Download - SistemasInteligentes Clase1 Intro Ala AI
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Sistemas Inteligentes Clase 1: Introducción a la Inteligencia
Artificial
Javitt Higmar Nahitt Padilla Franco, C.Ph.D. Depto. de Ingeniería Eléctrica y Computación
Instituto de Ingeniería y Tecnología Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez
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Why Study AI?
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Sony AIBO
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SciFI AI?
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AI Examples: Cars that drive themselves • 2005: DARPA Grand Challenge
– Race of Autonomous vehicles across California desert
– Vehicles are given a route as a series of GPS waypoints
– But they must intelligently avoid obstacles and stay on the road
– About 130 miles of dirt roads, off-road, normal roads, bridges, tunnels, etc
– Must complete in less then 10 hours
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AI Examples: Cars that drive themselves (contd)
• 2011: Google self-driving cars
• 2012: Stanford's Shelley race car
– http://youtu.be/YxHcJTs2Sxk?hd=1&t=10s
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The Turing Test
http://www.pandorabots.com/botmaster/en/home
Jerry: my name is jerry. ALICE: Hey jerry. Jerry: do you know Turing? ALICE: A brilliant and tragic figure in the history of computer science. Jerry: who else do you know? ALICE: Hugh Loebner, Robby Garner, and Steven Spielberg Jerry: which lm do you like? ALICE: My favorite movie is Teknolust. Have you seen it? Jerry: no. ALICE: I would recommend you check it out. Jerry: what is it about? ALICE: Science fiction. Jerry: do you remember my name? ALICE: Your name is jerry, seeker.
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AI Examples: Chatbots
• Valerie: CMU Robot Receptionist in Newell-Simon hall – http://www.cmu.edu/cmnews/extra/040219_valerie.html
• ALICE: 2004 Loebner Prize winner – http://alice.pandorabots.com/
• ELIZA: psychotherapist – http://nlp-addiction.com/eliza/
• AI tasks: – I shallow natural language processing
– I pattern matching
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The Loebner Prize in Artificial Intelligence
"The First Turing Test"
• http://www.loebner.net/Prizef/loebner-prize.html
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AI Examples: IBM's Watson
• Jeopardy (2011)
• http://youtu.be/YLR1byL0U8M?t=12m3s
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AI Examples: Natural Language - Speech Recognition
• "speak or enter on the keypad your card number“ (tiny vocabulary, high accuracy needed)
• "how can I help you?“ (large vocab, low acc)
• dictation (large vocab, high acc)
• AI concepts: Hidden Markov Models, A* search, . . .
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AI Examples: Natural Language - Machine Translation
• The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak. (2005/6/29)
• IBM statistical machine translation models • US gov major consumer
– Why Vodka? (Russian) – Now?
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AI Examples: Natural Language - Question Answering
• http://www.wolframalpha.com/
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AI Examples: Game Playing - Chess • IBM Deep Blue vs. Kasparov (1996/7) • 1997 match, 6 games: K, DB, draw, draw, draw, DB • IBM stock up $18 billion
• Search: two-player zero-sum discrete nite game with perfect information
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AI Examples: Web - Search
• Ranking is everything – smart people in Google, Yahoo!, Bing, etc.
– e.g. Peter Norvig (Google)
• Google: PageRank (graph theoretic) + lots of secrets
• Entire Search Engine Optimization (SEO) insdustry – promote your website's rand in search engines
– some bad reputations (spam, etc.)
– http://www.google.com/webmasters/seo.html
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AI Examples: Web - News Aggregation • Automatically selects/arranges items from multiple sources • Compared to manual organization (e.g. CNN)
• Unsupervised machine learning: clustering
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AI Examples: Web - Advertising
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AI Examples: Web - Driving Directions
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AI Examples: Web - Information Extraction
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AI Examples: Web - Collaborative Filtering
• Recommender systems: recommendations based on other users' behavior • e.g. Amazon
• e.g. Netfix
• Unsupervised learning
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AI Examples: Robotics - Shoes
• Adjust cushioning by speed, road surface (Adidas 1)
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AI Examples: Robotics - Robocup
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AI Examples: Robotics - Animal-like • Boston Dynamics: LittleDog
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nUQsRPJ1dYw
• Boston Dynamics: BigDog/AlphaDog
http://http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SSbZrQp-HOk
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AI Examples: Robotics - Humanoid
• Asimo (Honda)
• PR2 (Willow Garage) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gy5g33S0Gzo
• Petman (Boston Dynamics) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mclbVTIYG8E
• Actroid (Kokoro) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DF39Ygp53mQ
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AI Examples: Robotics - Hubble Telescope
• Scheduling: who gets to see what when – 30,000 observations per year – Many constraints
• Earth blocks view every 95 minutes • Halts when in South Atlantic Ocean radiation belt • Must avoid bright Sun, Moon, illuminated Earth • Disruption of plan for e.g. supernova
• Search: Constraint satisfaction problem
• M. Johnston and G. Miller 1993 • SPIKE: Intelligent Scheduling of Hubble Space Telescope Observations
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AI Examples: Robotics - Mars Rover
• Autonomous driving on Mars (part time)
• Robot motion planning
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AI Examples: Robotics - Art
• AARON
http://www.kurzweilcyberart.com/
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Are these intelligent?
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Public perception of AI?
• Artificial Intelligence: AI (2001) by Steven Spielberg
• The movie was originally to be titled ―A.I.‖, but after a survey it was revealed that too many people thought it was A1. The title was changed to ―A.I. Artificial Intelligence‖ to prevent people from thinking it was about steak sauce.
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Google bought ESP
• http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~biglou/
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References
• Slides adapted from those used by Prof Jerry Zhu and Bryan R. Gibson at the University of Wisconsin-Madison
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Tarea 2
Elabore un párrafo para cada subtema
• Que entiende por inteligencia?
• Cuales son los principales retos de la Inteligencia Artificial?
• Cuales son las fortalezas de la AI?
• Cual es el tema que mas le atrae de la AI y por que?
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Sistemas Inteligentes Clase 1: Introducción a la Inteligencia
Artificial
Javitt Higmar Nahitt Padilla Franco, C.Ph.D. Depto. de Ingeniería Eléctrica y Computación
Instituto de Ingeniería y Tecnología Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez