Download - Caracterización Númerica
Numerical Characterization of Heavy Oils
INSTITUTO MEXICANO DEL PETROLEO
StudentIng. Ricardo Antonio Lara Orozco
AdvisorDra. Verónica Uribe Vargas
110/06/2012
Index
• Introduction
• Importance of Petroleum Fluids Characterization
• Properties and Parameters
• Experimental Characterization
• Numerical Characterization
• Characterization Method Developed at IMP
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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils
Introduction
Petroleum industry is involved with many types of equipment for:
– Production– Transportation– Storage
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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils
Introduction
For example:– Gravity Separators– Pumps, compressors, pipes– Storage tanks– Distillation colums– Reactors
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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils
Introduction
Optimum design and operation of such units require a complete knowledge of properties and characteristics for crude oils.
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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils
Characterization
Properties and parameters
Temperature-independent– Boiling point
• Determine volatility• Estimate characterization parameters such as:
– Average boiling point, molecular weight, composition.
– Molecular weight• Convert molar quantities into mass basis• Predict composition and quality of oils• Predict physical properties such as viscosity
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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils
Properties and parameters
– Critical properties• Estimate physical and thermodynamic properties
– Acentric factor • Estimate physical and thermodynamic properties
Other properties:– Refractive index– Pour point– Aniline point– Flash point
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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils
Properties and parameters
Temperature-dependent
– Density• Great application in both petroleum production and processing.• Calculate the sizes of pipes, valves, and storage tanks.• Calculate power required by pumps and compressors.
– Vapor pressure• Calculate flash point, bubble point or dew point. Temperature-
independent
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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils
Properties and parameters
– Viscosity• Estimate the rate of oil or gas flow and their production• Calculate power required on mixers• Calculate the amount of pressure drop in a pipe• Design of oil/water separators
– Fugacity coefficients• Most important of thermodynamic properties in all phase
behavior calculations.• Calculate vapor-liquid equilibria, bubble and dew point pressure,
pressure-temperature phase diagram, and GOR.
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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils
Properties and parameters
Other properties:– Heat capacity– Enthalpy– Heat of vaporization– Thermal conductivity– Surface tension or interfacial tension
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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils
Properties and parameters
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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils
Temperature-dependent properties
PresionTemperatureComposition
CorrelationEquation of State
Temperature-independent properties
Experimental CharacterizationDistillation curve• Pure compounds have a single value for the boiling point.• Boiling point of a mixture can be represented by a number of boiling points for
the components existing in the mixture.
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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils
Experimental CharacterizationCompositional Analysis• Petroleum fractions are mixtures of many different types of
hydrocarbon compounds.• A petroleum mixture is well defined if the composition and the
structure of all compounds present in the mixture are known.
Types of composition:• PONA (paraffins, olefins, naphthenes, and aromatics)
• PNA (paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics)
• PIONA (paraffins, isoparaffins, olefins, naphthenesm and aromatics)
• SARA (saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes)
• Elemental analysis (C, H, S, N, O)10/06/2012 13
Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils
Numerical Characterization“The most accurate method of estimating a property of a mixture is through the knowledge of the exact composition of all components existing in the mixture”
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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils
Source: M. R. Riazi, «Characterization and Properties of Petroleum Fractions», 2005.
Numerical CharacterizationApropiate models should be used to represent petroleum mixtures by some limited number of compounds that can best represent the mixture
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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils
PSEUDOCOMPONENTSWith known composition and characterization parameters such as:• Boiling point• Molecular weight• Specific gravity
A physical property of the fluid can be estimated
Characterization Method Developed at IMP
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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils
Characterization Method for Heavy Oils• PTCG-IMP• PVTCG-IMP
Sensitivity analysis:
• Temperature of Reference
• Maximum SCN (Single Carbon Number)
• Number of Pseudocomponents
Characterization Method Developed at IMP
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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils
Source: Adel M. Elsharkawy, «Predicting the dew point pressure for gas condensate reservoirs: empirical models and equations of state», de Fluid Phase Equilibria.
Characterization Method Developed at IMP
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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils
“A-1” Fluid
Characterization Method Developed at IMP
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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils
“Sin Nombre 2” Fluid
Characterization Method Developed at IMP
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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils
“Sin Nombre 3” Fluid
Characterization Method Developed at IMP
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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils