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PLANOS Y EJES DEL CUERPOHUMANO
• GRUPO COLABORATIVO 4• ENTRENAMIENTO DEPORTIVO 35317
•
MARINELA ZAPATA• JOHN FERNEY MENESES
• JAIME ANDRES PEREZ
• ALEJANDRO CASTILLA• JUBIER CARTAGENA
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MOVIMIENTO
Una v! " #an"$%&'a&( )
*(+,-n&'&( .a"
"$-%*$%-a"'nv(.%*-a&a" n .
+(v'+'n$( /#%"("0.'a+n$("0 +2"*%.("
) .(" $-+'n(" %"a&(",a-a &"*-''-.a"0 "& *(n(*- .
.n%a6 %n'v-"a. %&"*-'n .
+(v'+'n$(
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POSICI8N ANAT8MICA Y POSICI8NFUNDAMENTAL
• C%an&( " &"*-' . +(v'+'n$(#%+an( #a) %n ,%n$( & ,a-$'&a%n'v-"a.+n$ a*,$a&( &. *%a.$(&(" .(" +(v'+'n$(" ,a-$n9 La
posición anatómica.
• En "$a ,("'*':n $(&a" .a"
a-$'*%.a*'(n" " *(n"'&-an n,("'*':n n%$-a ( a ; -a&(" "'n %n'n2n +(v'+'n$( #a)a (*%--'&(<
• O*a"'(na.+n$ " "*%*#a .$-+'n( posición fundamental*%)a &'=-n*'a " .a ,("'*':n & .a"+an("<
• Se preere el concepto de posición anatómica &a&( % .a,("'*':n & .a" +an(" #a*'+,("'. a.%n(" +(v'+'n$(" &.+'+-( "%,-'(-
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LOCACIONES ANAT8MICAS
Va-'(" $-+'n(" " *(n"'&-an %n'v-"a." ,a-a .a &'"*%"':n & .a -.a*':n",a*'a. %na "$-%*$%-a ana$:+'*a ) ($-a<
• Superior: S ->- a a.( % "$? ,(- n*'+a ( +?" a.$( % ($-a"$-%*$%-a /E69 .a *a!a "$? "%,-'(- a. $:-a@
• Inferior: S'n'>*a % a.( "$? aa6( ( +?" aa6( % ($-a "$-%*$%-a/E69 E. $:-a@ "$? 'n=-'(- a .a *a!a
• Lateral: S ->- a a.( % "$? +?" a..? & .a .na +&'a &.
*%-,( & ($-a "$-%*$%-a /E69 L(" -a!(" "$?n .a$-a. a .a *(.%+nav-$-a.
• Medial: S'n'>*a % %na "$-%*$%-a "$? +?" *-*a & .a .na +&'a&. *%-,( % ($-a "$-%*$%-a /E69 La na-'! "$? +&'a. a .a" (-6a"
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LOCACIONES ANAT8MICAS
• Anterior: S ->- a %na "$-%*$%-a % "$? &.an$ & ($-a /E69 .a&(+n "$? an$-'(- a .a *(.%+na
• Posterior: S ->- a %na "$-%*$%-a % "$? &$-?" & ($-a"$-%*$%-a /E69 La *(.%+na "$? ,("$-'(- a. a&(+n
• Proximal: S'n'>*a *-*a a. *n$-( &. *%-,( /E69 La -(&'..a ",-(@'+a. a. $('..(
• Distal: S'n'>*a a.6a&( &. *n$-( &. *%-,( /E69 La +an( "
n*%n$-a &'"$a. a .a +%*a
• Dorsal: In&'*a . .a&( & n*'+a & %na "$-%*$%-a $a. *(+( .a a.$a&(-"a. .(*a.'!a&a n*'+a &. &(-"( &. ,! /E69 E. a",*$( &(-"a. & .a+an( " ..a+a . &(-"( & .a +an( ( ",a.&a & .a +an(
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LOCACIONES ANAT8MICAS
• Volar: S ->- a. .a&( & aa6( ( a. a",*$( 'n=-'(- & %na "$-%*$%-a/E69 A. a",*$( v(.a- & .a +an( " . &n(+'na ,a.+a- +'n$-a" % .a",*$( v(.a- &. ,' " . ..a+a ,.an$a-
• Pronación: S ->- a .a -($a*':n & %n +'+-( &"& "% ,("'*':n
ana$:+'*a #a*'a . *%-,(< /E@'"$ ,-(na*':n &. an$-a!( ) $a+'n &.,'
• Supinación: S ->- a .a -($a*':n & %n +'+-( *%an&( 'n'*'a %na.6a+'n$( &. *%-,(< /E@'"$ $a+'n n . an$-a!( ) . ,'
• Desviación ulnar (Aducción ulnar 9E" . +(v'+'n$( .a$-a. & .a+%*a n &'-**':n a .a %.na
• Desviación radial (Aducción radial!: E" . +(v'+'n$( .a$-a. &.a +%*a n &'-**':n a. -a&'(
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PLANOS Y EJES
• E. +(v'+'n$( #%+an( % " &a &"& .a ,("'*':n ana$:+'*a "&"*-'$( *(+( $(+an&( .%a- n %n ,.an( /%na "%,->*' ,.anaa.-&&(- & %n 6 /%na .na &-*#a a.-&&(- & .a *%a. -($a %n(6$(< La ,("'*':n ana$:+'*a " . ,%n$( & 'n'*'( . +(v'+'n$(<
• L(" +2"*%.(" *-an . +(v'+'n$( & .(" "+n$(" &. *%-,( nva-'(" ,.an(" % &'v'&n . *%-,( n &'=-n$" ,a-$"< L(" $-",.an(" ",*>*(" "(n ,-,n&'*%.a-" /n ?n%.(" -*$(" n$- "'<
• L(" $-" ,.an(" ",*>*(" "(n9
– PLANO SAGITAL
– PLANO HORIZONTAL
– PLANO FRONTAL
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PLANO SAGITAL
• E. plano sa"ital 0 $a+'n..a+a&( ,.an(anteroposterior ,a"a &"&. =-n$ #a"$a .a ",a.&a &.*%-,(0 *-an&( %n .a&( '!%'-&() %n .a&( &-*#( &. *%-,(<
P%& #a- *%a.%'- n2+-( &,.an(" "a'$a." ,-( @'"$ %n2n'*( plano cardinal sa"ital% &'v'& . *%-,( n "+n$("'%a." *(n @a*$a+n$ .a +'$a&&. *%-,( n *a&a .a&( &. ,.an(*a-&'na.<
• E. ,.an( *a-&'na. a,a-* na.%n(" $@$(" *(+( ,.an(,-'n*',a. ) "$(" $-+'n(" "(n'n$-*a+'a."
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PLANO HORIZONTAL
• #l plano $ori%ontal$a+'n *(n(*'&( *(+(
plano transversala$-av'"a . *%-,(
#(-'!(n$a.+n$ &'v'&'n&( .*%-,( n &(" "+n$("0 %n(a--'a ) ($-( aa6(<
• P%&n @'"$'- *%a.%'-*an$'&a& & ,.an("
$-an"v-"a." ,-( @'"$ "(.(%n plano cardinal$ori%ontal % &'v'& .*%-,( n '%a." ,-(,(-*'(n"a--'a ) aa6(<
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PLANO FRONTAL
• #l plano frontal $a+'n*(n(*'&( *(+( plano laterala$-av'"a . *%-,( & %n .a&( a($-( *-an&( %n .a&( a&.an$ ) %n
.a&( a$-?"<
• P%& @'"$'- *%a.%'- n2+-( &,.an(" =-(n$a." ,-( @'"$ "(.( %n
plano cardinal frontal . *%a.
&'v'& . *%-,( n ,a-$" '%a."a&.an$ ) a$-?"
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CENTRO DEGRAVEDAD
• E. ,%n$( & 'n$-"**':n & $(&(" .("$-" ,.an(" *a-&'na." " . centrode "ravedad del cuerpo.
• C%an&( $(&(" .(" "+n$(" &.*%-,( " *(+'nan ) . *%-,( "*(n"'&-a&( %na "$-%*$%-a ":.'&a n .a,("'*':n ana$:+'*a0 el centro de"ravedad se uicaaproximadamente en la parte a&ade la columna lumar.
•
S' .a" ,a-$" &. *%-,( " +%vn&"& .a ,("'*':n ana$:+'*a ( *a+'a. ,"( &. *%-,( ,(- "% a%+n$( (&'"+'n%*':n ( ,(- ..va- *a-a" *(+(,"a"0 .a %'*a*':n &. *n$-( &-av&a& *a+'a<
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EJES DEL CUERPO
• Un 6 " %na .na -*$a a.-&&(- & .a*%a. -($a %n (6$(< En . *%-,( #%+an(" ,'n$an .a a-$'*%.a*'(n" *(+( 6" ).(" #%"(" *(+( .(" (6$(" % -($ana.-&&(- & ..a" n %n ,.an(,-,n&'*%.a- a. 6<
• E@'"$n $-" 6" ,-'n*',a." ) .a -($a*':n" &"*-' *(+( "' (*%--'-a n %n ,.an(a.-&&(- &. 6 % " ,-,n&'*%.a- a.,.an( ) .( a$-av'"a ,(- $(&( "% *n$-(<
• L(" 6" "(n9
– #&e frontal $ori%ontal
– #&e vertical
– #&e sa"ital $ori%ontal
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SENTIDO DE ROTACI8NDEL EJE FRONTAL
HORIZONTAL• #l plano sa"ital rota
alrededor del e&e frontal$ori%ontal < La -(&'..a " %n6 =-(n$a. #(-'!(n$a. ) .+'+-( 'n=-'(- " . (6$(
% " +%v n . ,.an("a'$a. *%an&( " &(.a .a-(&'..a
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SENTIDO DEROTACI8N DEL EJE
VERTICAL• #l plano $ori%ontal rota
alrededor del e&e vertical(lon"itudinal!. C%an&( "-($a .a *a!a & '!%'-&aa &-*#a /*%an&( &*'+("n( "$%a.+n$0 .a *a!a-($a n %n ,.an( #(-'!(n$a.a.-&&(- &. 6 v-$'*a.*-a&( ,(- .a *(.%+na n .aa-$'*%.a*':n n ,'v($a$.an$((&(n$('&a
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SENTIDO DE ROTACI8NDEL EJE SAGITAL
HORIZONTAL
• #l plano frontal rotaalrededor el e&e sa"ital$ori%ontal. C%an&( " .van$a
. -a!( #a*'a %n .a&(0 .#(+-( " . 6 "a'$a.#(-'!(n$a. ) . -a!( " . (6$(% " +%v n . ,.an( =-(n$a.
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PLANOS0 EJES Y MOVIMIENTOSFUNDAMENTALES
PLANO EJE MOVIMIENTOS
SAGITAL/an$-(,("$-'(-
FRONTALHORIZONTAL
FLEI8N YETENSI8N
FRONTAL/.a$-a.
SAGITALHORIZONTAL
ADUCCI8N YABEDUCCI8N
HORIZONTAL/$-an"v-"a.
VERTICAL ROTACI8N
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MOVIMIENTOS FUNDAMENTALES
• S & -*(-&a- % .("+(v'+'n$(" $(+an .%a- n%n ,.an( a.-&&(- & %n 6<
• E@'"$n $-" ,.an(" ) $-"
6" *(n &(" +(v'+'n$("=%n&a+n$a." n *a&a ,.an(
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FELI8N Y ETENSI8N
• En . ,.an( "a'$a. .("+(v'+'n$(" =%n&a+n$a." "(n .a'exión ) .a extensión<
• La @':n " &>n *(+( .&*-*'+'n$( &. ?n%.( =(-+a&(,(- .(" #%"(" & %na a-$'*%.a*':n<
• La @$n"':n " &>n *(+( .'n*-+n$( &. ?n%.( =(-+a&(,(- .(" #%"(" & %na a-$'*%.a*':n<
• R$(-na- %na a-$'*%.a*':n n@':n a "% ,("'*':n ana$:+'*a "*(n"'&-a @$n"':n
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ABDUCCI8N YADUCCI8N
• L(" +(v'+'n$("=%n&a+n$a." n . ,.an(=-(n$a. "(n .a aducción )aducción<
• La a&%**':n " &>n *(+( .
+(v'+'n$( & a.6a+'n$(&"& .a .na +&'a &.*%-,(<
• E. +(v'+'n$( #a*'a .a .na+&'a &. *%-,( " &>n
*(+( a&%**':n<
• E. -$(-n( &"& %na ,("'*':n& a&%**':n #a*'a .a ,("'*':nana$:+'*a " *(n"'&-aa&%**':n
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ROTACI8N INTERNA Y ROTACI8NETERNA
• L(" +(v'+'n$(" =%n&a+n$a." n. ,.an( #(-'!(n$a. "(n & rotación<
• C%an&( .a "%,->*' an$-'(- &.+'+-( "%,-'(- ( 'n=-'(- " a.6a& .na +&'a &. *%-,( /( -($a
.a$-a.+n$0 a "$ +(v'+'n$( ". &n(+'na rotación externa orotación lateral <
• C%an&( .a "%,->*' an$-'(- &.+'+-( "%,-'(- ( 'n=-'(- "a*-*a a .a .na +&'a &. *%-,(
/( -($a +&'a.+n$0 a "$+(v'+'n$(" " . &n(+'narotación interna o rotaciónmedial
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CIRCUNDUCCI8N
• La" a-$'*%.a*'(n" *a,a*" & *-a-+(v'+'n$( n &(" ,.an(" /'a@'a.") n $-" ,.an(" /$-'a@'a." ,%&n,-(&%*'- ($-( +(v'+'n$(&n(+'na&( circunducción<
• La circunducción comina dos oms movimientosfundamentales0 n( " *(n"'&-a&(,(- $an$( %n +(v'+'n$(
=%n&a+n$a. & %na a-$'*%.a*':n
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