-
7/23/2019 Metodologa para el estudio social de la delincuencia y la violencia
1/27
H@G\RK PGCQ@RXC\ORCK L@ L@XORRKDDK CG\@D@H\PODPGCQ@RXCLOL OP\GKEO L@D @X\OLK L@ MCLODIK
CGX\C\P\K L@ HC@GHCOX XKHCOD@X S MPEOGCLOL@X@x|olk l` Mclodik
KBX@RQO\KRCK HCPLOLOGK
\pdo l` Odd`gl`
E`|klkdkio ~oro `d ogdcxcx l` do cgx`iprclol
s do `dobkrohcg l` cglcholkr`x
-
7/23/2019 Metodologa para el estudio social de la delincuencia y la violencia
2/27
E@\KLKDKIO
@}cx|` mox|o `d eke`g|k pgo irog lcq`rxclol l` ekl`dkx ~oro `d ogdcxcx l` do l`dcghp`ghco$
do qckd`ghco s do hke~kxchcg l` do xkhc`lol `g r`dohcg l` `x|ox horoh|`rx|chox' ^oro `d hoxk l`dkbx`rqo|krck hcplologk l` \pdo l` Odd`gl` x` |c`g` pgo e`|klkdkio ~oro `d lcx`k l` xp akreo
kriogczohckgod s olecgcx|ro|cqo' @g do hpod `d `j` ~rcghc~od `x do ~or|chc~ohcg hcplologo$ do
l`ekhrohco s do k~cgcg l`d hcplologk `g dkx oxpg|kx l` lp hcplol' Do hpod `x `x|` hoxk x` xcipc
lchmo ~rk~p`x|o$ ~`rk ~oro `d hoxk l` do `dobkrohcg l` dk cglcholkr`x x` l`xorrkddk pgo ~rk~p`x|o
~rk~co l` do Pgcq`rxclol Op|gkeo l`d `x|olk l` Mclodik$ o |roqx l` dkx |robojkx l` cgq`x|ciohcg
l`xorrkddolkx ~r`qcoe`g|` ~kr `d Lr' Xhro|`x D~`z ^r`z' @g|r` `x|kx x` `ghp`g|ro do hkkrlcgohcg
l` dkx |robojkx l` cgq`x|ciohcg l`d Lcoigx|chk xkhckl`ekirachk l`d l`dc|k ~oro do `dobkrohcg l`d
^dog R`h|kr ~oro do ^r`q`ghcg l`d L`dc|k s `d ~rks`h|k l` Lcoigx|chk ~oro `d R`xho|` l` @x~ohckx
^bdchkx
L`g|rk l` `x|ox e`|klkdkio `ghkg|roekx pgk ~rk~p`x|k ~oro k|rkx lcoigx|chkx s p` x`
`x|obd`hc hkek kachcod ~oro do `dobkrohcg l` lcq`rxkx ~rks`h|kx o gcq`d gohckgod$ ~kr dk hpod ap`
`ec|clk `g `d lcorck kachcod `g do hpod x` x`odo p` x` l`b`g `ghkg|ror dkx `d`e`g|kx p` i`g`rog
qckd`ghco s l`x`ghol`gog lcq`rxkx l`dc|kx' @x|` `x bxchoe`g|` l` horh|`r hpodc|o|cqk$ so p` do
box` `x `d |robojk l` hoe~k$ `d d`qog|oec`g|k l` `g|r`qcx|ox s hkg pg xpx|`g|k `g do kbx`rqohcg$
mcx|krcox l` qclo s |robojkx xpx|`g|olkx `g irp~kx akhod`x ` cgakreog|`x l` hodclol s hkg hc`r|k~r`x|cick dkhod' @d x`ipglk$ p` `x pgo ~rk~p`x|o l`d irp~k l` cgq`x|ciohcg$ `x `d ekl`dk
`hkgechk l` ~k|`ghcodclol`x l`d l`dc|k s hpsk xpx|`g|k ~rcghc~od xkg dkx lo|kx xkhckl`ekirachk$
dox `ghp`g|rox s dox box`x l` lo|kx'
E`|klkdkio XPBX@EPG%CGXCL@
@x|o e`|klkdkio ap` lcx`olo ~kr lcq`rxox cgx|oghcox oholechox s oxkhcohckg`x hcplologox' ^`rk
xkbr` |klk x` lck o |roqx l` do o~rkbohcg s h`r|cachohcg l` dox cgx|oghcox p` ~klrog `dobkror dkx
lcoigx|chkx epgchc~od`x$ p` `d XGX^ `x| mohc`glk o aoqkr l` pgo cgx|oghco l` do xkhc`lol s p`
`g `x|` hoxk dk ap` `d CGHCL@ Xkhcod' `x|k p`lk x`odolk `g `d lkhpe`g|k xpxhrc|k ~kr do
dch`ghcolo Hdoro Jpxcleog$ hkek `g `d kachck Gk' HG^Ls^H+?2=+2>?? l` a`hmo 2= l` obrcd xpxhrc|k
~kr do Lro' Dopro Horr`ro Dpik$ `g do p` x` log cglchohckg`x$ s |c`g`g hkek `j` apgloe`g|od p` `x
do kriogczohcg xkhcod do p` iorog|czor do hodclol l` dkx lcoigx|chkx'
-
7/23/2019 Metodologa para el estudio social de la delincuencia y la violencia
3/27
@x|` lkhpe`g|k `x| `dobkrolk ~oro hpbrcr ?1 |`eox$ dkx hpod`x o xp q`z hkrr`x~kgl`g o ?1 ho~|pdkx
l`d cgakre` acgod' O xp q`z x` r`odczorkg `j`rhchckx ~r`qckx hkg lchmo e`|klkdkio$ hkek `x `d hoxk
l` Hcplol Jpr`z$ Oipoxhodc`g|`x$ Ipolodojoro s \cjpogo'
@x|o e`|klkdkio xcrqc l` ipo ~oro i`g`ror |klkx dkx lcoigx|chkx l` do qckd`ghco xkhcod o gcq`d
epgchc~od s x` boxo `g dk p` x` hkgkh` hkege`g|` hkek `x|ro|`icox l` |crkx l` ~`rlcig' L`
ohp`rlk hkg dk x`odolk ~kr `d lkhpe`g|k xpxhrc|k ~kr Hdoro Jpxcleog$ s p` acgode`g|` x`
hkgqcr|c `g pg r`pcxc|k `g do r`odczohcg l` dkx lcoigx|chkx epgchc~od`x' @g|r` dkx |`eox i`grchkx
obkrlolkx$ `ghkg|roekx l`xl` `d l`xorrkddk prbogk$ mox|o do hpd|pro l` do d`iodclol$ ~oxoglk ~kr do
e`lchcg l`d ho~c|od xkhcod$ do l`xhrc~hcg l` dkx e`lckx l` hkepgchohcg$ s l` dkx ~o|rkg`x s
~rh|chox l` lcxhrcecgohcg$ oxkhcohckgcxek s ~or|chc~ohcg hkepgc|orco'
@g `x|` ~pg|k$ do e`|klkdkio hke~or|` hrc|`rckx s ~kx|prox hkek dox p` x`odo do D`s I`g`rod
l` Ohh`xk l` dox Epj`r`x o pgo Qclo Dcbr` l` Qckd`ghco s hkg dk p` mo q`gclk mohc`glk doHkecxcg Gohckgod ~oro ^r`q`gcr s @rrolchor do Qckd`ghco hkg|ro dox Epj`r`x -HKGOQCE#' S hpso
`x|rph|pro x` xpx|`g|o `g dkx xcipc`g|`x hrc|`rckx:
?'% L`xorrkddk prbogk s khp~ohcg l`d |`rrc|krck epgchc~od
2'% Do qcqc`glo s do cgaro`x|rph|pro l` x`rqchckx
8'% Xc|pohcg s `qkdphcg l`ekiracho
'% ^o|rkg`x s ~rh|chox l` oxkhcohcg s ~or|chc~ohcg hkepgc|orco
?2'% Dkx e`lckx l` hkepgchohcg
?8'% Do hpd|pro l` do d`iodclol
?
-
7/23/2019 Metodologa para el estudio social de la delincuencia y la violencia
4/27
?0'% Lcoigx|chk l` dox cgx|oghcox l` x`iprclol
?1'% Hkg|`}|k l` dox cgx|c|phckg`x l` jpx|chco
@g `x|` hoxk do cgx|rpe`g|ohcg l` `x|kx ~pg|kx x` lo o ~or|cr l` `x|ro|`icox l` cgq`x|ciohcg hpsk
xpx|`g|k x`o:
?'R`hp~`rohcg s r`qcxcg l` cgq`x|ciohckg`x so r`odczolox `g `d epgchc~ck
2'Xcx|`eo|czohcg l` cgakreohcg s `dobkrohcg l` cglcholkr`x ~kr ho~|pdk
8'@g|r`qcx|ox o cgakreog|`x hdoq`
-
7/23/2019 Metodologa para el estudio social de la delincuencia y la violencia
5/27
`}~dk|ohcg `hkgecho$ l`x~kjkx$ `x~`hpdohcg l` do |c`rro$ pgclol`x mobc|ohckgod`x xcg `x~ohckx$
`|h'#'
E`|klkdkio PO@M%HPLC
L`xl` `d cgchck l`d ~rks`h|k l` cgq`x|ciohcg ~oro do r`odczohcg l`d lcoigx|chk x`
ce~d`e`g| do e`|klkdkio l`xorrkddolo ~kr `d CGHCL@%Xkhcod$ xcg `eborik pg q`z r`odczolox dox
lcq`rxox r`pgckg`x hkg kx ~r`xcl`g|`x epgchc~od`x s xpx hkkrlcgolkr`x XPBX@E$ x` l`chclck
ce~d`e`g|or do ~rk~co e`|klkdkio l`d irp~k' l` om p` mox|o `d eke`g|k x` mo |`gclk lcq`rxox
`}~`rc`ghco p` mog `x|olk xpx|`g|olox `g `d xcipc`g|` ekl`dk'
Od r`dohckgor do hke~kxchcg xkhckl`ekiracho l` do ~kbdohcg hkg dox horoh|`rx|chox l`d
l`dc|k gkx ~kxcbcdc|o `ghkg|ror dkx pebrod`x `g|r` pg `x|olk cl`od l` qclo ~oro dkx xpj`|kx s dox
hkglchckg`x rohckgod`x s kbj`|cqox `g dox p` odipgkx cglcqclpkx l`hcl`g hkgq`r|crx` `gl`dcghp`g|`x$ x`ig dox r`hke~`gxox acgoghc`rox -p` x` hkgqc`r|`g `g dox opx`ghcox `hkgechox s
hkglchcg xkhcod#$ ox hkek `d oir`iolk l` do ~rkbobcdclol l` o~r`m`gxcg s hkgqchhcg$ s do
iroq`lol l` do ~kxcbd` ~`go' Dkx hpod`x ~p`l`g x`r dkhodczolkx l`g|rk l` pg ~dogk l` hkrr`dohckg`x
~kxc|cqox s g`io|cqox$ ~oro `d hoxk |c`g` p` x`r o |roqx l` ekl`dkx `x|olx|chkx s box`x l` lo|kx l`
holo lcoigx|chk' @x|` hrph` |oebcg x` ~p`l` r`odczor o |roqx l` ho|`ikrox hpodc|o|cqox p` l`acg`g
do hke~kxchcg l` do hkm`xcg xkhcod'
QORCOBD@ @X\OLCX\CHO KBX@RQOHCKG@X
glch` l` eoricgohcgglch` ~kbr`zo
glch` l` eoricgohcg l` do hkepgclol%E~ck
X`ig `xhodox ~rk~cox - l` od|o o bojo#
Gcq`d l` cgir`xk \k|od l` xodorckx egcekx l` cgir`xk ~kraoecdco l`g|rk l`d OI@B '
L` bojkx o od|kx xodorckx
J`ao|pro aoecdcor Ogodczor do hke~kxchcg l` do j`ao|pro l`aoecdco$ q`r do hke~kxchcg l` do j`ao|proa`e`gcgo'
^krh`g|oj` l` j`ao|pro a`e`gcgo -o eoskrj`ao|prox a`e`gcgox l`g|rk l`dOI@B5l`|`rckrk l` r l`x xkhcod`x dkhod`x5eoskr ~k|`ghcod l` l`dcghp`ghco#
Hke~kxchcg l` do qcqc`glo: L`xhrcbcr:\k|od l` mobc|ohckg`x\c~k l` eo|`rcod`x l` hkgx|rphhcg l` doqcqc`glo\c~k l` x`rqchckx -oipo$ dpz$ lr`goj`$ iox$|`dakgk$ Cg|`rg`|#\c~k l` bc`g`x -bksd`r#
Kb|`g`r r`dohcg l` mohcgoec`g|kQcqc`glo l`|`rckrolo5~krh`g|oj` l`l`dcghp`ghco'
^`racd l` do ~kbdohcg Hke~kxchcg l` do ~kbdohcg l`d OI@B'Horoh|`rx|chox l` do ~crecl` ~kbdohcg~kr irp~kx l` `lol
O eoskr ~krh`g|oj` l` ~kbdohcg `g lol`xl` 2>%8> okx eoskr ~k|`ghcod l`dcghp`ghco'
Og|ci`lol Okx l` r`xcl`ghco l` dkx q`hcgkx' ^krh`g|oj` l` r`xcl`g|`x gohclkx `g ddpioro e`gkr r`xcl`g|`x dkhod`x 5 eoskrl`dcghp`ghco
Krci`g Dpior l` krci`g$ gohcec`g|k% ecirohcgcg|`rgo l` dkx q`hcgkx'
O eoskr ecirohcg k op`ddkx p` gk x ogkrcicgorckx l` do dkhodclol s hkg e`gkx l`|r`x okx 5 o eoskr l`dcghp`ghco'
\c~k l` ~rk~c`lol \c~k l` ~rk~c`lol l` do qcqc`glo$ xr`g|olo$ ~rk~co$ ~r`x|olo'
^krh`g|oj` l` lp`kx l` do qcqc`glo'O e`gkr lp`kx s p` r`g|`g5eoskr
-
7/23/2019 Metodologa para el estudio social de la delincuencia y la violencia
6/27
l`dcghp`ghco'Gcq`d l` `xhkdorclol Gcq`d l` `xhkdorclol l`d j`a` l` aoecdco O e`gkr `xhkdorclol$ eoskr lcx~kxchcg o do
l`dcghp`ghco' L`xhkg|oglk irp~kx g lol`xhkdor' X` ~p`l` |keor ogodaob`|cxek sokx l` `x|plck'
\c~k l` x`rqchckx l` xodpl \c~k l` x`rqchckx l` xodpl hkg p` hp`g|o`d j`a` l` aoecdco -CXXX\@$ CEXX$ XXO#
^krh`g|oj` l` ~kbdohcg p` |c`g` ohh`xk odo xodpl ~bdcho' O eoskr ~kbdohcg xcgr`icx|rk l` xodpl eoskr l`dcghp`ghco'
R`dcicg \c~k l` r`dcicg p` ~rka`xo do aoecdco Gk ~rka`xor pgo r`dcicg 5 o eoskrl`dcghp`ghco'L`xcg|`irohcg aoecdcor @g do qcqc`glo do j`ao|pro `x a`e`gcgo$
`x|g lcqkrhcolkx$ mos oboglkgk l` pgkl` dkx ~olr`x$ mo ecirolk odipgk l``ddkx'
O eoskr lcqkrhckx p mkior`x oboglkgolkx~kr pgk l` dkx ~olr`x 5 o eoskrl`dcghp`ghco'^krh`g|oj` l` mkior`x g x|o hkglchcg'
\c~k l` dpior`x ~bdchkx' @}cx|`g l`g|rk l`d ~`re`|rk s |keoglkhkek bpaa`r d OI@B:Hog|cgoxHke`rhckx@xhp`doxBcbdck|`hoxE`rholkx^rkx|bpdkx -icrkx g`irkx#Hke`rhckx l` qcl`kx jp`ikxHcg`xCid`xcox%%%~orrkpcox|`e~dkx\cogipcxMkx~c|od`xhdgchoxHox`|o qcicdoghco -~pbdcho%~rcqolo#
O eoskr icrkx g`irkx 5 o eoskrl`dcghp`ghco'R`dohckgor icrkx g`irkx `g r`dohcg l`~kbdohcg'
Irp~kx xkhcod`x X` hp`g|o hkg kriogczohcg xkhcod$ |c~k l`irp~kx xkhcod`x$ hdpb`x$ ~or|clkx$ hdpdox$irp~kx l` d`h|pro$ |`o|rk$ excho$ l`~kr|`$hkec|x$ l`d`iohcg$ box` ho|dchkx'
O eoskr kriogczohcg xkhcod$ e`gkrl`dcghp`ghco'Bojo kriogczohcg xkhcod5od|o l`dcghp`ghco'Hpog|cachor kriogczohckg`x s r`dohckgordox~kr |k|od l` ~kbdohcg'
@x~ohckx l`|`rckrolkx \k|od l` bodlkx$ hoxox oboglkgolox$|`rr`gkx hkg eod`zo$ horrkx%hmo|orro'
O eoskr `x~ohckx l`|`rckrolkx$ eoskrl`dcghp`ghco' Hdoxcachor ~kr ge`rk l` r`ox'
@x|` hrph` l` qorcobd`x s ho|`ikrox gkx x`odog dkx ~`racd`x xkhckl`ekirachkx l` dkx
oh|kr`x l`d l`dc|k ` cgx`iprclol$ dkx hpod`x l`b`rg l` hkg|`g`r pgo hdoxcachohcg acgo l`d |c~k l`
l`dc|k$ ~`rk `g r`dohcg l` xp hkglchcg dobkrod$ l` cgir`xk$ `lol$ ~`r|`g`ghco o irp~kx xkhcod`x sl` krci`g hkeg' Dkx pebrod`x x`rg dox lcx|oghcox l` dkx hpolrog|`x `g dkx rogikx l` dkx xcigkx
~kxc|cqkx s g`io|cqkx'
Ekl`dk l` e`lchcg xkhckl`ekiracho s hke~kxchcg l`d l`dc|k
Lcachpd|ol`x l` dox ap`g|`x l` cgakreohcg s l`acgchcg l` l`dc|k
Ogodczor `d hke~kr|oec`g|k l`d l`dc|k s xpx aoh|kr`x i`g`rolkr`x l` qckd`ghco$ `x pgo l` dox
oh|cqclol`x hc`g|achox p` |c`g`g irogl`x orcx|ox s lcq`rxox |`e|chox$ ox hkek `x pg |`eo l` irog
oh|podclol' Od cipod p` dox hc`ghcox xkhcod`x$ od oxpecrx` l`|`recgolkx ekl`dkx l` ogdcxcx s
`dobkrohcg l` ho|`ikrox$ x` qog l`acgc`glk `xhp`dox s hkrrc`g|`x l`d ~`gxoec`g|k'
Dk hc`r|k `x p` mks dkx ~pg|kx l` ~or|clo xkg hkepg`x$ `g |og|k x` pbchog `g do qclo xkhcod
hkg hkglph|ox |c~cacholox obx|roh|oe`g|` hkek l`dc|k ~kr dox cgx|c|phckg`x jplchcod`x s p` `x
-
7/23/2019 Metodologa para el estudio social de la delincuencia y la violencia
7/27
|keolo hkek hrcecgodclol r`od$ opg o ~`xor l` |`g`r pg pebrod `x|olx|chk' Ce~dcho p` `x|kx
r`icx|rkx l`d l`dc|k xkg op`ddkx p` xkg l`|`recgolkx ~kr dox oi`ghcox ipb`rgoe`g|od`x?'
@x|kx r`icx|rkx xkg op`ddkx p` mog xclk l`gpghcolkx ~kr dox qh|ceox og|` dox kachcgox$
cgx|c|phckg`x s ~rkh`lcec`g|kx `x|obd`hclkx$ s xkg cg|`irolkx dkx `d`e`g|kx l` m`hmkx
~r`xpg|oe`g|` l`dch|pkxkx s l`g|rk l` pg `xp`eo l` gkreox s d`s`x ~d`goe`g|` r`hkgkhclox s
xoghckgolox `g `xp`eox l` hox|cikx' @x|k gkx i`g`ro lkx gcq`d`x l` do cgakreohcg$ pgo
hrcecgodclol o~or`g|` s pgo r`od' @x|` pebrod odipgkx op|kr`x dk x`odog hkek hrcecgodclol
xpe`riclo2'
Do o~`r|pro l` gp`qkx e|klkx ~oro `d lcx`olk l` lo|kx s r`icx|rolkx o ~or|cr l` ~rkh`xkx
kachcod`x s gk kachcod`x$ xkg bxchkx ~oro e`jkror `d hkgkhcec`g|k l` do r`odclol l` l`dc|k$ s ox
oh`rhorgkx o do lcgecho$ hoebck$ `x|rph|pro s `qkdphcg l` do hrcecgodclol r`od k l`dc|k$ l`g|rk l`
r`ox |`e~krod`x s x`ie`g|kx l` do r`odclol xkhcod8
'Dkx lcq`rxkx `x|plckx xkbr` `d l`dc|k$ `d hrce`g s xpx akreox l` ~r`q`ghcg mog hkcghclclk `g
p` dkx ~rkh`xkx xkhcod`x s `hkgechkx xkg l`|`recgog|`x `g do hke~kxchcg l` `x|` |c~k l`
a`ge`gkx' @d l`x`e~d`k$ do l`xcg|`irohcg xkhcod$ `d l`|`rckrk `g dox r`dohckg`x ~kd|chox$ `d
`e~`kroec`g|k l` dkx x`rqchckx prbogkx s r`lphhcg l` do hodclol l` qclo hopxo arpx|rohcg s
l`x`x~`rohcg$ `x~`hcode`g|` `g|r` dkx irp~kx `hkgecho s xkhcode`g|` l`xaoqkr`hclkx$ s `x|k x`
l`rcqo mohco `d l`|`rckrk l`d |`jclk xkhcod$ `d hpod hkgx|c|ps` dox hkglchckg`x l`xaoqkrobd`x p`
hopxog pg hke~kr|oec`g|k l`dch|cqk'
@d ope`g|k l` do ~kbr`zo s do l`xcipodlol xp~kg` aoh|kr`x l`|`recgog|`x `g `d ope`g|k l` do
l`dcghp`ghco' L` `x|o akreo dox oh|cqclol`x apgloe`g|od`x l` do cgq`x|ciohcg l`b` `x|or
`ghoecgolo mohco e`jkror `d hkgkhcec`g|k l` do cg|`rohhcg `g|r` do l`dcghp`ghco$ do `hkgkeo$ do
lcx|rcbphcg l` do rcp`zo$ xp r`glcec`g|k s do hkm`xcg xkhcod' @x|kx `x|plckx ~p`l`g oe~dcorx` s
r`l`acgcr xpx e`|klkdkiox s dkiror moddozikx xkbr` dkx ~`racd`x s dox hkgx`hp`ghcox l` do ohhcg l`
?Xkzzk E}cek' Hkg|oglk `d l`dc|k; Ogdcxcx hr|chk s hke~oro|cqk l` dox `ghp`x|ox l` qch|ceczohcg `g Ori`g|cgo' @g
Hor|o~ohck G 0' ' Pgcq`rxclol L`d Dc|krod' Bp`gkx Ocr`x'2>>8 m||~:yyy'hrcecgkdkico'g`|'8^oqorcgc x`od od r`x~`h|k p`: "@x|ox lcachpd|ol`x gk l`b`g cglphcrgkx o pg `xh`~|chcxek hrcecgkdichk$ hkek xc gkx`ghkg|rroekx ar`g|` o pgo r`odclol kg|kdichoe`g|` cghkigkxhcbd`' L`b`g xkdk hkgq`gh`rgkx s oreorgkx l` xog|o~ohc`ghco s l` `}|r`eo ~rpl`ghco' Ox$ `g do hke~orohcg l`|oddolo l` lcq`rxox ap`g|`x % `x|olx|cho l` do hrcecgodclol$l` do l`dch|pkxclol s qch|cekdicho xc bc`g gk ~oro |klkx dkx oh|kx hrcecgod`x$ xc ~oro aoecdcox l`acgclox$ `x ~kxcbd`hkgq`gcr xkbr` odipgox |`gl`ghcox l` akglk' S so `x|k r`xpd|o ce~kr|og|`' ^oqorcgc$ Eoxxcek: @d gp`qk epglk l`dhkg|rkd xkhcod$ `g ^oqorcgc$ Eoxxcek: % ^`ikrork$ Jpog: @d Hkg|rkd Xkhcod `g `d Acg l` Xcidk$ Aohpd|ol l` Hc`ghcoxXkhcod`x % P'B'O'$ Bp`gkx Ocr`x$ ?330b$ ~~' ?8%98'
-
7/23/2019 Metodologa para el estudio social de la delincuencia y la violencia
8/27
do l`dcghp`ghco$ ox hkek e`lcr s hkgkh`r xpx cg|`rohhckg`x hkg k|rox qorcobd`x' @g ~or|` `x|kx
`x|plckx opg gk orrkjog irogl`x r`xpd|olkx `g ~or|` ~krp` opg gk mos ~d`gk ohp`rlk xkbr` dkx
aoh|kr`x p` l`|`recgog `d l`dc|k gc xp ce~kr|oghco r`do|cqo'
@g do d|ceo lholo x` mog l`xorrkddolk lcq`rxkx `x|plckx ` cgq`x|ciohckg`x$ `g do hpod x` mog
akr|od`hclk r`ox l` xkhckdkio$ `hkgkeo s og|rk~kdkio hrcecgkdicho$ |ro|olk l` cl`g|cachor dkx
aoh|kr`x l`|`recgog|`x ex ce~kr|og|`x s dox hkgx`hp`ghcox l` do l`dcghp`ghco?
-
7/23/2019 Metodologa para el estudio social de la delincuencia y la violencia
9/27
cgir`xkx d`iod`x s ope`g|og dkx cgh`g|cqkx ~oro hke`|`r l`dc|kx$ l`bclk o do ~r`x`ghco l` kbj`|cqkx
dphro|cqkx' Bojk `x|kx `d`e`g|kx$ x` lcx`og cglcholkr`x `e~rchkx `hkgechkx$ s do |`krox l` do
l`dcghp`ghco `x r`dohckgolo hkg "rcp`zo" -o e`gplk$ e`lclk ~kr `d ^CB ~`r h~c|o#$ dk p` ~klro
hpbrcr |og|k dkx iox|kx d`iod`x l` dox k~kr|pgclol`x l` cgir`xkx s dox k~kr|pgclol`x l` cgir`xk cd`iod
-`x l`hcr$ kbj`|cqkx ~k|`ghcod`x#$ do lcxpoxcg -hdork l` dox |oxox$ dox |oxox l` hkgl`go$ do akreo s
iroq`lol l` hox|cik# s l` l`xcipodlol -hk`achc`g|`x l` Icgc$ ~kr `j`e~dk#'
Do |oxo l` l`x`e~d`k k xpb`e~d`k xkg k|rox l` dox qorcobd`x ~r`x`g|`x `g dox cgq`x|ciohckg`x
`e~rchox l`d ekl`dk l` do l`dcghp`ghco `hkgecho$ p` xkg e`lclox p` gk x` hkg|`e~dog `g do
dobkr jprlcho$ s$ ~kr |og|k$ hor`h`g l` k~kr|pgclol`x l` cgir`xkx d`iod`x'
@x|` ekl`dk lcx`o qorcobd`x ` cglcholkr`x p` ~p`log x`r k~`rohckgodczolkx `g lo|kx$ dkx
hpod`x o xp q`z x` hkdkhog l`g|rk l` l`|`recgolk rogik$ p` qo l` - o -%#$ s dkiro l`acgcr pgo
eo|rcz l` lcq`rxox `g|rolox p` log hp`g|o l` dox k~kr|pgclol`x l` do ohhcg xkhcod `g|r` dk d`iod `cd`iod `g r`dohcg l` dox k~kr|pgclol`x l`d cgir`xk'
L` `x|o akreo x` ~p`l` r`dohckgor ~kbr`zo$ cg`pclol$ x`iprclol xkhcod$ xodorckx$ hodclol l`d
`e~d`k$ gcq`d l` `xhkdorclol$ `x|o|px khp~ohckgod l` dkx r`xcl`g|`x$ ~or|chc~ohcg l` do ap`rzo dobkrod
a`e`gcgo$ `achc`ghco l` do ~kdcho$ xkdphcg l` hoxkx$ ekqcdclol cg|`rgo$ `|gchclol$ l`xcg|`irohcg l`
do aoecdco$ mohcgoec`g|k$ prbogczohcg$ r`l`x l` oecx|ol$ xkhcodczohcg s ~or|chc~ohcg `g
kriogczohckg`x xkhcod`x hkepgc|orcox$ hkg|rkd cgx|c|phckgod$ r`dcickxclol$ |rogx~kr|` ~bdchk$
g`ikhckx ~bdchkx l` `x~orhcec`g|k s khck$ hdceo -oebc`g|` hodprkxk#$ ge`rk l` mkrox l` dpz `g `d
lo$ hkgxpek l` e`lckx$ `lol$ ig`rk$ irp~kx s rogikx l` `lol$ dkx hpod`x o xp q`z p`log l`g|rk
l` qorcobd`x ex oe~dcox hkek `hkgechox$ l`ekirachox$ e`rholk dobkrod$ hkm`xcg xkhcod$
cgaro`x|rph|pro$ oebc`g|`$ hkg|rkd l` do ~kbdohcg'
@d ekl`dk l` do @hkgkeo l` do L`dcghp`ghco
@x|` ekl`dk x` mo hkgaciprolk `g dox d|ceox |r`x lholox$ hkg pgo krc`g|ohcg mohco do
`hkgkeo l` do l`dcghp`ghco$ s mo kar`hclk pg gp`qk hoe~k ~oro do cgq`x|ciohcg$ xkbr` |klk hkg
box` o do r`x~p`x|o p` mog lolk dkx hc`g|achkx s lcq`rxkx |robojkx `e~rchkx `g x`g|clk l`d ope`g|k
l` oh|cqclol`x l`dch|cqox `g ephmkx ~ox`x khhcl`g|od`x' @x|kx `x|plckx `e~rchkx x` mog r`odczolk`g
lcq`rxkx ~ox`x hkek @x|olkx Pgclkx -@mrdchm$ ?398$ Ar``eog$ ?3316 IDO@X@R$ ?333$ Irkii`r$
?330 s ?33=6 Dkhmg`r$ 2>>>># $ opgp` `g
dkx d|cekx hcghk okx pg ge`rk hr`hc`g|` l` |robojkx ogodczo dkx aoh|kr`x l`|`recgog|`x l` do
-
7/23/2019 Metodologa para el estudio social de la delincuencia y la violencia
10/27
l`dcghp`ghco l` ~ox`x `prk~`kx hkek Od`eogco -@g|kra s X~`gi`r$ 2>>># ` C|odco -Eorx`ddc s
Qoggcgc$ ?339$ s Bpkgoggk D`kgclo$ 2>>0# k ~oro ~ox`x l` Oercho Do|cgo ~ox`x: Hkdkebco
-Ioqcrco$ 2>>># k Ori`g|cgo -Iorh`||`$ 2>>$ dkx |robojkx l` B`hf`r hr`og pg gp`qk hoe~k l`
cgq`x|ciohcg `e~rcho$ hpsk kbj`|cqk ~rcghc~od `x hke~rkbor s `x|plcor dox qorcobd`x
xkhck`hkgechox p` oa`h|og o do l`dcghp`ghco' Do `hkgkeo l` do l`dcghp`ghco s do cg|`rohhcg hkg
lca`r`g|`x hoe~kx m`|`rkig`kx -`x l`hcr$ do xkhckdkio$ do hrcecgkdkio$ do ~xchkdkio$ do i`kiroao s
do l`ekiroao# s p` `x| `x|r`hmoe`g|` r`dohckgolo hkg do ~kbr`zo$ do `}hdpxcg xkhcod$ dkx xodorckx
s do l`xcipodlol l` cgir`xkx$ hpd|prod s aoecdcor$ gcq`d l` `lphohcg s k|rkx aoh|kr`x
xkhckl`ekirachkx s `hkgechkx p` ~p`l`g oa`h|or do ~rk~`gxcg cglcqclpod o do hkecxcg l`
l`dc|kx |od`x hkek do `lol$ `d ig`rk s do prbogczohcg'
@x|kx `x|plckx mog cghdpclk dox hkgx`hp`ghcox `hkgechox$ `g x`g|clk l`d lr`g` l` r`hprxkx
`g dkx mkior`x' X` mo `ghkg|rolk p` hc`r|kx mkior`x hkg eoskr cgir`xk xkg hcghk q`h`x ex
x`gxcbd`x p` `d l` dkx ~kbr`x$ s dkx mkior`x hkg gckx |c`g`g `d lkbd` l` x`gxcbd` p` dox xcg mcjkx'
@x|ox `x|ceohckg`x l` dkx hkx|kx l`rcqolkx l` do ohhcg l` do l`dcghp`ghco |c`g`g lcachpd|ol`x ~oro
hpog|cachorx`' So p` gk xdk cghdps`g dox ~rlclox l` bc`g`x$ iox|kx elchkx s ~oik l` ~rlclox ~kr
d`xckg`x' \oebcg ce~dcho iox|kx cg|ogicbd`x l`rcqolkx l` dkx `xap`rzkx ~bdchkx s ~rcqolkx$
1Cl`g|cascgi |m` xkhck`hkgkech l`|`recgog|x ka hrce` ohrkxx x~ogcxm ~rkqcgh`x' ^okdk Bpkgoggk' L`~or|e`g| ka@hkgkech X|plc`x' Pgcq`rxc|s ka B`rioek C|ods Logc`d Ekg|kdck' @g lkhpe`g|x l` |r`bodd l` do aohpd|o| l` hcghc`x`hkgecp`x c e~r`xorcodx hkdd`hhc l`hkgkeco' ~~'22'9 K~' Hc|' ^i'9'
-
7/23/2019 Metodologa para el estudio social de la delincuencia y la violencia
11/27
cglcqclpod`x ` cgx|c|phckgod`x ~oro `qc|or s r`lphcr dkx glch`x l` l`dcghp`ghco$ jpg|k o dkx iox|kx l`d
xcx|`eo l` ~rkhprohcg l` jpx|chco' @x|kx hkx|kx xkg ex hke~d`jkx hkek dkx r`xpd|og|`x l` qclox
loolox s l` pgo aod|o l` ~d`go ~or|chc~ohcg `g do qclo o hopxo l` |`ekr o do l`dcghp`ghco'
Xcg `eborik$ dox `x|ceohckg`x l`d hkx|k l` do l`dcghp`ghco$ opg hpoglk r`~r`x`g|og l`
eog`ro o~rk}ceolo dkx qodkr`x$ xkg cglcx~`gxobd`x ~oro pg pxk `achc`g|` l` do ~kd|cho ~bdcho'
Pg ekl`dk o~rk}ceolk hkg ~`racd`x xkhckl`ekirachkx
Pgk l` dkx `x|plckx p` x` mo hkgq`r|clk `g pgo r`a`r`ghco ce~kr|og|` ~oro ~kx|`rckr`x
|robojkx s r`odczolk bojk `x|` ekl`dk ap` `dobkrolk ~kr Mkrx| @g|kra s Mogg`x X~`gid`r$ dkx hpod`x
od acgod`x l` do lholo l`d gkq`g|o -Od`eogco$ 2>>># l`ekx|rorkg do r`dohcg `g|r` `d
hke~kr|oec`g|k l` do l`dcghp`ghco `g r`dohcg l` qorcobd`x xkhckl`ekirachox$ xkhcod`x s
`hkgechox' Dkx ~pg|kx l` ~or|clox ap`rkg ~kr l`ex cg|`r`xog|`x=:
?# X` `dobkro pg `x|plck hke~oro|cqk o ~or|cr l` hkgjpg|or lo|kx l` lkx `x~ohckx s hkg `}~`rc`ghcoxlca`r`g|`x `g zkgox ~khk ~kbdolox s `g r`ox l`acgclox'
2# X` `x|obd`h` pgo r`dohcg `g|r` `d l`x`e~d`k hkek aoh|kr oiroqor do ~rkbobcdclol l` `x|or `g pg
irp~k l` jq`g`x hkg `x~ohck l` xkhcodczohcg$ l`acgclkx hkek cg|`rohhckg`x xkhcod`x ~`dcirkxox$ s
hkg `ddk x` hodhpdo p` `d ce~oh|k l` x`r jkq`g s l`x`e~d`olkx'
8# Dkx `x~ohckx xkhcod`x s l` xkhcodczohcg `x|g l`acgclkx ~kr `xox ~rkbobcdclol`x l` rc`xik$ ~kr dk
hpod dkx aoh|kr`x l`ekirachkx hkek do prbogczohcg s do l`gxclol l` ~kbdohcg |c`g` `a`h|kx
lcr`h|kx' O `x|k x` oir`io pg cglcholkr bxchk xkbr` do ~kbdohcg l` krci`g s dkx cgecirog|`x' ^oro
l`acgcr `d oripe`g|k `e~rchk l` p` `d ge`rk l` `}|rogj`rkx `x r`x~kgxobd` l` do hr`hc`g|` |oxox
l` l`dcghp`ghco'
-
7/23/2019 Metodologa para el estudio social de la delincuencia y la violencia
12/27
9# Do mc~|`xcx ~rcghc~od `x do r`dohcg `g|r` `d hrce`g xkbr` do ~rk~c`lol `g r`dohcg hkg|ro do
~`rxkgo' So p` dkx cglcholkr`x odipgkx cglcholkr`x hkrr`x~kgl`g ex o do ~rk~c`lol$ ~p`x op`ddkx
~oro do ~`rxkgo xkg ex hke~d`jkx' ^oro `d hoxk l` r`dohckgordkx hkg do ~rk~c`lol `x lcr`h|o mohco `d
hke~kr|oec`g|k l` dox |oxox l` l`dcghp`ghco$ `g |og|k x` ~p`l` |`g`r hdork dkx dec|`x l` dk d`iod `
cd`iod s dox `x|ceohckg`x l` k~kr|pgclol`x l` cgir`xk l` dkx l`dcghp`g|`x' L` `x|o akreo x` ~p`l`
`x|obd`h`r p` dkx r`xpd|olkx boxolkx `g do r`g|o ep`x|rog p` pgo hr`hc`g|` br`hmo l` cgir`xkx hkg
r`x~`h|k o r`ickg`x ex rchox$ ope`g|o do ~rkbobcdclol l` pg hke~kr|oec`g|k l`dch|cqk'
^kr dk |og|k$ do l`xcipodlol ~or`h` x`r pg aoh|kr ce~kr|og|` l` do l`dcghp`ghco' @g |og|k dkx
aoh|kr`x l`ekirachkx r`q`dog pgo cgadp`ghco xcigcacho|cqo' @x|k `x opg ex `qcl`g|` od r`qcxor do
dc|`ro|pro l`d |`eo$ hpgolk x` kbx`rqog glch`x ex od|kx l` l`dcghp`ghco `g zkgox eps prbogczolox'
O xp q`z `x|kx gkx orrkjog k|rk `d`e`g|k$ hkgacreog do ohhcg l` do qorcobd` l`d l`x`e~d`k' S dk
ex ce~kr|og|` `x x`r jkq`g s l`x`e~d`olk$ ~p`x ope`g|o do ~rkbobcdclol l` hke`|`r l`dc|kx' @dxpx|`g|k xkhcod x` r`dohckgo hkg dkx `x~ohckx hk|clcogkx xkhcod`x$ so p` x` oe~dog dox
~rkbobcdclol`x l` cg|`rohhcg xkhcod ~oro ohh`l`r o pg irp~k hkg cg|`rohhckg`x xkhcod`x
~`rjplchcod`x'
Od ogodczor do r`dohcg hkg do ~kbdohcg cgecirog|` ` cg|`r~r`|or dkx lo|kx `g do ~or|chc~ohcg
l` l`dc|kx do eoskro l` dkx `x|plckx dkx r`dohckgog hkg l`dc|kx xkbr` do ~rk~c`lol `g ~or|chpdor `d
rkbk' ^`rk ~oro |klkx dkx l`ex |c~kx l` l`dc|kx$ `d `a`h|k gk `x hdork k cgxcigcachog|` ?>' Xcg
`eborik dk ce~kr|og|` `g `x|` ox~`h|k ep`x|ro p` dox lca`r`ghcox r`idoe`g|orcox l` gkreox s
hox|cikx xkg pg aoh|kr apgloe`g|od ~oro l`dcgpcr$ k od e`gkx `x ~or|` l` do box` l`d xpj`|k ~oro
l`hcr xp ohhcg' Ox hkek xkg ~or|` l` pg hdhpdk ~kxcbd`e`g|`$ ~oro do ~`rx`hphcg l` do
l`dcghp`ghco s do olecgcx|rohcg$ xkbr` |klk xc`x|o |c`g` pgo kriogczolk cg`achc`g|`' L` cipod akreo
`d |roxdolorx` o k|rkx `x~ohckx olecgcx|ro|cqkx$ ~kd|chkx k xkhcod`x xkg aoh|kr`x p` cghc|og od xpj`|k
o eoskr qckdohcg l` dox gkreox xkhcod`x'
Dkx ekl`dkx ~oro E}chk
ecgceczohcg l` hkx|kx$ `g do p` x` moh` pg ogdcxcx l` hkx|kx l` k~kr|pgclol xpx|`g|glkx` hkg do cgakreohcg p` x`|`gio o eogk$ o do q`z p` ohk|olk ~kr do r`odclol l`d hke~kr|oec`g|k l` do ~rkhprohcg l` jpx|chco$ do `achc`ghco l` doxcgx|c|phckg`x s dox ~rkbobcdclol`x l`d hox|cik'?>Xkhck%`hkgkech ogl l`ekiro~mch aoh|krx ka hrce` cg I`reogs: @qcl`gh` arke ~og`d lo|o ka |m` I`reog X|o|`x Mkrx|@g|kra ogl Mogg`x X~`gid`r' Pgcq`rxc|| Eoggm`ce$ I`reogs ogl Pgcq`rxc|| Yrzbpri$ I`reogs' Z`g|rpe ar@prk~cxhm` Ycr|xhmoa|xakrxhmpgi -Z@Y#$ I`reogs A`brpors ?33= -|mcx q`rxckg: 2> O~rcd ?33=# Mkrx| @g|kraPgcq`rxc|| Yrzbpri$ Cgx|c|p| ar Qkdfxycr|xhmoa|xd`mr`$ Xogl`rrcgi 2$ 39>9> Yrzbpri$ I`reogs
-
7/23/2019 Metodologa para el estudio social de la delincuencia y la violencia
13/27
Dox Cgx|c|phckg`x
^oro `d hoxk l` E}chk$ dkx `x|plckx xkbr` `d l`dc|k mog `x|olk h`g|rolkx `g `d d`qog|oec`g|k
l` lo|kx s `d lcx`k s d`qog|oec`g|k l` `ghp`x|ox' \og|k ~kr dox cgx|c|phckg`x kachcod`x -CG@IC$
Hkgo~k%Hkecxcg Gohckgod l` ^kbdohcg$ X@L@XKD# hkek ~kr oxkhcohckg`x hcqcd`x -Cgx|c|p|k
Hcplologk l` @x|plckx xkbr` Cgx`iprclol O'H'#' Dkx lo|kx l` pgkx qog `g x`g|clk l` r`icx|rkx
`ec|clkx ~kr cgx|c|phckg`x l` ^rkhprolpro I`g`rod l` Jpx|chco l` dkx @x|olk$ `g xp Lcr`hhcg l`
Cgakre|cho$ @x|olx|cho s \`d`hkepgchohckg`x s `g ^rkhprolpro I`g`rod l` do R`~bdcho$
Lcr`hhcg I`g`rod l` ^dog`ohcg ` Cggkqohcg Cgx|c|phckgod s do Lcr`hhcg l` @x|olx|cho$ dkx hpod`x
xkg r`icx|rkx l` l`gpghcox$ krl`g`x l` o~r`m`gxcg$ x`g|`ghcolkx$ hkgxcigolkx$ ho~ohclol ` cg|`rgkx
`g hrh`d`x$ e`gkr`x cgaroh|kr`x s ohhcl`g|`x `g|r` k|rkx'
Dox Kriogczohckg`x Hcqcd`x
@g hpog|k o dox oxkhcohckg`x hcqcd`x x` mog lcx`olk s o~dcholk lcq`rxox `ghp`x|ox gohckgod`xxkbr` cgx`iprclol$ dox hpod`x x` boxog `g `x|glor`x cg|`rgohckgod`x s e|klkx ~rk~p`x|kx ~kr do
KGP' @x|` |c~k l` `ghp`x|ox x` mo r`odczolk l`xl` `d ok 2>>2 s oh|pode`g|` `x| `g do pcg|o
`lchcg' X` r`odczo o gcq`d`x gohckgod `g ex l` '?2 Q`r dkx `d`e`g|kx x`odolkx g yyy'ch`xc'kri'e}+`x|olcx|chox+`x|olcx|chox'ox~' E}chk' a`br`rk l` 2>>3'
-
7/23/2019 Metodologa para el estudio social de la delincuencia y la violencia
14/27
\robojkx l` cgq`x|ciohcg `g `d `x|olk l` Mclodik
L`xorrkddk l`d ekl`dk
^oro `d `x|olk l` Mclodik x` |c`g` pg ~rkh`xk ce~kr|og|` l` cgq`x|ciohcg s lcx`k
cgx|c|phckgod$ `d hpod l`b` hkghdpcr hkg `d ^dog R`h|kr ~oro do ^r`q`ghcg l`d L`dc|k' Mox|o `d
eke`g|k x` |c`g` pgo box` l` lo|kx ce~kr|og|`x s r`xpd|olkx ~orhcod`x l` do cgq`x|ciohcg$ do
~rce`ro @ghp`x|o @x|o|od l` Qch|ceczohcg$ do @ghp`x|o Hcplologo r`odczolo ~kr `d ^kl`r Jplchcod
l`d @x|olk l` Mclodik$ @d ~`racd l` do L`dcghp`ghco `g `d Lcx|rc|k Jplchcod l`d ^ohmpho l` Xk|k$
@x|olk l` Mclodik ?3=?%2>>> `x|plck l` hoxk$ @x|plck l` hoxk xkbr` do Cghcl`ghco L`dch|cqo `g `d
Lcx|rc|k Jplchcod l` ^ohmpho -?3=?%2>>># s `d Ogporck @x|olx|chk Jplchcod 2>>9 l`d ^kl`r Jplchcod
l`d @x|olk l` Mclodik s \rcbpgod Xp~`rckr l` Jpx|chco$ l` dkx hpod`x x` xcip`g ~pbdchoglk
ogpode`g|` ~`rk hkg hc`r|k r`|roxk?8
'
@x|` |c~k l` `x|plckx x` mog r`odczolk bojk pg ekl`dk l` qch|ceczohcg hkg xpx|`g|k
lkhpe`g|olk `g orhmcqkx jplchcod`x$ `ghp`x|ox `x|rph|prolox s `g|r`qcx|ox o cgakreog|`x
`x~`hcodczolkx'
@g do xcipc`g|` `|o~o x` `x| o~dchoglk pg ekl`dk p` ~or|` l` lkx ~dogkx$ `d
xkhckl`ekirachk s `d l`d ~`racd l`d l`dc|k$ dkx hpod`x x` l`rcqorg mohco pg lcx`k l` irogl`x `j`x
~oro `d lcx`k l` ohhckg`x p` oh|`g `g akreo akhodczolo xkbr` dox qorcobd`x l` eoskr rogik'
Box` hkgh`~|pod l` do ohhcg xkhcod s `d l`dc|k
Od r`dohckgor do hke~kxchcg xkhckl`ekiracho l` do ~kbdohcg hkg dox horoh|`rx|chox l`d
l`dc|k gkx ~kxcbcdc|o `ghkg|ror dkx pebrod`x `g|r` pg `x|olk cl`od l` qclo ~oro dkx xpj`|kx s dox
hkglchckg`x rohckgod`x s kbj`|cqox `g dox p` odipgkx cglcqclpkx l`hcl`g hkgq`r|crx` `g
l`dcghp`g|`x$ x`ig dox r`hke~`gxox acgoghc`rox -p` x` hkgqc`r|`g `g dox opx`ghcox `hkgechox s
hkglchcg xkhcod#$ ox hkek `d oir`iolk l` do ~rkbobcdclol l` o~r`m`gxcg s hkgqchhcg$ s do
iroq`lol l` do ~kxcbd` ~`go'
?8 \klox `x|ox ~pbdchohckg`x x` mog ~rklphclk o ~or|cr l`d ~rks`h|k l` cgq`x|ciohcg: ^rks`h|k ~oro do @dobkrohcg l`pg ^dog R`h|kr ~oro do ^r`q`ghcg l`d l`dc|k `g `d `x|olk l` Mclodik$ l` Akglkx Ec}|kx l` HKGOHS\ `g Mclodik-Akec}%Hkhs|`m#' Cgx|c|p|k l` ^rka`xckgodczohcg ` Cgq`x|ciohckg`x Jprlchox l`d ^kl`r Jplchcod l`d @x|olk l` Mclodik$R`icx|rk 98>9' Hkgx`jk l` do Jplcho|pro l`d ^kl`r Jplchcod l`d `x|olk l` Mclodik$ Hkecxcg l`Cgq`x|ciohcg s @x|plckx Jprlchkx' R@GC@HS\%2>>9+'
-
7/23/2019 Metodologa para el estudio social de la delincuencia y la violencia
15/27
Dkx hpod`x ~p`l`g x`r dkhodczolkx l`g|rk l` pg ~dogk l` hkrr`dohckg`x ~kxc|cqox s g`io|cqox$
~oro `d hoxk |c`g` p` x`r o |roqx l` ekl`dkx `x|olx|chkx s box`x l` lo|kx l` holo lcoigx|chk' @x|`
hrph` |oebcg x` ~p`l` r`odczor o |roqx l` ho|`ikrox hpodc|o|cqox p` l`acg`g do hke~kxchcg l` do
hkm`xcg xkhcod'
@x|` hrph` l` qorcobd`x s ho|`ikrox gkx x`odog dkx ~`racd`x xkhckl`ekirachkx l` dkx oh|kr`x
l`d l`dc|k$ dkx hpod`x l`b`rg l` hkg|`g`r pgo hdoxcachohcg acgo l`d |c~k l` l`dc|k$ ~`rk `g r`dohcg
l` xp hkglchcg dobkrod$ l` cgir`xk$ `lol$ ~`r|`g`ghco o irp~kx xkhcod`x s l` krci`g hkeg' S `g
`x|` hoxk pgo hkrr`dohcg `x op`d ~rkh`xk l` r`dohcg l` lo|kx `g do hpod pgo qorcobd` ~p`l`
`}~dchor o k|ro' Dkx pebrod`x x`rg dox lcx|oghcox l` dkx hpolrog|`x `g dkx rogikx l` dkx xcigkx
~kxc|cqkx s g`io|cqkx'
Pebrod`x `g dox `xhodox s dkhodczohcg l` ~pg|kx hr|chkx
L?
L2
HKRR@DOHCKG@X L@ LCOIGX\CHKXQORCOBD@X
XKHCKL@EKIRACHOX
QORCOBD@X_P
@L@\@RECGOG
@DL@DC\K
^`racd`x ~k|`ghcod`xl` od|o cghcl`ghco od
l`dc|k
^`racd`x ~k|`ghcod`xl` bojo cghcl`ghco od
l`dc|k
HPOLROG\@XHPODC\O\CQKX
&+%
%+%
&+&
%+&
ROGIK-HO\@IKRO#
@xhodo
Ojpx|`
Hepdkx l` lo|kx
L?
L2
HKRR@DOHCKG@X L@ LCOIGX\CHKXQORCOBD@X
XKHCKL@EKIRACHOX
QORCOBD@X_P
@L@\@RECGOG
@DL@DC\K
^`racd`x ~k|`ghcod`xl` od|o cghcl`ghco od
l`dc|k
^`racd`x ~k|`ghcod`xl` bojo cghcl`ghco od
l`dc|k
HPOLROG\@XHPODC\O\CQKX
&+%
%+%
&+&
%+&
ROGIK-HO\@IKRO#
@xhodo
Ojpx|`
Hepdkx l` lo|kx
-
7/23/2019 Metodologa para el estudio social de la delincuencia y la violencia
16/27
Bojk pg `xp`eo l` r`hprxkx dcec|olkx s pg ~dog l` rohckgodczohcg `g x`g|clk l`
eo}ceczohcg l` b`g`achck s ecgceczohcg l` hkx|kx `ghkg|ror`ekx dkx x`h|kr`x iroq`x$ p` x`rg
~pg|kx l` ~or|clo ~oro `d lcx`k l` ~dog`x l` ohhcg ` cgq`rxcg ~bdcho$ p` o xp q`z x` hkgqc`r|`g
`g `j`x l` ohhckg`x s ~dog`x l` cg|`rq`ghcg' @g `x|` hoxk ~or|c`glk l`d hdhpdk `hkgechk p` moh`
`d xpj`|k lcx~p`x|k o l`dcgpcr x` cghdpcrg do `achc`ghco l` dox cgx|c|phckg`x$ p` `x do ~rkbobcdclol l`
dkx hkx|kx l`d hox|cik$ cghdps`glk do ~rk~co oh|podczohcg l` d`s`x s xp r`dohcg hkg do r`odclol
xkhcod' @g |og|k do ohhcg xkbr` irp~kx l` `lol x`r hkg box` `g dkx gcq`d`x l` cgir`xk$ l`x`e~d`k s
~`racd l` `lol lkecgog|` l` do l`dcghp`ghco s xp r`dohcg hkg `x~ohckx l` xkhcobcdclol'
Ekl`dk xkhckl`ekirachk l` qorcobd`x ~oro e`lcr do hke~kxchcg dkhod l` do l`dcghp`ghco
Hkg box` o dkx ~dog|`oec`g|kx og|`rckr`x l` horh|`r |`rchk$ `d ekl`dk l`b` l` moh`rx` k~`ro|cqk o
~or|cr l` pgo eo|rcz l` qorcobd`x p` ~p`lo `x|obd`h`r pgo `xhodo s ~kl`r e`lcr l`|`recgoloxhoroh|`rx|chox l` do ~kbdohcg$ ox hkek pbchordkx l`g|rk l` hc`r|k gcq`d l` ho|`ikrox'
QORCOBD@ CGLCHOLKR\C^K L@
QORCOBD@CGLCH@
L`xorrkddk Cgir`xk E`lck Aoecdcor^CB ~`r H~c|o Aoecdcor
@hkgechk O ~or|cr l`d cgir`xk aoecdcor l`|`recgor dohke~kxchcg l` mkior`x `g box` o xodorckxegcekx^or|chc~ohcg l` dox aoecdcox `g do lcx|rcbphcg l`do ~rklphhcg dkhod'
^kbr`zo ^krh`g|oj` l` ~kbdohcg o gcq`d
Epgchc~od l`bojk l` do dg`o l`~kbr`zoLcx|rcbphcg epgchc~od g Eo~oxl` ~kbr`zoGcq`d l` eoricgohcg epgchc~odGcq`d l` L`xorrkddk Xkhcodepgchc~odEkr|odclol cgaog|cdEkr|odclol eo|`rgo@x~`rogzo l` qcloMohcgoec`g|kGe`rk l` mobc|og|`x e`gkr x l`?= okx p` qcq`g `g do qcqc`glo
-l`~`glc`g|`x `hkgechkx `g `dmkior#Hke~kxchcg l`d l`x`e~d`k\k|od l` mkior`x hkg j`a` l`aoecdco epj`rCg|`gxclol eciro|krcoCLM
@hkgechk%
Xkhcod
X` |ro|o l` horoh|`rczor dkx mkior`x ~kr x`h|kr`x
xkhcod`x o |roqx l` do hkebcgohcg l` glch`x`hkgechkx s xkhcod`x$ p` ~kxcbcdc|`g x|obd`h`rekl`dkx s ~`racd`x l` aoecdcox' @d x`g|clk `x`ghkg|ror pgo r`dohcg `g|r` j`ao|prox l` mkior`x$gcq`d`x l` cgir`xk$ ~or|chc~ohcg l` jq`g`x `g do`hkgkeo aoecdcor s ~`rx~`h|cqox l` hodclol l`qclo' Xc`glk `d mkior do box` l` do olpcxchcg l`qodkr`x s do ap`g|` krcicgod l` do hpd|pro l` dod`iodclol$ ox hkek `x `g lgl` x` kar`h`g dkx~pg|kx l` ~or|clo ~oro pgo qclo lcigo s xogo$jpg|k o `x~ohckx l` xkhcodczohcg s r`~rklphhcgl` qodkr`x' Ce~dcho x`r `d `x~ohck l` olpcxchcgl` dox box`x l` r`ad`}cg ~oro do |keo l`
l`hcxckg`x `g do qclo$ s do box` `hkgecho l`~or|clo'@x `d dpior l` olpcxchcg l` ho~ohclol`x ~oror`xkdq`r ~rkbd`eox l` do qclo krlcgorco'
-
7/23/2019 Metodologa para el estudio social de la delincuencia y la violencia
17/27
L`xcipodlol Hk`achc`g|` l` IcgcLcx|rcbphcg l` xodorckx egcekxo gcq`d epgchc~od'
Xkhcod X` ecl` do akreo `g p` dkx r`hprxkx `x|glcx|rcbpclkx o dk dorik l`d `x|olk'X` dkhodczo `g lgl` `x|g hkgh`g|rolkx dkxcgir`xkx ex od|kx' Hoe~k%Hcplol$ ^rka`xckg`x shcplol`x'
X`iprclolXkhcod
\k|od l` ox`iprolkx `gcgx|c|phckg`x l` xodpl\k|od l`d x`rqchckx l` xodpl\k|od l` Mkx~c|od`x\k|od l` hdgchox\k|od l` `ga`re`rox\k|od l` Elchkx\k|od l` Hoeox\k|od l` o|`ghckg`x s ~r`x|ohcgl` x`rqchckx\k|od l` ~kbdohcg hkg r`icx|rkxl` r`|crk'Hke~kxchcg l` do ekrbcdclol ogcq`d epgchc~od ~kr cghcl`ghco `gx`rqchckx l` xodpl'
Xkhcod R`dohcg g|r` ^kbdohcg hkg ohh`xk o x`rqchckxqx' ^kbdohcg \k|od'Hpog|cachohcg l`d |k|od l` cgaro`x|rph|pro elchos l` xodpl `g r`dohcg l` ^kbdohcg \k|od'\M+^kb'\'\H+^kb'\'\@+^kb'\'\E+^kb'\'\Ho+^kb'\'\' Ohhckg`x+^kb'\'\^kb' R`|'+^kb'\'\@ga'+^kb'\'
Xodorckx \k|od l` cgir`xk aoecdcor o |roqxl` xodorckx
@hkgechk%xkhcod
Cgir`xk aoecdcor ~kr xodorckx$ `g box` od |c~kakreod ` cgakreod$ x`h|kr s roek s hodclol l`d`e~d`k$ |`e~krodclol s hkglchckg`x xkhcod$
\robojkCgaog|cd-XodorckxJq`g`x#
Horoh|`rx|chox l`d |robojk cgaog|cd @hkgechk%xkhcod
L`xhrc~hcg oe~dco l` dox horoh|`rx|chox l`d|robojk cgaog|cd$ |oxox epgchc~od`x$ khp~ohckg`x$rogikx l` `lol$ x`}k$ cgir`xkx$ hkglchckg`xdobkrod`x$ ~`racd`x xkhckl`ekirachkx'
XodorckxEgcekx
Dkhodczohcg `x~ohcod l` l`xodorckx egcekx
@hkgechk%xkhcod
Dkhodczohcg l` xodorckx egcekx d`iod`x o ~or|crl` ~`racd`x ~rka`xckgod`x'
Hodclol `g `d|robojk
Xodorckx+\c~k l``e~d`k+x`iprclol dobkrod+|c~k l`hkg|ro|k+mkrox |robojolox
@hkgechk%xkhcod
@dobkrohcg l` ekl`dkx dobkrod`x ~kr mkrox shkglchckg`x dobkrod`x'
\oxo l`
l`x`e~d`k
\oxo l` l`x`e~d`k o gcq`d
epgchc~od'
@hkgechk%
xkhcod
@dobkrohcg l` eo~ox `x|o|od`x hkg do
hke~kxchcg l`d l`x`e~d`k s ~`racd`x l` do~kbdohcg dobkrod -hoe~k%hcplol#' ^@O' ^@K$hkg cgir`xkx s |c~k l` pgclol ~rklph|cqo
Gcq`d l``xhkdorclol
\k|od l` `xhp`dox'\k|od l` ~rka`xkr`x'\k|od l` opdox'Ogodaob`|cxek'Okx l` `xhkdorclol'\k|od l` eo|rchpdolkx ~kr gcq`d`x'L`x`rhcg xhkdor'
Xkhcod Do `xhp`do r`~r`x`g|o do ap`g|` ~rcghc~od l`kb|`ghcg l` qodkr`x s `d`e`g|kx l` cl`g|clolgohckgod ~oro do hcplologo' @x `d hoe~k bxchkl` kb|`ghcg l` hke~`|`ghcox ~oro `gar`g|or dkxe`rholkx l` |robojk s dkx gcq`d`x l` cgir`xk' @x doolpcxchcg l` m`rroec`g|ox ~oro kb|`ghcg l`gcq`d`x l` cgir`xk ` cgx`rhcg `g `d `e~d`k'Kb|`ghcg l` eo~ox o gcq`d epgchc~od s hdhpdkl` r`l`x l` xkhcodczohcg `g box` o irolkx l``xhkdorclol' Lo|kx i`g`rod`x l` gcq`d`x l`
hke~`|`ghco `g irogl`x r`ox -^rp`bo `gdoh`%X@^#'\'^rka`x+^kb'@xh'\'Opdox+^kb'@xh'\'^kb'Ogodaob'\'^kb'@lol @xhkdor'\'^kb'@lol @xhkdorGcq`d`x'\'^kb' ^rka`xckgod+^kb' \k|od'
@x|o|pxkhp~ohckgod l`
Irp~kx l` ~kbdohcg r`xcl`g|`s+k krcicgorckx l`d dpior p`
Xkhcod%~kd|chk
L`xhrc~hcg l` do ~kbdohcg r`xcl`g|` s krcicgorcol`d dpior$ xp pbchohcg `g ~p`x|kx l` l`hcxcg o
-
7/23/2019 Metodologa para el estudio social de la delincuencia y la violencia
18/27
dkx r`xcl`g|`xs `e~d`k
khp~og ~p`x|kxi`r`ghcod`x+~rka`xckg`x
gcq`d`x l` do hdox` ~kd|cho$ `e~r`xorcod s~rka`xckgod`x l` ~r`x|cick' ^`racd`x l` do hdox`~kd|cho s akreox l` oirp~ohcg `g |krgk o dl`r`xs ~`rxkgodclol`x dkhod`x l` ~r`x|cick' ^kbdohcgcgecirog|` s dkhodczohcg `g `d `e~d`k'Krci`g l` dkx irp~kx ~kd|chkx$ r`dcickxkx$`e~r`xorcod`x$ cg|`d`h|pod`x$ acgoghc`rkx$hke`rhcog|`x$ e`lckx l` hkepgchohcg$ ~or|clkx~kd|chk s l` ~rka`xckgcx|ox dcbr`x'X` hkgxcl`ro pgo ap`r|` cl`g|clol l` dk dkhodar`g|` o dk `}|rogj`rk$ x` pbcho o dkx cgecirog|`xhkek ap`g|`x l`d l`dc|k' Dkx apglolkr`x l` dkxh`g|rkx ~kbdohckgod`x lcx~p|og cgir`xkx s`x~ohckx l` l`hcxcg ar`g|` o dkx cgecirog|`x$ k oirp~kx l` k|rox r`ickg`x'
^or|chc~ohcgl` do ap`rzodobkroda`e`gcgo
Horoh|`rx|chox l` do ap`rzodobkrod a`e`gcgo$
@hkgechk%xkhcod
X` hkgxcl`ro do ~or|chc~ohcg l` do ap`rzo dobkroda`e`gcgo `g r`dohcg l`d l`|`rckrk l` do `hkgkeoaoecdcor$ ~kr dk p` x` cgx`r|o `g `d e`rholkdobkrod o hkx|o l` do lcr`hhcg l`d mkior' Ce~dchohoebcor mkrox l` |robojk ~kr mkrox l` khp~ohcg
`g do lcr`hhcg l`d mkior$ hkek aoh|kr l` hkm`xcgxkhcod'^kb'Dob'A`e+^kb'Dob'\k|od'
\oxo l`hre`g`x kl`dc|kxr`xp`d|kx
\oxo l` hre`g`x k l`dc|kxr`xp`d|kx ~kr do ~kdcho s hoxkxr`xp`d|kx ~kr dkx jpziolkx
Xkhcod \k|od l` hre`g`x s l`dc|kx hke`|clkx s r`xp`d|kx~kr dox cgx|oghcox l` ~rkhprohcg l` jpx|chco'@achc`ghco 5 |k|od l` l`dc|kx r`xp`d|kx+|k|od l`l`dc|kx hke`|clkx'@ach'~kdch5l`dcghp`g|`x l`|`gclkx+l`dc|kxhke`|clkx'
\oxo l`hkgl`golkx-hrh`d`x#
^rk~krhcg l` orr`x|kx l`hpd~obd`x xke`|clkx o jpchck'\k|od l` hrh`d`x'\k|od l` hkgl`golkx'
\oxo l` hpd~obd`x `g hrh`d`x'
Xkhcod X` |ro|o l` kb|`g`r pgo r`dohcg `g|r` `d |k|od l`hkgl`golkx hkg hog|clol l` orr`x|kx$ hkg |k|od l`cgaro`x|rph|pro'R`dohcg l` hkgl`golkx k hpd~obd`x l`d l`dc|k
`g|r` \k|od l` hkgl`golkx+^kb'xke`|clo o~rkh`xkx'Xkdphcg l` hoxkx s |k|od l` hpd~obd`xhkgl`golkx'Hkg pg br`q` lcoigx|chk xkbr` do xc|pohcg l`r`hdpxcg$ dox hkglchckg`x l` r`hp~`rohcg s~rkiroeox xkhcod`x l` o| ghcg$ l`xhrc~hcg l`cgaro`x|rph|pro'
\oxo l`hkgl`go
\k|od l` ~`rxkgo p` xkgr`hkgkhclox hkek hpd~obd`xl`g|rk l` do `x|rph|pro l`~rkhprohcg l` jpx|chco'
Xkhcod \k|od l` hkgl`golkx+|k|od l` ~rkh`xolkx'\c`e~kx l` lprohcg l` dkx ~rkh`xkx'\c`e~k ~rke`lck l` xkdphcg l` hoxkx'Hkx|k ~rke`lck l` ~rkh`xkx d`iod`x ~oro xkdphcgl` hoxkx'
\k|od l` `|o~ox l` dkx ~rkh`xkx'\oxo l` epd|o \oxo l` ~`rxkgox p` xkgr`hkgkhclox hkek hpd~obd`x'
xkhcod \k|od l` ~`rxkgox epd|olox s xoghckgolox g~rkh`xkx d`iod`x'\oxo l` epd|ox5\k|od Epd|ox + ^kbdohcg'
R`hkrl l`x`g|`ghcox
\k|od l` r`xkdphcg l` hkgadch|kxd`iod`x'
Xkhcod \oxo l` xkdphcg l` hkgadch|kx g ~rkh`xkxd`iod`x'
^kdcho~r`q`g|cqo~rcqolo
\k|od l` Oi`ghcox ^rcqolox l`X`iprclol'\k|od l `e~d`olkx ~kr x`h|kr`x~kr mobc|og|`x l` x`iprclol
xkhcod @x pg cglcholkr p` lo hp`g|o l`d |k|od l`dhr`hcec`g|k l`d e`rholk -l`eoglo# l` x`rqchckxl` x`iprclol ~rcqolo$ ar`g|` o do aod|o l` `achc`ghcol` do ~kdcho ~bdcho'
-
7/23/2019 Metodologa para el estudio social de la delincuencia y la violencia
19/27
~rcqolo \oxo l` Hr`h' Hp`r~kx ^kdch' ^rcq5\k|od l` H~k'^kdch' ^rcq+mobc|og|`x%hcplol`x'r`ox l` ohhcg%cg|`rq`ghcg'
Ekqcdclol l`R`xcl`g|`x
Adpjkx l` ~kbdohcg%Ekqcdclol^krh`g|oj`x l` r`xcl`g|`x p`oh|pode`g|` qcq`g `g do zkgo'^krh`g|oj` l` mkior`x p` mog`x|olk `g do zkgo ~kr dk e`gkx|r`x okx'
xkhcod Kb|`ghcg l` `xp`eox s eo~ox xkbr` dodkhodczohcg l` dkx r`xcl`g|`x s mobc|og|`x hkgeoskr og|ci`lol' Ce~dcho do dkhodczohcg l`zkgox |rolchckgod`x%og|cipox p` |c`g`g r`l`xxkhcod`x l`acgclox$ hkg ~rkh`xkx l` xkhcodczohcg sr`idox s qodkr`x `x|rph|prolkx' X` l`acg` dk ~rk~cks dk oj`gk hpd|prode`g| ' ^rkh`xkx l` lkbdoec`g|k~kr dkhodclol`x'
@|gco' ^krh`g|oj` l` `}|rogj`rkx g do~kbdohcg'Hke~kxchcg l` do ~kbdohcgmobdog|` l` k|ro d`gipo gk kachcod'Hke~kxchcg l` `|gcox go|cqox'Horoh|`rx|chox l` do ~kbdohcgcgli`go'Irp~kx cgli`gox'Dkhodczohcg `x~ohcod l` irp~kx'
\c~k l` mkior cgli`go'Rogikx l` ~kbdohcg cgli`go ~krdkhodclol'
Xkhck%hpd|prod
Pbchor dkx irp~kx |gchkx `x|obd`hclkx `g `d|`rrc|krck' rkh`xkx l` ~kbdoec`g|k'@x~ohckx l` r`~rklphhcg xkhcod s ~rkh`xkx l`xkhcodczohcg'Akreox l` r`l`x xkhcod`x s xp `gdoh` hkg r`l`xdkhod`x l` r`xcl`g|`x' Cgx`rhcg `g Gcq`d`x@hkgechkx s x`h|kr`x xkhcod`x$ |c~k l` e`rholkdobkrod `g p` `x|g cgx`r|kx'
L`xcg|`irohcgAoecdcor
^krh`g|oj` l` lcqkrhckx'^krh`g|oj` l` x`~orohckg`x l`~or`jox -`g pgcg dcbr`#'^krh`g|oj` l` ~olr`x xkdkx -eolr`k ~olr`# hkg mcjkx -ge`rk l`mcjkx#'
xkhcod Do l`xcg|`irohcg g|`glclo hkek lcq`rxkx~rkh`xkx l` x`~orohcg k xodclo l` odipgkx l` dkx~olr`x s akreox l` hoebckx `hkgechkx$ xkhcod`x$hpd|prod`x s ekl`dk l` aoecdco `g do r`~rklphhcgl` qodkr`x' @d hoebck `g do r`dohcg aoecdcorce~dcho hoebckx `g do box` l` do r`~rklphhcgxkhcod l` do aoecdco'
R`l l`oecx|ol -gkl`dcghp`g|`#
Ge`rk l` oecikx p` r`xcl`g `gdo Hkepgclol Xkhcod'Akreox k ekl`dkx l` r`l`x
xkhcod`x ~oro cg|`irorx` o irp~kxxkhcod`x$ l` oecikx$ l` l`~kr|`x$l` borrck$ excho$ r`dcickxk'Akreox l` hkm`xcg xkhcod-r`a`r`g|` o x|plckx r`odczolkx#'
@hkgechk%xkhcod%hpd|prod
X` r`dohckgo do r`l xkhcod l`d irp~k aoecdcorl`g|rk l`d x~ohck l`d do dkhodclol%Borrck%Hdpb`xk irp~kx xkhcod`x l`acgclkx s kriogczolkx' @g do
hpod dkx ec`ebrkx l` do aoecdco x` `gdozog o~rh|chox xkhcod`x s hpd|prod`x ~oro l`acgcr xp~rk~co cl`g|clol s ~`r|`g`ghco o pg irp~k dkhod$ sdo lcx~kxchcg l` ~or`g|`xhk l`g|rk l` do ecxeodkhodclol' Hdhpdk l` box` xkhcod ~oro cg|`irox` or`l`x xkhcod`x'Horoh|`rczohcg l` r`l`x s irp~kx xkhcod`x bojkpgo hke~orohcg R`l`x l` r`~rklphhcg xkhcodqx' R`l`x l` l`dcghp`ghco -hkg ~rkbobcdclol k|`gl`ghco o do l`dcghp`ghco'X` l`b` ohke~oor hkg o~ksk l` cgaro`x|rph|pro$~orp`x$ cgx|odohckg`x s `pc~oec`g|k'Cl`g|cachor dkx `x~ohckx xkhcod`x lkecgog|`x l` do
lcgecho dkhod l` r`~rklphhcg xkhcod'Cl`g|cachor x~ohckx ~rcghc~od`x l` xkhcodczohcgdkhod'Cl`g|cachor dkx d`e`g|kx apgloe`g|od`x l` dohkm`xcg xkhcod ~kr irp~kx xkhcod`x dkhod`x-ap`g|`x s lcgechox l` do hkm`xcg xkhcod#'
^or|chc~ohcgkriogczo|cqo
^krh`g|oj` l` r`xcl`g|`x p`~or|chc~o `g dox r`pgckg x l`Hkec|x s Hdpb`x'Ge`rk l` Hkec|x s Hdpb`x ~kr
@hkgechk%Xkhcod%Hpd|prod
Cl`g|cachor dox r`l`x s kriogczohckg`x dkhod`x `gdox p` ~or|chc~og dkx r`xcl`g|`x -mobc|og|`x p`qcq`g l`xl` gk e`gkx l` 8 okx `g do dkhodclol#'^rk~krhcg l` r`xcl`g|`x p` lcrci`g s lkecgog
-
7/23/2019 Metodologa para el estudio social de la delincuencia y la violencia
20/27
mobc|og|`x'@x~ohckx hkd`h|cqkx l`r`~rklphhcg xkhcod -akreox s|c~kx#'
dox kriogczohckg`x s hdpb`x dkhod`x' Hog|clol l`hdpb`x `g r`dohcg l` r`xcl`g|`x' @g p` e`lclodkx r`xcl`g|`x hr`og kriogczohckg`x s p` |c~k l``ddox' Cl`g|cachor dox kriogczohckg`x s r`l`xxkhcod`x qx' Kriogczohckg`x l` l`dcghp`ghco'Cl`g|cachor do hog|clol s hodclol l` kriogczohckg xs r`l`x xkhcod`x p` do hkepgclol lcx`o s hr`o-ho~ohclol l` kriogczohcg dkhod#'
Hkg|rkdCgx|c|phckgod
^krh`g|oj` l` ~kbdohcg p`oxcx|` o xhp`do$ x`hpglorco$E`lck Xp~`rckr s xp~`rckr'R`icx|rkx hcqcd aoecdcor'Cl`g|cachohcg hcplologo-cl`g|cachohcg CA@#'Cl`g|cachohcg d`iod g r`icx|rkxl` x`iprkx' Cl`g|cachohcg d`iod`g hkglphhcg l` q`mhpdkx-dch`ghco l` eog`jk#$Cl`g|cachohcg hkek ~rk~c`|orckxl` q`mhpdkx$ hoxox%mobc|ohcg
-~r`lcod# s x`iprkx' Cl`g|cachohcghkek ~rka`xckgcx|o -hlpdo~rka`xckgod#' Cl`g|cachohcg l`Mohc`glo -~oik l` ce~p`x|kx%CEXX%CXXX\@%mkgkrorckx%k|rkx#'Cgx|c|phckg`x l` r`icx|rk ~krhkglchcg hcplologo'\k|od l` r`icx|rkx aoecdcor`x-eo|rcekgckx d`iod`x# qx'Pgckg`x dcbr`x s mkior`x'
Cl`g|cachor dox cgx|c|phckg`x s akreox l` hkg|rkdcgx|c|phckgod' @g|`glclk `g xp x`g|clk l` r`icx|rk$cl`g|cachohcg d`iod l` ~`r|`g`ghco o pg |`rrc|krck$dpior l` gohcec`g|k$ ~oik l` ce~p`x|kx sk|krioec`g|kx l` ~`recxkx s ohr`lc|ohckg`x xkbr``d l`xorrkddk l` mobcdclol`x s ho~ohclol`x ~oro do~`r|`g`ghco xkhcod k `d `j`rhchck l` oh|cqclol`xp` ce~dchog r`x~kgxobcdclol`x d`iod`x%xkhcod`x s`hkgechox' E`lchcg l` eo~o l` cgx|c|phckg xp` cgx|rpe`g|og s k~`rog do r`x~kgxobcdclolxkhcod s xp r`dohcg hkg irp~k l` xoghckg`x'@x~ohckx l` r`~rklphhcg l` do hpd|pro l` do
d`iodclol' Eo|`rcodczohcg l` dkx `x~ohckx l` dohkm`xcg xkhcod -`g|`glclk hkek rogikx l`kriogczohckg`x ` cgx|c|phckg`x xkhcod`x `g do p`x` eogcac`x|o dk d`iod$ x` lcx|rcbps`gr`x~kgxobcdclol`x xkhcod`x s horiox hkgechox~kr x`h|kr`x s irp~kx xkhcod x' E`lchcg l` pgoxkhc`lol cipodc|orco s `pc|o|cqo$ `g do r`dohcg l`ekg|kx l` cgir`xk ~kr irp~kx xkhcod`x s horiox l`r`x~kgxobcdclol`x xkhcod`x#' E`lchcg l` br`hmox~oro `d hdhpdk l`d cgir`xk s dkx hkx|kx `g |c`e~k%ekg|kx ~oro kb|`g`rdkx s `d |c~k l` qox -d`iod%cd`iod# l`g|rk l` pg bodogh` rohckgod l`d xpj`|k~oro do |keo l` l`hcxckg`x `g `d oh|por'
R`dcickxclol ^krh`g|oj` l` ec`ebrkx l` pgocid`xco qx' ^kbdohcg |k|od' Xkhcod%Hpd|prod ^or|chc~ohcg l` dkx hcplologkx l`g|rk l` lcq`rxoxcid`xcox' ^krh`g|oj`x l` l` ~`r|`g`ghco o r`dcicg'R`dcicg5^kb'Olm`xcg R`dci'+~kb'\k|od'X` l`acg` o do r`dcicg hkek pgo akreo l`cl`g|clol o do q`z p` ~or|` l` do hkm`xcg xkhcod`g |og|k hpe~do hkg pg ~o~`d l` hkg|rkd xkhcod$ odo q`z `x|` hkek r`ipdolkr l` do hkgqcq`ghco'@ghkg|ror xc `}cx|` pgo r`dohcg od cg|`rckr l`d~roh|chog|` -xpbj`|cqclol l`d cglcqclpk ~orol`|`recgor xp hke~kr|oec`g|k# g|r` d `j`rhchckr`dcickxk s xp hke~kr|oec`g|k `g `d epglkxkhcod%d`iod' Hkgkh`r `d pebrod `g|r` dkxx`odoec`g|kx l` do r`dcicg ~oro `d
hke~kr|oec`g|k cglcqclpod qx' d hke~kr|oec`g|kr`od l`d epglk hkghr`|k xkhcod'L`acgcr s dkhodczor dkx ekl`dkx l`hke~kr|oec`g|k r`dcickxk l` dkx cglcqclpkx `g `depglk hk|clcogk xkhcod$ l` xoghckg`x |chox%r`dcickxox s xpx ekl`dkx l` cglpdi`ghcox shox|cikx' Akreox l` ohh`xk o dox hkepgclol`xr`dcickxox$ x`h|ox$ hdpb`x ` cid`xcox -ohh`xk`hkgechk$ |rolchckgod$ olm`xcg$ d`iod$horcxe|chk#
-
7/23/2019 Metodologa para el estudio social de la delincuencia y la violencia
21/27
Lcoigx|chk l` kriogczohckg`x$ oh|cqclol`x$hdpb`x$ r`pgckg`x$ a`x|cqclol`x$ xhp`dox$r`pgckg`x hkd`h|cqox$ irp~kx l` `x|plck -xob`r `gp` e`lclo do cid`xco ~rkep`q` do hkm`xcg xkhcods do r`~rklphhcg l` qodkr`x o |roqx l` dokriogczohcg xkhcod#'
\rogx~kr|`~bdchk
^krh`g|oj` l` `e~d`olkx p`pxog `d |rogx~kr|` ~bdchk'Iox|kx l` |rogx~kr|` ~bdchk'Cgq`rxcg xkhcod `g `d |rogx~kr|`~bdchk'\c~k l` |rogx~kr|` -x`rqchckx$hodclol$ ~rk~c`lol#
@hkgechk%xkhcod
@d |rogx~kr|` hkek pg `x~ohck l` pxk ~bdchk `gdo hpod hcrhpdog bc`g`x l` l`|`recgolk gcq`d$ s x`hkgqc`r|`g `g dpior`x l` hkgqcq`ghco$ `g r`dohcgl` do hodclol s akreox xkhcod`x l` xpkriogczohcg'Pg lcoigx|chk l`d |rogx~kr|` l`b` x`odor dkxqkde`g`x l` ~`rxkgox p` dk p|cdczog$ `d gcq`d`hkgechk l` dkx irp~kx s do hke~kxchcg l`rp|ox s adpjkx'@x|obd`h`r pgo r`dohcg `g|r` l`dcghp`ghco shodclol l` |rogx~kr|` ` ce~oh|k `hkgechk `g dkxpxporckx' Do hke~kxchcg l`d |rogx~kr|` i`g`robr`hmox l` ohhcg l` do l`dcghp ghco$ `d r`lcx`k se`jkroec`g|k l` do hodclol l`d |rox~kr|` ~kxcbcdc|o
r`lphcr `d ~k|`ghcod l` l`dc|k'Oh|cqclol`x~bdchox l`khck
\c~k s hog|clol l``x|obd`hcec`g|kx l` q`g|o l`b`bclox s hkeclo ~kr mobc|og| 'Hkgh`g|rohcg l` bor`x s|ob`rgox'Xpecgcx|rokx -obxkdp|kx sr`do|cqkx# l` dkx l`~kr|`x s`x|obd`hcec`g|kx l``g|r`|`gcec`g|k'Ge`rk l` hdpb`x l`~kr|cqkx'
Xkhcod%hpd|prod
Dkhodczor dox r`dohckg`x `g|r` dkx `x~ohckx l`khck%~kbdohcg%`x~ohckx `xhkdor`x% x~ohck~bdchk l` `x~orhcec g|k'R`dohcg g|r` Bor`x%hog|cgox%`}~`glckx l`b`bclox qx' `x~ohckx `xhkdor`x%hpd|prod`x%r`dcickxkx'Ogodczor do lcx|rcbphcg l` bor`x s hog|cgox`x~ohcode`g|` s `g r`dohcg l` h`g|rkx `xhkdor`x'Dkhodczohcg l` g`ikhckx l` qcl`kjp`ikx$ Cg|`rg`|`g r`dohcg l` ~kbdohcg |k|od'Dkhodczohcg l` `x~ohckx ~bdchkx l``x~orhcec`g|k$ zkkdichkx$ ~orp`x$ a`rcox$
bcbdck|`hox$ hcg`x `g r`dohcg l` ~kbdohcg |k|od'Pbchohcg l` h`g|rkx l` o~p`x|ox$ ~rkx|bpdkx$ sh`g|rkx l` lcq`rxcg ~oro olpd|kx s ho|odkiolkxhkek l` icrkx g`irkx'
@d |c`e~k-hdceo#
R`dohcg `g|r` hdceo -|k|od l`cghcl`ghco l`d l`dc|k#'^rke`lck l` |`e~`ro|prox-e`gxpod%|rce`x|rod#'\k|od l` ddpqco'
Oebc`g|`%xkhcod
@x|obd`h`r x`rc`x l` |c`e~k l`d hdceo$ hkgiroachohcg `g r`dohcg o dk dorik l`d ok hkg docghcl`ghco l`d hdceo' R`dohckgor xc `}cx|` odig|c~k l` hkrr`dohcg `g|r` `d hdceo s `dhke~kr|oec`g|k l`d hdceo' Cl`g|cachor dkxeke`g|kx ex od|kx l` l`dc|kx s x`odor doqorcohcg l`d hdceo s `ghkg|ror dkx ~pg|kx l`r`dohcg$ o ex l`dc|kx$ pg hdceo ex oiplk'
Ge`rk l`
mkrox l` xkdlprog|` `d lo
Hoebck l` mkrorck' Oebc`g|`%
xkhcod
@x|obd`h`r r`dohcg `g|r` dkx ~`rcklkx l` dpz o dk
dorik l`d ok s `d hke~kr|oec`g|k l`d l`dc|k'Dkhodczor dkx ~`rcklkx l` eoskr s e`gkr dpz o dkdorik l`d ok$ hkg pgo iroachohcg l`d l`dc|k'
Hkgxpek l`e`lckx
^krh`g|oj` l` mkrox l` hkgxpekl` e`lckx -|c~k l` e`lck#'Hkgxpek l` \Q' -mkrox lcorcox$gpe' L` \Q ~kr mkior$~rkiroeox l` eoskr hkgxpek$\Q obc`r|o$ \Q hobd`$ Cg|`rg`|#'
Xkhcod%hpd|prod
L`xhrc~hcg l`d |c~k l` ohh`xk s hkgxpek|` do~kbdohcg hkg dkx e`lckx l` hkepgchohcg'^ogkroeo oe~dck l` dox ~kxcbcdclol`x l` ohh`xk xdkx lcq`rxkx |c~kx l` e`lckx$ ~kr x`h|kr`x`hkgechkx$ dobkrod`x$ `lol`x$ x`}k s hkglchcgl` mkior`x' @g E}chk ce~dcho p` dox ap`g|`x l`cl`g|clol s qodkr`x xkg l`|`recgolkx ~kr dkx
-
7/23/2019 Metodologa para el estudio social de la delincuencia y la violencia
22/27
e`lckx$ do krc`g|ohcg s x`g|clk l` cl`g|clolgohckgod s box`x ~oro do ohhcg xkhcod$ `g do hpod`d xpj`|k l`hcl` akreox l` hke~kr|oec`g|k$qodkr`x l`d hke~kr|oec`g|k x`odolkx ~kr dkxe`lckx' L`acgchcg l` do hodclol l`d hkg|`gclk l`dkx e`lckx$ `g do hpod cg|`re`lco do |kd`roghco$hpd|pro l` do d`iodclol$ hr`lcbcdclol l`cgx|c|phckg`x' Pbchor xc `}cx|` hdorclol `g dkxhkg|`gclkx l` dkx e`lckx ~oro ohmchor `d pebrod`g|r` qodkr`x l`ekhr|chkx$ hkgxkdclohcg l`cgx|c|phckg`x$ hr`lcbcdclol `g do rozg ~oror`xkdq`r hkgadch|kx s `a`h|cqclol l` dkx l`r`hmkxmpeogkx'@ghkg|ror do r`dohcg `g|r` hrce`g s hkgxpek l`e`lckx' Ogodczor akreo l` r`idoe`g|orhkg|`gclkx l` e`lckx ~kr heorox ` cgx|c|phckg`x'Akreox s hkg|`gclkx l` qckd`ghco `g dkx e`lckx'\kd`roghco s r`x|rchhckg`x `g hkg|`gclkx l`e`lckx'\k|od l` mkrox l` hkgxpek l` \Q'$ ~kr mobc|og|`$
x`}k s `lol'\k|od l` hkgxpeclkr`x l` Cg|`rg`| ~kr mobc|og|`x'\k|od l` hkgxpeclkr`x l` ~r`gxo ce~r`xo'^ogkroeo l` k~hckg`x l` hogod`x$ |`d`qcxkrox$`x|ohckg`x l` rolck' Ekgk~kdck l` dkx e`lckx'Hdoxcachohcg l` e`lckx ce~r`xkx x`ighkg|`gclkx -~kd|chkx$ l`~kr|`x$ dkhod`x$cg|`rgohckgod`x'@g i`g`rod x` |ro|o l` pbchor dkx e`lckx s `dhkgxpeclkr o |roqx l` xp cgadp`ghco^xchkhkglph|podcx|o6 Gcq`d`x oh|c|plcgod`xmkekig`kx6 rkqkhohcg l` r`ohhckg`xpgcakre`x ~oro mbc|kx l` hkgxpek6
Apgloe`g|ohcg l` cl`kdkiox o gcq`d eoxcqk6Krc`g|ohcg l` irp~kx l` ~kl`r s ~r`xcg6 Hkg|rkdl` |orcaox ~pbdchc|orcox$ p` o do ~kx|r` x` moghkgq`r|clk g aoh|kr`x cgadohckgorckx6 Eog`jkekgk~kdck l` dkx e`lckx6 Ho~ohclol l`~`g`|rohcg hkg ~o|rkg`x xkhck`hkgechkx~r`l`acgclk6 Eog`jk l` do k~cgcg ~pbdcho'
@lol ^crecl`x l` `lol ~kr irp~kx shkmkr|`x'
l`ekirachk Horoh|`rczohcg l` dox ~kbdohckg`x ~oro q`r xphke~kxchcg l`ekiracho s xp r`dohcg hkgekl`dkx l` hke~kr|oec`g|k$ hkgxkdclohcg l`qodkr`x$ ohh`xk o r`l`x xkhcod`x$ cg|`r`x`x sgcq`d`x `hkgechkx s lcx~kxchcg ~oro ~or|chc~orl`g|rk l` do hkm`xcg xkhcod'
^kbdohcgeoxhpdcgojkq`g
L`xhrc~hcg l`ekiracho l` do~kbdohcg eoxhpdcgo `g|r` ?0 s20 okx'
X` |ro|o l` pbchor dkx irp~kx l` ~kbdohcg `g xpxhkmkr|`x l` `lol `g p` eoskr cghcl`ghco l`dl`dc|k mos$ do |`gl`ghco mohco `d l`x`e~d`k s doxho~ohclol`x ex oqogzolox ~oro `x|obd`h`r r`l`xxkhcod`x s dox g`h`xclol`x ex ap`r|`x ~oro bpxhor` cgx`r|orx` `g irp~kx hrcecgod`x s lcq`rxkx`x~ohckx l` xkhcodczohcg' Xkg dkx irp~kx l`xodclo l` mkior s ohh`xkx o `x~ohckx obc`r|kx l``xhkdorclol$ `e~d`k$ `x~orhcec`g|k$ ~kr dk |og|k`g do x`d`hhcg l` irp~kx s r`l`x xkhcod`x p` xp
-
7/23/2019 Metodologa para el estudio social de la delincuencia y la violencia
23/27
e`lck d`x ~rk~kg`'
Ekl`dk l` e`lchcg l` glch` l` gcq`d ~k|`ghcod l` l`dcghp`ghco%cgx`iprclol
^oro `d hoxk l`d ~rks`h|k l` cgq`x|ciohcg ~oro do e`lchcg l`g|rk l` dkx aoh|kr`x l` rc`xik x` l`b`
moh`r pg r`hkr|` l` qorcobd`x p` ~p`log p`lor l`g|rk l`d hkg|`}|k s hke~kxchcg l` dk dkhod' @g
`x|` hoxk x` oir`io do lcx|rcbphcg l` `xhodox x`ig holo qorcobd`x'
QORCOBD@ @X\OLCX\CHO KBX@RQOHCKG@Xglch` l` eoricgohcgglch` ~kbr`zo
glch` l` eoricgohcg l` do hkepgclol%E~ck
X`ig `xhodox ~rk~cox - l` od|o o bojo#
Gcq`d l` cgir`xk \k|od l` xodorckx egcekx l` cgir`xk ~kraoecdco l`g|rk l`d OI@B'
L` bojkx o od|kx xodorckx
J`ao|pro aoecdcor Ogodczor do hke~kxchcg l` do j`ao|pro l`aoecdco$ q`r do hke~kxchcg l` do j`ao|proa`e`gcgo'
^krh`g|oj` l` j`ao|pro a`e`gcgo -o eoskrj`ao|prox a`e`gcgox l`g|rk l`dOI@B5l`|`rckrk l` r`l`x xkhcod`x
dkhod`x5 eoskr ~k|`ghcod l` l`dcghp`ghco#Hke~kxchcg l` do qcqc`glo: L`xhrcbcr:\k|od l` mobc|ohckg`x\c~k l` eo|`rcod`x l` hkgx|rphhcg l` doqcqc`glo\c~k l` x`rqchckx -oipo$ dpz$ lr`goj`$ iox$|`dakgk$ Cg|`rg`|#\c~k l` bc`g`x -bkcd`r#
Kb|`g`r r`dohcg l` mohcgoec`g|kQcqc`glo l`|`rckrolo5~krh`g|oj` l`l`dcghp`ghco'
^`racd l` do ~kbdohcg Hke~kxchcg l` do ~kbdohcg l`d OI@B'Horoh|`rx|chox l` do ~crecl` ~kbdohcg
~kr irp~kx l` `lol
O eoskr ~krh`g|oj` l` ~kbdohcg `g`lol`x l` 2>%8> okx eoskr ~k|`ghcodl`dcghp`ghco'
Og|ci`lol Okx l` r`xcl`ghco l` dkx q`hcgkx' ^krh`g|oj` l` r`xcl`g|`x gohclkx g `ddpioro e`gkr r`xcl`g|`x dkhod`x 5
eoskr l`dcghp`ghcoKrci`g Dpior l` krci`g$ gohcec`g|k% ecirohcg
cg|`rgo l` dkx q`hcgkx'O eoskr ecirohcg k op`ddkx p` gk x`ogkrcicgorckx l` do dkhodclol s hkg e`gkx l`|r`x okx 5 o eoskr l`dcghp`ghco'
\c~k l` ~rk~c`lol \c~k l` ~rk~c`lol l` do qcqc`glo$ xr`g|olo$ ~rk~co$ ~r`x|olo'
^krh`g|oj` l` lp`kx l` do qcqc`glo'O e`gkr lp`kx s p` r`g|`g5eoskrl`dcghp`ghco'
Gcq`d l` `xhkdorclol Gcq`d l` `xhkdorclol l`d j`a` l` aoecdco O e`gkr `xhkdorclol$ eoskr lcx~kxchcg odo l`dcghp`ghco' L`xhkg|oglk irp~kx `g`lol `xhkdor' X` ~p`l` |keorogodaob`|cxek s okx l` `x|plck'
\c~k l` x`rqchckx l` xodpl \c~k l` x`rqchckx l` xodpl hkg p` hp`g|o`d j`a` l` aoecdco -CXXX\@$ CEXX$ XXO#
^krh`g|oj` l` ~kbdohcg p` |c`g` ohh`xk odo xodpl ~bdcho' O eoskr ~kbdohcg xcgr`icx|rk l` xodpl eoskr l`dcghp`ghco'
R`dcicg \c~k l` r`dcicg p` ~rka`xo do aoecdco Gk ~rka`xor pgo r`dcicg 5 o eoskrl`dcghp`ghco'L`xcg|`irohcg aoecdcor @g do qcqc`glo do j`ao|pro x a`e`gcgo$
`x|g lcqkrhcolkx$ mos oboglkgk l` pgkl` dkx ~olr`x$ mo ecirolk odipgk l` `ddkx'
O eoskr lcqkrhckx p mkior`x oboglkgolkx~kr pgk l` dkx ~olr`x 5 o eoskrl`dcghp`ghco'^krh`g|oj` l` mkior`x `g `x|o hkglchcg'
\c~k l` dpior`x ~bdchkx l`g|rk l`d~`re`|rk l`d OI@B
@}cx|`g l`g|rk l`d ~`re`|rk s |keoglkhkek bpaa`r `d OI@B:Hog|cgoxHke`rhckx@xhp`dox
O eoskr icrkx g`irkx 5 o eoskrl`dcghp`ghco'R`dohckgor icrkx g`irkx `g r`dohcg l`
~kbdohcg'
-
7/23/2019 Metodologa para el estudio social de la delincuencia y la violencia
24/27
Bcbdck|`hoxE`rholkx^rkx|bpdkx -icrkx g`irkx#Hke`rhckx l` qcl`kx jp`ikxHcg`xCid`xcox%%%~orrkpcox|`e~dkx\cogipcx
Mkx~c|od`xhdgchoxHox`|o qcicdoghco -~pbdcho%~rcqolo#Irp~kx xkhcod`x X` hp`g|o hkg kriogczohcg xkhcod$ |c~k l`
irp~kx xkhcod`x$ hdpb`x$ ~or|clkx$ hdpdox$irp~kx l` d`h|pro$ |`o|rk$ excho$ l`~kr|`$hkec|x$ l`d`iohcg$ box` ho|dchkx'
O eoskr kriogczohcg xkhcod$ e`gkrl`dcghp`ghco'Bojo kriogczohcg xkhcod5od|ol`dcghp`ghco'Hpog|cachor kriogczohckg`x s r`dohckgordox
~kr |k|od l` ~kbdohcg'@x~ohckx l`|`rckrolkx \k|od l` bodlkx$ hoxox oboglkgolox$
|`rr`gkx hkg eod`zo$ horrkx%hmo|orro'O eoskr `x~ohckx l`|`rckrolkx$ eoskrl`dcghp`ghco' Hdoxcachor ~kr ge`rk l`r`ox'
LCOIGX\CHK XKHCKL@EKIRACHKEPGCHC^CK
QORCOBD@ CGLCHOLKR @XHODO L@ @QODPOHCG ^@RACD@X XKHCKL@EKIRACHKXR@XPD\OLKX
IROLKHPOLROG\@
ROGIK@X\O\OD
@XHODOGPERCHO
QORCOBD@X _P@ L@\@RECGOG @D L@DC\KQORCOBD@X XKHCKL@EKIRACHOX
Ho|`ikrox
&+& &+% %+&
%+%
?$2$8$??
AP@G\@: @dobkrohcg ~rk~co bojk d ekl`dk dobkrolk ~kr D~`z X' PO@M$ 2>??' Hkg lo|kxL` |robojk l` hoe~k$ CG@IC$ HKGO^K'
PEBROD
^dog l` OhhcgQorcobd`x s rogikxl` cg|`rq`ghcg
Rogikx s r`oxl` dox qorcobd`xx`ig xhodoxs dkhodczohcgl` k~kr|pgclol`x O e`gkr r`o$
E`gkr ~rkbd`eo
Cg|`rq`ghcg ~oro r`lphcr r`ox'
Hke~kxchcg l` dox qorcobd`x l`d l`dc|k
^ohmpho
2>??
AP@G\@: @dobkrohcg ~rk~co bojk d ekl`dk dobkrolk ~kr D~`z X' PO@M$ 2>??' Hkg lo|kxL` |robojk l` hoe~k$ CG@IC$ HKGO^K'
PEBROD
^dog l` OhhcgQorcobd`x s rogikxl` cg|`rq`ghcg
Rogikx s r`oxl` dox qorcobd`xx`ig xhodoxs dkhodczohcgl` k~kr|pgclol`x O e`gkr r`o$
E`gkr ~rkbd`eo
Cg|`rq`ghcg ~oro r`lphcr r`ox'