm mstbnameò`mgtcs mstòbfcs;

Ab mvcaue`g fma gomrc fm mstbnameò`mgtcs fm backbo`mgtc rurba mserme`mgtm fmsfm >88= dbstb >880, dbn`gfcsm `germomgtbfc mg 46mstbnameò`mgtcs os, mg ma `gtmrvbac ecoprmgf`fc mgtrm mscs bcs.

=2==55

=90 =45

88= >88< >889 >884 >880


64/151


Xi`gb

88=-80.



backbo`mgtc rurba.

@austrbe`g 6.2.6.5.>. G fm pabzbs fm mstbname`o`mgtcs fm backbo`mgtcrurba mg ab prcv`ge`b fm \bamge`b mg ma pmr`cfc fm >88= b >880.


>22

>59>69

>94>0=

>88= >88< >889 >884 >880

>.6>4

>...49>5.8888= >88< >889 >884 >880


65/151


66/151


Xi`gb

88= b >880.

Lumgtm; mabncrbe`g prcp`b smig fbtcs fma @GM. Gctb; fbtcs mg omf`bs fmpcremgtbkms.

Ab mvcaue`g fma irbfc fm ceupbe`g pcr pabzbs mg l`g fm smobgbf`nukb ugb eurvb fm tmgfmge`b fmsemgfmgtm, mxemptc mg ma bc >88880 b ug 29,42% fm ceupbe`g, ecg ugbf`lmrmge`b fm ebs` < pugtcs pcremgtubams ecg rmspmetc ba irbfc fmceupbe`g mg ma bc >88= (>5,>9% fm ceupbe`g pcr pabzbs mg l`g fmsmobgb).

>5,>9%>6,>5%

>5,96%

>>,89%

29,42%

>88= >88< >889 >884 >880


67/151


Xi`gb

889,ocomgtc mg ma qum sm prcfuem ug pugtc fm `glamx`g.

Mg >88= bpbrmem ug amvm rmpugtm tmro`gbgfc ecg ab f`go`eb fmfmsemgsc moprmgf`fb mg >889.

@austrbe`g 6.2.6.5.=. Mvcaue`g fm gomrc fm pmrscgbs mopambfbs mgbackbo`mgtcs rurbams fm ab prcv`ge`b fm \bamge`b mg ma pmr`cfc fm >88= b>880.


Vmg`mgfc mstc mg ecgs`fmrbe`g, fma bc >88= ba bc >880 ma gomrcfm pmrscgbs mopambfbs mg backbo`mgtcs fm tur`soc rurba ms fm 9.

65 =52

6=8 6=5

>88= >88< >889 >884 >880


68/151


Xi`gb

FMOBGFB V]ÛV@EB ^]^BA.

Btmgf`mgfc b ab fml`gè`g qum prmstb ab Eumgtb Ubta`tm fma Vur`soc(EVU)22ab fmobgfb turstèb () msma ibstc rmba`zbfc pcr, c mg gconrmfm, ma v`s`tbgtm, bgtms, furbgtm cfmspus fma v`bkm, mstbgfc ma ibstcrmabe`cgbfc ecg ma v`bkm yfmsbrrcaagfcsm ma v`bkm lumrb fma

mgtcrgc dbn`tuba.

Xcr ctrc abfc, ab mstbfstèbOcvò`mgtcs Vurstècs fm acsMspbcams (Lboà`tur) omge`cgb mgrmabe`g b ab fmobgfb turstèb; Ab`glcrobe`g scnrm ab fmobgfbturstèb fmnmr rmlmr`rsm b absmstbge`bs euyc cnkmtc pr`ge`pba smbgabs vbebe`cgms c acs gmice`cs y qum`geauybg ecoc ogòc ugb c ospmrgcetbe`cgms ecgsmeut`vbs mg ugauibr f`lmrmgtm ba fm rms`fmge`b dbn`tuba.

Mg mstm smgt`fc, acs bspmetcs fm ab fmobgfb qum sm bgba`zbg mg mstmbpbrtbfc scg acs sìu`mgtms;

Bga`s`s fm ab mvcaue`g fm ab fmobgfb fm ebsbs rurbams mg abEcoug`fbf \bamge`bgb.

22 Ab EUV sm pumfm fmser`n`r ecoc ug ecgkugtc fm eumgtbs y tbnabs, nbsbfc mg acspr`ge`p`cs omtcfcaiècs fm ab ecgtbnà`fbf gbe`cgba, qum prmsmgtb acs f`st`gtcs pbromtrcsmecgoècs fma tur`soc fm obgmrb `gtmrrmabe`cgbfb pbrb ugb lmedb fm rmlmrmge`b fbfb. AbEVU ms ugb omtcfcacib `gtmrgbe`cgba rmspbafbfb pcr ab COV, ab CEFM y M]^CUVBV.


69/151

FMOBGFB V]^@UV@EB ^]^BA

Xi`gb

.2 Bga`s`s fm ab mvcaue`g fm ab fmobgfb fm ebsbs rurbams mgab Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgb

@iuba qum mg ma bpbrtbfc fmfèbfc b ab clmrtb, mg mstm pugtc sm rmba`zbug bga`s`s fm ab mvcaue`g, mstb vmz fm ab fmobgfb, fma tur`soc rurbamg ab Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgb.

Bsò`soc, pbrb ma bga`s`s y pcstmr`cr mxpcsè`g fm acs rmsuatbfcs, smdb utà`zbfc `glcrobe`g rmecpàbfb fm bcs prmemfmgtms, qum pmro`tmocstrbr ecg eabr`fbf ab mvcaue`g fm ab fmobgfb fm ebsbs rurbams mgab Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgb, mg tcrgc b ugb smr`m fm vbr`bnams qum becgt`gube`g sm fml`gmg2>;

\`bkmrcs; Vcfbs bqumaabs pmrscgbs qum rmba`zbg ugb c ospmrgcetbe`cgms smiu`fbs mg ma o`soc backbo`mgtc.

Xmrgcetbe`cgms; Ebfb gcedm qum ug v`bkmrc sm backb mg mamstbnameò`mgtc.

Mstbge`b omf`b; Bprcxòbe`g ba gomrc fm fbs qum, pcrtro`gc omf`c, acs v`bkmrcs pmrobgmemg mg acs

mstbnameò`mgtcs. Um ebaeuab ecoc ece`mgtm mgtrm abspmrgcetbe`cgms y ma gomrc fm v`bkmrcs.

Ecoc pmr`cfc b bgba`zbr sm db tcobfc, ecoc mg ma ebsc fma bga`s`sfm ab clmrtb turstèb rurba, ma ecoprmgf`fc mgtrm acs bcs >88= y >828,boncs geaus`vm.

2>Umig ma @gst`tutc Gbe`cgba fm Mstbfstèb.


70/151


Xi`gb

88= ba bc >828.

@austrbe`g 6.>.2.2. Mvcaue`g fma gomrc fm v`bkmrcs fm ebsbs rurbams mgab Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgb mg ma pmr`cfc >88=->828.

Lumgtm;mabncrbe`g prcp`b smig fbtcs fma @GM. Gctb; fbtcs mg ug`fbfms.

U` n`mg ms e`mrtc qum mg ma bc >88< ma gomrc fm v`bkmrcs buomgtgctbnamomgtm rmspmetc ba bc bgtmr`cr, fmsfm mgtcgems ab e`lrb db `fc

fmsemgf`mgfc pbuabt`gbomgtm, pbsbgfc fm 40.25= v`bkmrcs qum smbackbrcg mg ebsbs rurbams mg ab Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgb mg ma e`tbfcbc b 48.02< v`bkmrcs mg ma >828.

Mg eubgtc b ab prcemfmge`b fm acs v`bkmrcs, stcs prcv`mgmg mg su irbgobycrb fm Mspbb, s`mgfc mg ma pcremgtbkm fm v`bkmrcs gc rms`fmgtmsmg tmrr`tcr`c gbe`cgba omgcr fma 28% mg tcfcs acs bcs cnsmrvbfcs.

9>.>>9

40.25= 46.95>48.=29 4>.068 48.0288= >88< >889 >884 >880 >828


71/151


Xi`gb

98

@austrbe`g 6.>.2.>. F`str`nue`g fm acs v`bkmrcs smig prcemfmge`b(gbe`cgba c mxtrbgkmrc) mg ma pmr`cfc fm >88= b >828.

Xrcemfmge`b >88= >88< >889 >884 >880 >828

\`bkmrcs rms`fmgtms mgMspbb

02% 0>% 06% 0>% 06% 0=%

\`bkmrcs gc rms`fmgtms mgMspbb

0% 4% 88= y >889 y fmsemgfmgtm fmsfm ma >889 b ab betuba`fbf.

@austrbe`g 6.>.2.5. Mvcaue`g fma gomrc fm pmrgcetbe`cgms mg ebsbsrurbams fm ab Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgb mg ma pmr`cfc fm >88= b >828.

Lumgtm;mabncrbe`g prcp`b smig fbtcs fma @GM. Gctb;Omf`bs bgubams.

>=6.948

>94.4>0>49.80=0.=6.226

>88= >88< >889 >884 >880 >828


72/151


Xi`gb

92

Cnsmrvbgfc ab àustrbe`g bgtmr`cr, sm bprme`b eoc mg ma bc >889 smprcfukc ug pèc mg ma gomrc fm pmrgcetbe`cgms mg backbo`mgtcsrurbams, bsemgf`mgfc stbs b >49.80884 y >880), s`tugfcsm mg ma bc>828 mg >=6.226 pmrgcetbe`cgms.

Ab sìu`mgtm tbnab oumstrb mg pcremgtbkms ma f`lmrmgtm pmsc fm acstur`stbs gbe`cgbams y mxtrbgkmrcs mg abs pmrgcetbe`cgms mg ebsbsrurbams fm ab Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgb.

@austrbe`g 6.>.2.6. Xmrgcetbe`cgms smig prcemfmge`b fm acs v`bkmrcs(gbe`cgba c mxtrbgkmrc) mg ma pmr`cfc fm >88= b >828.

Xmrgcetbe`cgms smigprcemfmge`b >88= >88< >889 >884 >880 >828


46% 488= ba >828, ab mstbge`b omf`b (gomrc fm fbs qum pcrtro`gc omf`c acs v`bkmrcs pmrobgmemg mg acs mstbnameò`mgtcs) dbfmsemgf`fc, pbsbgfc fm 5,66 fbs b 5,2>.


73/151


Xi`gb

9>

@austrbe`g 6.>.2.=. Mvcaue`g fm ab mstbge`b omf`b mg ebsbs rurbams fm abEcoug`fbf \bamge`bgb mg ma pmr`cfc fm >88= b >828.


6.>.> Bga`s`s pcr prcv`ge`bs fm ab fmobgfb fm tur`soc rurba.

Acs fbtcs fm ab fmobgfb fm acs backbo`mgtcs rurbams sm dbg rmeci`fcsmig abs prcv`ge`bs s`g rmba`zbr g`gig t`pc fm f`st`ge`g mgtrmbanmrium rurba, ebsb rurba y bebopbfb mg l`geb pbrtèuabr.

Ebnm fmstbebr qum ab ocfba`fbf fm ab ebsb rurba ms ab os guomrcsbfmgtrc fm ab eabs`lèbe`g fm mstbnameò`mgtcs fm tur`soc rurba, pcr acqum ma bga`s`s qum sm mxpcgm b ecgt`gube`g rmlamkb mg obycr omf`fbmstb ocfba`fbf fm backbo`mgtc.

5,66

>,00

5,56

5,25

5,24

5,2>

>88= >88< >889 >884 >880 >828


74/151


Xi`gb

95

B ecgt`gube`g sm prmsmgtb ug bga`s`s smig abs trms prcv`ge`bs qumecglcrobg ab Ecoug`fbf \bamge`bgb; Baèbgtm, Ebstmaag y \bamge`b.

Mg ebfb ugb fm abs prcv`ge`bs sm bgba`zbrg abs sìu`mgtms vbr`bnams;

\`bkmrcs mgtrbfcs pcr prcv`ge`bs fm fmst`gc y prcemfmge`b fmacs v`bkmrcs (gbe`cgba c mxtrbgkmrc).

Xmrgcetbe`cgms fm acs v`bkmrcs pcr prcv`ge`bs fm fmst`gc yprcemfmge`b fm acs v`bkmrcs (gbe`cgba c mxtrbgkmrc).

Mstbge`b omf`b fm acs v`bkmrcs pcr prcv`ge`bs fm fmst`gc yprcemfmge`b fm acs v`bkmrcs (gbe`cgba y mxtrbgkmrc).

6.>.>.2 BA@EBGVM.

\`bkmrcs mgtrbfcs pcr prcv`ge`bs fm fmst`gc y

prcemfmge`b fm acs v`bkmrcs.

Ma irlèc scnrm ma gomrc fm v`bkmrcs mgtrbfcs pcr prcv`ge`bs fmfmst`gc rmvmab qum ab mvcaue`g db s`fc os c omgcs mstbnam: s`gmonbric, ebnm fmstbebr su `germomgtc furbgtm ma mkmreè`c fm >88880 ma gomrc fm v`bkmrcs qum f`slrutbrcg fmbackbo`mgtcs rurbams mg Baèbgtm lum fm ug tctba fm >0.2.


75/151


Xi`gb

96

@austrbe`g 6.>.>.2.2. Mvcaue`g fma gomrc fm v`bkmrcs mgtrbfcs mg abprcv`ge`b fm Baèbgtm mg ma pmr`cfc >88=->880.


Ab sìu`mgtm àustrbe`g oumstrb ab f`str`nue`g fm acs v`bkmrcs qumrmba`zbg tur`soc rurba mg ab prcv`ge`b fm Baèbgtm smig s` suprcemfmge`b ms gbe`cgba c mxtrbgkmrb.

@austrbe`g 6.>.>.2.>. Xcremgtbkm fm v`bkmrcs mgtrbfcs mg ab prcv`ge`b fmBaèbgtm smig su prcemfmge`b mg ma pmr`cfc >88=->880

Xrcemfmge`b >88= >88< >889 >884 >880


46% 44% 02% 4%


>=.==6

5=.8>4

>4.56>

>=

>0.2

>88= >88< >889 >884 >880


76/151


Xi`gb

9=

Acs fbtcs pmro`tmg ecoprcnbr qum ab obycr pbrtm fm acs tur`stbs fmbackbo`mgtc rurba fm ab prcv`ge`b baèbgt`gb prcemfmg fma tmrr`tcr`cgbe`cgba, cntmg`mgfc su pcremgtbkm os batc furbgtm ma bc >889, euybe`lrb sm mstò mg ug 02% fm mspbcams lrmgtm b ug 0% fm tur`stbsmxtrbgkmrcs. Xcr ctrc abfc, ma bc >88= cntuvc ma fbtc os rmamvbgtm fmacs tur`stbs gc rms`fmgtms mg ab prcv`ge`b fm Baèbgtm, ecg ug 2.>=2 pmrgcetbe`cgms mg ma bc >880. Fma bc >88= babc >880 ma gomrc fm pmrgcetbe`cgms mg backbo`mgtc rurba mg mstbprcv`ge`b db f`so`gu`fc mg 29.9.>.2.5. Xmrgcetbe`cgms fm acs v`bkmrcs mg ab prcv`ge`b fmBaèbgtm furbgtm ma pmr`cfc >88=->880.


288.824 00.0>4

48.4>>4=.466 4>.>=2

>88= >88< >889 >884 >880


77/151


Xi`gb

9.>.2.6. Xmrgcetbe`cgms fm acs v`bkmrcs mg ab prcv`ge`b fmBaèbgtm smig su prcemfmge`b furbgtm ma pmr`cfc >88=->880.

Xmrgcetbe`cgms >88= >88< >889 >884 >880


99% 94% 45% >>% 26% >2% >>%

Lumgtm;mabncrbe`g prcp`b smig fbtcs fma @GM.

Gctb;fbtcs mg pcremgtbkm. Omf`bs bgubams.

Mstbge`b omf`b fm acs v`bkmrcs pcr prcv`ge`bs fm

fmst`gc.

Ab tmgfmge`b fm ab mstbge`b omf`b fm acs v`bkmrcs ecg fmst`gc Baèbgtmmg backbo`mgtcs rurbams db `fc fmsemgf`mgfc mg ma pmr`cfc mstuf`bfcmg 2,80 fbs.

@austrbe`g 6.>.>.2.=. Mstbge`b omf`b fm acs v`bkmrcs mg ab prcv`ge`b fmBaèbgtm furbgtm ma pmr`cfc >88=->880.

Lumgtm;mabncrbe`g prcp`b smig fbtcs fma @GM.Gctb;fbtcs mg omf`bs. Omf`bs bgubams.

5,02

>,4= >,4=5,20

>,4>

>88= >88< >889 >884 >880


78/151


Xi`gb

99

Ma bc >88= y ma >884 fmstbebrcg pcr smr acs fcs bcs fma pmr`cfcbgba`zbfc ecg ugb omf`b fm mstbge`b supmr`cr ba rmstc, pcr mgeòb fm5 fbs fm omf`b.

@austrbe`g 6.>.>.2.88=->880 fm acsv`bkmrcs fm ab prcv`ge`b fm Baèbgtm smig su auibr fm rms`fmge`b.

Xrcemfmge`b >88= >88< >889 >884 >880


5.== >.=5 >.9 >.0< >.60


=.40 =.20 6.6< 6.=4 =.5>

Lumgtm;mabncrbe`g prcp`b smig fbtcs fma @GM.

Gctb;fbtcs mg omf`bs. Omf`bs bgubams.

Umig acs fbtcs clrme`fcs pcr ma @GM, acs tur`stbs gc rms`fmgtms mgMspbb y qum dbg utà`zbfc ma backbo`mgtc rurba mg Baèbgtm rmba`zbg ugobycr gomrc fm pmrgcetbe`cgms mg ab prcv`ge`b furbgtm ma pmr`cfcmstuf`bfc, yb qum su mstbge`b omf`b ms supmr`cr mg tcfcs acs ebscsmstuf`bfcs b ab mstbge`b omf`b fm acs mspbcams rms`fmgtms.

Ma bc >88= sm pcsè`cgb ecoc ma pmr`cfc ecg ugb obycr mstbge`bomf`b, tbgtc pbrb rms`fmgtms mg Mspbb (5.==) ecoc pbrb gcrms`fmgtms (=.40).


79/151


Xi`gb

94

6.>.>.> EBUVMAAG

\`bkmrcs mgtrbfcs pcr prcv`ge`bs fm fmst`gc y

prcemfmge`b fm acs v`bkmrcs.

Ma gomrc fm v`bkmrcs mg backbo`mgtcs rurbams mg Ebstmaag sm db`germomgtbfc fmsfm ma bc >88= dbstb ma bc >889 mg 884 ma smetcr sulr` ug fmsemgsc fm 28.880 dbstbbanmribr ug tctba fm 69.898.

@austrbe`g 6.>.>.>.2. Mvcaue`g fma gomrc fm v`bkmrcs mgtrbfcs mg abprcv`ge`b fm Ebstmaag furbgtm ma pmr`cfc >88=->880.


6=.86=

69.89>=2..88= >.88< >.889 >.884 >.880


80/151


Xi`gb

90

Ab s`iu`mgtm tbnab clrmem `glcrobe`g scnrm ab f`str`nue`g fm acsv`bkmrcs mg ab prcv`ge`b fm Ebstmaag f`v`f`mgfc b stcs mg tur`stbsrms`fmgtms mg Mspbb c gc rms`fmgtms.

@austrbe`g 6.>.>.>.>. Mvcaue`g mg pcremgtbkm fm ab prcemfmge`b fm acsv`bkmrcs fm ab prcv`ge`b fm Ebstmaag smig s` scg c gc rms`fmgtms mgMspbb furbgtm ma pmr`cfc >88=->880.

Xrcemfmge`b >88= >88< >889 >884 >880


04% 09% 00% 09% 04%

\`bkmrcs gc rms`fmgtmsmg Mspbb

>% 5% 2% 5% >%


Mg ab prcv`ge`b fm Ebstmaag acs fbtcs rmlmr`fcs b v`bkmrcs rms`fmgtms cgc mg Mspbb rmvmabg qum ab irbg pbrtm fm stcs scg rms`fmgtms mgMspbb, yb qum mg ma pmr`cfc bgba`zbfc acs tur`stbs rms`fmgtms mgMspbb ecglcrobg os fm ug 09% mg tcfcs acs ebscs.

Xmrgcetbe`cgms fm acs v`bkmrcs mg ab prcv`ge`b fm

Ebstmaag.

Ma gomrc fm pmrgcetbe`cgms fm acs v`bkmrcs mg backbo`mgtc rurba fm abprcv`ge`b fm Ebstmaag db tmg`fc ugb pmqumb lauetube`g mg ma pmr`cfcmstuf`bfc, cntmg`mgfc ma obycr gomrc fm pmrgcetbe`cgms furbgtm mabc >889 y s`tugfcsm mg >880 ecg ug tctba fm pmrgcetbe`cgms fm2=2.


81/151


Xi`gb

48

@austrbe`g 6.>.>.>.>. Xmrgcetbe`cgms fm acs v`bkmrcs mg ab prcv`ge`b fmEbstmaag furbgtm ma pmr`cfc >88=->880.


Fma bc >88= ba bc >880 ma gomrc fm pmrgcetbe`cgms mg backbo`mgtcrurba mg mstb prcv`ge`b sm db v`stc `germomgtbfc mg 4.=.>.>.5. Xmrgcetbe`cgms fm acs v`bkmrcs mg ab prcv`ge`b fmEbstmaag furbgtm ma pmr`cfc >88=->880.

Xmrgcetbe`cgms smigprcemfmge`b

>88= >88< >889 >884 >880

\`bkmrcs rms`fmgtms mg Mspbb 06% 06% 05% 02% 05%


8

2=2.88= >88< >889 >884 >880


82/151


Xi`gb

42

Ma pcremgtbkm fm pmrgcetbe`cgms smig ab prcemfmge`b oumstrb rmvmabqum ma obycr gomrc fm pmrgcetbe`cgms abs rmba`zbg bqumaacs v`bkmrcsqum betubaomgtm rms`fmg mg Mspbb. Ma bc >884 sm s`tb ecoc mapmr`cfc mg ma qum beuf`mrcg b ab prcv`ge`b ebstmaacgmgsm ug obycrgomrc fm v`bkmrcs gc rms`fmgtms mg Mspbb (ug 0%).

Mstbge`b omf`b fm acs v`bkmrcs pcr prcv`ge`bs fm

fmst`gc.

Um cnsmrvb qum, mg imgmrba, ab tmgfmge`b fm ab mstbge`b omf`b mgbackbo`mgtcs rurbams fm acs v`bkmrcs ecg fmst`gc ab prcv`ge`b fmEbstmaag db s`fc os c omgcs mstbnam mxemptubgfc ug a`imrc`germomgtc furbgtm ma bc >889.

@austrbe`g 6.>.>.>.6. Mstbge`b omf`b fm acs v`bkmrcs fm ab prcv`ge`b fmEbstmaag furbgtm ma pmr`cfc >88=->880.


5,24

5,>

5,6=5,>>

>88= >88< >889 >884 >880


83/151


Xi`gb

4>

@austrbe`g 6.>.>.>.=. Mstbge`b omf`b mg ma pmr`cfc >88=->880 fm acsv`bkmrcs fm ab prcv`ge`b fm Ebstmaag smig su auibr fm rms`fmge`b.

Mstbge`b omf`b pcrprcemfmge`b

>88= >88< >889 >884 >880


5.8< 5.26 5.>4 5.89 5.86

\`bkmrcs gc rms`fmgtms mgMspbb 4.54 =.5 2< 4.09 2>.=


Acs tur`stbs usubr`cs fm backbo`mgtc rurba mg Ebstmaag gc rms`fmgtmsmg Mspbb rmba`zbg ug obycr gomrc fm pmrgcetbe`cgms mg abprcv`ge`b, yb qum su mstbge`b omf`b ms ouy supmr`cr mg tcfcs acs

ebscs mstuf`bfcs b ab mstbge`b omf`b fm acs mspbcams.

Furbgtm ma bc >889 acs backbo`mgtcs rurbams fm Ebstmaag cntuv`mrcgab mstbge`b omf`b os pcs`t`vb fma pmr`cfc mstuf`bfc, tbgtc fmrms`fmgtms mg Mspbb (5,>4 fbs fm mstbge`b omf`b) ecoc bqumaacsqum rms`fmg lumrb (2< fbs fm mstbge`b omf`b).

6.>.>.5 \BAMGE@B.

\`bkmrcs mgtrbfcs mg ab prcv`ge`b fm \bamge`b.

Fmsfm ma bc >88= dbstb ma >889 sm prcfukc ugb mvcaue`g pcs`t`vb fmagomrc fm v`bkmrcs mg ab prcv`ge`b fm \bamge`b. U`g monbric, ma bc>889 supusc ugb `glamx`g; ma gomrc fm v`bkmrcs f`so`guy mg acss`iu`mgtms bcs fm mstuf`c.


84/151


Xi`gb

45

Ma gomrc fm v`bkmrcs fmsemgf` mgtrm >88= y >880 mg 5.8=8 v`bkmrcs.

@austrbe`g 6.>.>.5.2. Mvcaue`g fma gomrc fm v`bkmrcs mgtrbfcs pcrprcv`ge`bs fm fmst`gc y prcemfmge`b fm acs v`bkmrcs furbgtm ma pmr`cfc>88=->880.


B ecgt`gube`g sm prmsmgtb ugb tbnab ecg ab f`str`nue`g fm v`bkmrcsmgtrbfcs smig s` rms`fmg mg Mspbb c mg ma mxtrbgkmrc.

Ba `iuba qum mg ma ebsc fm abs fcs prcv`ge`bs bgtmr`crms, ab obycr pbrtmfm acs v`bkmrcs fm backbo`mgtc rurba fm ab prcv`ge`b fm \bamge`bprcemfmg fma tmrr`tcr`c gbe`cgba, qumfbgfc mg ug smiugfc pabgc acs gcrms`fmgtms mg Mspbb pcr su omgcr pbrt`e`pbe`g fma tctba fm v`bkmrcs.

6=.4>8=>.>8=

=9.08>

=>.5.998

>88= >88< >889 >884 >880


85/151


Xi`gb

46

@austrbe`g 6.>.>.5.>

el turismo de "casa rural" en la comunidad valenciana

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