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Gerundives
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The gerundive
The gerundive is a verbal adjective that
is used to express necessity or
obligation. It is in the passive voice
They should be translated as something
must be verb-ed
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The gerundive
So: Cartago delenda est=
Carthage must be destroyed
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Forming the Gerundive To form the Gerundive, simply take
the Present Stem from a verb and
add ndus, a, umonto it.
cf. Amanda, Miranda and agenda
Again, as with the Present Active
Participle, verbs of the 3rd-io and 4th
conjugations add an i to the stembefore the ndus, a, um
A good way to remember the ending is
from the word gerundive.
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Forming the Gerundives
Steps to forming a Gerund
1. Find the present active infinitive (the 2nd principlepart).
am, amre, amv, amtum
2. Take off the -re.
1. am
4. Add ndto the stem [remember -ie- for 3rdio and 4 C]
1. ama + -nd
5. Add the 2nd/1st adjective endings
amandus/a/um
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Practice
1. genitive, singular, m, vide, vidre
2. accusative, singular, f, rog, rogre
3. ablative, singular, n, duc, ducere
4. dative, singular, m, capi, capere
5. nominative, singular, f, audi, audre
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Practice
1. genitive, singular, m, vide, vidre
videndi
2. accusative, singular, f, rog, rogre
rogandam3. ablative, singular, n, duc, ducere
ducendo
4. dative, singular, m, capi, capere
capiendo
5. nominative, singular, f, audi, audre
audienda
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Gerundives
We have already seen gerundives and have learnedthat they should be translated as ought to be verb-ed.
In addition, they too can be used with caus, grti,and ad to express purpose.
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Exempla
Rmam vn matris videndae caus.
I came to Rome for the sake of seeing (my) mother.
Arma cpit ad pugnandum hostem.
He took up arms for the purpose of fighting the enemy.
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Practice
1. Lgts pcis petendae caus soci msrunt.
2. Rmns erat voluntas bellrum gerendrum.
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Practice
1. Lgts pcis petendae caus soci msrunt.
The allies sent envoys for the sake of seeking peace.
2. Rmns erat voluntas bellrum gerendrum.
There was a desire for the Romans of waging wars.