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UNIVERSIDAD CATLICA LOS NGELES DE CHIMBOTE
FACULTAD DE DERECHO Y CIENCIA POLITICA
ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE DERECHO
TITULO
TRABAJO DE INVESTIGACION SOBRE EL POSITIVISMO EL IUSNATURALISMO
Y EL HISTORICISMO
CURSO
SOCIOLOGIA JURIDICA
AUTOR
DAVID ANTONIO TELLO URBINA
PROFESOR:
ANTROP. ALEJANDRO MUINCO CRDOVA MGTR.
PIURA PERU
2016
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DEDICATORIA
A mi madre pr !er "a per!#a $%e me
ap&a & a"ie#'a (#!'a#'eme#'e e# e"
de!arr"" de mi (arrera
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Contenido
INTRODUCCIN..............................................................................................4
IUSNATURALISMO ONTOLGICO)..................................................................6POSITIVISMO:................................................................................................ 6
POSITIVISMO JURDICO:...............................................................................9
POSITIVISMO FILOSFICO:.........................................................................10
HISTORICISMO...............................................................................................10
CLASES DE HISTORICISMO........................................................................11
a) H!"#$%!&!"'$ A("$*#$............................................................................11
() H!"#$%!&!"'$ R+a#!,!"#a.........................................................................11
ACTUALIDAD DEL PENSAMIENTO..............................................................13CONCLUSIONES............................................................................................15
BIBLIOGRAFIA............................................................................................. 17
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INTRODUCCIN
De!de Gre(ia *a!'a #%e!'r! d+a! !e *a# m%"'ip"i(ad "! i#'e#'! pr e#(#'rar e" dere(*
#a'%ra", e! de(ir e" !i!'ema de pri#(ipi! & #rma! !%perire! a" dere(* p!i'i-, & pr e!'a
(a%!a !e *a e#erad "a -"%#'ad de "! *m/re! a a$%e""! dere(*! *%ma#! a "! (%a"e!
de/e# !me'er!e.
La p!i(i0# I%!#a'%ra"i!'a e! %#a (rrie#'e m%& -ariada de ap'i'%de!, de pe#!amie#'! &
(#(ep'!, pr " 'a#' rea"i1ar %#a (#(ep(i0# +#'era & e#era" de 2!'a (rrie#'e e! m%&
(mp"e3a, ra(ia! a !% di-er!idad. Pr e!' e4i!'ier# m%(*! pre(%r!re!, e#'re e""! !e
e#(%e#'ra Car"! Sa#'ia Ni#, (#(ep'%a#d de %#a me3r ma#era 2!'a 'er+a, di-idi2#d"a e#
d! 5O#'"0i(a & De#'"0i(a6, para e4p"i(ar de'a""adame#'e & de!de 0p'i(a! di!'i#'a! %#a
mi!ma ra10# de !er de" Dere(* Na'%ra".
Ca/e de!'a(ar $%e e" I%!#a'%ra"i!m e! re7"e3 de" Dere(* Na'%ra", de/id a $%e !e 7%#da e# "a
#a'%ra"e1a de" *m/re, !e de!arr""a & e-"%(i#a a medida $%e 2" -a e-"%(i#a#d, e3e(%'a#d
%#a !erie de a((i#e! $%e #a(e# de "a (!'%m/re & !e ap"i(a# pr "a #a'%ra"e1a mi!ma, 'rad%(id
a %# (#3%#' de #rma! 3%r+di(a!, $%e 'ie#e# (m 7i# e" Bie# I#di-id%a" & C"e('i-.
Imp"i(a#d de e!'a ma#era *e(*! de rde# Mra" & Te"0i(.
E# e" a!pe(' mra" !e e3e(%'a# a((i#e! $%e e# (a!i#e! 'rae# (m (#!e(%e#(ia %#a !a#(i0#
i#'er#a & !e e4'eriri1a# pr medi de "a #rma 3%r+di(a, de 2!'a ma#era !e ap"i(a e" dere(*
'e#ie#d (m /a!e 7%#dame#'a" $%e e" *m/re e#era %#a !erie de a('i'%de! $%e a ra+1 de e""a!,
!ie#'e "a #e(e!idad de $%e !ea 'mada pr "a ma#! de "a "e& media#'e #rma! (a('i-a!.
L impr'a#'e de" dere(* #a'%ra" e! re(rdar $%e "! *m/re! #! de!arr""am! a 'ra-2! de
%#! -a"re!, "a ma&r+a de e!'! de (ar8('er 2'i( e i#'erir, & $%e e!'8# i#'erad! pr "a mra"$%e e" !er *%ma# # p%de de!"iar!e de e"", e" *m/re # p%ede perder "a e!e#(ia $%e
ad$%iere de "a #a'%ra"e1a & "e da %# (ar8('er !%/3e'i- a" dere(* $%e e! !%mame#'e #e(e!ari,
e! (ier' & !e admi'e $%e !e #e(e!i'a "a a((i0# de %#a! #rma! de dere(* p!i'i-, ema#ada!
pr "a a%'ridad (mpe'e#'e de" E!'ad, per de/e# e!'ar i#!pirada! e# %# dere(* #a'%ra".
E# e" a!pe(' Te"0i(, e! de(ir "a re"ii0#, para "! !ere! *%ma#! "a! (ree#(ia! *a(ia %# !er
!%prem !# /a!e 7%#dame#'a" de #%e!'ra e4i!'e#(ia, %ia#d & ma'eria"i1a#d "a i#'er#a/i"idad
de (ada !er, !e p%ede de(ir $%e !e (rea %#a i#depe#de#(ia re"ii!a, d#de !e ar'i(%"a# "!di7ere#'e! a!pe('! de %#a -ida e!piri'%a". E! 'a#'a "a depe#de#(ia *a(ia e!'e a!pe(' $%e !e *a
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*e(* #rma, e!'a/"e(i2#d!e (m pri#(ipi! 'a# i#m%'a/"e! $%e # p%ede# !er (am/iad! pr
'r !er, %# de "! m8! impr'a#'e e3emp"! !# "! p"a#'eamie#'! $%e (i'a e" Dere(* & a !%
-e1 "a Re"ii0#) N Ma'ar, N rea"i1ar a('! imp%r!, N r/ar, N da9ar a '% pr03im, e'(.
Se p%ede re!a"'ar $%e # impr'a a (%a" re"ii0# per'e#e1(a "a !(iedad, !iempre & (%a#d e4i!'a
3%#' (# "a mra", e4i!'ir8 e" Dere(* (m rde#, 7%#dame#'ad e# #%e!'ra Na'%ra"e1a.
E" P!i'i-i!m apare(e e# %# mme#' *i!'0ri( 57i#a"e! de" Si" :I: & (mie#1! de" ::6,
(%& 'erre# *a/+a !id a/#ad pr i##%mera/"e! (am/i! 'e(#"0i(! (m "! a(#'e(id!
pr "a Re-"%(i0# I#d%!'ria", (i#(idie#d a "a -e1, para !%! !e%idre! (# e" de(aimie#' de"
!e#'id me'a7+!i( & re"ii! de" (#(imie#'.
E" *m/re p!i'i-i!'a, a" # /'e#er "a! re!p%e!'a! e!perada! e# "a re"ii0#, e# !% /;!$%eda &
pereri#a3e perma#e#'e, pr !a/er 2" pr$%e de "a! (!a!, 7i3a !% a'e#(i0# e# "a (ie#(ia, &a $%e
e# !% pare(er "a mi!ma "e /ri#da !e%ridad, (#7ia#1a & (#7r', para 2" "a mra" "e re!'a/a
-a"ide1, /3e'i-idad a "a #rma 3%r+di(a, $%i'8#d"e "a 7rma"idad & de3a#d de !er Dere(*. Ya
# e! e" *m/re, a mer(ed de "a #a'%ra"e1a, m8! /ie# e! %# !er, $%e e#(%e#'ra re!p%e!'a! "0i(a!
a" e!'%diar e# 7rma a#a"+'i(a, "! me(a#i!m! de "! /3e'! $%e !e e#(%e#'ra# e# !% a"rededr.
Y e# e!'e mar(, (# "! (imie#'! a#'e! me#(i#ad!, ermi#a "a !emi""a de" P!i'i-i!m,
d('ri#a $%e Cm'e re!%me /ie#, a 'ra-2! de !% Le& de "! Tre! E!'adi!, mar(a#d a!+ e"
(mie#1 de "a Hi!'ri(idad de" C#(imie#' H%ma#.
A par'ir de e!'e mme#', "a rea"idad !e -a a e#(#'rar "imi'ada pr (rde#ada! de) 'iemp,
e!pa(i & ma!a, p%e!' $%e !" (#!idera "a p!i/i"idad de e!'%diar (ie#'+7i(ame#'e "! *e(*!,
"! 7e#0me#!, e" da' e4perime#'a/"e, " /!er-a/"e, " -eri7i(a/"e para "! p!i'i-i!'a! "rar
e" prre! de "a !(iedad, & e"", !" !e p%ede a"(a#1ar a 'ra-2! de "a (ie#(ia, (#!iderada
de!de (m e4pre!i0# m8! p%ra de "a Ra(i#a"idad. E!'a, !e prp#e a e#'e#der e" m%#d rea",
de7i#ir !%! re"a(i#e!, "e&e! & (ara('er+!'i(a! de "a ma#era m8! /3e'i-a, i#depe#die#'eme#'e de
"a !%/3e'i-idad de "! i#-e!'iadre!, de "! r+e#e! & (#di(i#e! p!i(
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IUSNATURALISMO ONTOLGICO)
Car"! Ni# Re1a " !i%ie#'e) =L! !i!'ema! "a! #rma! 3%r+di(a!, a%# (read! e imp%e!'!
pr e" pder e!'a'a", # pdr8# !er (a"i7i(ad! (m Dere(*, !i # !a'i!7a(e# "! pri#(ipi!
a"%did! e# e" dere(* #a'%ra">. Se (ara('eri1a pr %#a idea $%e !!'ie#e $%e e4i!'e e" dere(*
e# 'a#' (#3%#'! de pri#(ipi! de 3%!'i(ia (# -a"ide1 %#i-er!a" $%e p%ede# !er ded%(id!
ra(i#a"me#'e, a!+ (m 'am/i2#, (#7irma $%e e" dere(* p!i'i- $%e # (%mp"a (# 'a"e!
pri#(ipi! # pdr8 !er (a"i7i(ad (m dere(*.
E!'a 'e!i! (#(i/e a" dere(* #a'%ra" (m "a (ie#(ia de" !er de" dere(*, &a $%e di(* dere(*
#a'%ra" e! " 3%r+di( pr a#'#ma!ia, p!'erirme#'e, e!'a (rrie#'e #iea e" (ar8('er de
3%r+di( a 'd !i!'ema #rma de dere(* $%e # (%mp"a (# "! pri#(ipi! de 3%!'i(ia(#'e#id! e# e" dere(* #a'%ra"? e! ("ar $%e para e!'e 'ip de I%!#a'%ra"i!m "a re"a(i0# e#'re
dere(* & mra" e! de (ar8('er # !" #e(e!aria !i# $%e (#di(i#a "a #a'%ra"e1a 3%r+di(a de
"a! (!a!.
E! de(ir, $%e e!'e !i!'ema e! a$%e" $%e !!'ie#e $%e "a! #rma! de dere(* p!i'i- de/e 'e#er
!%! /a!e! & 7%#dame#'! e# e" dere(* #a'%ra", de # !er a!+, e#'#(e! # !er8# (a'a"ada!
Dere(*.
I%!#a'%ra"i!m De#'"0i()
Car"! Ni# Re1a " !i%ie#'e) = Ha& pri#(ipi! $%e de'ermi#a# "a 3%!'i(ia de "a! i#!'i'%(i#e!!(ia"e! & e!'a/"e(e# par8me'r! de -ir'%d per!#a" $%e !# %#i-er!a"me#'e -8"id!, a!e$%i/"e!
a "a ra10# *%ma#a, (%&a -a"ide1 # depe#de de" re(#(imie#' e7e('i- de (ier'! 0ra#!
i#di-id%!>
E!'a (rrie#'e # #iea e" (ar8('er 3%r+di( de" dere(* p!i'i- pr ma! $%e !ea (#'rari
-i"a'ri de "! (ri'eri! pri#(ipi! de" dere(* #a'%ra". S" !e "imi'ara a de(ir de 'a" (%a"
!i!'ema 3%r+di( $%e e! i#3%!' i#-a"id mra"me#'e, a%#$%e "e re(#(e p"e#a e#'idad (m
dere(*. E# e!'a e! ide#'i7i(a/"e %#a re"a(i0# #e(e!aria de " 3%r+di( (# " mra", per %#a
re"a(i0# (%& (ar8('er #e(e!ari # de'ermi#a "a -a"ide1 7rma", "a (#di(i0# 3%r+di(a de %#a#rma !i# $%e (#di(i#a !% -a"ide1 ma'eria", e! de(ir, !% /"ia'riedad.
Si!'ema $%e de7ie#de "a pree4i!'e#(ia de" dere(* #a'%ra", & $%e "a! #rma! de/e# !er re7"e3 de
e!'e, per e# (a! de $%e "a #rma # !ea 7ie" re7"e3 de" dere(* #a'%ra", !i !er8 (#!iderad
dere(*, e!'e pri#(ipi # ""ea a" e4'rem de" O#'"0i(
POSITIVISMO:
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E#'e#did (m %#a d('ri#a 7i"!07i(a $%e 7%#da "a -erdad !"ame#'e e# m2'd e4perime#'a"
de "a! (ie#(ia! ""amada! p!i'i-a! & $%e re(*a1a #iea (%a"$%ier i#'erpre'a(i0# 'e"0i(a,
me'a7+!i(a, "! '2rmi#! %#i-er!a"e! & a/!"%'! $%e e!'2# 7%#dad! e# "a #a'%ra"e1a, a!+ (m
'd pri#(ipi de -ida $%e rie#'e a e!'a e-"%(i0# p%e!' $%e di(*a! (!a! # p%ede# !er
(mpr/a/"e! e4perime#'a"me#'e, !" 'ma e# (%e#'a "! *e(*! $%e 'e#a# -a"ide1 e# e"
'erre# de" (#(imie#', "! /3e'! $%e !ea# per(ep'i/"e! a" #i-e" de "! !e#'id!,
(mpr/a/"e! & red%(i/"e! a "e&e!.
Ca%a+%+" -+.+%a+"/
E!! pri#(ipi! 7%#dame#'a"e! p%ede# !i#'e'i1ar!e de "a !i%ie#'e ma#era)
a6 E" re(*a1 de "a me'a7+!i(a & de 'da prp!i(i0# # -i#(%"ada (# *e(*! (#!'a'ad!.
/6 E" re(*a1 de "! 3%i(i! de -a"r, e# (%a#' # !e ap&a# e# (er'e1a! & e# "e&e! (ie#'+7i(a!.
(6 E" empiri!m, ;#i( medi de ""e-ar a (a/ /!er-a(i#e! !i!'em8'i(a! & (ier'a!, para ded%(ir
(#("%!i#e! -8"ida!.
d6 E" 7e#me#a"i!m, $%e !0" a(ep'a "a e4perie#(ia /'e#ida pr "a /!er-a(i0# de "!
7e#0me#!.
Cm !e -e e" p!i'i-i!m e!, !/re 'd, %#a a('i'%d 7re#'e a" pr/"ema de" (#(imie#' & "a
e4pre!i0# m8! ("ara de" e!p+ri'% (ie#'i7i(i!'a de" !i" :I:.
La rea"idad emp+ri(a !e (#-ier'e e# " -erdader & e# e" ;#i( /3e' de" (#(imie#'? " (%a"
!%p#e %#a re#%#(ia a (%a"$%ier p"a#'e prp%e!'a -a"ra'i-a. Se 'ra'a de e4p"i(ar, (# "a
ap"i(a(i0# de" m2'd (ie#'+7i(, "a ''a"idad de "! 7e#0me#!, !ea# de rde# #a'%ra"
e!piri'%a". A$%e"" $%e # p%eda !me'er!e a "a! premi!a! & (#di(i#e! de e!'a (#(ep(i0# de
"a (ie#(ia (are(e a/!"%'ame#'e de -a"r. Td " $%e !e e#(%e#'re m8! a""8 de " reid pr "a
re"a(i0# (a%!a
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#a'%ra"e1a !e (mpr'a !iempre a!+. E" e!(ep'i(i!m de H%me # p#e e# e#'re di(* "a (ie#(ia,
per "e p#e %# /a!ame#' (apri(*!) "a (!'%m/re, e" *8/i', "a a!(ia(i0# de idea!, "!
7e#0me#! #a'%ra"e!, p!i("0i(!? pr-(a# e# 2" "a (ree#(ia e# e" m%#d e4'erir.
Imma#%e" a#' 5@F
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me'a de" de!arr"" de "a *i!'ria & de "a! (ie#(ia!, de i%a" md "a (mpre#!i0# de "a! (!a!
media#'e "e&e! 5!%!'i'%'i-a! de "a! (a%!a! de "a! di-i#idade!6 e! "a me'a 7i#a" de "a me#'e
*%ma#a. Para ""ear a e!'e e!'ad p!i'i- de "a me#'e e! #e(e!aria %#a rera#i1a(i0# de"
(#3%#' de "a! (ie#(ia!, %#a ("a!i7i(a(i0# de" !a/er *%ma#, (# mira! a %#a !+#'e!i! 7i#a"
p!i'i-a) "a !+#'e!i! "a 'ra "a !(i"+a, 7+!i(a !(ia", $%e # !0" e! "a ;"'ima de "a!
(ie#(ia! &, pr " mi!m !% (%"mi#a(i0# 5!e;# e" rde# de ma'em8'i(a!, a!'r#m+a, 7+!i(a,
$%+mi(a, /i"+a & 7+!i(a !(ia"6, !i# 'am/i2# "a a%'2#'i(a i#'erpre'a(i0# & "a mad%re1 de "a!
(ie#(ia!, !% 7i"!7+a p!i'i-a, "a (ie#(ia de "a! (ie#(ia!. M8! ade"a#'e, e# Di!(%r! !/re e"
(#3%#' de" p!i'i-i!m & e# Si!'ema de p"+'i(a p!i'i-a, !%/rdi#ar8 "a (ie#(ia a "a mra", "a
i#'e"ie#(ia a "a !impa'+a amr.
P!i'i-i!m !e;# Ha#! e"!e#.
Se;# Ha#! e"!e#, (#!iderad (m %#a de "! pre(%r!re! de" p!i'i-i!m, "a (ie#(ia de"
dere(* e! p%ra 'er+a #rma'i-a, i#depe#die#'e de 'd *e(* & de 'da "e& p!i'i-a. E!'a
d('ri#a *a !id 'am/i2# ""amada #rma'i-i!m 3%r+di( pr$%e e!'a/"e(e (m 7%#dame#'a" &
pre-ia a "a e4perie#(ia 3%r+di(a "a re"a de (#d%('a "a !i!'em8'i(a de "a! re"a! de (#d%('a
$%e (#!'i'%&e# e" prpi rde#amie#' 3%r+di(
La /ra Ter+a P%ra de" Dere(*, ""e-a a !%! e4'rema! (#!e(%e#(ia! ra(i#a"e! "a 'e!i! de $%e
# e4i!'e 'r dere(* $%e e" $%e ema#a de "a a%'ridad e!'a'a", %# de "! pri#(ipa"e! 7i#e! de
e!'e a%'r e! e"imi#ar de" dere(* 'd! "! e"eme#'! $%e "e !# e4'ra9!, a" re7erir#! a e!'!
!e de/e *a(er 2#7a!i! e# e" a!pe(' mra", 'e"0i(, e#'re 'r! a!pe('! $%e 7rme# par'e de"
Dere(* Na'%ra", p%e! e" a"%de $%e "e re!'a -a"ide1 a "a #rma 3%r+di(a. Y # e! $%e #ie%e "a
impr'a#(ia de "a mra", !i# $%e !imp"eme#'e "a (#!idera irre"e-a#'e a" 'rar -a"ide1 a"
a!pe(' 3%r+di(.
Se;# Ed%ard N-a M#rrea", e!'a/"e(e) N e! pr (ri'i(ar #i 3%!'i7i(ar a e"!e#, per e" !e
"imi'a a pre%#'ar!e a (m e! & (m !e 7rma e" dere(*, !i# i#'ere!ar!e e# (m de/er+a !er
(m de/er+a 7rmar!e
E! 'a#' e" 2#7a!i! $%e ap"i(a e"!e# a" p!i'i-i!m, $%e e# !% /ra Ter+a P%ra de" Dere(*,(a"i7i(a (m %# *e(* C#'radi('ri "a d('ri#a de" dere(* #a'%ra", (i'a#d " !i%ie#'e)
Se;# "a d('ri#a de" dere(* #a'%ra" e4i!'e, pr e#(ima de" dere(* p!i'i-< imper7e(' &
(read pr "! *m/re!, %# dere(* #a'%ra", per7e(', a/!"%'ame#'e 3%!', e!'a/"e(id pr %#a
a%'ridad !/re*%ma#a
E" a%'r #iea $%e (rre!p#da a" dere(* dar "a !"%(i0# 3%!'a a "! (#7"i('!, p%e! "a
3%!'i(ia e! %#a idea de mra" $%e e!'a ma! a""8 de 'da e4perie#(ia & !% (#'e#id -aria a"
i#7i#i'? e! de(ir %#a (!a e! "a -a"ide1 de" dere(* & 'ra m%& di!'i#'a !% 3%!'i(ia i#3%!'i(ia
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A(e#';a $%e " $%e e! /%e# 3%!' !e;# %#a mra", !ea /%e# 3%!' e# 'da! "a!
(ir(%#!'a#(ia!, & " $%e !ea ma" !e;# e!'e rde# mra", !ea ma" e# 'da! "a! (ir(%#!'a#(ia!.
E!'a !er8 "a ;#i(a 7rma de $%e 2" a(ep'e "a mra".
POSITIVISMO JURDICO:
E" p!i'i-i!m 3%r+di( !e (#(e (m %#a d('ri#a #eadra de 'd /3e'i-i!m 3%r+di( &
$%e a7irma $%e # e4i!'e 'r dere(* $%e e" p!i'i-, !e *a ma#i7e!'ad e# di-er!! mme#'!
*i!'0ri(! 5e!(ep'i(i!m Grie6 per !e e#era"i1a e# e" !i" ::.
Se;# Ed%ard N-a) E" dere(* #a'%ra" (#'rap#e a "a "ei!"a(i0# p!i'i-a #rma!,
pri#(ipi! re"a! 3%r+di(a! !%perire! a e""a & $%e pa!ara# a !er (#di(i#e! de !% -a"ide1, e"
p!i'i-i!m 3%r+di( !e -%e"(a e#'erame#'e a " e4'er# p%e!', &a $%e # re(#(e a 'r
dere(* $%e e" imp%e!' pr e" "ei!"adr *%ma#.
Tam/i2# e! (#(ida (m 7rma"i!m 3%r+di(, de/id a $%e !% e!'%di, e# "a per!pe('i-a de"
dere(*, e! ;#i(ame#'e "! 'e4'! per(ep'i-! di('ad! pr e" "ei!"adr.
E# " 3%r+di(, e" p!i'i-i!m rea((i#a (#'ra " $%e de me'a7+!i( p%eda *a/er e" dere(*, e"
dere(* #a'%ra", e#'e#did pr 'a" (#(ep(i0# $%e a7irme "a e4i!'e#(ia de %# rde# me'a
emp+ri( de -a"re! 3%r+di(!. L a ;#i(a rea"idad 3%r+di(a e! "a $%e pdem! (#(er de 7rma
i#media'a, emp+ri(a, e!' e!, e" dere(* p!i'i- (#'e#id e# "a! "e&e! di('ada! pr e" e!'ad.
La 7i"!7+a de" dere(* *a de e!'%diar e!a #rma'i-a p!i'i-a, &a $%e a"e3ar!e de e!e dere(*
p!i'i- !i#i7i(ar+a %#a p!'%ra me'a7+!i(a.
La! ma#i7e!'a(i#e! de" p!i'i-i!m 3%r+di( 7%er# m%& #%mer!a! & -ariada! e# e" :I: &, e#e#era", pr(ede# de 3%ri!'a! & # de 7i"0!7! de" dere(*, p%e! "a (ie#(ia 3%r+di(a a!pira/a a
!%p"a#'ar "a 7i"!7+a de" dere(*.
POSITIVISMO FILOSFICO:
E" p!i'i-i!m (#!idera 'area de "a 7i"!7+a *a""ar & de!(ri/ir "! pri#(ipi! e#era"e! (m%#e!
a 'da! "a! (ie#(ia! & %!ar 'a"e! pri#(ipi! (m %+a de "a (#d%('a *%ma#a & (m /a!e de "a
ra#i1a(i0# !(ia". Tre! !# "a! ra#de! 7rma! de p!i'i-i!m) e" p!i'i-i!m !(ia" 5de A.
Cm'e & de J. S'%ar' Mi""6, de (ar8('er pr8('i(
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HISTORICISMO
E!'e #m/re 7%e dad pr . er#er e# @@ a "a 7i"!7+a de "a *i!'ria deVi(,e!' (i#(ide#e# !%/ra&ar e" pape" de(i!i- de!empe9ad pr e" (ar8('er*i!'0ri( "a ""amada *i!'ri(idad
de" *m/re& e# (a!i#e! de "a #a'%ra"e1a.
E" *i!'ri(i!m imp"i(a, pr 'a#', %#a (mpre#!i0# de" *m/re e# "a *i!'ria & pr "a *i!'ria, &
'da "a -ida *%ma#a, (# !%! ide"+a!, !%! i#!'i'%(i#e! &e!'r%('%ra!, *a/r+a de (mpre#der!e
e# 7%#(i0# de "a *i!'ria & !e;# %#a per!pe('i-a *i!'0ri(a.
E" *i!'ri(i!m e!'8 m%& re"a(i#ad (# e" a!pe(' a#'rp"0i(, $%e ad!(ri/e "a *i!'ri(idad
a" *m/re & !%! prd%((i#e! /a3 "a i#7"%e#(ia de "a!(ie#(ia!de" e!p+ri'%, a" i%a" $%e (# e"
a!pe(' (!m"0i( $%e, /a3 "a i#7"%e#(ia de" e-"%(i#i!m e4'ie#de "a (a'er+a de "*i!'0ri( a" m%#d e#'er. L mi!m (a/e dar!e e# %#a re"a(i0# de" *i!'ri(i!m (# "
#!e"0i(, #'"0i( & re"ii! (m (# m%(*a! e!7era! de "a 'e"+a a('%a".
CLASES DE HISTORICISMO
a) H!"#$%!&!"'$ A("$*#$
La idea !e de!arr""a & de'ermi#a a 'ra-2! de "a *i!'ria $%e e! m8! $%e ma#i7e!'a(i#e!
pa!a3era! i#'erada! e# e" i#7i#i' de-e#ir %#i-er!a". Tda "a rea"idad e! *i!'0ri(a, & e#
e!pe(ia" e" *m/re$%e e! %# !er e!e#(ia"me#'e *i!'0ri(, &a pr !% m-i"idad & 'empra"idad,
&a pr$%e e! e" ;#i( !er $%e ""ea a "a (#(ie#(ia de" de-e#ir dia"2('i( de "a idea.
De e!'a ma#era "a *i!'ria !er+a e" de!arr"" de "a *%ma#idad, e! de(ir, e!p+ri'% /3e'i-,
e!p+ri'% de" m%#d i#'erad (m par'e e# e" de!e#-"-imie#' e#era" de "a idea $%e
e-"%(i#a *a!'a (#-er'ir!e e# Di!) "a *i!'ria e! pr " 'a#', %#a re-e"a(i0# de Di!, %#a
'edi(ea, %#a 3%!'i7i(a(i0# de Di! e# e" de-e#ir de" A/!"%'
() H!"#$%!&!"'$ R+a#!,!"#a
Se 7i3a m8! e# "a (#'rap!i(i0# e#'re "a #a'%ra"e1a & e!p+ri'% p"a#'ea#d -aria! (ie#(ia! e#'re
"a! (%a"e! a'ri/%&e a "a *i!'ria %# "%ar pre7ere#'e. Rea((i#a 'am/i2# (#'ra e" p!i'i-i!m,
per (#!er-a !% pri#(ipi de $%e !0" e4i!'e " par'i(%"ar & (#(re'. Pr e"" # p%ede dar!e
#i#;# !i!'ema 7i"!07i( a/!"%', pr$%e "a *i!'ria #! a'e!'i%a e" *e(* de %#a p"%ra"idad
de !i!'ema!, $%e !0" 'ie#e %# -a"re# (%a#' e4pre!i0# de %#a (#(ie#(ia e# de'ermi#admme#' de" de!arr"" *i!'0ri(, p%e! "a *i!'ria mi!ma e!'8 pr e#(ima de 'd.
http://www.monografias.com/trabajos28/vico-primer-antimoderno/vico-primer-antimoderno.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos28/vico-primer-antimoderno/vico-primer-antimoderno.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos28/vico-primer-antimoderno/vico-primer-antimoderno.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos34/el-caracter/el-caracter.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos15/fundamento-ontologico/fundamento-ontologico.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos15/todorov/todorov.shtml#INTROhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos15/todorov/todorov.shtml#INTROhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos11/concient/concient.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos11/concient/concient.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos15/fundamento-ontologico/fundamento-ontologico.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos16/objetivos-educacion/objetivos-educacion.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos16/objetivos-educacion/objetivos-educacion.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos16/objetivos-educacion/objetivos-educacion.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos/positivismo/positivismo.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos/positivismo/positivismo.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos/histoconcreto/histoconcreto.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos11/teosis/teosis.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos11/teosis/teosis.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos14/nuevmicro/nuevmicro.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos28/vico-primer-antimoderno/vico-primer-antimoderno.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos34/el-caracter/el-caracter.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos15/fundamento-ontologico/fundamento-ontologico.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos15/todorov/todorov.shtml#INTROhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos11/concient/concient.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos15/fundamento-ontologico/fundamento-ontologico.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos16/objetivos-educacion/objetivos-educacion.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos/positivismo/positivismo.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos/histoconcreto/histoconcreto.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos11/teosis/teosis.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos14/nuevmicro/nuevmicro.shtml -
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HEGELGEORG ILHELM FRIEDRICH
Na(id e# S'%''ar' e" de a!' de @. i"0!7 a"em8#. E! (#!iderad (m "a 7i%ra
m8! repre!e#'a'i-a de "a i"!7+a C"8!i(a A"ema#a &, !e rie#'0 *a(+a "a 7rma(i0# de %#
!i!'ema idea"i!'a /3e'i-, me3r (#(id (m e"Panlogismo Dialctico.E!'%di0 primer e#
e" i#!'i'%' de !% (i%dad #a'a", & e#'re @ & @ !i%i0 e!'%di! de 'e"+a e# T%/i#a,
d#de 7%e (mpa9er de" pe'a H"der"i# & de" 7i"0!7 S(*e""i#, ra(ia! a" (%a" !e i#(rpr0
e# @@ (m d(e#'e a "a U#i-er!idad de Je#a, $%e !er+a ("a%!%rada a "a e#'rada de Nap"2#
e# "a (i%dad 5@6. A" 'iemp $%e !e i#'rd%(+a e# "a /ra de pe#!adre! (m S(*i""er,
Herder, Le!!i# &a#', (mpar'i0 (# !%! (mpa9er! e" e#'%!ia!m pr
"a Re-"%(i0#ra#(e!a. A%#$%e a" pri#(ipi !e *a""a/a m%& pr04im a" idea"i!mde i(*'e &
S(*e""i#, a medida $%e 7%e e"a/ra#d !% prpi !i!'ema 7i"!07i(, &a pr7e!r e# "a
U#i-er!idad de Heide"/er 5@@
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!i!'ema *ee"ia#, p%e! e4p"i(a e" de-e#ir de (ada /3e' e# !% (#'rari, & "a re!"%(i0# de
am/! e# %#a #%e-a 7i%ra $%e a !% -e1 !er8 #eada? a" 7i#a" de" pr(e!, "a e!e#(ia de"
A/!"%' !e re-e"a (m p%ra #ea'i-idad, e! de(ir, (m "a a%!e#(ia 5 me3r "a #ea(i0#6 de
(%a"$%ier de'ermi#a(i0#. A" (#'rari de " $%e !%(ede e# 'r! !i!'ema!, e" A/!"%'
de H+-+!e da (m " (#(re', (m !%ma de 'd! "! mme#'! de" pr(e! a "a -e1 $%e
(m !% re!%"'ad, !%pera#d "a -a%edad de "a a/!'ra((i0#, $%e (#!'i'%&e %# mme#' de"
'd. La di!'i#(i0# e#'re !%3e' & /3e' re!%"'a 'am/i2# !%perada 5Td " ra(i#a" e! rea" &
'd " rea" e! ra(i#a"Q6, p%e! "a *i!'ria de" pr(e! de re-e"a(i0# de" A/!"%' 5e" E!p+ri'%6,
$%e H+-+de!arr""a e# !% Fenomenologa del Espritu, !e da (m pr(e! de
a%'(#(imie#' de" prpi A/!"%'.
Di(e $%e "a *i!'ria 'ie#e %#a per!pe('i-a %#i-er!a", de!r/i'ar'e !%!'a#(ia" de" !i!'ema, e"
pr(e! *i!'0ri( apare(e (m e" a%'2#'i( de!arr"" de" e!p+ri'% a#'e $%e e" pare(e
!%/rdi#ad e" de!p"ie%e de "a! mi!ma! (a'er+a! de" e!p+ri'% "a (#(ie#(ia e#'re " rea" & "
idea" !e *a(e pa'e#'e e# "a 7i"!7+a de "a *i!'ria. La *i!'ria e! "a e4p"i(a(i0# de" e!p+ri'% e# e"
'iemp? a$%+ "a ra10# de3a $%e "! i#'ere!e! & pa!i#e! de "! *m/re! & de "! p%e/"! a(';e#
pr !+ mi!m!.
La *i!'ria 'ra#!(%rre (m a" 7a('i/"e, p%ede -er!e (m %#pre3%i(ide "a'er+ade" !;per
*m/re deNie'1!(*e. La &$."!8+%a&!7. 9!$"79!&a 8+ a !"#$%!a #!+.+ 4$% $(;+#$ '$"#%a%
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ACTUALIDAD DEL PENSAMIENTO
Se *a a7irmad "a *i!'ria e!'8 (#de#ada a repe'ir!e e# e" 'iemp, & e!' e! " $%e pre'e#de e"
*i!'ri(i!m, (#(er "!pr(e!!*i!'0ri(! de "a! (!a! & de "! !ere! para e#'e#der#! me3r
& a!+ pder *a/"ar de $%2 e! " $%e (#(e.
C*a.8$ a(a'$" 8+ !"#$%!&!"'$ a(a'$" 8+ +=4+%!+.&!a 8+ +&$" &$.&%+#$" .$ 8+
a"4+$" #+7%!&$" $ 8+!47#+"!"> + !"#$%!&!"'$ +" "!+'4%+ &$.&*"!7. 9%*#$ 8+ ,!,+.&!a".
E# #%e!'r! d+a!, d#de *a& 'a#'a p!i/i"idad de e!(%dri9ar e i#-e!'iar e" pa!ad # e! m%(*
" $%e e!' (%e#'a para "! a(#'e(imie#'! pre!e#'e!, pr$%e e" *m/re a('%a" e!'8 /%!(a#d
m8! e" 7%'%r, " #-ed!, " $%e # !e *a e#(#'rad & # !e (#(e, e# (ier'a medida
pre!%#(i0# "a'e#'e, pr 'a#', mirar e" pa!ad p%ede !#ar a e!'a#(amie#'.
La *i!'ria e! impr'a#'e para %/i(ar "a! (ie#(ia! & (#'e4'%a" i1ar"a!, per ""ear *a!'a a*+ # e!
impr'a#'e (m !e !%iere para e#(#'rar "a -erdad, !e 'ie#e "a me#'a"idad $%e " pa!ad de/e
!er !%perad & " $%e 'ie#e para !%perar # e! #e(e!ari re'mar".
E# e!'a 2p(a de (am/i de mi"e#i, "a *i!'ria ad$%iere %# pape" pr'a0#i(, !e re(i/e# "!
a(#'e(imie#'! de" !i" & de" mi"e#i, per a ma#era de (r0#i(a, e" *m/re de *& 'ie#e
%#a memria*i!'0ri(a m%& de7i(ie#'e? "! ra#de! pr'a#i!'a! para "a *%ma#idad !# "!
per!#a3e! demda. L! *e(*! $%e (#m-ier# a" m%#d, $%e e#erar# -erdadera!
re-"%(i#e! (ie#'+7i(a! & 7i"!07i(a!, $%e rii#ar# pr(e!! !(ia"e! de (am/i # !#
impr'a#'e!, & e# e"" e" *m/re de *& pdr+a e#(#'rar -erdader! m'i-! de (#(imie#' eimp%"!! de de!(%/rimie#'! de 'ip p!i("0i(, 7i"!07i( & de 'ra! rama!.
Si# !er e" *i!'ri(i!m "a pa#a(ea de "a 7i"!7+a 'e#dr+a m%(*a! -e#'a3a! para #%e!'r! d+a! !i
7%era m8! -a"rad & 'e#id e# (%e#'a. E! %re#'e (#(er "a *i!'ria, "a! ra+(e! & a!+ a/rir#!
e!pa(i pr "a! p!i/i"idade!, pr "! *ri1#'e! $%e permi'e# a" *m/re e#(#'rar !% p"e#i'%d.
http://www.monografias.com/trabajos14/administ-procesos/administ-procesos.shtml#PROCEhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos15/hipotesis/hipotesis.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos15/hipotesis/hipotesis.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos13/memor/memor.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos37/la-moda/la-moda.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos37/la-moda/la-moda.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos14/administ-procesos/administ-procesos.shtml#PROCEhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos15/hipotesis/hipotesis.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos13/memor/memor.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos37/la-moda/la-moda.shtml -
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CONCLUSIONES
La 7i"!7+a & "a (ie#(ia !e di7ere#(ia e# $%e e" (ie#'+7i( " $%e pre'e#de e! (#(er a par'ir de
"a /!er-a(i0# %# *e(* a #i-e" 7e#m2#i( m%& de"imi'ad mie#'ra! $%e "a 7i"!7+a pre'e#de
(#(er "a ''a"idad de %# *e(* 7e#m2#i(, per # !" e# "a ''a"idad de" *e(* e# !i, !i#e# "a e!e#(ia, e# " $%e -a a perma#e(er !iempre.
Ha/"ar a(er(a de" P!i'i-i!m e! re7erir!e a "a idea de per7e((i#a"idad de "a! re"a(i#e!
3%r+di(a!, /'e#er "a p%re1a de" Dere(* para "! p!i'i-i!'a! e! /!er-ar" (m ;#i(, '2rmi#
''a" d#de # e4i!'a# di7ere#'e! ma'i(e! & "a 7rma de "rar %#a (ie#(ia p%ra e! apar'a#d "a
e!piri'%a"idad, "a! (ree#(ia! re"ii!a!, e" (ar8('er mra", me'a7+!i( & !(ia". De/id a e!'a!
(ara('er+!'i(a! e" p!i'i-i!m e! %#a (rrie#'e m#i!'a # admi'e e" -erdader e!p+ri'% de "!
!ere! *%ma#!, "%e !e p%ede (a'a"ar (m i#!e#!i/"e, /3e'i-a & e+!'a, e" !er *%ma# #
e! !" #rma 3%r+di(a, 'am/i2# e! e!e#(ia, e! (ree#(ia, e! (%"'%ra, e! !e#'imie#'!, (!'%m/re,e! mra", e! !er, e! !e#'ir "a -erdadera rea"idad $%e #! a(mpa9a de!de "! pri#(ipi! de "a
e4i!'e#(ia, a!+ (me#1am! & pr e"" !e de/e re!pe' a "a (a"idad de "a #a'%ra"e1a $%e e! ;#i(a
& pree4i!'e#'e, !%perir.
C# e!' # !e $%iere de(ir $%e e" p!i'i-i!m !ea %#a (rrie#'e err0#ea, per de/e e#7(ar!e
de!de 'r p%#' de -i!'a, 'mar (m i#!'r%me#' de 7rma(i0#, a" Dere(* Na'%ra", e! de(ir a
"a (rrie#'e I%!#a'%ra"i!'a, a$%e""a $%e 7%#da "! pri#(ipi! de "a *%ma#idad & "a "ea"'ad (# e"
!er. Si #! re7erim! %# p( a "a #rma, e! impr'a#'e re(rdar $%e primer *a& $%e
i#'eriri1ar"a a#'e! de e4'eriri1ar"a & para e! e! #e(e!aria %#a (#(ie#(ia $%e !e (rea a /a!e depri#(ipi! $%e # !" !# '2(#i(!, m%(*! de e!'!, para # de(ir "a ma&r+a #a(e# (# e" !er
*%ma# & !e -a# de!arr""a#d a(rde a "a e-"%(i0# de "a !(iedad.
Si !m! !er, !m! "e& Na'%ra", e#'#(e! e" p!i'i-i!m # de/e "-idar!e de e!', p!ee# %#a
e4(e"e#'e e!'r%('%ra 3%r+di(a, per para pder a"(a#1ar %#a d('ri#a $%e -erdaderame#'e "re
%# rde#, e! #e(e!ari 'mar e# (%e#'a #%e!'ra! ra+(e! & dem8! a!pe('! $%e #! (mp"eme#'a#
(m !ere! ra(i#a"e!.
E" I%!#a'%ra"i!m # e! %#a 'e!i! e4("%!i-a, permi'e a/rir!e a" (amp de "a #rma e# 'd e"
!e#'id de "a pa"a/ra, 3%r+di(a, mra", 'e"0i(a, e'(. La impr'a#(ia de e!'a 'er+a re(a"(a e# $%e
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#!'r! "! !ere! *%ma#! pr-e#im! de %#a #a'%ra"e1a & a%#$%e 'ra'em! de e!(apar de e""a,
e!'a #! i#(%"(a #
Dere(*? # e! p!i/"e $%e e" mi!m *m/re permi'a (aer e# %#a r%'i#a & pa'r#e! perdie#d
!e#'id !/re (ree#(ia! & 'radi(i#e! de "a #a'%ra"e1a mi!ma, pr e! #! *em! (%e!'i#ad)
%2 !m! "! Hm/re! !i# #%e!'ra e!e#(ia, A(a! e" *m/re p%ede -i-ir de 7rma"idade!
'2(#i(a!, "-ida#d !% #a'%ra"e1a & Si # 'e#em! C%"'%ra, #i Va"re!, re"ii0# #i mra",
e#'#(e!... %2 !m!, Hm/re! 0 Ma$%i#a!
E" *i!'ri(i!m e! %#a (rrie#'e d('ri#aria $%e #a(e de "a di!(%!i0# "i'eraria e#'re THIBAUT &
SAVIGNY.
S%re (#'ra e" a7ra#(e!amie#' impera#'e, (#'ra e" ra(i#a"i!m i%! #a'%ra"i!'a & pr e"
!%rimie#' de %# #%e- e!p+ri'% (#!arad pr e" m-imie#' de#mi#ad STURM UND
DRANG
A7irma $%e "a e-"%(i0# (#!'a#'e de" Dere(* e! %#a ma#i7e!'a(i0# de" e!p+ri'% pp%"ar
5VOLSGEIST6
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ANE?OS:
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