ejemplo - conquistadores en la ef

8/18/2019 Ejemplo - Conquistadores en la EF

1/8

BCJABH@\K IBDHK - DOZ\^BFIbtjrfbcjs1 Hb`b Jspbnfk1 ¹ pfstb pkcf`jpkrtfvbH± `j pbrtfnfpbhtjs1 Cb ncbsj jh pbrjabs @urbnfþh1 : ifhutksNkhtjxtk ofstþrfnk1(Bcjabh`rk FFF `j Ibnj`khfb5 ]jccb, Ibnj`khfb, >:7 b.N. - Lblfckhfb, > b.N.)Guj rjy `j Ibnj`khfb nuybs nkhqufstbs yjxtrbkr`fhbrfbs `ktjs ifcftbrjs cj pjriftfjrkh gkrabr, jh ijhks `j `fjz bòks, uh fipjrfk quj sj jxtjh`éb `js`j Drjnfb yJdfptk obstb cb Fh`fb, fhfnfâh`ksj bsé jc ccbib`k pjrfk`k ojcjhéstfnk (sfdcks FW-F b.N.) `j cb Bhtfdój`b`.

Bcjabh`rk rjnkrrfþ vfntkrfksk jc Bsfb Ijhkr, ^frfb, Gjhfnfb, Jdfptk y Ijskpktbifb, obstb tkibr cbs nbpftbcjs pjrsbs `j ^usb(>>2) y ]jrsæpkcfs (>>=). Bsjsfhb`k @brék FFF, jc ñctfik jipjrb`kr Bqujiæhf`b, pkr uhk `j sus sâtrbpbs (Ljssks) pbrbjvftbr quj sj rfh`fjrb, æstj nkhtfhuþ cb rjsfstjhnfb nkhtrb Bcjabh`rk jh jc Frâh krfjhtbc.

Zhb vjz nkhqufstb`b cb nbpftbc `j cks pjrsbs, Bcjabh`rk cfnjhnfþ b cbs trkpbs drfjdbs quj cj oblébh bnkipbòb`k `urbhtj cbnbipbòb y sj ofzk prkncbibr jipjrb`kr knupbh`k jc pujstk `j cks Bqujiæhf`bs. Jhsjduf`b cbhzþ hujvbs nbipbòbs `jnkhqufstb obnfb jc jstj. @ujòk `jc Bsfb njhtrbc y `jc bntubc Bgdbhfstâh, sj cbhzþ b nkhqufstbr cb Fh`fb (>


2/8

B cb nbzbIbtjrfbcjs1 Lbcþh, nkhks, pjtks Jspbnfk1 pbljccþhH± `j pbrtfnfpbhtjs1 tk`b cb ncbsj @urbnfþh1 4 ifhutksNkhtjxtk ofstþrfnk1Gjcfpj FF rjfhþ jh Jspbòb ̀ js`j 2::7 obstb su gbccjnfifjhtk.

Jh 2:7= Gjcfpj FF trbscb`þ cb nbpftbcf`b` `j Jspbòb `j Pkcj`k b Ib`rf`. @js`j jhtkhnjs, y sbcvk jc lrjvj pjrék`kjh quj Wbccb`kcf` (27=2-27=7) guj nbpftbc nkh jc rjfhb`k ̀ j Gjcfpj FFF, Ib`rf` ob sf`k cb nbpftbc ̀ j Jspbòb.

Gjcfpj FF gfaþ su rjsf`jhnfb jh jc bhtfduk Bcnâzbr, `kh`j oky jstâ jc bntubc ]bcbnfk ̀ j Krfjhtj.Jrb uh rjy iuy bgfnfkhb`k y bpbsfkhb`k pkr cks cflrks y sfjiprj quj sus `fpckiâtfnks k vfbajrks flbh bbcdñh sftfk, tjhébh quj trbjrcj tk`ks cks cflrks nurfksks y `j vbckr quj jhnkhtrbsjh jh nubcqufjr pbrtj `jciuh`k, ck quj cj ccjvþ b fipucsbr huijrksbs bntfvf`b`js nucturbcjs y nfjhtégfnbs.

Zhb `j sus ibykrjs bgfnfkhjs jrb cb nbzb. Zhb vjz nuipcf`bs nkh sus klcfdbnfkhjs nkik rjy, bnu`éb trjsk nubtrk vjnjs pkr sjibhb jh nbrrkzb bc nbipk, `kh`j nbzblb nkh lbccjstb nkhjaks, nfjrvks y ablbcéjs.

@jsnrfpnfþh ̀ jc aujdk1 ^j `jcfiftbrâ uh jspbnfk, jh guhnfþh `jc hñijrk `j pbrtfnfpbhtjs (bprkxfib`bijhtj nkik uh nbipk `jvþcjy k lbsejt)Oblrâ uhb pjrskhb quj sjrâ jc ablbcé, cfjlrj, nfjrvk… quj tjh`râ quj jvftbr sjr –nbzb`k’Jc rjstk ̀ j pbrtfnfpbhtjs ̀ jljrâh pbsbrsj cb pjcktb jhtrj sé pbrb tknbr nkh cb pjcktb b cb pjrskhb b nbzbr.]uj`jh pbsbrsj cb pjcktb nkh tkqujs ̀ j pbcib, pfj, rk`fccb, nbljzb…Hkribs/rjdcbs1

• Hk sj puj`j nkdjr/rjtjhjr cb pjcktb nkh cbs ibhks• Hk puj`j obljr `jspcbzbifjhtk jh pksjsfþh `j cb pjcktb• ^f pbsbh >= sjduh`ks sfh sjr nbzb`k/b, cb pjrskhb suib uh puhtk y sj cfljrb, pbsbh`k ktrb b su rkc.

Wbrfbhtjs1• Ik`fgfnbr jspbnfk • Wbrfbs pjrskhbs b cb vjz `jljh sjr nbzb`bs

@fluak jxpcfnbtfvk1


3/8

@jrrflb b cb grbdbtb Ibtjrfbcjs1 Lbcþh, nkhks, nkcnokhjtbs pjcktbs ̀ jtjhfs.

Jspbnfk1 ]bljccþh/pfstb ̀ jpkrtfvb

H± `j pbrtfnfpbhtjs1 tk`b cb ncbsj @urbnfþh1 : ifh k hñijrk ̀ j bhktbnfkhjsNkhtjxtk ofstþrfnk1Jc drbh prklcjib `j Gjcfpj FF guj Fhdcbtjrrb, yb qujFsbljc F cj `jrrflblb cks lbrnks quj cj vjhébh `jBiærfnb (byu`bh`k b cks pfrbtbs) y byu`blb b cks rjljc`js okcbh`jsjs.Cb sftubnfþh jnkhþifnb sj ofzk fhskstjhflcj `jlf`kb jstks sblktjks. Gjcfpj FF hk bdubhtþ iâs y tuvkquj nkhspfrbr nkhtrb Fsbljc F, klcfdâh`kcb b`jncbrbrcj cb dujrrb blfjrtb pkr jcck.Jstb dujrrb `jstruyþ jnkhþifnbijhtj b bilkspbésjs y sus lbtbccbs iâs skhb`bs gujrkh cb `j

Brib`b Fhvjhnflcj (dbhbh`k Fhdcbtjrrb) y cb Nkhtrb-Brib`b (vfntkrfb ̀ j Jspbòb).Jh jstj aujdk rjnrjbrjiks uhb `j jstbs lbtbccbs jh jc ibr jh cb quj cks lbrnks `j uh pbés fhtjhtblbh`jrrflbr cks ̀ jc ktrk pbés pbrb nkhsjdufr cb vfntkrfb

@jsnrfpnfþh ̀ jc aujdk1 Jstj aujdk js uhb ik`fgfnbnfþh jc lbcþh prfsfkhjrk. Cb ncbsj sj `fvf`j jh `ks jqufpks, y, nb`b jqufpk,sj sul`fvf`frâ jh drupks `j 0-: pbrtfnfpbhtjs, quj tjh`râh uhb nkcnokhjtb, uh nkhk y uhb pfnb (qujsjrâh su grbdbtb) y uhb pjcktb pkr fhtjdrbhtj (quj sjrâh cbs lbcbs `j sus nbòkhjs).Nb`b jqufpk knupbrâ uhb iftb` `j nbipk (`j vþcjy k lbckhnjstk, jh guhnfþh `j cks pbrtfnfpbhtjs) ycks drupks sj ulfnbrâh jh guhnfþh `j cb jstrbtjdfb quj `jnf`bh.Jc klajtfvk `j nb`b drupk y jqufpk js jc sfdufjhtj1 `jrrflbr cb pfnb `j cb grbdbtb y/k ibtbr b tk`b sutrfpucbnfþh. Cks trfpucbhtjs `j cb grbdbtb puj`jh sbcfr `j cb ifsib b nkdjr pjcktbs/lbcb `j cb pfstb,pjrk, jh jsb nfrnuhstbhnfb, puj`jh sjr ibtb`ks pkr cks rfvbcjs.Hkribs/rjdcbs1• Hk sj puj`j suajtbr cb pfnb • Cbs grbdbtbs puj`jh `jspcbzbrsj b ck cbrdk `jc nbipk, sfjiprj quj tk`ks cks trfpucbhtjs tjhdbh bc

ijhks uh pfj sklrj cb ifsib jh tk`k ikijhtk. @fluak jxpcfnbtfvk1


4/8

Cb hknoj trfstjIbtjrfbcjs1 lbcþh `j dkib jspuib Jspbnfk1 2/> pbljccþh H± `j pbrtfnfpbhtjs1 === bcfb`ks Pcbxnbctjnbs gujrkh bsjhtb`ks jh jc drbh`fksk pbcbnfk `jBxbyânbtc.B nkhtfhubnfþh `j ck sunj`f`k, cbs fiâdjhjs `j cks `fksjs bztjnbs gujrkh `jrrflb`bs y sustftuf`bs pkr fiâdjhjsnrfstfbhbs y sj jcfifhþ jc sbnrfgfnfk ouibhk. B cks jspbòkcjs sj cjs `fjrkh drbh`js nbhtf`b`js `j prjsjhtjs ytbilfæh jc pjhbnok `j Ikntjzuib. Ikntjzuib FF nkhsfhtfþ sjr lbutfzb`k y `jncbrb`k sñl`ftk `j Jspbòb,`kh`j tk`bvéb vfvjh sus `jsnjh`fjhtjs, cks nkh`js ̀ j Ifrbvbccj.Cb tjhsfþh `jc pujlck bhtj cb kprjsfþh jspbòkcb vb buijhtbh`k nkh jc tfjipk, obstb quj jh Auhfk `j 2:= `j Auhfk `j 2:


5/8

HB]KCJÞH - Bsj`fkIbtjrfbcjs1 Hb`b Jspbnfk1 NubcqufjrbH± `j pbrtfnfpbhtjs1 Pk`b cb ncbsj (drupks`j 2


6/8

HB]KCJÞH „ Cks gusfcbifjhtks `jc > `j IbykIbtjrfbcjs1 ]jcktbs lcbh`bs Jspbnfk1 nbipk `j vkcjyH± `j pbrtfnfpbhtjs1 tk`b cb ncbsj @urbnfþh1 2: ifhutksNkhtjxtk ofstþrfnk1Jc cjvbhtbifjhtk `jc @ks `j Ibyk, sunj`f`k jh 2?=?, js jc hkilrj pkr jc quj sj nkhknjh cks ojnoks bnkhtjnf`ksjh bqujc bòk jh Ib`rf` (Jspbòb), prk`unf`ks pkr cb prktjstb pkpucbr bhtj cb sftubnfþh `j fhnjrtf`uilrj pkcétfnb`jrfvb`b trbs jc Iktéh `j Brbhaujz. ]kstjrfkrijhtj b quj sj rjprfifjrb cb prktjstb pkr cbs gujrzbs hbpkcjþhfnbsprjsjhtjs jh cb nfu`b`, pkr tk`k jc pbés sj jxtjh`fþ uhb kcb `j prkncbibs `j fh`fdhbnfþh y ccbibifjhtks pñlcfnks bcb fhsurrjnnfþh brib`b quj `jsjilknbrébh jh cb Dujrrb `j Fh`jpjh`jhnfb Jspbòkcb. @jsnrfpnfþh `jc aujdk1 Gkribiks `ks jqufpks5 uh jqufpk (jspbòkcjs) sj nkcknbrâh jh uh –nbipk `j gusfcbifjhtk’ gcbhqujb`k pkr `ksnbipks `j tfrk, quj jstbrâh knupb`ks pkr jc ktrk jqufpk (grbhnjsjs)Jh jc ijhkr tfjipk pksflcj, cks grbhnjsjs tfjhjh quj cbhzbr, nkh lbckhjs, b cks jspbòkcjs y jstks tfjhjh qujjsqufvbrcks pbrb hk sjr jcfifhb`ks. Nubh`k tk`ks cks jspbòkcjs jstæh jcfifhb`ks sj nbilfbrâh cks rkcjs.

Hkribs/rjdcbs1]brb quj uh audb`kr sjb jcfifhb`k, cb pjcktb hk puj`j obljr rjlktb`k hf jh jc sujck hf jh cb pbrj` nkh

bhtjrfkrf`b`.^f uh jspbòkc nkdj cb pjcktb bc vujck puj`j sbcvbr b uhk `j sus nkipbòjrks yb jcfifhb`ks, quj sj ulfnbrâh jh gfcbpkr kr`jh `j jspjrb pbrb fhnkrpkrbrsj nubh`k prknj`b. @fluak jxpcfnbtfvk1


7/8

]KHPFBN „ CB LBPBCCB @J CK^ KPPBTBIbtjrfbcjs1 @ks pjtks k nkhks Jspbnfk1 uhb pfstb pkcf`jpkrtfvbH± `j pbrtfnfpbhtjs1 Pk`b cb ncbsj @urbnfþh1 2= ifhutksNkhtjxtk ofstþrfnk1Jc ajgj ]khtfbn ( »; - Nbokefb, Fccfhkfs, 2476 ) guj uh cé`jr bijrfh`fk quj jhnbljzþ uhb bcfbhzb `j vbrfbsjthfbs nkhtrb cb nkckhfb fhdcjsb jh jc hkr`jstj `j cks Jstb`ks Zhf`ks jhtrj cks bòks 247> b 2477.Jh cks bòks 247=-247> uh bijrfh`fk `jcbwbrj `j hkilrj Hjkcfh guj prkncbib`k nkik prkgjtb jh Kofk, yjxtjh`fþ uh ijhsbaj jh nkhtrb `j cbs nkckhfbs jurkpjbs jh jc quj prkpkhéb su jxpucsfþh `jc tjrrftkrfkpbrb pk`jr bsé vkcvjr b cb bhtfdub gkrib `j vf`b `j cks bhnjstrks5 b`jiâs, prkpusk ̀ jsjnobr bribs,nkijrnfk k nubcqufjr tfpk `j rjcbnfþh nkh cks jxtrbòks. Jstb ̀ kntrfhb fhgcujhnfþ `j ibhjrb `jnfsfvb bc cé`jrkttbwb ]khtfbn.Jh jsj tfjipk jstblb jh nursk cb Dujrrb `j cks ^fjtj Bòks, y jh nfjrtb knbsfþh cks fhdcjsjs rjncbiblbh cbrjh`fnfþh `j cks gujrtjs grbhnjsjs. ]khtfbn - cé`jr ̀ j cbs trflus pktbwbtkhf, ourkh, y kttbwb, qujibhtjhébh rjcbnfkhjs nkijrnfbcjs nkh cks grbhnjsjs - nj`fþ jc gujrtj @jtrkft, pjrk jc ajgj dujrrjrk ck ofzk bnbilfk ̀ j ibhtjhjr cbs prântfnbs nkijrnfbcjs y `j sjr blbstjnf`ks `j iuhfnfkhjs.^fh jilbrdk, nkh jc tfjipk cbs rjcbnfkhjs sj `jtjrfkrbrkh, pujs cb nkstuilrj quj tjhébh nkh cks grbhnjsjs`j fhtjrnbilfk `j rkpb, nkif`b, y pþcvkrb gujrkh prkoflf`bs, prkvknbh`k uhb bcfbhzb ̀ j vbrfbs jthfbspbrb cb cunob.

Jh jstj aujdk sj rjnrjbrb cb lbtbccb `j ]khtfbn cb nubc sj ccjvþ b nblk jhtrj cks fhdcjsjs y cb trflu `j cksKttbwb. Ruj grjhþ jc bvbhnj fhdcæs.

@jsnrfpnfþh `jc aujdk1 Jh uh cb`k sj pkhjh cks fhdcjsjs y jh jc ktrk cb`k sj tfjhjh quj pkhjr cks Kttbwb (nb`b uhk jh uhb lbsj),cks fhdcjsjs tfjhjh quj jvftbr quj cj rkljh cb lbh`jrb y b cb vjz fhtjhtbr rklbr cb `j cks Kttbwb.Ifjhtrbs jstbs fhtjhtbh`k rklbrcb sf tj tknbh tj quj`bs pbrb`k nkik sf jstuvfjrbs iujrtk, obstb quj uhnkipbòjrk vjhdb y tj rjvfvb (tj tknb y vujcvjs bc aujdk). ^f sj btrbpb cb lbh`jrb ̀ j cks fhdcjsjs jsbpjrskhb sj nkhvfjrtj jh ]khtfbn y tk`ks cks ̀ j su drupk tfjhjh quj fhtjhtbr prktjdjrcj pbrb quj hk sjbjcfifhb`k y quj ccjduj b su zkhb, sf ]khtfbn iujrj, cks fhdcjsjs dbhbh jc aujdk, sf cks fhdcjsjs btrbpbh cblbh`jrb dbhbh jc aujdk.

@fluak jxpcfnbtfvk1


8/8

^OBEB QZCZ „ ILZLJ ILZLJ

Ibtjrfbcjs1 Hb`b Jspbnfk1 nubcqufjrbH± `j pbrtfnfpbhtjs1 2

ejemplo - conquistadores en la ef

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