Download - Xantinas metilxantinas
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Dr. José Luis Flores MerejoSanto Domingo, Rep. Dom.
Enero 2014
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SON ALCALOIDES QUE PROCEDEN DE PLANTAS DE
AMPLIA DISTRIBUCION GEOGRAFICA.
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LAS PRINCIPALES XANTINAS SON:
TEOFILINA
TEOBROMINA
CAFEINA
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FUENTES:
CHOCOLATE
CAFÉ
COMPUESTOS DE COLA
GUARANA
YOCO
MATE
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LA CAFEINA ORIGINARIA DE ETIOPIA
SE ATRIBUYE SU DESCUBRIMIENTO A
UN MONJE ARABE
LOS TURCOS LA INTRODUJERON EN
EUROPA OCCIDENTAL A FINALES DE S.
XVII
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EL TE (CARMELIA THEA) ES
ORIGINARIO DEL SUDESTE DE ASIA
ES CONOCIDO EN CHINA DESDE HACE
MAS DE 1500 AÑOS
LLEGO A EUROPA A FINES DEL S XVI.
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EL CACAO (THEOBROMA CACAO)
ORIGINARIO DE AMERICA
IMPORTADO A EUROPA POR LOS
ESPAÑOLES
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SON SUSTANCIAS METILADAS
BAJA SOLUBILIDAD
ABSORCION PARENTERAL Y ORAL
BUENA DISTRIBUCION
ATRAVIESA BARRERAS HEMATOENCEFALICA Y PLACENTARIA
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LA CAFEINA ES MAS LIPOSOLUBLE
CON NIVELES MAS ALTOS A NIVEL DEL
SNC.
METABOLISMO HEPATICO
SEMIVIDA PLASMATICA DE CAFEINA 3-
5H, TEOFILINA 8-9H.
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INHIBICION DE FOSFODIESTERASA
AUMENTO DE NIVELES DE AMPc
ANTAGONISTA DE RECEPTORES DE
ADENOSINA
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SNC:
AUMENTA LA ALERTA, CAPACIDAD
INTELECTUAL Y MOTORA SOSTENIDA,
DISMINUYE LA SENSACION DE FATIGA
MENTAL Y FISICA
ESTIMULAN CENTRO RESPIRATORIO
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CARDIACO:
MEDIADO POR CATECOLAMINAS
AUMENTA FC
EXTRASISTOLES
DISMINUYE LA PRECARGA
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ENDOCRINO:
AUMENTA EL INDICE METABOLICO
BASAL
AUMENTA NIVEL DE ACIDOD GRASOS
LIBRES
AUMENTO DE RENINA PLASMATICA Y
DE INSULINA DEPENDIENTE DE
GLUCOSA
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GASTROINTESTINAL:
ESTIMULA LA SECRECION DE ACIDO
GASTRINA Y PEPSINA
POTENCIACION DE SECRETAGOGOS
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ASMA
EPOC
APNEA DEL RN PRETERMINO
MIGRAÑAS
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DIURETICO
ESTIMULANTE DEL SNC
ESTIMULANTE RESPIRATORIO
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USOS:
APNEA IDIOPATICA EL PREMATURO
INSUFICIENCIA CIRCULATORIA AGUDA
CEFALEAS POR PUNCION RAQUIDEA
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DOSIFICACION:
APNEA DEL PREMATURO:
10-2Omg/kg (ATAQUE)
5mg/kg/dia (MANTENIMIENTO)
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ESTIMULANTE/DIURETICO:
IV
500mg DOSIS UNICA
CEFALEA POST-PUNCION:
500mg IV.
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ANTIASMATICO
BRONCODILATADOR
ESTIMULANTE RESPIRATORIO
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USOS:
ASMA
BRONQUITIS CRONICA
EPOC
APNEA EN RN
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DOSIS:
NEONATO (4mg/kg/dosis)
ASMA:
2-5mg/kg/d
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INSOMNIO
EXCITACIÓN PSICOMOTRIZ
CEFALEAS
DELIRIOS
COVULSIONES
TAQUICARDIA SINUSAL
EXTRASISTOLES VENTRICULARES
HIPERESTESIA
TEMBLORES
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FARMACOLOGIA PARA FISIOTERAPEUTAS.
EDITORIAL PANAMERICANA. ESPAÑA 2008. DURAN
HORTOLA, MARIA TORRES
DROGODEPENDENCIAS. PEDRO LORENZO
FERNANDEZ.
MANUAL DE PRESCRIPCION PEDIATRICA.
TAKETOMO.14ava. EDICION.
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