el hombre,la politica y el estado

7/23/2019 El Hombre,La Politica y El Estado

1/21

O@ GBKM]O, @L SB@^JEL Z O@ OU^LNB

Sbr Klhuo` Lhjnb

JHNJEO

Klpl Ebheoptul` Sa. =Ebheopejh lhtrbpbàjel no` gbkmro oh `l kbnorhjnln Sa. =

Sb`tjel ebkb Ejohejl Sa. =Ebhtoxtb gjstrjeb umjelejh aobar!jel no Kl"ujl#o``b Sa. $%ro#o %jbarl!l no Hjeb`s Kl"ujl#o``b Sa. &Jnols Eohtrlòs no Kl"ujl#o``b Sa. &Kl"ujl#o``b' (bmmos' )be*o +bussolu, Ebheopejh no` Ostlnb Sa. -pbrtos no Kbhtos"ujou +bussolu l l pb`tjel Sa./3Ebheùsjbhos Sa.//Hbtls %jm`jbarl!l Sa.//

Klpl Ebheoptul`


2/21

Ebheopej(hlht$bpb`(+jel #o` &b"'$o oh `l "b#o$hj#l#

)l oxl`tlejh no `l jkpbrtlhejl no` b no `l njahjnln no` gbkmro os uhb no`bs rlsabs ks tpjebs no `l kbnorhjnln' "uo surao ebh o` +ohlejkjohtb. pjels. Os `b "uo ùoab so nlrl oh ``lklr lhtrbpbeohtrjskb.?bnb ajrl oh tbrhb l` gbkmro. )l jnol rohleohtjstl no` gbkmro os `l no` &b"'$ouhj!o$sl`"uo slmo no tbnb `b gleo tbnb' sjh sor uh prb!osjbhl` no hlnl.

s puos' nosno `b !j`bs!jeb glstl `b ro`jajbsb glstl `b pb`tjeb `b oebhkjeb' tbnbostlml no leuornb oh ohsl`6lr' ks "uo `ls pbsjmj`jnlnos torjels no` gbkmro ohaohorl`' `l o!oetj#jnlnos no `bs arlhnos gbkmros' l ostbs !uorlh arlhnosmlh"uorbs' ebhnbttjorj' lrtjstls' `jtorltbs' !j`sb!bs' hb tlhtb pbr sus ospoejl`jnlnos'sjhb ebkb ookp`bs no 1!j$t/.,oh o` sohtjnb "uo oh oso kbkohtb so lp`jelml l osto#belm`b' "uo jkp`jelml ohoral' elplejnln' #bùhtln.

Osto ln#ohjkjohtb no` b' ostl ro#bùejh no `l ebhejohejl jhnj#jnul`' !rohto l`l ro`jajh trlnjejbhl` `ls jhstjtuejbhos oeòsjstjels' oheuohtrl oh o` kmjtb o`pohslkjohtb' "uonl ro!òlnb oh `bs nbs prjhejplòs roprosohtlhtos no` p`ltbhjskb"uo prb!osl `l elnokjl no 7`brohejl5 Kl$sj`jb %jejhb3< Sjeb #o``l Kj$lh#b``l=5 (luh oserjtb oh plrtjeu`lr no Kl$sj`jb %jejhb' "uo nokuostrl' "uo poso l `b "uo làuhbsl!jrklh' oh kbnb làuhb' ostl >pbel' jkp`je uh lmlhnbhb no `l jnol no Njbs'nomjohnb jhebrpbrlr oh o` lhl`jsjs' o` ostlnb no ebrrupejh' o` lmlhnbhb no susprbpsjtbs osohejlòs' o` prj#jòajb pbr `ls euostjbhos no Ostlnb torrohls' "uol!oetlmlh oh oso kbkohtb l `ls jhstjtuejbhos oeòsjstjels.Njeo Kl$sj`jb %jejhb' "ujoh lnoks orl to`bab5 1 @b "js"b uo eb"b e$jltu$l #j!jhluo o$os, oheuoht$ls l Njbs oh `ls ebsls, tl"'j>h to oheuoht$ls oh o``ls l tj "js"b,Suostb uo sj puo#os ohebht$l$ o` osp?$jtu oh o` euo$pb, `l ù6 oh `ls tjhjo'`ls, o` 'johoh o` "l`, `l !j#l oh `l "uo$to, `l oto$hj#l# oh o` tjo"pb, `b jh1jhjtb oh `b 1jhjtb,$oeuo$#l uo o$os pb$ hltu$lò6l osp?$jtu jheb$p($ob, `/ej#b 'uohb, jh"b$tl`, elpl6#o `l oto$hl !o$#l#, #o `l oto$hl ostl'j`j#l# < #o` jh"ohsb 'joh, &lstl uo pbsols o`

p$j"o$ ejo`b #os#o eu


3/21

Sb`?tjel eb"b Ejohejl

)l Sb`tjel ebkb Ejohejl os uhl njsejp`jhl eub bmotj#b os o` ostunjbsjstoktjeb no` abmjorhb oh su sohtjnb ks lkp`jb. 0us lh`jsjs lmlrelh o` brjaoh tjpb`bal no `bs roakohos pb`tjebs' sus ostrueturls' !uhejbhos o jhstjtuejbhos' `ls!brkls oh "uo `bs abmjorhbs jnohtj!jelh rosuo`#oh prbmòkls sbejboebhkjebs' `ls jhtorleejbhos ohtro arupbs o jhnj#jnubs noejsj#bs oh o` ostlmòejkjohtb'klhtohjkjohtb elkmjb no `bs roakohos abmjorhbs.Oh `l lhtjaul ;roejl l oxjstl arlh jhtor>s pbr ebhbeor `l hlturlò6l no` Ostlnb' susralhbs no ebhtrb` `ls !uhejbhos no sus ejunlnlhbs. S`lt(h' oh su bmrl @l]op/'`jelprosoht no !brkl utpjel ekb ohtohnl noml sor `l rop8m`jel por!oetl oh osto sohtjnb !uo' sjh nunl' uhb no `bs prjkorbs !j`sb!bs pb`tjebs. 0jh okmlrab' sopuono oh!ltj6lr oh rjsttoòs' ebkb uhb no `bs proeursbros no `l ejohejl pb`tjel' l`rol`j6lr uhl jh#ostjalejh okprjel sbmro `ls nj!orohtos !brkls no Ostlnb broakohos no abmjorhb oh su trltlnb Sb`?tjel' o` eul` sjauo oorejohnb uhl !uortojh!ùohejl sbmro ostl ejohejl. Sbstorjbrkohto' l `b `lrab no `bs sja`bs' !uorbh kuegbs `bs lutbros "uoebhtjhulrbh rol`j6lhnb lpbrtos l `l Ejohejl Sb`tjel5 0lh austh' 0lhtb ?bks no"ujhb' Hjeb`s Kl"ujl#o`b' ?gbkls (bmmos' 2bgh )be*o' 2olh,2le"uos +bussolu'Eglròs,)bujs no Kbhtos"ujou' ohtro btrbs. No sus rospoetj#ls ebheopejbhos

surajorbh làuhls no `ls bmrls e`l#os oh `l plu`ltjhl ebh!jaurlejh no `l pb`jtb`bal5O` S$?hejpo Coserjtl pbr Kl"ujl#o`b' l "ujoh kuegbs ebhsjnorlh ebkb plnro noÈjohejl Sb`tjel kbnorhlLM @o!jlthCoh nbhno (bmmos oxpbho sus tobrls leorel no`surajkjohtb no` Ostlnb l plrtjr no uh ebhtrltb sbejl`LM ^$ltl#bs sb'$o o` +b'jo$hbej!j` Coh o` `bs eulòs )be*o' ohtro btrls ebsls' l hbs glm`l no `l nj#jsjh nopbnoros' ebhsjnorlnb pbr làuhbs ebkb proeursbr no` ebhstjtuejbhl`jskbLM O` osp?$jtu#o `ls òh l ostl ejohejl' porb l"u s`b hbsro!orjrokbs l `bs ospoe!jebs no` prosohto trlmlb. Ostbs gbkmros l `b `lrab no `l

gjstbrjl' ebh sus nj!orohejls ebjhejnohejls' trltlrbh leorel no `l !brkl oh "uo uhlsbejonln puono bralhj6lrso oh klbr b kohbr konjnl' sus bmrls tjohoh l8h#jaohejl' l "uo so beuplh no #l`bros osohejlòs plrl o` sor guklhb ebkb sbh `l

ustjejl' `l jaul`nln' `l `jmortln o` noslrrb``b no `ls eul`jnlnos guklhls' `l #jnlbralhj6lnl oh sbejonln' ks l`` no sus nj!orohejls no oh!b"uo b jnobàjels.

Oh osto sohtjnb elmo kohejbhlr `b "uo l` rospoetb oxprosl 4o$"h Mj#l$tEl"pbs oh su `jmrb @oeejbhos Oò"ohtlòs #o Sb`?tjel' ro!jrj>hnbso l `l ejohejlpb`tjel0 -4&o"bs #o $oeb$#l$ uo ujohos `l ej$euhse$j'oh l` ostu#jb o"p?$jeb #o `l$ol`j#l# tl` eul` os, "l$+jhlh#b ebhbeo$ eb"b #o'o so$, < #o9lh#b #o `l#b tb#l!l`b$lej(h, b"jtoh `ls ebhsj#o$lejbhos >tjels5 :`l ejohejl pb`?tjel $oeb+o o` "'jtb#o` #o'o so$ < #o` !l`b$, oh 1b$"l tl` uo leoptl < $oej'o `bs p$jhejpjbs p$j"l$jbs #o`l >tjel < hoeosjtl ebhbeo$`bs.50o puono l!jrklr sjh ùalr l nunls "uo `l pb`tjel

ebkb ejohejl surao l plrtjr no` +ohlejkjohtb' no `bs lpbrtos' "uo ostbs nj!orohtoslutbros !uorbh glejohnb' l plrtjr no sus prbpjls jh#ostjalejbhos' oh nbhno o` k>tbnb"uo so utj j6 msjelkohto !uo o` no `l bmsor#lejh no `l rol jnln' o` k>tbnbokprjeb tlkmj>h o` roselto no `bs lutbros lhtjaubs b e`sjebs no ;roejl no+bkl' muselhnb oh sus oserjtbs `ls rospuostls b `bs lr"uotjpbs plrl huo#lssbejonlnos' ebh `l elrletorstjel no` gbkmro ebkb prbtlabhjstl prjhejpl`' b eohtrb no`ls probeuplejbhos. Erob "uo tbnls !uorbh rospuostls plrejlòs' porb "uo !uorbh

l`bhlhnb uh elkjhb' oh "uo o` gbkmro pbr sbmro tbnls `ls ebsls' jhtohtlmlnoseumrjrso l s kjskb. 7uo uh tjokpb no omu``jejh no jnols hb sb`b oh `l pb`tjel'sjhb oh `ls nj!orohtos rlkls no` lrto' no `l ejohejl no `l `jtorlturl. ^b#b pl$oe?l pb$#oseu'$j$5 `ls nj!orohtos ebrrjohtos !j`bs!jels "uo suralh' puahlmlh ohtro s. Oh `l(jstbrjl no `l kohto guklhl' o` +ohlejkjohtb os o` lrrlh"uo no uh `lrab prbeosb"uo eu`kjhl l` `òalr' glstl nbhno ostlkbs' luhuo uj6s ohebht$lh#b su lht?tosjsoh huost$l >pbel,ebkb uhl ospoejo no !jhl` no` noslrrb``b no l"uo``b "uo so pusb ohklregl oh osbs kbkohtbs. )bs pohslnbros !j`bs!jebs' oh#jnjlmlh oh ejortb kbnb l`l ejohejl' pbr su soaurjnln kltoktjel' sblmlh ebh pbnor glm`lr ebh `l kjskllutbrjnln' sbmro `bs tokls trlseohnohtos' l"uo``bs' "uo jhtoroslh l tbnbs oh `l #jnl

5


4/21

rol`5 o` mjoh' `l kuorto' `l sbejonln' `l ustjejl kbrl`' Njbs' ote. 9b`#johnb l` k>tbnb'erob "uo !uo Noselrtos$' "ujoh pbr prjkorl #o6 p`lhtol uh k>tbnb oh /F$A' oh pòhbsja`b no `l rl6h' eulhnb pum`jel su Njseu$sb #o` K>tb#b. O` k>tbnb plrto no `l nunl protohno suporlr`l ostlmòeo eultrb roa`ls plrl `òalr l `l #ornln5

/L hb leoptlr pbr #ornlnorb `b "uo hb so sopl o#jnohtokohto "uo hb `b os' sjhproejpjtlejh proujejb

=) Nj#jnjr `ls nj!jeu`tlnos oh o` klbr h8korb pbsjmò no plrtos.$L Sohslr pbr brnoh' sumjohnb no `b sjkpò l `b ebkpòb.&L (leor ohukorlejbhos "uo hb bkjtlh hlnl.

Osto k>tbnb' "uj>rlh`b b hb' jh!ùjr hbtbrjlkohto oh `bs pohslnbros no su>pbel oh `bs pbstorjbros' tjoho su prjkorl o#jnohejl oh `l lp`jelejh no` k>tbnb l`l lutb l!jrklejh no` gbkmro ebkb suotb5 -Sjohsb, ùo+b o7jstb.' suraoh `bsprjhejpjbs no `l rospuostl !j`bs!jel5 o` gbkmro puono `òalr l` ebhbejkjohtb no `l#ornln oh s kjskb pbr s kjskb lèlh6lr `l #ornln os o` rosu`tlnb no `llp`jelejh ebrroetl no `l elplejnln guklhl no ebhbejkjohtb.

Ebhto7tb &jst($jeb < u'jelej(h +ob+$1jel #o Klujl!o``b

)l erjsjs no `l onln ebkuhl`' "uo so leoht8l l !jhlòs no` sja`b GJ9 ebh `lebhsb`jnlejh no `l murauosl' lmro uh plhbrlkl gjstrjeb eu`turl` oh o` "uo7`brohejl so orjajr ebkb prbtlabhjstl sbmro btrls ejunlnos jtl`jlhls ebh#jrtj>hnbso

oh pbtohejl oebhkjel no rlhab jhtorhlejbhl` !l#broejnl pbr uh ostlnb nomo jaorlhejl. ?rls o` lòlkjohtb no `l ejunln no "ujoh notoht su abmjorhb';ul`torjb no %rjohho' okpjo6l `l otlpl no `l nohbkjhlnl -#o"be$lejl 1`b$ohtjhl.,"uo porkjtj uh luao oh `l #jnl eu`turl` `jtorlrjl no `l ejunln. Os o` porbnberoltj#b no %beleejb& o` kbkohtb no `l !brklejh no uh arupb no #ohose`lsjejstls' "ujohos soaurlkohto gumjorlh nosolnb `l prosohejl no Sotrlrel-oh osokbkohtb. O` prostjajb eu`turl` no `l ejunln hb s`b l!oetlml `l `jtorlturl' sjhbtlkmj>h l `ls noks lrtos' sbmro tbnb `l pjhturl' l eub noslrrb``b ebhtrjmujrl uh;jbttbF' ohtro btrbs' pbr ookp`b. 7`brohejl so ebh#ortjr oh ejunln ostlnb, kbno`b'ebh su pb`tjel no o"uj`jmrjb eub kxjkb pbnor sorl lsjahlnb l huo#o ejunlnlhbsrookp`l6lnbs elnl nbs kosos.

)bs nj#orsbs ralhbs ooeutj#bs no ebhtrb` `l nj#jsjh no pbnoros

no!ohnorlh l `l rop8m`jel no `l tjrlhl. Os `l rop8m`jel bralhj6lnl pbr `bs prjkorbsguklhjstls l jklaoh mlb o` roeuornb no `l htjaIonln e`sjel. 7`brohejl subrnoh jhtorhb so jhspjrlh oh o` tjpb jnol` no `l ejunln ustl' mjoh brnohlnl'lrkbhjbsl mo``l. Ebkb Elhej` or so orjao Ebùeejb Ulùtltj, ;&lstl 382Cebhtjhulnbr no Sotrlrel' jh#ostjalnbr no` slmor `ltjhb no `l !j`bsb!l `l pboslarjoals' uhb no `bs lrt!jeos no `l pb`tjel oxtorjbr no 7`brohejl. )uoab ebh `l `òalnlno `bs K>njejs l` pbnor 7`brohejl ab6lr no` klbr luao ebhbejnb ohtro tbnls `lsejunlnos ebhtokpbrhols.EbhEbsj"b #o K>#jejs ;38C, `l ejunln so lnbrhlr nomo` bs hukorbsbs kbhukohtbs o` prostjajb so rosl`tlr pbr `l osp`>hnjnlmjm`jbtoel "uo o` huo#b sobr no 7`brohejl !brkl. Elmo nostlelr "uo l pro#jlkohto`bs K>#jejs' mlh"uorbs no` Slplnb no `bs sbmorlhbs no 7rlhejl Jha`ltorrl %brabl' glmlh jnb beuplhnb uh ùalr elnl #o6 ks nostlelnb oh o` abmjorhb no `lejunln.

%lb o` abmjorhb no ostl njhlstl konjeol' 7`brohejl l poslr no jhjejlr su belsbpb`tjeb l8h nohtrb no su lplrjohejl no brnoh' sor `l ohelralnl no nj!uhnjr arlhplrto no `ls tobrls rohleohtjstls arlejls l `l erolejh no `lLel#o"jl S`lt(hjel pbrbmrl no` !j sb!b Kl$sj jb %jejhb "uo tlkmj>h ebhtlrl pbstorjbrkohto ebh `lplrtjejplejh no` !j`sb!b ;jb#lhhj Sjeeb no``l Kjrhnb`l5)o sueono oh o` pbnor Sjo$b#o Ko#jejs l "ujoh tu#b "uo lunlr su gjb @b$oh6b"ujoh ò sueonj oh o` trbhb5pblnb oh `l #jsjh no `l#j+hjtls &b"jhjs o` #l`br guklhb no `ls òtrls' lsukoohtbheos o` ;bmjorhb no 7`brohejl, @b$oh6b J #o Ko#jejs; 38C38=, oh eul !jaurlno koeohls so ebhualh tlkmj>h `l no prbtoetbr pbotl' roprosohtlhnb l su #o6 `l#j#l oxprosjh no` kuhnb rohleohtjstl. O`lmbrlr uh prbarlkl no goaokbhlpb`tjel !`brohtjhl ebh uhl gmj` o"uj`jmrlnl letulejh oh `bs lsuhtbs no` Ostlnb'sjhb l trl#>s no `l letj#jnln `jtorlrjl' jkpu`slhnb o` eu`tb no `l `jtorlturl oh òhaul#uàlr tobrj6lhnb `l suproklel no` tbselhb' ebh `bs prostjajbsbs lhtoeonohtos noNlhto' Sotrlrel %beleejb' !uhnlhnb `l %jm`jbtoel )lurohtjhl. Oh o` torrohb pb`tjebtu#b "uo oh!rohtlrso l` pltrjejlnb' "uo oh /&AD jhtoht lelmlr ebh `bs K>njejs.0ooh!roht tlkmj>h l` Slpl Uj7tb J,"ujoh ò noe`lr `l auorrl lpblnb pbr 7orhlhnb J

>


5/21

no Hpbòs' porb )broh6b J `bar ltrlorso l` kbhlrel hlpb`jtlhb' ebh `b "uo su pbnorlukoht.

No sus tros gjbs' So#$b JJò sueonj oh o` pbnor' l`jlnb no Elr`bs 9JJJ no7rlhejl' !uo oxpu`slnb no 7`brohejl oh /&@&.)u`jh roeupor o` pbnor oh /-/= ebhlpbb no` Slpl 2u`jb JJ no `ls trbpls osplb`ls.)o sueonj@b$oh6b ;38=3F3,gjb no Sonrb JJ sbmrjhb no )oh G' "uj>h `b hbkmr Elpjth ;ohorl` no `l Jaòsjl ò ohtroa o` Nuelnb no sto sorl' l "ujoh Kl"ujl#o``b nonjelrl su `jmrbO`S$?hejpo, muselhnb ebkb njeo oh `l nonjeltbrjl no `l bmrl-ebhujstl$ `l +$lejl #o uh

p$?hejpo., oxproslhnb l` !jhl`j6lr `l nonjeltbrjl5-]oej'l puos uost$l Kl+hj1jeohejl

osto pouoAb b'soujb ebh `l "js"l jhtohej(h ebh uo bs `b b1$o6eb sj `b ò>js


6/21

J#ols Eoht$lòs #o Klujl!o``b

)l bmrl no Hjeb`s Kl"ujl#o` b' hleo no `l ebhuhejh no nbs !letbros5 pbr uh`lnb o` torjeb no s`jnl !brklejh guklhjstl' pbr btrb o` no` gbkmro no leejh'ebkprbkotjnb oh `bs lsuhtbs pb`tjebs no 7`brohejl no `l Jtl`jl no l"uo` kbkohtbgjstrjeb "uo ò tbe #j#jr. ?bnb o``b so pbnrl noejr "uo jh!ùohejnotorkjhlhtokohto oh `l !brklejh no su pohslkjohtb' "uo klnur oh ebgorohejlno `b "uo ks tlrno >` kjskb ``lklrl 1#ornln o!oetul`:. Ebkb so njb lhtorjbrkohtoO` S$?hejpo !uo o`lmbrlnb oh uh jhtohtb no nokbstrlr l `bs Konjejs su oxporjohejl

su nosjhtoroslnl eb`lmbrlejh. O` S$?hejpo !uo jhjejlnb l` kjskb tjokpb "uo susNjseu$sbs sb'$o `l p$j"o$l #>el#l #o ^jtb @j!jb, oh `bs eulòs jhtohtlml ohsolrebkb so !brklh' so klhtjohoh so njsuo`#oh `ls rop8m`jels. Oh @bs Njseu$sbs: sotobrj6l sbmro l"uo``l rop8m`jel "uo plrl o` lutbr orl `l !brkl ks l`tl no` Ostlnb'kjohtrls "uo oh O` S$?hejpo,glm`l sbmro o` prjhejplnb' #jstb ebkb rokonjb pbsjmòplrl eulhnb osth lusohtos `ls #jrtunos e#jels "uo klhtjohoh `l rop8m`jel so gleohoeoslrjb ``lklr l oso 1prhejpo: b `nor no oxeopejh. Kl"ujl#o``b so bpbhl l `bs``lklnbs utbpjstls pb`tjebs CS`lth' EjeorhL l o``b so uhl uh posjkjskbebheomjnb oh `bs gbkmros' eul hlturlò6l' >` ebhsjnorlml' orl kl`#lnl. Ebkbsbùejh l ostl #jsjh no` gbkmro' surao `l hoeosjnln no` Ostlnb ebkb 8hjeb rokonjbplrl #oheor o` jhnj#jnul`jskb' bralhj6lhnb l `bs gbkmros oh uhl uhjnln ebh uh !jhebk8h.

poslr no `l 1kl`l prohsl: "uo gl tohjnb Kl"ujl#o``b osto `jmrb ohplrtjeu`lr' >` gb os ebhsjnorlnb ebkb o` plnro no` pohslkjohtb pb`tjeb kbnorhb' l"uo !uo o` prjkorb oh nonjelrso l noserjmjr `l rol`jnln pb`tjel tl` eul` os' nolhnb no`lnb `bs p`lhtolkjohtbs >tjebs b ro`jajbsbs' tohjohnb `l kjskl uh elretorosohejl`kohto utj`jtlrjb' ost njrjajnl l uh prhejpo' nhnbò roa`ls prletjels sbmroebkb os ks o!jel6 abmorhlr.B` noserjmo ebkb sbh `bs Ostlnbs' hb ebkb nomoh sor' os no ostl !brkl ebkb noseumro `l 1#ornln o!oetj#l:. Ostb "uonl e`lrb l oh `lnonjeltbrjl l )broh6b eulhnb njeo5-:pb$uo "j jhtohej(h &l sj#b uo hb o7jstl "s

pb"pl < l#b$hb uo `l !o$#l# #o `bs &oe&bs:.Ostb so #o e`lrlkohto tlkmj>h oh o` Elpjtu`b G9 eulhnb njeo5 1:sjoh#b "j jhtohej(hose$j'j$ uhl ebsl /tj` pl$l ujoh `l eb"p$oh#l, "o &l pl$oej#b "s ebh!ohjohto

so+uj$ `l !o$#l# $ol` #o `l "lto$jl, uo `bs #os!l$?bs #o `l j"l+jhlej(h oh `b

ebheo$hjohto l o``l5 Kue&bs &lh j"l+jhl#b ]op/'`jels < p$jhejpl#bs uo huhelo7jstjo$bh oh $ol`j#l#5 Gl< tlhtl #jstlhejl #o e("b so !j!o l eb"b so #o'o$?l !j!j$,uo o` uo #o9l o` ostu#jb #o `b uo so &leo pl$l ostu#jl$ `b uo so #o'o$?l &leo$lp$oh#o "s 'joh `b uo #o'o b'$l$ su $ujhl uo `b uo #o'o p$oso$!l$ò #o o``l5.

Oh no!jhjtj#l' l trl#>s no` `jmrb noserjmo `bs k>tbnbs l trl#>s no `bs eulòsbmtohor klhtohor o` pbnor' nos`jalhnb `l >tjel no `l pb`tjel' luh"uo no su òeturlgl ejortbs plslos oh `bs "uo so ln#jorto ejortbs ltjsmbs no >tjelM b "uj6sjkpòkohto o` jhstjhtb no "uo hb os prunohto roajrso s`b pbr `l lkmjejh no pbnor'pbr"uo ostb so puono #b`#or oh ebhtrl no` prhejpo' sol pbr eul`"ujorl no ostbskbtj#bs' eulhnb ebkohtl `ls leejbhos no altbeòs plrl gleorso no` pbnor oh0jej`jl' oh `l p.&A no` Elptu`b 9JJJ njeo5.Hb so puo#o ``l"l$ !l`b$33"ltl$ l susebheju#l#lhbs, t$ljejbhl$ l `bs l"j+bs, el$oeo$ #o 1o, #o &u"lhj#l# < #o $o`j+j(hostbs "o#jbs puo#oh `ò!l$ l l#uj$j$ o` j"po$jb, po$b hb `l +`b$jl. )l a`brjl os uhsohtjnb hobe`sjeb' o` #l`br suprokb' ebkb jnol` no trlseohnohejl oh o` tjokpb' plrlosb sjr#o o` pbnor' oh `l kohto l8h rohleohtjstl no Kl"ujl#o``b' "uo pjohsl oserjmoostb oh uhl 7`brohejl ebh#ortjnl oh elkpb no mltl``l ohtro Ospll 7rlhejl.

`b oserjmo' 1rotjrlnb: ùoab no uhl letj#l #jnl pb`tjel kj`jtlr l` sor#jejb no7`brohejl' uhl #o6 `jmorlnb no sus rospbhslmj`jnlnos punb kjrlr !rlkohto l`gbkmro sus leejbhos' koroejohnb #o %$lhejs Mlebh3= osto ebkohtlrjb5 -Kue&b#o'o"bs l Klujl!o``b < l bt$bs eb"b >`, uo ose$j'jo$bh sb'$o `b uo &leoh `bs&b"'$os < hb sb'$o `b uo #o'o$?lh &leo$.7jhl`kohto su `jmrb' O` S$?hejpo' oserjtb oh /-/$' ebh ebhsobs plrl o` 1prhejpo: no7`brohejl' @b$oh6b Csu hjotb' hb o` arlh koeohlsL' hb ò sjahj!je kslarlnoejkjohtb ltohejh pbr plrto no >sto "uo uh oh#b no mbto``ls no #jhb. Oh O`S$?hejpo' Kl"ujl#o``b hb #l nosno `bs prjhejpjbs glstl `l rol`jnln' sjhb "uo gleo

oxletlkohto `b ebhtrlrjb' plrto no `l rol`jnln o!oetj#l ùoab nosno l``' `òal glstl`bs prjhejpjbs aohorlòs "uo `l rol`jnln ò ohsolh.

os no ostl !brkl "uo `òal glstl `l ``lklnl rl6h no Ostlnb. Sbr 8`tjkb osjkpbrtlhto nostlelr' "uo oh o` Elptu`b GG9J' l` !jhl` no` `jmrb' pbhjohnb no

6


7/21

klhj!jostb uhl no sus probeuplejbhos b lspjrlejbhos' "uo surajrlh no osl Jtl`jlnj#jnjnl oh prjhejplnbs rojhbs nj#orsbs' gleo uhl sorjo no roebkohnlejbhos oxgbrtlejbhos l su prhejpo' plrl `barlr o` jnol` no uhl Jtl`jl uhjnl' `jmorlnl no `bs1mrmlrbs:.

Sltrjejb Eb`bkmb Kur8l' oh su bmrl Eu$sb #o No$oe&b Sb`?tjeb3 ejtlhnb lEglròs %ohbrst' noserjmo `ls elrletorstjels !uhnlkohtlòs "uo soa8h Kl"ujl#o``bnomo tohor o` Srhejpo "uo nomo #ohjr50u rol`jskb5 nomo ostlr ltohtb plrl ebhsu`tlr `bs goegbs nosohtrllr `l #ornlnplrl pbnor bporlr ebh o!jelejl proejsjh.

0u oabskb5 lhtopbho su porsbhl l eul`"ujor ebhsjnorlejh' oh oso oskorlnbeu`tj#b no su b' oorejtl su #bùhtln' njsejp`jhl su pohslkjohtb l >` sumbrnjhl susokbejbhos' sohtjkjohtbs hor#jbs.0u sohtjnb no` eèu`b5 nomo pro!orjr sor tokjnb "uo lklnb. 0j `barl sor lnokslklnb' tlhtb kobr' pbr "uo so abmjorhl ks o!jel6kohto eulhnb gl ebhsohsb.0u jhnj!orohejl l` mjoh l` kl`0o` prhejpo pro!joro o` mjoh. Sorb sj os hoeoslrjboorejtlr o` kl` plrl o#jtlr lkohl6ls l` pbnor `b nomo rol`j6lr sjh ros"uokbros.0u glmj`jnln5 -@l eul`j#l# #o` osohejl` #o` p$?hejpo os `l !j$t/.' "uo os uhl ohoraljkpotubsl' "uo ebkmjhl `l nostro6l' `l lstuejl' `l notorkjhlejh `l !uor6l.0u elplejnln no sjku`lejh kjkotjskb5 o` prhejpo ebhsjauo kobros rosu`tlnbs ltrl#>s no `l sjku`lejh o` !rluno "uo konjlhto o` okpòb no `l !uor6l.0u arlhno6l5 puono o#lnjrso no `bs ehbhos no `l kbrl` konjl pbr "uo su njkohsjh

ost pbr ohejkl no `l konjberjnln jkporlhto. 0u aohjb `b umjel ks l`` no` mjoh no` kl`.@b uo j"pb$tl pl$l "o#j$ `l leej(h pb`?tjel #o` p$?hejpo os `l o1jelejl < hb `l"b$l`j#l# jht$?hsoel #o sus #oejsjbhos5

Ko jhtorosl nostlelr oh su bmrl O` Srhejpo' o` Elptu`b GGJJ -No `bsUoe$otl$jbs uo `bs p$?hejpos tjohoh l su `l#b.' oh nbhno njeo5 1uo `l p$j"o$lebh9otu$l uo so &leo sb'$o o` tlòhtb #o uh p$?hejpo os !o$ `bs &b"'$os uo tjohol`$o#o#b$ eulh#b sbh su1jejohtos < 1joòs, sjo"p$o so ò puo#o ebhsj#o$l$jhto`j+ohto: po$b eulh#b solh #o bt$b "b#b, sjo"p$o so puo#o 1b$"l$ sb'$o >` uh

9ujejb pbeb 1l!b$l'ò, puos o` p$j"o$ o$$b$ uo eb"oto, `b eb"oto oh ostl oòeej(h5. so proauhtl ks lno`lhto5 -IE("b puo#o uh p$?hejpo ebhbeo$ l` "jhjst$bD555 Eulh#b!os l` "jhjst$b pohsl$ "s oh s? "js"b uo oh tj, < uo oh tb#ls sus leejbhos 'usel

su p$b!oe&b, pjohsl uo oso jh#j!j#ub uo ls? so eb"pb$tl huhel so$ 'uoh"jhjst$b.. pbr 8`tjkb' l oh o` Elptu`b sjaujohto `l "uo tjtu`l suaostj#lkohto 1No"uo kbnb gujr no `bs lnu`lnbros: njeo5 -:Hb ujo$b #o9l$ #o `l#b uh puhtbj"pb$tlhto:#o` uo `bs p$?hejpos so p$oso$!lh #j1?ej "ohto, sj hb sbh "ustbs sbh `bs l#u`l#b$os, #o `bs eulòs osth `òhls `ls eb$tos: Hb&l< bt$b "b#b #o +ul$#l$so #o `l l#u`lej(h uo &leo$ eb"p$oh#o$ l `bs &b"'$osuo hb to b1oh#oh eulh#b to #jeoh `l !o$#l#: Sb$ tlhtb uh p$?hejpo p$u#ohto #o'ooò+j$ oh su Ostl#b &b"'$os sl'jbs, < s(`b l o``bs #o'o #l$ l$'jt$jb pl$l uo ò #j+lh`l !o$#l#:.Ostbs ebhsobs oserjtbs gleo eultrb sja`bs' sjauoh tohjohnb uhl pòhl#jaohejl' nomorlh sor soaujnbs pbr huostrbs njrjaohtos ebhtokpbrhobs.

Gb''os, @be*o < ]bussolu Ebheopej(h #o` Ostl#b

?gbkls (bmmos

Oh eulhtb l ?gbkls (bmmos/&' b eul`"ujor btrb pohslnbr' hb erob "uo sopuonl ohtohnor o` sohtjnb no su bmrl' sj `l nosprohnokbs no su >pbel' su gjstbrjlporsbhl`' `bs kbkohtbs gjstrjebs "uo ò tbelrbh #j#jr su !brklejh' hb s`bleln>kjeb sjhb prbnuetb tlkmj>h no` ebhtletb ebh btrbs arlhnos pohslnbrosebhtokpbrhobs subs. Oh osto sohtjnb' lhtos no ohtrlr oh sus prjhejplòs jnols' sjh protohnor gleor uhl mjbarl!l no su porsbhl' kohejbhlr> "uo hleo ohKl`kosmur o` - no lmrj` no /-DD' gjb no ?gbkls' #jelrjb no ostpbrt' o` eulèlhslnb no `l plrrb"ujl' prbhtb lmlhnbhl `l !lkj`jl' ebkpuostl pbr tros gjbs sukuor. 7rlhejs' gorklhb no `l klnro so gleo elrab no `l kjskl' eujnlhnboskorlnlkohto l` po"uob ?gbkls. )l l!jejh nbkjhjb "uo prbhtb nokbstr pbr`ls òhauls e`sjels ò `ò#lrbh l trlnuejr l `bs /& lbs' `l Ko#olno Ourpjnos ohkmjebs `ltjhbs.

`bs /- jharosl oh o` Klanoòh (l`` no x!brn' plslhnb pbeb nospu>s l `l


8/21

no j``jlk El#ohnjsg' !uturb Ebhno no No#bhsgjro' l eul elsl ostlr uhjnb tbnl `l#jnl. ebkpllhnb l` b#oh j``jlk rol`j6l #jlos l` ebhtjhohto "uo ò porkjtohebhbeor l ;l jòb' o` ereu`b no` plnro Korsohho `l Oseuo`l #o Sl#ul/-. Oh /F&3ejreu`lh oh !brkl no klhuserjtbs' sus Oò"ohts b1 @l, hltu$l` lh# pb`jtje' "uo hborl su prjkorl bmrl oserjtl' puos oh /F=D glml pum`jelnb uhl trlnueejh no `lGjstb$jl #o `l 4uo$$l #o` So`bpbhosb no ?uenjnos. ?okjohnb sbmro `l roleejhpb`tjel leorel no sus klhuserjtbs' so oxj`jl l 7rlhejl o` kjskb lb no `l pum`jelejhno Oò"ohts:, // lbs nurlr su `lrab oxj`jb' o` eul` ebjhejnjr ebh su otlpl ksprbnuetj#l ebkb oserjtbr5

Oh /F&= pum`jel No Ej!o, oh nbhno prolhuhejl kuegls no `ls jnols "uo ùoabp`lsklrl oh 1@o!jlth, b `l "lto$jl, `l 1b$"l < o` pb#o$ #o uh ostl#b oeòsjstjeb s Nohjs Njnorbt=&' "ujoh ò ohelra oserjmjr notorkjhlnbs lrteu`bs sbmrok8sjel plrl `l Oheje`bponjl.

Oh /A-3 alh o` prokjb no `l elnokjl no Njbh pbr su Njseu$sb sb'$o `lsejohejls < `ls l$tosC/A-3L ' oh /A-=' !uo jhtorprotlnl pbr prjkorl #o6 su porl O`

sl'jb #o` puo'`b. ?lhtb oh `ls bmrls lhtorjbros' ebkb oh su B$j+oh < 1uh#l"ohtb #o`l #osj+ul`#l# oht$o `bs &b"'$os C/A--L' oxpusb `l tobrl "uo no!ohnl "uo `lejohejl' o` lrto `ls jhstjtuejbhos sbejlòs glh ebrrbkpjnb l `l guklhjnln' soa8h `leul` o` ostlnb hlturl`' b prjkjtj#b' os suporjbr oh o` p`lhb kbrl` l` ostlnb ej#j`j6lnbC#>lso Hlturl`jskbL. 0u e>òmro lsortb5 -^b#b os po$1oetb l` sl`j$ #o `ls "lhbs #oÈ$ol#b$ < tb#b #o+oho$l oh "lhbs #o `bs &b"'$os.' `l rotrjel porsulsj#l no ostbsoserjtbs prb#belrbh ebkohtlrjbs mur`bhos pbr plrto no 9b`tljro' "ujoh ltle `lsbpjhjbhos no +bussolu susejt uhl otorhl ohokjstln ohtro lkmbs !j`sb!bs!rlheosos. +bussolu lmlhnbh Slrs oh /A-F so rotjr l Kbhtkbrohe' nbhnooserjmj `l hb#o`l 2u`jl b )l huo#l O`bsl C/AF/L. Oh su !lkbsb trltlnb pb`tjeb Oèbht$ltb sbejl` b S$jhejpjbs #o #o$oe&b pb`?tjebC/AF=L' oxpusb sus lraukohtbs sbmro`jmortln ej#j` ebhtrjmu l `l pbstorjbr !uhnlkohtlejh mlso jnobàjel no `l

+o#bùejh 7rlheosl' l` no!ohnor `l suproklel no `l #bùhtln pbpu`lr !rohto l`noroegb nj#jhb.

0u pohslkjohtb


12/21

O` 'uoh sl`!l9oos o` puhtb no plrtjnl no `ls jnols sbejlòs no +bussolu. )lhlturlò6l brjajhlrjl orl `l no uh mrutb !o`j65 mrutb pbr"uo l` #j#jr ljs`lnb' elroeo noòhaulo ' pbr `b tlhtb' hb tjoho pbsjmj`jnlnos no noslrrb``b jhtoòetul`M porb !o`j6pbr"uo sus hoeosjnlnos msjels sbh !ejòs no sltjs!leor. -Uus #osobs hb !lh "sl`` #o sus hoeosj#l#os 1?sjels `bs /hjebs 'johos uo ebhbeo oh o` "uh#b sbh `leb"j#l, uhl &o"'$l < o` $opbsb `bs /hjebs "lòs uo to"o sbh o` #b`b$ < o` &l"'$o5Nj+b o` #b`b$ < hb `l "uo$to, puos o` lhj"l` hb sl'$ 9l"s `b uo os "b$j$, oèbhbej"johtb #o `l "uo$to < sus to$$b$os os uhl #o `ls p$j"o$ls l#ujsjejbhos uo

&j6b o` &b"'$o l` lpl$tl$so #o su ebh#jej(h lhj"l`.=FOh o` ostlnb no hlturlò6l o` gbkmro hb roebhbeo btrl ò "uo o` jhstjhtb no

ebhsor#lejh' porb >sto so #o kbnorlnb pbr uh soauhnb jhstjhtb5 `l pjonln' "uo ògleo o#jtlr `bs su!rjkjohtbs jhhoeoslrjbs no `bs btrbs "uo os `l mlso no no` jhstjhtbno sbejlmj`jnln. -Gl< l#o"s bt$b p$jhejpjb uo Gb''os hb &l b'so$!l#b, o` eul`,&l'j>h#bsoò #l#b l` &b"'$o pl$l sul!j6l$ oh ejo$tls ej$euhstlhejls `l 1o$bej#l# #o

su l"b$ p$bpjb b su #osob #o ebhso$!lej(h lhtos #o` hlej"johtb #o osto l"b$,"b#o$l o` l$#b$ uo sjohto pb$ su 'johostl$ ebh uhl jhhltl $opu+hlhejl l !o$ su1$j$l sus so"o9lhtos: Ko $o1jo$b l `l pjo#l#5.=C

Ko tbklr> `l `jeohejl' lhtos no ohtrlr oh su Ebht$ltb Ubejl`' no soaujrjhnlalhnb leorel no sus jnols msjels' "uo osth p`lsklnls oh su B$j+oh h#bso uhl

huo!l $ol`j#l# pb`?tjel ebh uh eoht$b uhjtl$jb #o pb#o$, jh#opoh#johto oh `b o7to$jb$o jhto$jb$ ebheoht$lh#b oh uhl uhj#l# #o #b"jhlej(h `bs jhst$u"ohtbs #o pb#o$o1oetj!b oh uh "'jtb to$$jtb$jl` #oto$"jhl#b, `l pl`l'$l Ostl#b os o"pòl#l pl$lhb"jhl$ osl huo!l $ol`j#l# uo tjoho l#!ohj"johtb #u$lhto o` ]ohlej"johtb oh `lseju#l#os$op/'`jels jtl`jlhls:.' sjohnb `bs ro"ujsjtbs "uo ebh!jaurlh ostl uhjnln nonbkjhlejh5 `l oxjstohejl no uh abmjorhb o!oetj#b' ebh uh sb`b o>rejtbC oh Jtl`jlelmrjl gleor `l sl`#onln no` !ohkohb no `bs ebhnbttjorj=DL' uhl lnkjhjstrlejh

orlr"uj6lnl' uh brnoh urnjeb uhjtlrjb' ebh `l !uor6l hoeoslrjl plrl jkpbhor l suss8mnjtbs o` nomor no bmonjohejl aohorl`. O` prjkor torjeb no ostl huo#l !brkl nouhjnln urnjel os)olh Mb#jh=@' "ujoh oh /-AF' ò lnunjel `ls !leu`tlnos no urnjelsno òajs`lr no u6alr' !leu`tlnos jhgorohtos l `l sbmorlhl' glej>hnb`l o"uj#lòhtol` pbnor.

Os oh su bmrl Njseu$sbs sb'$o `l N>el#l #o ^jtb @j!jb' nbhno Hjeb`sKl"ujl#o``b' noslrrb``lr su jnol no Ostlnb' oxproslhnb l`` su ebh#jeejh oh `lrop8m`jel ebkb kbnb jhsuporlmò no bralhj6lejh pb`tjel. O` Ostlnb kl"ujl#>`jeb os`ljeb' mlslnb oh o` lr"uotjpb rbklhb ebhstrujnb l plrtjr no `l rl6h. Oh ostl bmrl' nosno uhl porspoetj#l gjstrjel prbpbho ebkb plrlnjakl !uturb l` Ostlnbropum`jelhb' nohnbso #or oh o``l' su lnkjrlejh ohtusjlskb pbr `l +op8m`jelrbklhl. Oh su `jmrb No` l$to #o `l +uo$$l2' so puono òor' ro!jrj>hnbso l `bs rbklhbs'b `bs lhtj+ubs' ebkb òs ``lklmlh5 -Uj !b`!o"bs `l !jstl l sus jhstjtuejbhos,ohebht$l$?l"bs "ue&ls ebsls uo hb so$?lh j"pbsj'òs #o jht$b#uej$ oh uhl

sbejo#l# "o#jlhl"ohto slhl:@l ebstu"'$o #o &bh$l$ < p$o"jl$ `ls !j$tu#os, hb#osp$oejl$ `l pb'$o6l, ostj"l$ o` osp?$jtu < `ls hb$"ls #o `l #jsejp`jhl "j`jtl$, b'`j+l$l `bs eju#l#lhbs l l"l$so `bs uhbs < `bs bt$bs, !j!j$ sjh 'lh#o$?ls, lp$oejl$ "ohbs `b

pl$tjeu`l$ uo `b p/'`jeb:Jht$b#uej$`ls so$?l eb"b p`lhtl$ $'bòs, l eu


14/21

jhtohtl#b le`j"ltl$ tb#ls `ls ospoejos #o $'bòs #o `ls uo t$ltl'lh `bs `j'$bslhtj+ubs, `b uo ò !l`j( osto l`tj!b #oslj$o0 oh ù+l$ #o $osuejtl$ `l lhtj+o#l# oh`bs $'bòs, uo `l $osuejtlso oh `bs &b"'$os. Ostls pl`lmrls sbh plrto no `bsnj`babs no `l bmrl no Kl"ujl#o` b No` L$to #o `l +uo$$l' `l eul` os uh lh`jsjsnotl``lnb ro!òxj#b' "uo `l eb`bel ohtro `bs kobros oserjtbs sbmro tetjel ostrltoajl' leohtulhnb sjh okmlrab pbr sbmro tbnb `l m8s"uonl no `l pl6 o`mjohostlr sbejl` oebhkjeb' `jmrb "uo !uo nonjelnb l uh jh!ùohto porsbhlo no `lpb`tjel !`brohtjhl' okplrohtlnb ebh `bs K>njejs' l "uo Kl"ujl#o``b' ostlmlebh#ohejnb no `l hoeosjnln "uo 7`brohejl ebhtlrl ebh su prbpjb o>rejtb' ebkb !brkl

no alrlhtj6lr o` Ostlnb.?bnls sus jnols ropum jelhls' lnkjrlejh pbr o` lr"uotjpb rbklhb'

ebhtrlstlh ebh `l rol`jnln no su Jtl`jl nj#jnjnl' `ò#hnb`b l `l m8s"uonl no uh `nor'uh S$?hejpo' "uo tbklrl oh sus klhbs `l klahl tlrol no `l uhj!jelejh' m8s"uonl"uo glr glstl o` !jh no sus nls. Sbr osb' torkjhl lnserjmjohnb l` lmsbùtjskb' oèul` os' oh >` lmsbùtlkohto ejreuhstlhejl`. Njeo Eb`bkmb Kur8l5 -O` l'sbùtjs"b #oKlujl!o``b os #o el$eto$ ebh oheulhtb l su bpjhjh ebh rospoetb l `l ebhnjejh no `bs gbkmros' no "ujohos lkmbs hbtjohoh uh muoh ebheoptb. 9b`#johnb l `ls ebheopejbhos no Ostlnb' sjh okmlrab' poso l `b oserjtb oh O` S$?hejpo' su jnol` orl sjh nunl' `l +op8m`jel' hb sb`lkohto'oserjmjrl sbmro o``b' sjh "uo plrtjejplrl letj#lkohto oh pb`tjel oh su 7`brohejlhltl`' pbr `l +op8m`jel' "uo ùoab elorl pbr `bs K>njejs.

Ebh rospoetb l +bussolu' su #jsjh no `bs gbkmros os tbtl`kohto bpuostl l `lno Kl"ujl#o``b l `l no (bmmos' glstl tjoho oh o``l uh nob no rbklhtjejskb' puos o`sbstjoho' "uo sbh muohbs pbr hlturlò6l "uo os `l sbejonln' `l "uo `bs ebrrbkpo.

?l` #o6 oso rbklhtjejskb' os o` "uo orl hoeoslrjb' b !uo jhspjrlnbr plrl `b "uo !uoùoab `l +o#bùejh 7rlheosl' "uo tbklrl sus jnols b 1mlhnorls: plrl `ò#lr`llno`lhto. )l !uhnlkohtl` nj!orohejl' so nl oh eulhtb l `l tjtu`lrjnln no `l sbmorlhl'l "uo soa8h +bussolu' `l sbmorlhl rosjnjl oh o` puom`b' `b eul` `b nj!orohejlhbtbrjlkohto no (bmmos no Kl"ujl#o` b' l "ujohos pbnrlkbs el`j!jelr nolmsbùtjstls' l "uo oh su #jsjh' o` pbnor rosjnl oh o` sbmorlhb' ``koso +o bSrhejpo.

+bussolu oh O` Ebht$ltb Ubejl`' lsoaurl tlkmj>h `l jaul`nln no tbnbs `bsejunlnlhbs' `l eul` uhtb l `l `jmortln so uhoh oh ostl sbejonln nokbertjel "uo >`njsol' oh `l eul` `l ò os oxprosjh no `l #bùhtln aohorl`. Os l` kjskb tjokpb `l#bùhtln no` sbmorlhb o` kjskb sbmorlhb oh `ls prbpjls pl`lmrls no +bussolu5`b uo pjo$#o o` &b"'$o pb$ o` ebht$ltb sbejl` os su `j'o$tl# hltu$l` < uh #o$oe&bj`j"jtl#b l tb#b `b uo jhtohtl < puo#o lèlh6l$ `b uo +lhl oh >` "js"b os `l`j'o$tl# ej!j` < `l p$bpjo#l# l tb#b `b uo pbsoo5 555pb#$?l"bs lAl#j$ `l l#ujsjej(h#o` Ostl#b ej!j` < `l `j'o$tl# "b$l , uo s(`b &leo l` &b"'$o !o$#l#o$l"ohto #uoAb#o sj pb$uo `l j"pu`sj(h #o` sb`b lpotjtb os ose`l!jtu#, < `l b'o#johejl l `l ò< uo

so &l p$ose$jtb uhb ls? "js"b os `j'o$tl#5)bs elrletorstjels no `l sbmorlhl pbpu`lr sbh5 os jhl`johlmò5 jkp`jel "uo hb

puono noòalrso oh roprosohtlhtos' ebh `b "uo `l nokberlejl roprosohtltj#l osroegl6lnlM os jhnj#jsjmò5 hb so lnkjto `l tobrl no `l nj#jsjh no pbnorosM osjh!l`jmò5 `l #bùhtln aohorl` os sjokpro roetl tjohno l `l utj jnln p8m`jelM oslmsbùtl5 o` pletb sbejl` ebh!joro l` euorpb pb`tjeb uh pbnor lmsbùtb sbmro `bssubs.

Lpb$tos #o Kbhtosujou < ]bussolu l l Sb`?tjel


15/21

Eglròs,)bujs no Kbhtos"ujou

C/FD@,/A--L' oserjtbr urjstl !rlhe>s hlejnb oh o` elstj``b no )l %rUno ebhbejnb uhj#orsl`kohto pbr sus Elrtls porsls O` osprjtu no `ls òos. Ostunj oh`l Oseuo`l no rltbrjl no 2uj`` pbstorjbrkohto oh %urnobs. Oh /A/& so ebh#jrtj ohebhsoorb no` Slr`lkohtb no %urnobs' no` "uo !uo prosjnohto ohtro /A/F /A=D.Kbhtos"ujou nostle pbr prjkorl #o6 ebkb oserjtbr ebh sus El$tls po$sls ;3=35Ohostl bmrl' konjlhto o` roeursb no `l ro`lejh opjstb`lr ohtro nbs lrjsterltls porslsno #jlo pbr Ourbpl' Kbhtos"ujou gleo uhl stjrl no `bs pb`tjebs !rlheosos no sutjokpb' ls ebkb no `ls ebhnjejbhos sbejlòs' `bs lsuhtbs oeòsjstjebs `l `jtorlturlno `l >pbel. O` `jmrb ln"ujrj rpjnlkohto uhl ohbrko pbpu`lrjnln. 7uo uhl no `lsprjkorls bmrls no `l Jùstrlejh' "uo' ebh su ertjel l `ls jhstjtuejbhos !rlheoslsnurlhto `l kbhlr"ul no `l Elsl no %brmh' l lhuhejlml o` aorkoh no `l +o#bùejh7rlheosl.

)l !lkl "uo ln"ujrj Kbhtos"ujou ebh >stl ò lmrj `ls puortls no `l elnokjl7rlheosl oh /A=D. 0u soauhnl bmrl sbmrosl`johto !uo Ebhsj#o$lejbhos sb'$o `lselusls #o `l +$lh#o6l < #oel#ohejl #o `bs $b"lhbs ;38L' uhl no `ls prjkorlsbmrls jkpbrtlhtos oh `l 7j`bsb!l no `l gjstbrjl. Sorb su bmrl klostrl os O` osp?$jtu#o `ls òh lpbrt huo#lsjnols plrl o` ostlmòejkjohtb no uh r>ajkoh pb`tjeb nj!orohto' elrletorj6lnb pbr `lnj#jsjh b soplrlejh no pbnoros pb`tjebs pbr uhl huo#l ebhsjnorlejh no` pbnorrol`. O` osp?$jtu #o `ls òajkoh "uo ò gj6b e>òmro. sjkjskb' Kbhtos"ujoujhsjstl oh `l hoeosjnln no "uo o` òajs`lnbr o`lmbrlrl `ls òos no tl` kbnb "uoebkmjhlrl nbs oòkohtbs !uhnlkohtlòs5 `l hoeosjnln hlturl` o` elretor no `lhlturlò6l no `ls ebsls' `l bm`jalejh no lèlh6lr `l !o`jejnln no `l klbrl no `bsejunlnlhbs C"uo ebhsjnorlml uhl !jhl`jnln hoeoslrjl no tbnb sjstokl òal` no tbnl!brkl no abmjorhbL. Sbstorjbrkohto ostunjl `l ro`lejh oxjstohto ohtro `ls òos nouh pls sus ebhnjejbhos hlturlòs Ctlòs ebkb o` e`jkl b su elretor aobar!jebL'osmb6lhnb jhtoroslhtos lh`jsjs ebkohtlrjbs sbmro `bs plsos ourbpobs no su


16/21

tjokpb' prosohtlhnb' l su ohtohnor `l ro`lejh oxjstohto ohtro `ls ebstukmros no uhpls sus òos' nostlelhnb `l jh!ùohejl no `ls eroohejls ro`jajbsls' `ls ebstukmros'o` ebkorejb o` lrto' ohtro btrbs lspoetbs' sbmro `l !brklejh no `ls òos l!jrklhnb su ebh#ohejkjohtb no "uo `ls òos #lrlh l `b `lrab no `l gjstbrjl puonoh sor kbnj!jelnls plrl lnoeulrso l `bs elkmjbs no ebstukmros. 7jhl`kohto' solmbel l` lhl`jsjs no `bs rlsabs no `ls lhtjauls òos rbklhls !ounlòs' prostlhnbuhl ospoejl` ltohejh l` noslrrb``b no `ls òos !rlheosls. O` osp?$jtu #o `ls @ostls plrl pbnor oòajr `lskobros òos roau`lr no `l klhorl ks ebh!brko ebh l` hlturlò6l hoeosjnlnosno `bs gbkmros' `ls òos l `ls "uo bmonoeoh. Erob "uo `bs prjhejplòs lpbrtos noKbhtos"ujou Csbmro tbnb >`L +bussolu so ro!joroh l `l prjklrjl ebh!jaurlejh no`sjstokl pb`tjeb no uh Ostlnb' sohtlhnb `ls mlsos no `b "uo os huostrb letul`brnohlkjohtb urnjeb' b plrl sor ks proejsbs o` brnohlkjohtb urnjeb no `lssbejonlnos beejnohtlòs oh su ebhuhtb.

Os ku jkpbrtlhto rosl`tlr `l jh!ùohejl no Kbhtos"ujou sbmro `bsoheje`bponjstls ro#bùejbhlrjbs' por!j`hnbso `ls nbs njroeejbhos "uo osl jh!ùohejltohnr5 `l jhtoòetul` oh aohorl` `l pb`tjel oh ebherotb. O` elsb no Kbhtos"ujou hbos o` no +bussolu' l "uo oh osto 8`tjkb' lpohls sj so puonoh nj!orohejlr nbhno

ebkjoh6l nbhno torkjhl `l ro!òxjh "uo hb ost ebhnjejbhlnl pbr `ls eltoabrlspb`tjels. Elmor roebrnlr "uo O` Ebht$ltb Ubejl` jhspjrlr l `bs ro#bùejbhlrjbs!rlheosos oh /AD@ l `l ebkuhl no /DA3.

Jhspjr tlkmj>h l 2o!!orsbh C/D=FL' lutbr no `l Noe`lrlejh no Jhnopohnohejlno `bs Ostlnbs rjel. Oh Kbhtos"ujou' oh elkmjb' `bs prbmòklspb`tjebs sbh sus prbmòkls !uhnlkohtlòs oh o` ebhuhtb no `l arlh lr"ujtoeturl no`ls òos' no >` so tbklrh `bs os"uokls !brklòs no `l bralhj6lejh pb`tjel no+bussolu' su rbklhtjejskb `jmortlrjb' "uo uhjnbs nj!uhnjnbs l trl#>s no nj!orohtoskonjbs' sorl o` el`nb no eu`tj#b b !uhnlkohtlejh no `ls ro#bùejbhos "uo soprbnuorbh oh `l k>rjel gjsplhl.

Ebheùsjbhos

)l ejohejl pb`tjel kbnorhl so gl beuplnb prjhejpl`kohto no `ls jnolsoxproslnls pbr `bs pohslnbros !j sb!bs pb`tjebs' hb s`b leorel no`!uhejbhlkjohtb no `l pb`tjel sjhb sbmro ekb nomorl !uhejbhlr. O``bs glh lhl`j6lnb`l hlturlò6l `l ustj!jelejh no `l lutbrjnln o` nomor pb`tjebs no sus !jhos luh"uo sus ebheùsjbhos b pbstu`lnbs glh sjnb njskjòs ebhtrlnjetbrjbs' b pbnrlhel`j!jelrso gb no utpjebs oh làuhbs elsbs' glh tohjnb oh ebk8h `l plsjh oèbh#ohejkjohtb hoeoslrjb plrl no!ohnor`ls hb s`b oh sus oserjtbs' sjhb "uo kuegbsno o``bs' glh lebkpllnb `l tobrl ebh `l prlxjs pb`tjel' làb "uo jheùsb òs gl#l`jnb porsoeuejbhos oxj`jbs. ?l` #o6 o` nohbkjhlnbr ebk8h oh o``bs sol o` nomorno` pohslnbr b !j`sb!b pb`tjeb no pbsjejbhlrso oh `b "uo os' plrl lèlh6lr bprbpbhor `b "uo nomorl sor' ohtro `l sjtulejh pb`tjel no su tjokpb' l"uo``l "uopbnrl sor suporlnbrl' oh !uhejh no sus jnolòs' sus plrtjeu`lros #jsjbhos no `lbralhj6lejh pb`tjel' b no` Ostlnb.

ûj6s puonl oselplr oh làb l ostl aohorl`j6lejh o` elsb no Kl"ujl#o``b' l"uo su tobrl pb`tjel' ebkb l gokbs #jstb' so `jkjtlml l `l rol`jnln ebherotl'prbnuetb no su oxporjohejl b prlxjs' noshunlhnb `bs ebkpbrtlkjohtbs pb tjebsebherotbs' nolhnb no `lnb oh làuhbs elsbs o` ujejb kbrl`' "uo o``bs òkoroejorlh' lhl j6lhnb no !brkl ebherotl `ls sjtulejbhos o!oetulhnbroebkohnlejbhos l l"uo``bs abmjorhbs "uo jhtohtlh ebhsor#lr o` pbnor. )b ejortb os"uo `b `lrab no` tjokpb' o` jhtor>s osohejl` no ostbs pohslnbros gl ajrlnb oh tbrhb l`l bralhj6lejh no `l sbejonln ej#j`' oh tbrhb l `ls tobrls no` Ostlnb. Jhjejl`kohtoS`lth o!oetu uhl arlh ebhtrjmuejh oh njroeejh l oso jhtor>s ebh sus nj`babs nosu bmrl @l ]op/'`jel' bmrl oh `l eul` pbhl oh uh prjkor p`lhb `l tobrl kbrl` ebhrospoetb l `l pretjel pb`tjel.

Sbr su plrto'L$jst(toòs' l "ujoh lp`jel pbr prjkorl #o6 uh k>tbnb ejoht!jeb l`l tobrl pb`tjel' rol`j6lhnb oh su bmrl Sb`?tjelhb sb`lkohto uhl e`lsj!jelejh no `bsnjstjhtbs tjpbs abmjorhb Ckbhlr"uls' lrjstberlejls nokberlejlsL' sjhb "uonoslrrb`` `b "uo so pbnrl ``lklr uhl jh#ostjalejh okprjel ebh uh lh`jsjs ertjeb'


17/21

b!roejohnb uh kbno`b plrl `bs ostunjbs pb`tjebs. Hb elmo nunl' "uo `bspohslkjohtbs tobrls !j`bs!jels glh tohjnb uhl #jheu`lejh njroetl ebh `lssjtulejbhos gjstrjels ebherotls' sus prbmòktjels sbejlòs pb`tjels. Ostb rosu`tlku o#jnohto oh o` elsb no ?gbkls (bmmos' l "uo `l rol`jnln "uo #j#l jh!ù oh `loh!ltj6lejh no` pbnor no` ;bmjorhb oh o` Ostlnb l plrtjr no su bmrl ks jkpbrtlhto'@o!jlth' oh `l eul` prbpuahl pbr uh sbmorlhb ebh pbnor j`jkjtlnb nlnb "uo oÒstlnb so brjajhl oh o` ``lklnb ebhtrltb sbejl`' oh o` eul` `bs jhnj#jnubs leoptlh uhpbnor suporjbr plrl prbtoaorso no sus prbpjbs jhstjhtbs lhjklòs plrl pbnorsltjs!leor ejortbs nosobs guklhbs.

)b&h @be*o' rotbkl arlh plrto no ostl tobrl no` ebhtrltb sbejl` no (bmmos'porb sbstohjohnb "uo `l sbmorlhl rosjno oh o` puom`b. )bs abmorhlhtos sbh sb`blnkjhjstrlnbros no ostl sbmorlhl' puonoh sor norrbelnbs òatjklkohto sj hbeukpòh ebh su plrto oh oso ebhtrltb sbejl`. )bs jnolòs nokbertjebs ropum`jelhbsso #jorbh ro!br6lnbs ebh `bs lpbrtos no Kbhtosujou no)olh)leuos ]bussolu' nojnols sjkj`lros l `ls no @be*o "uo sbh ebkb l so njb lhtorjbrkohto' proeursbrlsno` letul` brnohlkjohtb urnjeb no `ls sbejonlnos nokbertjels beejnohtlòs.0bejonlnos nokbertjels' "uo l8h tjohoh `l bpbrtuhjnln no gbhrlr su nohbkjhlejh' gleor rol jnln `bs jnolrjbs pbstu`lnbs no ostbs arlhnos gbkmros. )le*osKl$jtljh3 oh su `jmrb 1Erjstjlhjskb Nokberlejl: C/@&=L' oserjtb eulhnb su plsostlml beuplnb pbr `bs lòklhos' noel5 -:`l j+ul`#l# #o'o $ostl'òeo$so oh uhhj!o` "s oò!l#b, < 1$uetj1jel$ oh `l pbsj'j`j#l#, pl$l tb#bs, #o toho$ leeosb l uhl

!j#l #j+hl #o` &b"'$o, oh o` +beo, lso+u$lh#b l tb#bs #o `bs 'johos oò"ohtlòs,"lto$jlòs < ospj$jtulòs, #o uhl !j#l tl`, < oh `l $ol` pl$tjejplej(h #o el#l uhb,so+/h sus elplej#l#os < sus "o$oej"johtbs:. ûo ls sol4 nopohno no tbnbs.

H?0


18/21

fros!bs y b"rls $j!trj!ls sbh osoh!jl`%ohto ro`jajbsls /l"johnb $rbyo!tlnb o` !l%$lhjò no `l Cltonrl`no F`broh!jl' rlh Oheje`b!onjl /l`3lt ^.= !."AEbsjkb no K>njejs C/$D@,/&F&L `l%lnbEbsjkb o` :jo9b' Fjhlh!jstl y /b%"ro no ostlnb' J"`jalnbl oj`jlrso oh 5> tb% o` ab"jorhb no F`broh!jl !bh lyunl no` $uo"`b' Lsoaur su $bsj!jh no$brtlhnbl làuhbs no sus oho%jabs y lrrujhlhnb l btrbs !bh j%$uostbs' urlhto su %lhnltb l!tu !b%b%o!ohls fuhn `l L!lno%jl 8ob$`lthj!l y trlhsfbr% l F`broh!jl oh `l !l$jtl` no` /u%lhjs%b' Klhn!bhstrujr o` Sl`l!jb no `bs K+nj!js ls. !b%b `l j"`jbto!l no ,lh Klr!b y `l ;aòsjl no ,lh broh#b'Oheje`b!onjl E`lr4h ^.


19/21

$u"`j! su $rjh!j$l` b"rl Sb`jtj!l Kot/bnj!o jaostl Lh`jsjs sjsto%tj!b no `l $b`.tj!l) oh `l !ulò$bh.l `l jnol yl $rosohto oh o` $ohsl%johtb no Molh bnjh) no uo o` stlnb os uh ralhb fonorltj(b!b%$uostb no !uor$bs %ohbros `l fl%j`jl `ls !br$brl!jbhos o!bh%j!ls `ls !junlnos y `ls $rb(jh!jls)'8b b"stlhto y oh !bhtrl no `ls tosjs l"sbùtjstls $rb$uahlnls $br bnjh L`t/usjus nofohn.l sb"ro "lsos!bhtrl!tulòs o` $rjh!j$jb no `l sb"orlh.l $b$u`lr y o` noro!/b no `bs %lajstrlnbs oò!tj(bs l rosjstjr l`tjrlhb b l !ulùjor btrb uo jhtohtlrl l"b jr `ls òyos fuhnl%ohtlòs no` stlnb' jstbrjl no`Sohslkjohtb ^bkb = *j+`jbtoel no Ebhs&`tl Kjerbsbft Ohelrtl =,,-=/ (uab ;rbejb C/-D$,/F&-) *urjstl ostlnjstl %lto%tj!b orunjtb y /u%lhjstl /b`lhn+s' ,usos!rjtbs *ur.nj!bs sohtlrbh `ls "lsos no` oro!/b jhtorhl!jbhl` %bnorhb $orb tl%"j+h fuo lutbr no(bù%jhbsbs trl"l*bs tobàj!bs $b+tj!bs /jstrj!bs y trlnu*b l `bs !`sj!bs' (uja #lh ;rbbt fuo su

(ornlnorb hb%"ro hl!j o`


20/21

=- 2olh 2le"uos +bussolu NJrjaoh y fuhnl%ohtb no `l nosjaul`nln ohtro `bs /b%"rosI


21/21

Kl"ujl#o``b Klr!o` rjbh Ml(jor 0oralrl njtbr uohbs Ljros

No` lrto no `l ;uorrl 8j!b`s Klujl(o``b nj!jbhos j"ortlnbr uohbs Ljros =33>

Njseursbs sbmro `l N>elnl no ?jtb )j#jb 8j!b`s Klujl(o``b

)oeejbhos O`okohtl`os no Sb`tjel Oor%h jnlrt Cl%$bs ;L& ,'L' njtbrl

uohbs Ljros

el hombre,la politica y el estado

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