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Group 11: Sam Bailey, Dan Botti, Ngoc Dang (Fena), Victoria Kinzel, Brian Masten, Luisa Parish, Josh Rawlins, & Eric Shea
Presented by Victoria Kinzel & Brian Masten
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Geometry - Water main/fire hydrant assembly with three outlets expelling water
at 1 atm.
- Input variables included densities and viscosity, and inlet pressure
- Changes in Reynold’s number, Pressure Profiles, Force on Surfaces, Velocity Magnitude, Average Velocity, Volumetric Flow Rate, and Shear Stress
Applications of Fire HydrantsUsed across the world distribute a large
volumes of liquid to a direct location to extinguish fires
Fomtec AFFF 3% with flow velocity of 250 gal/min
Liquids used: Water → Most common due to low cost
Fire retardant foams → Used in industrial settings for fires where water cannot put out the flame
Other liquids could be used with a fire hydrant with commercial repurposing
Source: http://industries.ul.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2013/09/UL_Industries_FireSuppression_Segment_FirefightingFoam.jpg
Reynold’s NumberTrends:
Decrease inlet pressure → Decrease ReDensity = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa
Density = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 55158.1 Pa
Reynold’s NumberTrends:
Increase fluid density → Increase Re Density = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa
Density = 2500 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa
Reynold’s NumberTrends:
Increase viscosity → Decrease ReDensity = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa
Density = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 5 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa
Pressure ProfilesTrends:
Decrease inlet pressure → Decrease PressureDensity = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa
Density = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 55158.1 Pa
Pressure ProfilesTrends:
Increase fluid density → Increase Pressure, negligible Density = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa
Density = 2500 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa
Pressure ProfilesTrends:
Increase viscosity → Decrease PressureDensity = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa
Density = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 5 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa
Force on Surface(s)Trends:
Increase viscosity → No trend, negligible regardless
Force on Surface(s)Trends:
Increase density → Decrease Force, negligible
Force on Surface(s)Trends:
Decrease pressure → Decrease Force
Velocity MagnitudeTrends:
Decrease inlet pressure → Decrease Velocity Mag.Density = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa
Density = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 55158.1 Pa
Velocity MagnitudeTrends:
Increase fluid density → Decrease Velocity Mag.Density = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa
Density = 2500 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa
Velocity MagnitudeTrends:
Increase viscosity → Decrease Velocity Mag., negligibleDensity = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa
Density = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 5 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa
Average Velocity/Volumetric Flow RateTrends:
Increase inlet pressure→ Increase Avg. Velocity/Vol. Flow Rate
Average Velocity/Volumetric Flow RateTrends:
Increase fluid density → Decrease Avg. Velocity/Vol. Flow Rate
Average Velocity/Volumetric Flow RateTrends:
Increase viscosity → Decrease Avg. Velocity/Vol. Flow Rate
Shear StressTrends:
Decrease inlet pressure → Decrease shear stress
Density = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa
Density = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 55158.1 Pa
Shear StressTrends:
Increase fluid density → Decrease shear stress
Density = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa
Density = 2500 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa
Shear StressTrends:
Increase viscosity → Decrease shear stress
Density = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 1 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa
Density = 100 kg/m^3 ; Viscosity = 5 PaS ; Pressure = 551581 Pa
Chemical Engineering ApplicationsFire hydrants also used to fill fluid transport vehicles
Airplanes
Usually filled with water or fire retardant foam
Used to fight forest fires
Source: http://mediad.publicbroadcasting.net/p/shared/npr/201305/156074071.jpg
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phos-Chek#/media/File:Modular_Airborne_Fire_Fighting_System_being_filled_with_a_146th_Airlift_Wing_C-130_Hercules_in_the_background.jpg
Chemical Engineering ApplicationsFire hydrants also used to fill fluid transport vehicles
Tankers
Filled with water or fire retardant foam
Can be used to transport fluids in commercial setting
Toluene, Xylenes, Methanol, Petrochemicals, etc.
Chocolate syrup, Honey, Milk, Juices, Molasses, etc.
Source: http://fleetowner.com/site-files/fleetowner.com/files/archive/blog.fleetowner.com/trucks_at_work/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/tanker1.jpg
Source: Winfield VFD Training Division YouTube Channel
Closing Thoughts
Fire hydrants used globally to distribute fire fighting fluids with the purpose of extinguishing fires
Could be used in industrial/commercial settings to control output of various fluids
Obtained generalizable results that may be used to inform engineering decisions in novel applications of related fluid delivery systems.
When varying density and viscosity of a fluid, operators must remain mindful of inlet pressure required (i.e. Chocolate syrup = higher inlet pressure vs. water)
Work Citedhttp://immediateentourage.com/ie/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/Hydrant+by+qnr.png
http://www.madehow.com/Volume-4/Fire-Hydrant.html