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O adjetivoPRESENT PERFECT


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Present Perfect: form

Verb to have (has, have)+

Main verb (past participle)


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• In regular verbs, the past participle and the past simple are both formed from the infinitive + ed:

I have finished my homework. verb to have + verb

(has, have) (past participle)



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Infinitive → Past simple Past participle

arrive → arrived arrived

play → played playedvisit → visited

visited



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• For irregular verbs, follow the example given and check the irregular verb list below.

I have done my homework.

verb to have + verb (has, have) (past participle)



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Affirmative sentences: positive


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Negative sentences: negative


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Interrogative sentences: YES/NO

Short answersInterrogative


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We use the present perfect… • to connect the past and the present, describing an action

which started in the past and continues up to the present, specially with for (a period of time) and since.

− I have studied English since I was twelve. (I’m seventeen now.)

– I have studied English for 5 years.


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We use the present perfect… • to describe an action which happened at an

unstated time in the past. The exact time is not important, so it is not mentioned.– They have been to Paris.

• to describe actions which were completed in the past but whose results affect the present.– I can’t walk. I’ve hurt my leg.


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We use the present perfect… • for finished actions that are important now or they

are news:– Have you heard? She’s back in town!– A plane has crashed in India.

• with just to say something has happened very

recently:– He has just arrived.– They have just moved to the new house.


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We use the present perfect…

• with expressions which refer to ‘any time up to now’, like: ever, never, before, recently, often, already, yet:– Have you finished your

homework yet?– I have never been to Africa.– They have moved recently.


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The present perfect: ever/never• ever (in interrogative

sentences) x never (in affirmative

sentences – negative meaning)

– Have you ever been to Paris?– I have never been to Paris.


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The present perfect: already/yet• already (in affirmative sentences)

x yet (in interrogative and

negative sentences )(Paul is going to move next week.)– He hasn’t moved yet.(Paul moved last week.)– Has Paul moved yet?– Yes, he has already moved.

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