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IntroductionSeptember 9, 2013 in Savannah, Georgia.
B. S. N. from Vanderbilt University in Nashville,
Tennessee, in 1942; and her M.P.H. from Harvard
University in Boston in 1948.From 1949 till retirement in 1978 she was an
assistant professor of pediatric nursing, an associate
professor of nursing, and a professor of nursing at the
University of California in Los Angeles.
Johnson stressed the importance of research-based
knowledge about the effect of nursing care on clients.
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Behavior system model
Dorothy first proposed her model of nursing care in 1968
as fostering ofthe efficient and effective behavioral
functioning in the patient to prevent illness".
She also stated that nursing was concerned with man as
an integrated whole and this is the specific knowledge of
order we require.
In 1980 Johnson published her conceptualization of
behavioral system of model for nursingwhere she
explains her definitions of the behavioral system model.
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Definition of nursing
She defined nursing as an external regulatory force which acts to
preserve the organization and integration of the patientsbehaviors at an optimum level under those conditions in which the
behaviors constitutes a threat to the physical or social health, or in
which illness is found
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Four goals of nursing are to assist the patient:
+ Whose behavior commensurate with social demands.
+ Who is able to modify his behavior in ways that itsupports biological imperatives
+ Who is able to benefit to the fullest extent during
illness from the physicians knowledge and skill.
+ Whose behavior does not give evidence of
unnecessary trauma as a consequence of illness
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Assumptions
There are several layers of assumptions that Johnson
makes in the development of conceptualization of the
behavioral system model viz.
Assumptions about system
Assumptions about structure
Assumptions about functions
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Assumptions about system
There are 4 assumptions of system:First, there is organization, interaction, interdependency and
integration of the parts and elements of behaviors that go to make
up the system
A system tends to achieve a balance among the various forces
operating within and upon it', and that man strive continually to
maintain a behavioral system balance and steady state by more or
less automatic adjustments and adaptations to the natural forces
impinging upon him.
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A behavioral system, which both requires and
results in some degree of regularity and
constancy in behavior, is essential to man that
is to say, it is functionally significant in that it
serves a useful purpose, both in social life andfor the individual.
Last, system balance reflects adjustmentsand adaptations that are successful in some
way and to some degree..
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Assumptions about structure and function of each
subsystem
from the form the behavior takes and the
consequences it achieves can be inferred what drive
has been stimulated or what goal is being sought
Each individual has a predisposition to act with
reference to the goal, in certain ways rather than theother ways. This predisposition is called as set.
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Each subsystem has a repertoire of choices or
scope of action
The fourth assumption is that it produce
observable outcome that is the individuals
behavior.
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Each subsystem has three functional requirements
1. System must be protected" from noxious influences
with which system cannot cope.
2. Each subsystem must be nurtured through theinput of appropriate supplies from the environment.
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3. Each subsystem must be stimulated for
use to enhance growth and prevent stagnation.
--These behaviors are orderly, purposeful and
predictable and sufficiently stable and
recurrent to be amenable to description and
explanation
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Eliminative subsystem: human cultures have defined
different socially acceptable behaviors for excretion of waste,but the existence of such a pattern remains different from
culture to Culture.
Sexual subsystem:" both biological and social factor affect thebehavior in the sexual subsystem
Aggressive subsystem: " it relates to the behaviors concerned
with protection and self preservation Johnson views
aggressive subsystem as one that generates defensive
response from the individual when life or territory is being
threatened
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Achievement subsystem: " provokes behavior that attempt
to control the environment intellectual, physical, creative,mechanical and social skills achievement are some of the
areas that Johnson recognizes".
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The four major concepts
Human being as having two major systems, the
biological system and the behavioral system. It is roleof the medicine to focus on biological system where as
Nursling's focus is the behavioral system.
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Nursing has a primary goal that is to foster
equilibrium within the individual. Nursing is
concerned with the organized and integrated whole,
but that the major focus is on maintaining a balancein the Behavior system when illness occurs in an
individual.
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Health is a purposeful adaptive response,
physically mentally, emotionally, and socially
to internal and external stimuli in order tomaintain stability and comfort.