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Bus!"ss E!#$s% T&'!s$'()!
Gu*' 1. T&'!s$'()!, T&'!s$'()$)#+ '! (%" T&'!s$'()&.
Su((" ()/
Daniel Alejandr M!r"#e$ G#$%!n
B&'
Ka()erine Bli*ar Brda
Diana R+i Girald Cr#$
H#, G#i*anni P-re$ Ca.e$a/
San(ia, Alejandr Or(e,0n Sar%ien(
EAN UNIVERSITY
F'u$(+ ) Ds('!" L"'&!!# S(u"s
B)#)(' - C)$)'
2013
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C.C))! >)&s.............................................................................................................=
1.2. TRANSLATING ARAGRAHS/.............................................................................10
2. ACTIVITY 2. TRANSLATION COMETENCES........................................................13
2.2. TRANSLATION - ROLE OF TRANSLATOR...........................................................1?
2.3 MIND MA @ ICONTEC REGULATIONS ................................................................15
3.ACTIVITY 3. TRANSLATION ROCEDURES, STRATEGIES AND METHODS.......17
3.1 SCHEME - TRANSLATION TECHNIUES I( >)u$ " ' $(($" ( us"u$ >(%
s:" "':$"s...........................................................................................................17
3.2. ARTICLE ETRACT TRANSLATIONS .................................................................1=
CONCLUSIONS...............................................................................................................25
REFERENCES.................................................................................................................27
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OBECTIVES
Recognize and identify translation basics.
Analyze multiples techniques and apply them to various activities in order to
identify unexpected situations while translating.
Understand the basic translation regulations in Colombia.
Acquire knowledge of the various translation competences in order to be able to
reach the expertize in the different contexts translation may be experience.
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INTRODUCTION
ith the start of the phenomenon known as globalization in the late of twentieth
century! borders have been expanded around the world! and it has become
easier for individuals of different cultures to connect with each other. "n order for
these intercultural exchanges to occur! translators and interpreters may be
necessary. #oth types of professions convert information and transmit
messages from one language to another one. "nterpreters convert spokenlanguage and sign language! while translators work with written words.
$here are different activities developed in this guide! such as an outline! several
translations of articles in regard the same sub%ect! as well as a schema. All of
these serve to analyze and present important elements involved in
translation& foundations! regulations! and the role! the competencies and the
techniques translator may use based upon Norma Tcnica Colombiana.
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ABSTRACT
"+ 8)&s& translation! interpretation! transference! exact science! cryptography! art!
craft! writing! decoding! re'encoding! faithfulness! transparency! problems!
unstranlatability! common words! different fields! trends! CA$ (Computer'assisted
translation)!
T%" >)&$ s )&" #$)'$" (%'! "%) >$$
%"$: '" (%s :&)"ss :)ss$". B+ "" &"'(" (%"
)u!'()!s ) )u& :&)$" 's ' (&'!s$'()&, "!(" %)> (%s '&""& $))s '&)u!
(%" >)&$, %)> ( $))s ! C)$)' (s &u$"s, (%" s(+$"s us" + (&'!s$'()&s >%"!
(%"+ (&'!s$'(" ' ("(, (%" (&'!s$'()! s(+$"s (%'( "s( '! >" "#'! )u& :'(% +
(&'!s$'(!# s'$$ ("(s '! ""&:(s.
R*+U,*-
'$'&'s C$'
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1. ACTIVITY 1. TRANSLATION FUNDATIONS
.. /U$0"-* ' 1A$ "+ $RA-+0A$"/-2
8HAT IS TRANSLATION9
T%"ss& $ranslation is the interpretation of the meaning of a text in one language andthe production in another new equivalent language! which establishes a relationof equivalence of intent between the source and target texts.
I. GENERAL BACGROUND
A. $he term and the concept of 3translation3. 0atin& translatioor transferre4 5carrying across6 or 5bringing across62. ,odern *uropean languages& 5to lead across3 or 5to bring across6.7. 8reek& metaphrasis4 speaking across9. *nglish metaphrase4 literal! or word'for'word! translation:. *nglish paraphrase 4 saying in other words.
#. Common misconceptions. *xact science like cryptography.;. Requires the use of a translation dictionary.7. "s translation and art or a craft2
II. MAING THE DIFFERENCE
A. $ranslation vs. interpreting1. $ranslation (&'!s"&&!# &) )!" $'!#u'#" () '!)(%"& "'s ":&"ss"
! >&(!#.a) $ranslators work in different sub%ects! use special terminology and
special software tools.b) $ranslations are expected to be over
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a) $rained in listening skills! memory! note'taking techniques and split'attention.
b) Consecutive interpreting.c) +imultaneous interpreting.d) $hey are expected to be about >?= accurate.
#. $ranslation process. @ecoding the meaning of the source text.;. Re'encoding this meaning in the target language! mostly native language.
C. ,easuring success in translation. idelity in translation;. $ransparency in translation7. -on'transparent translations
III. TRANSLATION ROBLEMS
A. 8eneral problems.. $he source text;. 0anguage problems7. /ther
#. UntranslatabilityC. Common words
IV. SECIALIPED TYES OF TRANSLATIONA. Administrative translation
#. Commercial translationC. Computer translation@. 8eneral translation*. 0egal translation. 0iterary translation8. ,edical translation1. Bedagogical translation". +cientific translation. +cholarly translationD. $echnical translation0. $ranslation for dubbing and film subtitles
V. HISTORY
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A. $ranslation of religious texts#. $rends in translationC. ,achine translation@. Computer'assisted translation*. $ranslation memory
.;. $RA-+0A$"-8 BARA8RAB1+&
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S)u&" L"!#u'" T'"( L"!#u'"a. $ranslation is an activity comprising the
interpretation of the meaning of a
text in one language and the
production! in another language! ofa new! equivalent text! or
translation.
a. 0a traducciEn es una actividad que
comprende la interpretaciEn del
significado de un texto en un
idioma! y la producciEn de unnuevo texto o traducciEn
equivalentes en otro idioma.
b. $here is also debate as to whether
translation is an art or a craft.
b. *xisten algunas diferencias de opiniEn
acerca de si la traducciEn es un
arte o un oficio.
c. Although interpreting can be considered
a subcategory of translation in
regard to the analysis of theprocesses involved (translation
studies)! in practice the skills
required for these two activities are
quite different.
c. Aunque la interpretaciEn puede
considerarse como una categorFa
subyacente a la traducciEn en elanGlisis de los procesos
implicados (estudios de
traducciEn)! en la prGctica las
habilidades requeridas para estas
dos actividades son muy
diferentes.
d. @ecoding the meaning of the source
text! and re'encoding this meaning
in the target language.
d. @escifrar el significado del texto original
y recodificarlo en el idioma de
destino.
e. Boorly written text. e. $exto con ba%a redacciEn.
f. ,easuring success in translation. f. ,ediciEn del Hxito en la traducciEn.
g. /bscure %argon. g. 0engua%e misterioso
h. +cholarly translation. h. $raducciEn acadHmica
i. "f you want to work independently! you
may want to start by marketing
your services to local businesses.
i. +i su deseo es el de traba%ar de manera
independiente! podrFa iniciar
comercializando sus servicios en
negocios locales.
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%. $ranslators receive extensive practice
with representative texts in various
sub%ect areas! learn to compile and
manage glossaries of relevant
terminology! and master the use of
both current document'related
software (for example! word
processors! desktop publishing
systems! and graphics or
presentation software) and
computer'assisted translation
(CA$) software tools
%. 0os traductores deben realizar varias
prGcticas traduciendo textos
especFficos en diferentes Greas!
aprenden a recopilar y utilizar
glosarios de terminologFa esencial!
y dominan el uso de software
actualizado para ediciEn de texto
(e%.& procesadores de texto!
sistemas de ediciEn y programas
grGficos o de presentaciEn)! asF
como herramientas de software de
traducciEn asistida por ordenador
(CA$).
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2. ACTIVITY 2. TRANSLATION COMETENCES
;.. I"@*/ ' : $RA-+0A$"/- C/,B*$*-C*+.
L! ) (%" '(%9
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0ike diplomats! translators have to be
sensitive to the cultural and social
differences which exist in their
languages and be capable of
addressing these issues when
translating.
AsF como los diplomGticos! los traductores
deben ser sensibles a las
diferencias culturales y sociales que
existen en su idioma y ser capaces
de mane%ar estos problemas al
traducir.
And like educated amateurs! translators
have to know the basics and
some of the details about the
sub%ects they deal with...
K siendo aficionados cultos! los traductores
tienen que conocer los fundamentos y
algunos detalles acerca de los temas
que tratan.
...$he fundamental rule when youLre not
sure of a term or phrase is ask.
An important part of the
translatorLs role is to communicate
with the client '' and a good
translator knows when to ask
questions.3
Excerpt from "The Translation Profession"
by Roger Chriss
0a regla fundamental cuando no se estG
seguro de un tHrmino o frase es
preguntar. Una parte importante del
rol de un traductor es la
comunicaciEn con el cliente. Un
buen traductor sabe cuGndo hacer
preguntas.
Extracto tomado de a Profesi!n de la
Tradcci!n# Por Roger Chriss.
At0anguage $ranslation "nc.!
ourprofessional translatorswork
on pro%ects related to their
experience and expertise! and
can also advise clients on vital
bicultural! business and technical
issues.
*n angage Translation $nc.% nuestros
traductores traba%an en proyectos
relacionados a su experiencia y
conocimientos! y tambiHn pueden
asesorar clientes sobre! negocios y
problemas tHcnicos biculturales
vitales.
$hey will ask any pertinent questions in
order to guarantee a perfect
rendition of the original document.
*llos formularGn cualquier pregunta pertinente
con el fin de garantizar una perfecta
interpretaciEn del documento original.
http://www.languagetranslation.com/index-1.htmhttp://www.languagetranslation.com/translation-1.htmhttp://www.languagetranslation.com/index-1.htmhttp://www.languagetranslation.com/translation-1.htm -
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/ur translation service then edits and
proofreads their work! assuring
content! grammatical! spelling and
accent accuracy '' every time.
3&e spea' yor langage...and
theirs.3
#etty Carlson
inalmente! nuestro servicio de traducciEn
edita y corrige el traba%o realizadoM
asegurando! la exactitud en el
contenido! la gramGtica! la ortografFa y
los acentos '' en todo momento.
5(ablamos s idioma) as* como el
de ellos.6
#etty Carlson
;.7 ,"-@ ,AB N "C/-$*C R*8U0A$"/-+
a. Brofessional competencies of the translator. b. ,ain requirements. c. $echnological
resources for translating.
MIND MA ABOUT REGULATION ON TRANSLATION
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S)u&"&Datherinne #olivar #orda! 1ugo 8uiovanni Berez Cabezas! @iana Rocio 8iraldo Cruz. +antiago Ale%andro/rtegon +armiento . #ased upon& N)&' " T&'u! "! C)$)'' "C/-$*C
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3. ACTIVITY 3. TRANSLATION ROCEDURES, STRATEGIES AND METHODS.
7. +C1*,* ' $RA-+0A$"/- $*C1-"OU*+ "t would be a little bit useful with specific examples.
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S)u&" $'!#u'#" T'"( $'!#u'#" T"%!Ku" us"I! ' $'" )'!'()!,
( s usu'$$+
"'s"& () "!(+
s":'&'("u!()!'$ '&"'s
"'us" :"):$"
>)& ()#"(%"& !
":'&("!(s.
Usualmente! en una compaQFa
grande! es mucho
mGs fGcil identificar
por separado lasGreas funcionales! ya
que las personas
traba%an de forma
con%unta en los
departamentos.
Compensationord by word
T%" '! :u&:)s" )
u!()!'$ '&"'s
s () "!su&" (%'('$$ :)&('!(
us!"ss
'(
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M)s( us!"ss"s %'(%
us()"&):$'!(s, ()
"!su&" (%"s" '&"
"'$( >(%
Ku$+ '!
)!ss("!($+.
0a mayorFa de los negocios
tienen un
procedimiento
especial para atender
las que%as de los
usuarios!para
asegurar que se
hagan de una forma
rGpida y constante.
Adaptation
0iteral translation
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M'!+ )'!'()!s
)u(s)u&" )(%
s()&'#" '!
s(&u()! ()
"("&!'$)!(&'()&s.
T%s "'!s
:'+!# '
s:"'$s( & ()
) (%" >)&.
,uchas organizaciones
subcontratan los
servicios de distribuciEn
y bodega! lo que
significa que pagan a
una empresa dedicada
a este traba%o para que
lo hagan por ellos.
Compensation
M)s( "!(&":&"!"u&s
)!s"& (%s s
(%" )s(
:)&('!(
u!()! ! (%"
us!"ss.
0a mayorFa de los
emprendedores
consideran que esta es
la funciEn mGs
importante en los
negocios.
0iteral translation
T)'+,
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N)&'$$+, !">
":$)+""s
'(("! '!
!u()!
:&)#&'">%% ("$$s (%"
')u( (%"
us!"ss, (%"&
%(s '!
&"s:)!s$("s
's ":$)+""s,
(%" ):'!+
&u$"s '! (%"
&"Ku&""!(s )
(%"& !"> ).
-ormalmente! los nuevos
empleados asisten a un
programa de inducciEn
donde aprenden sobre
la funciEn del negocio!
los derechos y deberes
como empleados! el
reglamento de la
empresa y las
funciones y
requerimientos de su
nuevo traba%o.
Reformulation
Compensation
I( s !) us" " :&)u(s )&
s"&s
')u( (%".
-o tiene sentido se proponern
nuevos productos o
servicios si nadie los
conoce.
ord by ord
M)u$'()!
S'$"s s ' &u'$
u!()! )& '$$
us!"ss"s.
0as ventas son una funciEn
crucial para todos los
negocios.
ord by word
S%):s (%'( s"$$ 's
:&)u(s, su%
's %))$'("s )&
'#'!"s )
!)( !"" () )u% s"$$!#.
0as tiendas que venden
productos bGsicos!
como chocolates o
revistas! no necesitan
vender mucho.
,odulation
$ransposition
0iteral translation
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E:$)+!# ' s$$"
s'$"s )&" s
":"!s%% (+:" )
s'$"s '(
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8%"! ' :&)"ss '!!)(
" 'u()'(",
("'s )
):"&'()&s '+
>)& ()#"(%"&'! ('"
&"s:)!s$(+ )&
' s"Ku"!" )
):"&'()!s.
Cuando un proceso de
producciEn no puede ser
automatizado! el grupo
de operadores traba%an
en con%untosy se hace
toman la responsable
ilidad de la secuencia de
operaciones
ord by
wordCompens
ation
I:&) !">s)
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0ike other countries (United +tates or +pain) Colombia is aware of the
necessities of the Colombian translators! so they created the standard :?
which has improved this field in Colombia.
$ranslation is not an exact science that is why there is a lot of different 5styles6
(,odulation! Calque or #orrowing).
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REFERENCES
As(&'!s$'()!s. 8%'( s T&'!s$'()!9 S""! ! 2013
%((:/QQ>>>.'s(&'!s$'()!s.)Q(&'!s$'()!-'&($"Q>%'(-s-(&'!s$'()!.%($
COTTON, D., FALVEY, D., ENT, S. 2001. U::"& I!("&"'(" M'&"(
L"'"&. Bus!"ss E!#$s% C)u&s")). N"> "()!. E!#$'!, L)!#'!.
8uzmGn! @. A. (Autor)! (AdecuaciEn BedagEgica) #arreto! /. (;?7). Universidad
*A-.
http&SSvirtual.ean.edu.coSbbcswebdavSpid'::T>'dt'content'rid'
79;7;;;ScoursesS??;>
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L)s A!#"$"s V'$$"+ C)$$"#" L&'&+. 2001 H)> () 8&(" '! Ou($!".
%((:/QQ>>>.$'Sn9S???77ar.pdf
$eachmebusiness.com. +een in (;?7). $he ,ain unctional Areas ithin
#usiness /rganizations.
http&SSwww.teachmebusiness.co.ukSpage;