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RACE/ETHNICITY AS A SOCIAL DETERMINANT OF THE HEALTH OF WOMEN, CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN
LATIN AMERICA
Sonja Caffe, Ph.D., MPH, M.Sc.Pan American Health Organization
(PAHO/WHO)Título de la presentación
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Faculty/Presenter Disclosure
• Dr. Sonja Caffe has no relevant financial relationships with the manufacturer(s) of commercial services discussed in this CME activity
• The author does not intend to discuss an unapproved/investigative use of a commercial product/device in this presentation
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OVERVIEW
• THE SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH AND PAHO/WHO
• RACE/ETHNICITY AS SOCIAL DETERMINANT OF THE HEALTH OF WOMEN, CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN LATIN AMERICA: what are the pathways and solutions?
• THE NEW GLOBAL AGENDA FOR THE HEALTH OF WOMEN, CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
Título de la presentación
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THE SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH (SDH)
LONGSTANDING RECOGNITION
THAT DISEASE AND HEALTH DO NOT
HAPPEN RANDOMLY AND NOT EXCLUSIVELY
DRIVEN BY BIOLOGICAL FACTORS THE SOCIAL
PRODUCTION OF DISEASE
Ottawa Charter for Health
Promotion, 1986
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THE WHO SDH FRAMEWORK
Título de la presentación
Source: WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health, April 2007
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PAHO/WHO AND THE SDH
• ESTABLISHMENT OF SDH COMMISSION AND PUBLICATION OF LANDMARK REPORT IN 2008
• WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY (WHA) RESOLUTION IN 2009
• WORLD CONFERENCE ON SDH, RIO, 2011• REGIONAL CONFERENCES AND CASE STUDIES • SPECIAL ISSUE OF THE PAHO JOURNAL ON SDH IN 2013• REGIONAL COMMISSION IN 2016 STUDY
Título de la presentación
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ANTENATALCARECOVERAGEAMONGINDIGENOUSANDNON‐INDIGENOUSWOMENIN
SELECTED����COUNTRIES
Antenatal care coverage (%)
Referencia: Castro A, Savage V, Kaufman H. Assessing Equitable Care for Indigenous and Afrodescendant Women in Latin America. Pan Am J Public Health, 2015, based on ECLAC. Guaranteeing Indigenous People’s Rights in Latin America. Santiago, Chile: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, 2014.
33%
25% 20% 9%
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PERCENTAGEADOLESCENTMOTHERSBYAGEGROUP,PLACEOFRESIDENCEANDETHNICGROUPINSELECTED
LACCOUNTRIES
Country and censusyear Age group
Percentage adolescent mothers
Indígenous Non ‐ indígenous
Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total
Brasil, 2010
15‐17 years 10.6 22.9 18.7 6.4 8.6 6.8
18‐19 years 26.8 46.9 39.4 18.2 26.6 19.5
15‐19 years 17.0 31.6 26.4 11.1 15.2 11.8
Ecuador, 2010
15‐17 years 9.0 9.6 9.5 8.3 11.9 9.6
18‐19 years 28.9 34.2 32.9 25.2 34.1 28.1
15‐19 years 17.4 18.5 18.3 15.0 20.3 16.8
Uruguay, 20100
15‐17 years 6.0 4.1 6.0 4.6 4.9 4.6
18‐19 years 20.2 25.8 20.4 16.9 21.9 17.1
15‐19 years 11.6 12.5 11.6 9.3 11.3 9.4
Fuente: Jorge Rodriguez Vignoli. La reproducción en la adolescencia y sus desigualdades en América Latina. Introducción al análisis demográfico, con énfasis en el uso de micro datos censales de la ronda de 2010. CEPAL, 2014.
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PATHWAYS: RACE/ETHNICITY AND HEALTH
• BIOLOGICAL/GENETIC VARIATIONS• MARGINALIZATION/SOCIO‐ECONOMIC STATUS • SOCIAL, CULTURAL, HISTORICAL VARIATIONS• SOCIAL CAPITAL: FORMAL AND INFORMAL NETWORKS
• COMMUNITY LEADERSHIP, OWNERSHIP, PARTICIPATION OR LACK THEREOF
DO WE FULLY UNDERSTAND THE PATHWAYS?
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RESPONSES (1)
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RESPONSES (2)
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WHO OPERATIONAL PLAN (A69/16)
Approved during the World Health Assembly in May 2016, this plan serves as a guide for governments and other
interested stakeholders in the countries , for the adaptation of the Global Strategy in national plans and strategies.
THESDGSANDTHEGLOBALSTRATEGYFORWOMEN’S,CHILDREN’SANDADOLESCENTS’HEALTH
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CONCLUSION
• NEED FOR IMPROVED UNDERSTANDING OF PATHWAYS OF THE SDH
• GROWING REGIONAL RESPONSE DRIVEN BY PERSISTING INEQUITIES, COMMITMENT COUNTRIES AND REGIONAL PARTNERS
• NEW MOMENTUM BASED ON SDG AND GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR WOMEN’S, CHILDREN’S AND ADOLESCENTS’ HEALTH
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