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Geotechnics & Foundation
1. Introduction
2. Geology of Singapore
3. Underground Building Works
4. Foundations
5. Earth Retaining Systems
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Geotechnics is
the application of scientific methods and
engineering principles to civil engineering
problems
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through acquiring, interpreting, and using
knowledge of materials of the crust of the
earth.
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Bored Piling
Jet Grouting
Contiguous Pile
Soil Nailing
Tunnelling
Grouting
Secant Pile
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Geotechnical engineering
is the branch of engineering concerned
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w t t e eng neer ng e av our o eart
materials.
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Jet Grouting
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Sheet Piles
Grout Mix Piles
Ground Anchors
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Steel H-Piles
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Soil
Improvement
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Geotechnical engineering involves:
site investigation determination of soil/rock properties slope stability
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earth retaining method for excavation settlement and wall movement analysis
instrumentation & monitoring system
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Geotechnics & Foundation
1. Introduction
2. Geology of Singapore
3. Underground Building Works
4. Foundations
5. Earth Retaining Systems
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fSing
apore
Geology
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Clay mineralsClay minerals are produced mainlyfrom the chemical weathering anddecomposition of feldspars, such asorthoclase and plagioclase, and somemicas.They are small in size and very flakyin shape.
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clay soils, e.g. plasticity,compressibility, swelling/shrinkagepotential, lies in the structure of clayminerals.There are three main groups of clayminerals:kaolinites, illites montmorillonites
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Size range of grains
The range of particle sizes encountered in soil is very large:
from boulders with a controlling dimension of over 200mm
down to clay particles less than 0.002mm (2mm).
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In geotechnical
engineering, soils are
considered a three-phase material
composed of:
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particles, water andair.
The voids of a soil, the spaces in betweenmineral particles, contain the water and air.
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Geotechnics & Foundation
1. Introduction
2. Geology of Singapore
3. Underground Building Works
4. Foundations
5. Earth Retaining Systems
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Geotechnics & Foundation
1. Introduction
2. Geology of Singapore
3. Underground Building Works
4. Foundations
5. Earth Retaining Systems
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FOUNDATION DESIGN PROCESS
Design Criteria
Geotechnical capacity
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Differential settlement & tilt
Structural strength of foundation elements
Durability
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Geotechnics & Foundation
1. Introduction
2. Geology of Singapore
3. Underground Building Works
4. Foundations5. Earth Retaining Systems
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FORMS OF RETAINING SYSTEMS
Commonly used retaining systems: Sheet Piling
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Secant Piling King Post Walls
Diaphragm Walls
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Installation of Diaphragm Wall
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Construction of Contiguous Bored Pile Wall
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Construction of Secant Pile Wall
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Secant Bored Pile Walls
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Steel strutting
forunderground
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.
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Installation
of steelsheet piles
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piler.
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Soldier piles
with timber
lagging.
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Cofferdamwith 5
layers of
strutting.
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Circular Diaphragm Wall in Taiwan
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Circular Diaphragm Wall in Northern Europe D=90m
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Top down
construction
ofbasemente.
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Bored pile
supporting
floor slab.
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