Cronología de Lanzamientos Espaciales
Año 1978 Recopilación de datos Ing. Eladio Miranda Batlle. Los textos, imágenes y tablas fueron obtenidos de la National Space Science. Data Center. NASA
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Query Results
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftSearch.do;jsessionid=1F76A46F8F9B6CE341443098ACD834A5[14/09/2010 0:18:56]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Spacecraft Query Results
There were 170 spacecraft returned.
Spacecraft Name NSSDC ID Launch Date
Aerosat-A AERST-A 1978-02-01
Aerosat-B AERST-B 1978-08-01
Anik B1 1978-116A 1978-12-16
CAMEO 1978-098B 1978-10-24
Chalet 1 1978-058A 1978-06-10
COMSTAR 3 1978-068A 1978-06-29
Cosmos 974 1978-001A 1978-01-06
Cosmos 975 1978-004A 1978-01-10
Cosmos 976 1978-005A 1978-01-10
Cosmos 977 1978-005B 1978-01-10
Cosmos 978 1978-005C 1978-01-10
Cosmos 979 1978-005D 1978-01-10
Cosmos 980 1978-005E 1978-01-10
Cosmos 981 1978-005F 1978-01-10
Cosmos 982 1978-005G 1978-01-10
Cosmos 983 1978-005H 1978-01-10
Cosmos 984 1978-006A 1978-01-13
Cosmos 985 1978-007A 1978-01-17
Cosmos 986 1978-010A 1978-01-24
Cosmos 987 1978-013A 1978-01-31
Cosmos 988 1978-015A 1978-02-08
Cosmos 989 1978-017A 1978-02-14
Cosmos 990 1978-019A 1978-02-17
Cosmos 991 1978-022A 1978-02-28
Cosmos 992 1978-025A 1978-03-04
Cosmos 993 1978-027A 1978-03-10
Cosmos 994 1978-028A 1978-03-15
Cosmos 995 1978-030A 1978-03-17
Cosmos 996 1978-031A 1978-03-28
Cosmos 997 1978-032A 1978-03-30
Cosmos 998 1978-032B 1978-03-30
Cosmos 999 1978-033A 1978-03-30
Cosmos 1000 1978-034A 1978-03-31
Cosmos 1001 1978-036A 1978-04-04
Cosmos 1002 1978-037A 1978-04-06
Cosmos 1003 1978-040A 1978-04-20
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Query Results
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftSearch.do;jsessionid=1F76A46F8F9B6CE341443098ACD834A5[14/09/2010 0:18:56]
Cosmos 1004 1978-043A 1978-05-05
Cosmos 1005 1978-045A 1978-05-12
Cosmos 1006 1978-046A 1978-05-12
Cosmos 1007 1978-048A 1978-05-16
Cosmos 1008 1978-049A 1978-05-17
Cosmos 1009 1978-050A 1978-05-19
Cosmos 1010 1978-052A 1978-05-23
Cosmos 1011 1978-053A 1978-05-23
Cosmos 1012 1978-054A 1978-05-25
Cosmos 1013 1978-056A 1978-06-07
Cosmos 1014 1978-056B 1978-06-07
Cosmos 1015 1978-056C 1978-06-07
Cosmos 1016 1978-056D 1978-06-07
Cosmos 1017 1978-056E 1978-06-07
Cosmos 1018 1978-056F 1978-06-07
Cosmos 1019 1978-056G 1978-06-07
Cosmos 1020 1978-056H 1978-06-07
Cosmos 1021 1978-057A 1978-06-10
Cosmos 1022 1978-059A 1978-06-12
Cosmos 1023 1978-063A 1978-06-21
Cosmos 1024 1978-066A 1978-06-28
Cosmos 1025 1978-067A 1978-06-28
Cosmos 1026 1978-069A 1978-07-02
Cosmos 1027 1978-074A 1978-07-27
Cosmos 1028 1978-076A 1978-08-05
Cosmos 1029 1978-082A 1978-08-29
Cosmos 1030 1978-083A 1978-09-06
Cosmos 1031 1978-085A 1978-09-09
Cosmos 1032 1978-088A 1978-09-19
Cosmos 1033 1978-089A 1978-10-03
Cosmos 1034 1978-091A 1978-10-04
Cosmos 1035 1978-091B 1978-10-04
Cosmos 1036 1978-091C 1978-10-04
Cosmos 1037 1978-091D 1978-10-04
Cosmos 1038 1978-091E 1978-10-04
Cosmos 1039 1978-091F 1978-10-04
Cosmos 1040 1978-091G 1978-10-04
Cosmos 1041 1978-091H 1978-10-04
Cosmos 1042 1978-092A 1978-10-06
Cosmos 1043 1978-094A 1978-10-10
Cosmos 1044 1978-097A 1978-10-17
Cosmos 1045 1978-100A 1978-10-26
Cosmos 1046 1978-102A 1978-11-01
Cosmos 1047 1978-104A 1978-11-15
Cosmos 1048 1978-105A 1978-11-17
Cosmos 1049 1978-107A 1978-11-21
Cosmos 1050 1978-108A 1978-11-28
Cosmos 1051 1978-109A 1978-12-05
Cosmos 1052 1978-109B 1978-12-05
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Query Results
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftSearch.do;jsessionid=1F76A46F8F9B6CE341443098ACD834A5[14/09/2010 0:18:56]
Cosmos 1053 1978-109C 1978-12-05
Cosmos 1054 1978-109D 1978-12-05
Cosmos 1055 1978-109E 1978-12-05
Cosmos 1056 1978-109F 1978-12-05
Cosmos 1057 1978-109G 1978-12-05
Cosmos 1058 1978-109H 1978-12-05
Cosmos 1059 1978-110A 1978-12-07
Cosmos 1060 1978-111A 1978-12-08
Cosmos 1061 1978-114A 1978-12-14
Cosmos 1062 1978-115A 1978-12-15
Cosmos 1063 1978-117A 1978-12-19
Cosmos 1064 1978-119A 1978-12-20
Cosmos 1065 1978-120A 1978-12-22
Cosmos 1066 1978-121A 1978-12-23
Cosmos 1067 1978-122A 1978-12-26
Cosmos 1068 1978-123A 1978-12-26
Cosmos 1069 1978-124A 1978-12-28
DMSP 5D-1/F03 1978-042A 1978-05-01
DSCS II-11 1978-113A 1978-12-14
ESA-GEOS 2 1978-071A 1978-07-14
FLTSATSOM 1 1978-016A 1978-02-09
GOES 3 1978-062A 1978-06-16
Gorizont 1 1978-118A 1978-12-19
HCMM 1978-041A 1978-04-26
HEAO 2 1978-103A 1978-11-13
INTELSAT 4A F-3 1978-002A 1978-01-07
INTELSAT 4A F-6 1978-035A 1978-03-31
Intercosmos 18 1978-099A 1978-10-24
ISEE 3 1978-079A 1978-08-12
ISS-B 1978-018A 1978-02-16
IUE 1978-012A 1978-01-26
Jikiken 1978-087A 1978-09-16
Jumpseat 4 1978-021A 1978-02-25
KH 11-2 1978-060A 1978-06-14
KH 9-14 1978-029A 1978-03-16
KH 9-14 subsatellite 1978-029B 1978-03-16
Kyokko 1978-014A 1978-02-04
Landsat 3 1978-026A 1978-03-05
Magion 1 1978-099C 1978-10-24
MAROTS MAROTS 1978-06-22
Molniya 1-39 1978-024A 1978-03-03
Molniya 1-40 1978-055A 1978-06-02
Molniya 1-41 1978-072A 1978-07-14
Molniya 1-42 1978-080A 1978-08-22
Molniya 3- 9 1978-009A 1978-01-24
Molniya 3-10 1978-095A 1978-10-13
NATO 3-C 1978-106A 1978-11-19
Navstar 1 1978-020A 1978-02-22
Navstar 2 1978-047A 1978-05-13
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Query Results
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftSearch.do;jsessionid=1F76A46F8F9B6CE341443098ACD834A5[14/09/2010 0:18:56]
Navstar 3 1978-093A 1978-10-06
Navstar 4 1978-112A 1978-12-10
Nimbus 7 1978-098A 1978-10-24
OSCAR 8 1978-026B 1978-03-05
OTS 2 1978-044A 1978-05-11
Pioneer Venus Large Probe 1978-078D 1978-08-08
Pioneer Venus Orbiter 1978-051A 1978-05-20
Pioneer Venus Probe Bus 1978-078A 1978-08-08
Pioneer Venus Small Probe (Day) 1978-078G 1978-08-08
Pioneer Venus Small Probe (Night) 1978-078F 1978-08-08
Pioneer Venus Small Probe (North) 1978-078E 1978-08-08
PRC 8 1978-011A 1978-01-26
Prognoz 7 1978-101A 1978-10-30
Progress 1 1978-008A 1978-01-20
Progress 2 1978-070A 1978-07-07
Progress 3 1978-077A 1978-08-08
Progress 4 1978-090A 1978-10-04
Radio 1 1978-100B 1978-10-26
Radio 2 1978-100C 1978-10-26
Raduga 4 1978-073A 1978-07-19
Rhyolite 4 1978-038A 1978-04-07
SDS F-3 1978-075A 1978-08-05
Seasat 1 1978-064A 1978-06-27
Soyuz 27 1978-003A 1978-01-10
Soyuz 28 1978-023A 1978-03-02
Soyuz 29 1978-061A 1978-06-15
Soyuz 30 1978-065A 1978-06-27
Soyuz 31 1978-081A 1978-08-26
SS78-1A SS78-1A 1978-05-01
ST78-1A ST78-1A 1978-02-01
TIROS-N 1978-096A 1978-10-13
Venera 11 1978-084A 1978-09-09
Venera 11 Descent Craft 1978-084D 1978-09-09
Venera 12 1978-086A 1978-09-14
Venera 12 Descent Craft 1978-086C 1978-09-14
Yuri 1 1978-039A 1978-04-07
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=AERST-A[14/09/2010 0:34:19]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
The concept of experimental air traffic-control satellites wasproposed by ESRO in 1970 and initially planned for 1974launch. The necessary coordination required for internationalparticipation had slipped the launch plans considerably, butESA (formerly ESRO), US, and Canada signed a cooperativeagreement in 1975 for a planned launch in 1978 for aspacecraft over the Atlantic. A second spacecraft for thePacific ocean area was planned for a concurrent launch.
Aerosat-A
NSSDC ID: AERST-A
Alternate Names
Aeronautical Satellite-A
Aerosat
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-02-01Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United States
Funding Agencies
European Space Agency(International)
Unknown (Canada)
Department ofTransportation-FederalAviation Administration(United States)
Disciplines
Communications
Engineering
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Aerosat-A
Experiments on Aerosat-A
Data collections fromAerosat-A
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=AERST-A[14/09/2010 0:34:19]
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Mr. Robert J. Goss ProjectManager
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Dr. J.Vandenkerckhove
ProjectScientist
ESA-European Space Research andTechnology Centre
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=AERST-B[14/09/2010 0:34:41]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
The concept of experimental air traffic control satellites wasproposed by ESRO in 1970 and initially planned for 1974launch. The necessary coordination required for internationalparticipation had delayed the launch plans considerably, butESA (formerly ESRO), US, and Canada signed a cooperativeagreement in 1975 for a planned launch in 1978 to position aspacecraft over the Atlantic. A second spacecraft to bepositioned over the Pacific ocean area was planned for aconcurrent launch.
Aerosat-B
NSSDC ID: AERST-B
Alternate Names
Aeronautical Satellite-B
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-08-01Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United States
Funding Agencies
European Space Agency(International)
Department ofTransportation-FederalAviation Administration(United States)
Disciplines
Communications
Engineering
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Aerosat-B
Experiments on Aerosat-B
Data collections fromAerosat-B
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=AERST-B[14/09/2010 0:34:41]
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Mr. Robert J. Goss ProjectManager
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Dr. J.Vandenkerckhove
ProjectScientist
ESA-European Space Research andTechnology Centre
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-116A[14/09/2010 0:35:03]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
Anik B was launched from Cape Canaveral aboard a ThorDelta vehicle. As of February 1979, the spacecraft wassuccessfully placed into a geostationary orbit. The 14/12 GHztransponder system was tested and performed satisfactorily. InApril 1979, continuous service to DOC was provided, at whichtime pilot project activity began. In total, nineteen projectswere undertaken. In 1980, the department leased one of thechannels back to Telesat, who then re-leased it to La SETTE.The channel was used by La SETTE to distribute videotapedprogramming from France to cable stations in Quebec. Thiswas the world's first commercial service in the 14/12 GHzband.
Several concepts that were introduced with the Hermesexperiments were demonstrated to be operationally feasibleduring the Anik B trials and were continued on to commercialoperation. These included the delivery of TV Ontarioeducational programming throughout Ontario by satellite; theformation and operation of the Knowledge Network, andeducational channel in British Columbia; and the formation ofthe Inuit Broadcasting Corporation. Other services such as atele-health network in Newfoundland and tele- conferencing forthe Government of Ontario, tried first by satellite, werecontinued via terrestrial facilities.
There were severl important outcomes of the Hermes andAnik B programs. The concept of satellite communications wasrevolutionized by the very small earth stations that could easilybe erected almost anywhere without being constrained byinterference to sites far from cities. In particular, the smallTVROs proved the concept of DBS to be technically feasibleand less power was required from the satellites than had beenoriginally expected. Of the Anik B projects, the one with thewidest impact was the direct broadcasting service to remoteareas. For these projects, the DOC purchased one hundredlow-cost receivers from SED Systems of Saskatoon, half foruse in British Columbia, the Yukon and Northwest Territories,and half for Ontario. The results were encouraging. By the endof the Anik B program, sufficient data had been gathered toallow the user organizations to decide whether or not satellite(or telecommunications) systems were a useful and desirablevehicle to provide services on a long-term basis.
With a de4sign life set to end November 1985, Anik B wasdecommissioned in 1986.
Anik B1
NSSDC ID: 1978-116A
Alternate Names
Anik-D
Telesat 4
11153
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-12-16Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 887.2 kg
Funding Agencies
Telesat Canada Ltd.,Ottawa (Canada)
National Aeronautics andSpace Administration(United States)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Anik B1
Experiments on Anik B1
Data collections from AnikB1
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-116A[14/09/2010 0:35:03]
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Mr. M. F. Chewning Project Manager Unknown
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-098B[14/09/2010 0:35:23]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
This mission employed the second stage of the Delta launchvehicle for the Nimbus 7 spacecraft to provide telemetrycommand, data storage, and housing for the four barium andone lithium release cannisters. The primary objective of theinvestigatin was to study the magnetosphere-ionosphereinteractions by observing the dynamics of neutral and ionclouds released at ortibal velocities near the earth.
CAMEO
NSSDC ID: 1978-098B
Alternate Names
Chem Act Mtrls Eject Orb
11081
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-10-24Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 89.0 kg
Funding Agency
NASA-Office of SpaceScience (United States)
Discipline
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for CAMEO
Experiments on CAMEO
Data collections fromCAMEO
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Dr. James P. Heppner Project Manager NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-058A[14/09/2010 0:35:51]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
Chalet 1 was the first launch of a heavier, more advancedelectronic intelligence satellite launched from Cape Canaveralaboard a Titan 3C rocket for the US Air Force. The project wasrenamed Vortex when the code name Chalet appeared in theNew York Times.
Chalet 1
NSSDC ID: 1978-058A
Alternate Names
Vortex 1
10941
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-06-10Launch Vehicle: TitanIII-CLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 820.0 kg
Funding Agency
Department of Defense-Department of the AirForce (United States)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Chalet 1
Experiments on Chalet 1
Data collections fromChalet 1
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-068A[14/09/2010 0:36:17]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
COMSTAR 1-D3 was one of the COMSTAR project spacecraft.The project was designed to place domestic communicationsrepeater satellites in orbit for domestic use.
COMSTAR 3
NSSDC ID: 1978-068A
Alternate Names
COMSAT Domest ComSat-D3
COMSTAR-F3
COMSTAR 1-D3
COMSTAR-C
10975
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-06-29Launch Vehicle: Atlas-CentaurLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 1520.0 kg
Funding Agency
Communications SatelliteCorporation (UnitedStates)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation forCOMSTAR 3
Experiments on COMSTAR3
Data collections fromCOMSTAR 3
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-068A[14/09/2010 0:36:17]
Office.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Mr. Henry O. Slone Project Manager NASA Lewis Research Center
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-001A[14/09/2010 0:36:39]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 974 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Thespacecraft was maneuverable.
Cosmos 974
NSSDC ID: 1978-001A
Alternate Names
10554
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-01-06LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 6000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos974
Experiments on Cosmos974
Data collections fromCosmos 974
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, II
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-004A[14/09/2010 0:37:01]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 975 was a Soviet ELINT (Electronic and SignalsIntelligence) satellite launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome.
From 1965 to 1967 two dedicated ELINT systems were tested:the Tselina and the Navy's US. Both reached service, since theMinistry of Defence could not force a single system on themilitary services.
Tselina was developed by Yuzhnoye and consisted of twosatellites: Tselina-O for general observations and Tselina-D fordetailed observations. ELINT systems for Tselina were firsttested under the Cosmos designation in 1962 to 1965. The firstTselina-O was launched in 1970. The Tselina-D took a longtime to enter service due to delays in payload developmentand weight growth. The whole Tselina system was notoperational until 1976. Constant improvement resulted inTselina-O being abandoned in 1984 and all systems being puton Tselina-D.
Cosmos 975
NSSDC ID: 1978-004A
Alternate Names
10561
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-01-10LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 1stGeneration Upper StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos975
Experiments on Cosmos975
Data collections fromCosmos 975
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-005A[14/09/2010 0:37:22]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 976
NSSDC ID: 1978-005A
Alternate Names
10581
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-01-10LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos976
Experiments on Cosmos976
Data collections fromCosmos 976
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
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Personnel
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Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-005B[14/09/2010 0:37:43]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 977
NSSDC ID: 1978-005B
Alternate Names
10584
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-01-10LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos977
Experiments on Cosmos977
Data collections fromCosmos 977
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-005C[14/09/2010 0:38:05]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 978
NSSDC ID: 1978-005C
Alternate Names
10585
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-01-10LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos978
Experiments on Cosmos978
Data collections fromCosmos 978
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-005D[14/09/2010 0:38:26]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 979
NSSDC ID: 1978-005D
Alternate Names
10586
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-01-10LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos979
Experiments on Cosmos979
Data collections fromCosmos 979
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-005E[14/09/2010 0:38:47]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 980
NSSDC ID: 1978-005E
Alternate Names
10587
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-01-10LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos980
Experiments on Cosmos980
Data collections fromCosmos 980
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-005F[14/09/2010 0:39:09]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 981
NSSDC ID: 1978-005F
Alternate Names
10588
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-01-10LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos981
Experiments on Cosmos981
Data collections fromCosmos 981
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-005G[14/09/2010 0:39:30]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 982
NSSDC ID: 1978-005G
Alternate Names
10589
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-01-10LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos982
Experiments on Cosmos982
Data collections fromCosmos 982
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-005H[14/09/2010 0:39:51]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 983
NSSDC ID: 1978-005H
Alternate Names
10590
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-01-10LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos983
Experiments on Cosmos983
Data collections fromCosmos 983
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-006A[14/09/2010 0:40:12]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 984 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket.
Cosmos 984
NSSDC ID: 1978-006A
Alternate Names
10592
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-01-13LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 5500.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos984
Experiments on Cosmos984
Data collections fromCosmos 984
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, II
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-007A[14/09/2010 0:40:33]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 985 was part of a 6-satellite Soviet military navigationsystem distributed in orbital planes spaced 30 degrees apart,and launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard aCosmos rocket. Navigation information was derived fromDoppler-shifted VHF transmissions (approximately 150 and400 MHz) of the satellite position and orbital data. By acquiringfixes from several satellite, a user's location could becalculated with an accuracy of 100 m. The time needed toascertain a position was dependent upon the user's latitudeand the number of operational spacecraft in orbit. Normally,accurate location determination could be made within 1-2hours.
Cosmos 985
NSSDC ID: 1978-007A
Alternate Names
10599
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-01-17LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 810.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Navigation & GlobalPositioning
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos985
Experiments on Cosmos985
Data collections fromCosmos 985
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-010A[14/09/2010 0:40:55]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 986 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Baikonur cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Thespacecraft was maneuverable.
Cosmos 986
NSSDC ID: 1978-010A
Alternate Names
10607
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-01-24LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 6000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos986
Experiments on Cosmos986
Data collections fromCosmos 986
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-013A[14/09/2010 0:41:17]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 987 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Thespacecraft was maneuverable.
Cosmos 987
NSSDC ID: 1978-013A
Alternate Names
10639
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-01-31LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 6000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos987
Experiments on Cosmos987
Data collections fromCosmos 987
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, II
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-015A[14/09/2010 0:41:38]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 988 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Thespacecraft was maneuverable, and also performed mapping,geodesy, earth resources tasks.
Cosmos 988
NSSDC ID: 1978-015A
Alternate Names
10666
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-02-08LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 5500.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos988
Experiments on Cosmos988
Data collections fromCosmos 988
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, II
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-017A[14/09/2010 0:41:59]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 989 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Baikonur cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Thespacecraft was maneuverable.
Cosmos 989
NSSDC ID: 1978-017A
Alternate Names
10672
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-02-14LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 6000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos989
Experiments on Cosmos989
Data collections fromCosmos 989
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-019A[14/09/2010 0:42:20]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation is now populated with two distinct systemsdevoted to military and government communications. Bothsystems are assessed to be simple store-dump repeaterswhich were particularly useful in relaying non-essential trafficbetween the Russian Federation and overseas stations offorces. The first Strela (which means "Arrow" in Russian)system debuted in 1970 and consisted of 750 - 1000 kgsatellites deployed at mean altitudes of 800 km in three orbitalplanes inclined 74 degrees to the equator and spaced 120degrees apart. These Strela 2 spacecraft were launchedseparately by the Kosmos launch vehicle from the Plesetskcosmodrome into each orbital plane at intervals of 24-36months. The activity of these satellites could be monitored viaa characteristic CW beacon emitted on a frequency of 153.660MHz.
Cosmos 990
NSSDC ID: 1978-019A
Alternate Names
10676
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-02-17LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 950.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos990
Experiments on Cosmos990
Data collections fromCosmos 990
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-022A[14/09/2010 0:42:41]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 991 was part of a 6-satellite Soviet military navigationsystem distributed in orbital planes spaced 30 degrees apart,and launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard aCosmos rocket. Navigation information was derived fromDoppler-shifted VHF transmissions (approximately 150 and400 MHz) of the satellite position and orbital data. By acquiringfixes from several satellite, a user's location could becalculated with an accuracy of 100 m. The time needed toascertain a position was dependent upon the user's latitudeand the number of operational spacecraft in orbit. Normally,accurate location determination could be made within 1-2hours.
Cosmos 991
NSSDC ID: 1978-022A
Alternate Names
10692
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-02-28LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 810.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Navigation & GlobalPositioning
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos991
Experiments on Cosmos991
Data collections fromCosmos 991
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-025A[14/09/2010 0:43:02]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 992 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Baikonur cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket.
Cosmos 992
NSSDC ID: 1978-025A
Alternate Names
10699
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-03-04LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 5500.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos992
Experiments on Cosmos992
Data collections fromCosmos 992
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-027A[14/09/2010 0:43:22]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 993 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Thespacecraft was maneuverable.
Cosmos 993
NSSDC ID: 1978-027A
Alternate Names
10725
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-03-10LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 6000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos993
Experiments on Cosmos993
Data collections fromCosmos 993
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, II
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-028A[14/09/2010 0:43:44]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 994 was part of a 6-satellite Soviet military navigationsystem distributed in orbital planes spaced 30 degrees apart,and launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard aCosmos rocket. Navigation information was derived fromDoppler-shifted VHF transmissions (approximately 150 and400 MHz) of the satellite position and orbital data. By acquiringfixes from several satellite, a user's location could becalculated with an accuracy of 100 m. The time needed toascertain a position was dependent upon the user's latitudeand the number of operational spacecraft in orbit. Normally,accurate location determination could be made within 1-2hours.
Cosmos 994
NSSDC ID: 1978-028A
Alternate Names
10731
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-03-15LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 920.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Navigation & GlobalPositioning
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos994
Experiments on Cosmos994
Data collections fromCosmos 994
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-030A[14/09/2010 0:44:05]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 995 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket.
Cosmos 995
NSSDC ID: 1978-030A
Alternate Names
10735
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-03-17LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 5500.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos995
Experiments on Cosmos995
Data collections fromCosmos 995
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, II
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-031A[14/09/2010 0:44:26]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 996 was part of a 6-satellite Soviet military navigationsystem distributed in orbital planes spaced 30 degrees apart,and launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard aCosmos rocket. Navigation information was derived fromDoppler-shifted VHF transmissions (approximately 150 and400 MHz) of the satellite position and orbital data. By acquiringfixes from several satellite, a user's location could becalculated with an accuracy of 100 m. The time needed toascertain a position was dependent upon the user's latitudeand the number of operational spacecraft in orbit. Normally,accurate location determination could be made within 1-2hours.
Cosmos 996
NSSDC ID: 1978-031A
Alternate Names
10744
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-03-28LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 810.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Navigation & GlobalPositioning
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos996
Experiments on Cosmos996
Data collections fromCosmos 996
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-032A[14/09/2010 0:44:47]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 997 was a Soviet military satellite launched along withCosmos 998 from the Baikonur cosmodrome aboard a Protonrocket.
It was a landing capsule of the three crew military TKStransport/resupply spacecraft for the Almaz space station. Itwas called "our Apollo" by cosmonaut Leonov. After separationof the capsule from the Almaz, the retrorocket assembly at topdeorbited the capsule. TKS capsules (VA is the Russianacronym) flew 13 times between 1976 and 1983, ten times incapsule tests, three times as part of the complete TKSspacecraft which docked with the Salyut space stations. Theywere never flown manned.
Cosmos 997
NSSDC ID: 1978-032A
Alternate Names
10770
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-03-30Launch Vehicle: ProtonBooster Plus Upper StageLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 700.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Engineering
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos997
Experiments on Cosmos997
Data collections fromCosmos 997
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-032B[14/09/2010 0:45:08]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 998 was a Soviet military satellite launched along withCosmos 997 from the Baikonur cosmodrome aboard a Protonrocket.
It was a landing capsule of the three crew military TKStransport/resupply spacecraft for the Almaz space station. Itwas called "our Apollo" by cosmonaut Leonov. After separationof the capsule from the Almaz, the retrorocket assembly at topdeorbited the capsule. TKS capsules (VA is the Russianacronym) flew 13 times between 1976 and 1983, ten times incapsule tests, three times as part of the complete TKSspacecraft which docked with the Salyut space stations. Theywere never flown manned.
Cosmos 998
NSSDC ID: 1978-032B
Alternate Names
10771
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-03-30Launch Vehicle: ProtonBooster Plus Upper StageLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 7000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Engineering
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos998
Experiments on Cosmos998
Data collections fromCosmos 998
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-033A[14/09/2010 0:45:29]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 999 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellite launchedfrom the Baikonur cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Thespacecraft was maneuverable.
Cosmos 999
NSSDC ID: 1978-033A
Alternate Names
10773
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-03-30LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 6000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos999
Experiments on Cosmos999
Data collections fromCosmos 999
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-034A[14/09/2010 0:45:50]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1000 was part of a 6-satellite Soviet militarynavigation system distributed in orbital planes spaced 30degrees apart, and launched from the Plesetsk cosmodromeaboard a Cosmos rocket. Navigation information was derivedfrom Doppler-shifted VHF transmissions (approximately 150and 400 MHz) of the satellite position and orbital data. Byacquiring fixes from several satellite, a user's location could becalculated with an accuracy of 100 m. The time needed toascertain a position was dependent upon the user's latitudeand the number of operational spacecraft in orbit. Normally,accurate location determination could be made within 1-2hours.
Cosmos 1000
NSSDC ID: 1978-034A
Alternate Names
10776
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-03-31LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 810.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Navigation & GlobalPositioning
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1000
Experiments on Cosmos1000
Data collections fromCosmos 1000
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-036A[14/09/2010 0:46:11]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1001 was a Soviet satellite launched from theBaikonur cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz 11 rocket. It was anunsuccessful Soyuz-T test mission.
Soyuz T had a long gestation, beginning as the Soyuz VImilitary orbital complex Soyuz in 1967. It finally emerged as acomplete redesign of the Soyuz in the late seventies. TheSoyuz T introduced a revised Igla rendezvous system and anew service module with unitary translation / attitude controlthrusters as part of a single bipropellant system with the mainpump-fed engine. Solar panels were reintroduced; the fuelload was increased; and all new digital avionics weredeveloped. Crew safety was improved with a new launchescape system and accomodation was provided for the firsttime for a three-man crew in spacesuits.
Cosmos 1001
NSSDC ID: 1978-036A
Alternate Names
10783
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-04-04LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 7000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Engineering
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1001
Experiments on Cosmos1001
Data collections fromCosmos 1001
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-037A[14/09/2010 0:46:32]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1002 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellitelaunched from the Baikonur cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket.
Cosmos 1002
NSSDC ID: 1978-037A
Alternate Names
10785
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-04-06LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 15500.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1002
Experiments on Cosmos1002
Data collections fromCosmos 1002
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-040A[14/09/2010 0:46:53]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1003 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket. The spacecraft was maneuverable.
Cosmos 1003
NSSDC ID: 1978-040A
Alternate Names
10811
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-04-20LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 6000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1003
Experiments on Cosmos1003
Data collections fromCosmos 1003
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-043A[14/09/2010 0:50:01]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1004 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket. Separated science capsule.
Cosmos 1004
NSSDC ID: 1978-043A
Alternate Names
10846
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-05-05LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 5500.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1004
Experiments on Cosmos1004
Data collections fromCosmos 1004
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-045A[14/09/2010 0:50:23]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1005 was a Soviet ELINT (Electronic and SignalsIntelligence) satellite launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome.
From 1965 to 1967 two dedicated ELINT systems were tested:the Tselina and the Navy's US. Both reached service, since theMinistry of Defence could not force a single system on themilitary services.
Tselina was developed by Yuzhnoye and consisted of twosatellites: Tselina-O for general observations and Tselina-D fordetailed observations. ELINT systems for Tselina were firsttested under the Cosmos designation in 1962 to 1965. The firstTselina-O was launched in 1970. The Tselina-D took a longtime to enter service due to delays in payload developmentand weight growth. The whole Tselina system was notoperational until 1976. Constant improvement resulted inTselina-O being abandoned in 1984 and all systems being puton Tselina-D.
Cosmos 1005
NSSDC ID: 1978-045A
Alternate Names
10860
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-05-12LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 1stGeneration Upper StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1005
Experiments on Cosmos1005
Data collections fromCosmos 1005
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-046A[14/09/2010 0:50:44]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1006 was a Soviet atmospheric research satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Kosmos 11rocket. It was the ninth in a series of Vektor spacecraft.
Cosmos 1006
NSSDC ID: 1978-046A
Alternate Names
10862
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-05-12LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 1120.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Earth Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1006
Experiments on Cosmos1006
Data collections fromCosmos 1006
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-048A[14/09/2010 0:51:05]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1007 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket. The spacecraft was maneuverable, and also performedearth resources tasks.
Cosmos 1007
NSSDC ID: 1978-048A
Alternate Names
10895
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-05-16LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 6000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1007
Experiments on Cosmos1007
Data collections fromCosmos 1007
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-049A[14/09/2010 0:51:26]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1008 was a Soviet ELINT (Electronic and SignalsIntelligence) satellite launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome.It replaced Cosmos 845.
From 1965 to 1967 two dedicated ELINT systems were tested:the Tselina and the Navy's US. Both reached service, since theMinistry of Defence could not force a single system on themilitary services.
Tselina was developed by Yuzhnoye and consisted of twosatellites: Tselina-O for general observations and Tselina-D fordetailed observations. ELINT systems for Tselina were firsttested under the Cosmos designation in 1962 to 1965. The firstTselina-O was launched in 1970. The Tselina-D took a longtime to enter service due to delays in payload developmentand weight growth. The whole Tselina system was notoperational until 1976. Constant improvement resulted inTselina-O being abandoned in 1984 and all systems being puton Tselina-D.
Cosmos 1008
NSSDC ID: 1978-049A
Alternate Names
10898
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-05-17LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 1080.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1008
Experiments on Cosmos1008
Data collections fromCosmos 1008
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-050A[14/09/2010 0:51:47]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1009 was a Soviet ASAT interceptor launched fromthe Baikonur cosmodrome aboard a Tsyklon 2 rocket. Afterintercepting the target, (Cosmos 970) it deorbited using an on-board engine.
Cosmos 1009
NSSDC ID: 1978-050A
Alternate Names
10904
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-05-19LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-9(SCARP) or SS-13(SCRAG) with Orbital andManeuverableLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 2500.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1009
Experiments on Cosmos1009
Data collections fromCosmos 1009
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-052A[14/09/2010 0:52:07]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1010 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket. The spacecraft was maneuverable, and also performedearth resources tasks. The spacecraft crashed on landing andwas destroyed.
Cosmos 1010
NSSDC ID: 1978-052A
Alternate Names
10915
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-05-23LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 6000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1010
Experiments on Cosmos1010
Data collections fromCosmos 1010
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, II
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-053A[14/09/2010 0:52:29]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1011 was part of a 6-satellite Soviet militarynavigation system distributed in orbital planes spaced 30degrees apart, and launched from the Plesetsk cosmodromeaboard a Cosmos rocket. Navigation information was derivedfrom Doppler-shifted VHF transmissions (approximately 150and 400 MHz) of the satellite position and orbital data. Byacquiring fixes from several satellite, a user's location could becalculated with an accuracy of 100 m. The time needed toascertain a position was dependent upon the user's latitudeand the number of operational spacecraft in orbit. Normally,accurate location determination could be made within 1-2hours.
Cosmos 1011
NSSDC ID: 1978-053A
Alternate Names
10917
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-05-23LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 810.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Navigation & GlobalPositioning
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1011
Experiments on Cosmos1011
Data collections fromCosmos 1011
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-054A[14/09/2010 0:52:50]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1012 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket.
Cosmos 1012
NSSDC ID: 1978-054A
Alternate Names
10919
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-05-25LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 5500.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1012
Experiments on Cosmos1012
Data collections fromCosmos 1012
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, II
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-056A[14/09/2010 0:53:11]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 1013
NSSDC ID: 1978-056A
Alternate Names
10930
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-06-07LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1013
Experiments on Cosmos1013
Data collections fromCosmos 1013
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-056B[14/09/2010 0:53:32]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 1014
NSSDC ID: 1978-056B
Alternate Names
10931
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-06-07LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1014
Experiments on Cosmos1014
Data collections fromCosmos 1014
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-056C[14/09/2010 0:53:53]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 1015
NSSDC ID: 1978-056C
Alternate Names
10932
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-06-07LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1015
Experiments on Cosmos1015
Data collections fromCosmos 1015
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-056D[14/09/2010 0:54:15]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 1016
NSSDC ID: 1978-056D
Alternate Names
10933
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-06-07LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1016
Experiments on Cosmos1016
Data collections fromCosmos 1016
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-056E[14/09/2010 0:54:36]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 1017
NSSDC ID: 1978-056E
Alternate Names
10934
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-06-07LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1017
Experiments on Cosmos1017
Data collections fromCosmos 1017
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-056F[14/09/2010 0:54:57]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 1018
NSSDC ID: 1978-056F
Alternate Names
10935
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-06-07LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1018
Experiments on Cosmos1018
Data collections fromCosmos 1018
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-056G[14/09/2010 0:55:18]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 1019
NSSDC ID: 1978-056G
Alternate Names
10936
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-06-07LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1019
Experiments on Cosmos1019
Data collections fromCosmos 1019
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-056H[14/09/2010 0:55:39]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 1020
NSSDC ID: 1978-056H
Alternate Names
10937
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-06-07LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1020
Experiments on Cosmos1020
Data collections fromCosmos 1020
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-057A[14/09/2010 0:56:02]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1021 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellitelaunched from the Baikonur cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket. The spacecraft was maneuverable.
Cosmos 1021
NSSDC ID: 1978-057A
Alternate Names
10939
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-06-10LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 6000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1021
Experiments on Cosmos1021
Data collections fromCosmos 1021
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, II
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-059A[14/09/2010 0:56:23]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1022 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket. The spacecraft was maneuverable.
Cosmos 1022
NSSDC ID: 1978-059A
Alternate Names
10944
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-06-12LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 6000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1022
Experiments on Cosmos1022
Data collections fromCosmos 1022
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, II
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-063A[14/09/2010 0:56:44]
Tuesday, 14 September 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation is now populated with two distinct systemsdevoted to military and government communications. Bothsystems are assessed to be simple store-dump repeaterswhich were particularly useful in relaying non-essential trafficbetween the Russian Federation and overseas stations offorces. The first Strela (which means "Arrow" in Russian)system debuted in 1970 and consisted of 750 - 1000 kgsatellites deployed at mean altitudes of 800 km in three orbitalplanes inclined 74 degrees to the equator and spaced 120degrees apart. These Strela 2 spacecraft were launchedseparately by the Kosmos launch vehicle from the Plesetskcosmodrome into each orbital plane at intervals of 24-36months. The activity of these satellites could be monitored viaa characteristic CW beacon emitted on a frequency of 153.660MHz.
Cosmos 1023
NSSDC ID: 1978-063A
Alternate Names
10961
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-06-21LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 1000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1023
Experiments on Cosmos1023
Data collections fromCosmos 1023
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-066A[15/09/2010 23:44:30]
Wednesday, 15 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1024 was a Soviet missile early warning satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Molniyarocket. It replaced Cosmos 931 as part of the Okoconstellation of satellites and covered the plane 2 - 323 degreelongitude of ascending node.
Cosmos 1024
NSSDC ID: 1978-066A
Alternate Names
10970
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-06-28LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration Upper Stage +Escape StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 2030.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1024
Experiments on Cosmos1024
Data collections fromCosmos 1024
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-067A[15/09/2010 23:44:52]
Wednesday, 15 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1025 was a Soviet ELINT (Electronic and SignalsIntelligence) satellite launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome.
From 1965 to 1967 two dedicated ELINT systems were tested:the Tselina and the Navy's US. Both reached service, since theMinistry of Defence could not force a single system on themilitary services.
Tselina was developed by Yuzhnoye and consisted of twosatellites: Tselina-O for general observations and Tselina-D fordetailed observations. ELINT systems for Tselina were firsttested under the Cosmos designation in 1962 to 1965. The firstTselina-O was launched in 1970. The Tselina-D took a longtime to enter service due to delays in payload developmentand weight growth. The whole Tselina system was notoperational until 1976. Constant improvement resulted inTselina-O being abandoned in 1984 and all systems being puton Tselina-D.
Cosmos 1025
NSSDC ID: 1978-067A
Alternate Names
10973
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-06-28LaunchVehicle: UnknownLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4375.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1025
Experiments on Cosmos1025
Data collections fromCosmos 1025
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-069A[15/09/2010 23:45:20]
Wednesday, 15 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1026 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellitelaunched from the Baikonur cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket.
Cosmos 1026
NSSDC ID: 1978-069A
Alternate Names
10977
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-07-02LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 5500.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1026
Experiments on Cosmos1026
Data collections fromCosmos 1026
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-074A[15/09/2010 23:45:50]
Wednesday, 15 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1027 was part of a 6-satellite Soviet militarynavigation system distributed in orbital planes spaced 30degrees apart, and launched from the Plesetsk cosmodromeaboard a Cosmos rocket. Navigation information was derivedfrom Doppler-shifted VHF transmissions (approximately 150and 400 MHz) of the satellite position and orbital data. Byacquiring fixes from several satellite, a user's location could becalculated with an accuracy of 100 m. The time needed toascertain a position was dependent upon the user's latitudeand the number of operational spacecraft in orbit. Normally,accurate location determination could be made within 1-2hours.
Cosmos 1027
NSSDC ID: 1978-074A
Alternate Names
10991
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-07-27LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 920.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Navigation & GlobalPositioning
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1027
Experiments on Cosmos1027
Data collections fromCosmos 1027
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-076A[15/09/2010 23:46:48]
Wednesday, 15 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1028 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket. Successful full duration flight.
Cosmos 1028
NSSDC ID: 1978-076A
Alternate Names
10995
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-08-05LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 6700.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1028
Experiments on Cosmos1028
Data collections fromCosmos 1028
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, II
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-082A[15/09/2010 23:47:23]
Wednesday, 15 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1029 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket. The spacecraft was maneuverable.
Cosmos 1029
NSSDC ID: 1978-082A
Alternate Names
11012
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-08-29LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 6000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1029
Experiments on Cosmos1029
Data collections fromCosmos 1029
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, II
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-083A[15/09/2010 23:48:16]
Wednesday, 15 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1030 was a Soviet missile early warning satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Molniyarocket. It was part of the Oko constellation of satellites andcovered the plane 4 - 39 degree longitude of ascending node.
Cosmos 1030
NSSDC ID: 1978-083A
Alternate Names
11015
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-09-06LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration Upper Stage +Escape StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 2030.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1030
Experiments on Cosmos1030
Data collections fromCosmos 1030
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, II
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-085A[15/09/2010 23:49:04]
Wednesday, 15 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1031 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket. The spacecraft was maneuverable.
Cosmos 1031
NSSDC ID: 1978-085A
Alternate Names
11022
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-09-09LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 6000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1031
Experiments on Cosmos1031
Data collections fromCosmos 1031
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, II
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-088A[15/09/2010 23:49:59]
Wednesday, 15 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1032 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket. Separated capsule.
Cosmos 1032
NSSDC ID: 1978-088A
Alternate Names
11029
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-09-19LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 5500.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1032
Experiments on Cosmos1032
Data collections fromCosmos 1032
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, II
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-089A[15/09/2010 23:50:58]
Wednesday, 15 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1033 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket. The spacecraft was maneuverable, and also performedearth resources tasks.
Cosmos 1033
NSSDC ID: 1978-089A
Alternate Names
11039
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-10-03LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 6000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1033
Experiments on Cosmos1033
Data collections fromCosmos 1033
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, II
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-091A[15/09/2010 23:52:01]
Wednesday, 15 September 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 1034
NSSDC ID: 1978-091A
Alternate Names
11042
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-10-04LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1034
Experiments on Cosmos1034
Data collections fromCosmos 1034
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-091B[15/09/2010 23:55:00]
Wednesday, 15 September 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
National Space Science Data Center Header
Cosmos 1035
NSSDC ID: 1978-091B
Alternate Names
11044
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-10-04LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1035
Experiments on Cosmos1035
Data collections fromCosmos 1035
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-091C[15/09/2010 23:59:06]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 1036
NSSDC ID: 1978-091C
Alternate Names
11045
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-10-04LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1036
Experiments on Cosmos1036
Data collections fromCosmos 1036
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-091D[16/09/2010 0:00:02]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 1037
NSSDC ID: 1978-091D
Alternate Names
11046
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-10-04LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1037
Experiments on Cosmos1037
Data collections fromCosmos 1037
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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Personnel
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New/Updated Data
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-091E[16/09/2010 0:01:06]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 1038
NSSDC ID: 1978-091E
Alternate Names
11047
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-10-04LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1038
Experiments on Cosmos1038
Data collections fromCosmos 1038
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-091F[16/09/2010 0:01:53]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 1039
NSSDC ID: 1978-091F
Alternate Names
11048
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-10-04LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1039
Experiments on Cosmos1039
Data collections fromCosmos 1039
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
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Personnel
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New/Updated Data
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-091G[16/09/2010 0:02:27]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 1040
NSSDC ID: 1978-091G
Alternate Names
11049
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-10-04LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1040
Experiments on Cosmos1040
Data collections fromCosmos 1040
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
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New/Updated Data
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-091H[16/09/2010 0:04:16]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 1041
NSSDC ID: 1978-091H
Alternate Names
11050
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-10-04LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1041
Experiments on Cosmos1041
Data collections fromCosmos 1041
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-092A[16/09/2010 0:05:19]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1042 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellitelanuched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket. The spacecraft was maneuverable.
Cosmos 1042
NSSDC ID: 1978-092A
Alternate Names
11052
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-10-06LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 6000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1042
Experiments on Cosmos1042
Data collections fromCosmos 1042
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, II
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-094A[16/09/2010 0:06:04]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1043 was a Soviet ELINT (Electronic and SignalsIntelligence) satellite launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome.
From 1965 to 1967 two dedicated ELINT systems were tested:the Tselina and the Navy's US. Both reached service, since theMinistry of Defence could not force a single system on themilitary services.
Tselina was developed by Yuzhnoye and consisted of twosatellites: Tselina-O for general observations and Tselina-D fordetailed observations. ELINT systems for Tselina were firsttested under the Cosmos designation in 1962 to 1965. The firstTselina-O was launched in 1970. The Tselina-D took a longtime to enter service due to delays in payload developmentand weight growth. The whole Tselina system was notoperational until 1976. Constant improvement resulted inTselina-O being abandoned in 1984 and all systems being puton Tselina-D.
Cosmos 1043
NSSDC ID: 1978-094A
Alternate Names
11055
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-10-10LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 1stGeneration Upper StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1043
Experiments on Cosmos1043
Data collections fromCosmos 1043
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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Spacecraft
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-097A[16/09/2010 0:07:16]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1044 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket.
Cosmos 1044
NSSDC ID: 1978-097A
Alternate Names
11065
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-10-17LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 5500.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1044
Experiments on Cosmos1044
Data collections fromCosmos 1044
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, II
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-100A[16/09/2010 0:07:40]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1045 was a Soviet weather spacecraft launched fromthe Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Tsyklon rocket along withRadio 1 and 2 Sputnik communications satellites. It was part ofthe Meteor 2 series of satellites which were launched into 81.2degree orbits, at 850 km altitude, allowing a revisit of everylocation at 6 and 12 hour intervals by a constellation of threesatellites at 90 to 180 degree intervals. Each satellite couldobserve 30,000 sq. km at a time. Data were processed athydro-meteorological offices at Moscow, Novsibirsk, andKhaborovsk.
The Meteor series served the Ministry of Defence by providingoperational meteorological data for reconnaissance satellitescheduling, operational weather data for use by the ArmedForces in local and global operations, and monitoring ofradiation in near-earth space.
Cosmos 1045
NSSDC ID: 1978-100A
Alternate Names
11084
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-10-26LaunchVehicle: Tsiklon-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 2670.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Earth Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1045
Experiments on Cosmos1045
Data collections fromCosmos 1045
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-102A[16/09/2010 0:08:00]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1046 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket. The spacecraft performed mapping, geodesy, earthresources tasks. Deployed capsule.
Cosmos 1046
NSSDC ID: 1978-102A
Alternate Names
11098
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-11-01LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 5500.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1046
Experiments on Cosmos1046
Data collections fromCosmos 1046
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, II
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-104A[16/09/2010 0:08:21]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1047 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket. The spacecraft was maneuverable.
Cosmos 1047
NSSDC ID: 1978-104A
Alternate Names
11108
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-11-15LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 6000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1047
Experiments on Cosmos1047
Data collections fromCosmos 1047
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, II
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-105A[16/09/2010 0:08:42]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation is now populated with two distinct systemsdevoted to military and government communications. Bothsystems are assessed to be simple store-dump repeaterswhich were particularly useful in relaying non-essential trafficbetween the Russian Federation and overseas stations offorces. The first Strela (which means "Arrow" in Russian)system debuted in 1970 and consisted of 750 - 1000 kgsatellites deployed at mean altitudes of 800 km in three orbitalplanes inclined 74 degrees to the equator and spaced 120degrees apart. These Strela 2 spacecraft were launchedseparately by the Kosmos launch vehicle from the Plesetskcosmodrome into each orbital plane at intervals of 24-36months. The activity of these satellites could be monitored viaa characteristic CW beacon emitted on a frequency of 153.660MHz.
Cosmos 1048
NSSDC ID: 1978-105A
Alternate Names
11111
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-11-17LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 1000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1048
Experiments on Cosmos1048
Data collections fromCosmos 1048
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-107A[16/09/2010 0:09:02]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1049 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket. The spacecraft was maneuverable.
Cosmos 1049
NSSDC ID: 1978-107A
Alternate Names
11118
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-11-21LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 6000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1049
Experiments on Cosmos1049
Data collections fromCosmos 1049
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-108A[16/09/2010 0:09:55]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1050 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket. The spacecraft was maneuverable.
Cosmos 1050
NSSDC ID: 1978-108A
Alternate Names
11121
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-11-28LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 6000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1050
Experiments on Cosmos1050
Data collections fromCosmos 1050
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, II
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-109A[16/09/2010 0:11:32]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 1051
NSSDC ID: 1978-109A
Alternate Names
11128
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-12-05LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1051
Experiments on Cosmos1051
Data collections fromCosmos 1051
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-109B[16/09/2010 0:12:31]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 1052
NSSDC ID: 1978-109B
Alternate Names
11129
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-12-05LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1052
Experiments on Cosmos1052
Data collections fromCosmos 1052
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-109C[16/09/2010 0:13:09]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 1053
NSSDC ID: 1978-109C
Alternate Names
11130
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-12-05LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1053
Experiments on Cosmos1053
Data collections fromCosmos 1053
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-109D[16/09/2010 0:13:46]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 1054
NSSDC ID: 1978-109D
Alternate Names
11131
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-12-05LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1054
Experiments on Cosmos1054
Data collections fromCosmos 1054
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-109E[16/09/2010 0:14:45]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 1055
NSSDC ID: 1978-109E
Alternate Names
11132
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-12-05LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1055
Experiments on Cosmos1055
Data collections fromCosmos 1055
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-109F[16/09/2010 0:16:02]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 1056
NSSDC ID: 1978-109F
Alternate Names
11133
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-12-05LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1056
Experiments on Cosmos1056
Data collections fromCosmos 1056
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-109G[16/09/2010 0:17:16]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 1057
NSSDC ID: 1978-109G
Alternate Names
11134
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-12-05LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1057
Experiments on Cosmos1057
Data collections fromCosmos 1057
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-109H[16/09/2010 0:18:03]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
The lowest level of the three-tier communications satelliteconstellation was populated with two distinct systems devotedto military and government communications. Both systemswere assessed to be simple store-dump repeaters which wereparticularly useful in relaying traffic between the RussianFederation and overseas stations or forces. These Strela(which means "Arrow" in Russian) satellites recorded radiomessages transmitted by Russian intelligence agentsworldwide and relayed them when flying over Moscow.Debuting in 1970 was a system of small (61 kg, 0.80 m by0.75 m) relay satellites launched from Plesetsk by the Kosmosbooster in groups of eight. Although the mean altitude of thisconstellation was near 1500 km, each set of eight Strela 1satellites was normally dispersed into slightly elliptical orbitswith mean altitudes between 1430 and 1490 km. Theintentional orbital period differences of about 0.15 min ensuredthat the satellites would become randomly spaced about theorbital plane shortly after launch. Unlike the lower altitudeconstellation, this network relied on a single orbital plane withan inclination of 74 deg which was replenished on the averageof once each year. The last mission in this network was inJune 1992, and the network has now been superseded by themore modern and capable Strela 3 system.
Cosmos 1058
NSSDC ID: 1978-109H
Alternate Names
11135
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-12-05LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1058
Experiments on Cosmos1058
Data collections fromCosmos 1058
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-110A[16/09/2010 0:19:06]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1059 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket. The spacecraft was maneuverable.
Cosmos 1059
NSSDC ID: 1978-110A
Alternate Names
11137
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-12-07LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 6000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1059
Experiments on Cosmos1059
Data collections fromCosmos 1059
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, II
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-111A[16/09/2010 0:19:56]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1060 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellitelaunched from the Baikonur cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket.
Cosmos 1060
NSSDC ID: 1978-111A
Alternate Names
11139
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-12-08LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 5500.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1060
Experiments on Cosmos1060
Data collections fromCosmos 1060
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-114A[16/09/2010 0:20:43]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1061 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket.
Cosmos 1061
NSSDC ID: 1978-114A
Alternate Names
11148
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-12-14LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 5500.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1061
Experiments on Cosmos1061
Data collections fromCosmos 1061
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, II
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-115A[16/09/2010 0:21:05]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1062 was a Soviet ELINT (Electronic and SignalsIntelligence) satellite launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome.It replaced Cosmos 899.
From 1965 to 1967 two dedicated ELINT systems were tested:the Tselina and the Navy's US. Both reached service, since theMinistry of Defence could not force a single system on themilitary services.
Tselina was developed by Yuzhnoye and consisted of twosatellites: Tselina-O for general observations and Tselina-D fordetailed observations. ELINT systems for Tselina were firsttested under the Cosmos designation in 1962 to 1965. The firstTselina-O was launched in 1970. The Tselina-D took a longtime to enter service due to delays in payload developmentand weight growth. The whole Tselina system was notoperational until 1976. Constant improvement resulted inTselina-O being abandoned in 1984 and all systems being puton Tselina-D.
Cosmos 1062
NSSDC ID: 1978-115A
Alternate Names
11150
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-12-15LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 810.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1062
Experiments on Cosmos1062
Data collections fromCosmos 1062
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-117A[16/09/2010 0:21:36]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1063 was a Soviet ELINT (Electronic and SignalsIntelligence) satellite launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome.
From 1965 to 1967 two dedicated ELINT systems were tested:the Tselina and the Navy's US. Both reached service, since theMinistry of Defence could not force a single system on themilitary services.
Tselina was developed by Yuzhnoye and consisted of twosatellites: Tselina-O for general observations and Tselina-D fordetailed observations. ELINT systems for Tselina were firsttested under the Cosmos designation in 1962 to 1965. The firstTselina-O was launched in 1970. The Tselina-D took a longtime to enter service due to delays in payload developmentand weight growth. The whole Tselina system was notoperational until 1976. Constant improvement resulted inTselina-O being abandoned in 1984 and all systems being puton Tselina-D.
Cosmos 1063
NSSDC ID: 1978-117A
Alternate Names
11155
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-12-19LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 1stGeneration Upper StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1063
Experiments on Cosmos1063
Data collections fromCosmos 1063
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-119A[16/09/2010 0:22:17]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1064 was part of a 6-satellite Soviet militarynavigation system distributed in orbital planes spaced 30degrees apart, and launched from the Plesetsk cosmodromeaboard a Cosmos rocket. Navigation information was derivedfrom Doppler-shifted VHF transmissions (approximately 150and 400 MHz) of the satellite position and orbital data. Byacquiring fixes from several satellite, a user's location could becalculated with an accuracy of 100 m. The time needed toascertain a position was dependent upon the user's latitudeand the number of operational spacecraft in orbit. Normally,accurate location determination could be made within 1-2hours.
Cosmos 1064
NSSDC ID: 1978-119A
Alternate Names
11161
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-12-20LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 1025.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Navigation & GlobalPositioning
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1064
Experiments on Cosmos1064
Data collections fromCosmos 1064
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-120A[16/09/2010 0:23:00]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
From 1969 KB Yuzhnoye built the Lira targets for exercise andtest of PVO air defence and space tracking systems. Thesecond generation consisted of Taifun-1 and Taifun-2satellites, which differed in the type of equipment installed.Taifun-1 would release up to 25 Romb sub-satellites, whileTaifun-2 did not. In 1972 KB-3 under B E Khimrov, with the co-operation of assisting organisations and the Ministry ofDefence, completed the draft project. The first Taifun-1 wascompleted in 1974, and flight trials were conducted in thesecond half of the 1970's using Kosmos-3M launch vehiclesfrom Plesetsk and Kapustin Yar. The heads of the State TrialsCommission were B N Karpov, N N Zhukov, and B G Zudin.Taifun-1 normally released 25 Romb subsatellites into an orbitof 300 to 500 km altitude, at inclinations of 50.7 degrees (fromKapustin Yar) and 65.9 74, or 82.9 degrees (from Plesetsk).Two unique missions in 1989-1990 were put into 180 km x1550 km orbits at 65.8 degrees. With this higher apogee thepayload was reduced to 10 Romb subsatellites. Vektorsatellites were spherical in shape, about 2 m in diameter, thesurface covered with solar cells and equipped with fourantennae.
Cosmos 1065
NSSDC ID: 1978-120A
Alternate Names
11163
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-12-22LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: KapustinYar, U.S.S.RMass: 1170.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-121A[16/09/2010 0:23:21]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1066 was a Soviet astrophysics satellite launchedfrom the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Vostok rocket.
Cosmos 1066
NSSDC ID: 1978-121A
Alternate Names
11165
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-12-23LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 1stGeneration Upper StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 3800.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Astronomy
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Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1066
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Data collections fromCosmos 1066
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-122A[16/09/2010 0:23:42]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1067 was a Soviet geodetic satellite launched fromthe Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Cosmos 11 rocket.
The Sfera geodetic system covered a broad development forsolving problems in geodetics, continental drift, and preciselocation of cartographic points. The spacecraft was equippedwith measurement and signalling apparatus, providingassistance in measuring astronomical-geodetic points ofmilitary topographical research for the Red Army General Staff.The satellite allowed improved accuracy for long rangeweapons. Reshetnev was the Chief Designer. Flight tests werefrom 1968 to 1972. Series flights were from 1973 to 1980. TheKosmos 3M launcher was used. Colonel Ye S Shchapov wasin charge of Sfera development. Sfera used the basic KAUR-1bus, consisting of a 2.035 m diameter cylindrical spacecraftbody, with solar cells and radiators of the thermostatictemperature regulating system mounted on the exterior.Orientation was by a single-axis magneto-gravitational (gravitygradient boom) passive system. The hermetically sealedcompartment had the equipment mounted in cruciform bays,with the chemical batteries protecting the radio and guidanceequipment mounted at the centre.
Cosmos 1067
NSSDC ID: 1978-122A
Alternate Names
11168
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-12-26LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 880.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Earth Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1067
Experiments on Cosmos1067
Data collections fromCosmos 1067
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-123A[16/09/2010 0:24:04]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1068 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket. The spacecraft was maneuverable.
Cosmos 1068
NSSDC ID: 1978-123A
Alternate Names
11169
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-12-26LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 6000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1068
Experiments on Cosmos1068
Data collections fromCosmos 1068
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-124A[16/09/2010 0:24:35]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
Cosmos 1069 was a Soviet photo surveillance satellitelaunched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome aboard a Soyuzrocket. The spacecraft also performed mapping, geodesy,earth resources tasks. Separated capsule.
Cosmos 1069
NSSDC ID: 1978-124A
Alternate Names
11173
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-12-28LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 5500.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Cosmos1069
Experiments on Cosmos1069
Data collections fromCosmos 1069
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-042A[16/09/2010 0:25:03]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
DMSD 5D-1/F3 was one of a series of meteorologicalsatellites developed and operated by the Air Force under theDefense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP). Thisprogram, previously known as DAPP (Data Acquisition andProcessing Program), was classified until March 1973. Theobjectives of this program were to provide global visual andinfrared cloudcover data and specialized environmental data tosupport Department of Defense requirements. Operationally,the program consisted of two satellites in sun-synchronouspolar orbits, with the ascending node of one satellite in earlymorning and the other at local noon. The 5.4-m-longspacecraft was separated into four sections: (1) a precisionmounting platform (PMP) for sensors and equipment requiringprecise alignment; (2) an equipment support module (ESM)containing the electronics, reaction wheels, and somemeteorological sensors; (3) a reaction control equipment(RCE) support structure (including the third-stage motor andhydrazine reaction control system); and (4) a 9.29-sq-m solarcell panel. The spacecraft stabilization was controlled by acombination flywheel and magnetic control coil system sosensors could be maintained in the desired "earth-looking"mode. One feature was the precision-pointing accuracy of theprimary imager to 0.01 deg provided by a star sensor and anupdated ephemeris navigation system. This allowed automaticgeographical mapping of the digital imagery to the nearestpicture element. The operational linescan system (OLS), builtby Westinghouse, was the primary data acquisition system thatprovided real-time or stored, multi-orbit, day-and-night visualand infrared imagery of clouds, and provided with the datacalibration, timing, and other auxiliary signals to the spacecraftfor digital transmission to the ground. A supplementarymeterological sensor, the special sensor H (SSH), a step-scanning radiometer, was the infrared temperature-humidity-ozone sounder. Either recorded or real-time data weretransmitted to ground-receiving sites by two redundant S-bandtransmitters. Recorded data were read out to tracking siteslocated at Fairchild AFB, Wash., and Loring AFB, Maine, andrelayed by SATCOM to Air Force Global Weather Central,Offutt AFB, Nebraska. Real-time data were read out at mobiletactical sites located around the world. A more completedescription of the satellite can be found in the report, D. A.Nichols, "The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program,"Optical Engineering, v. 14, n. 4, July-August 1975.
DMSP 5D-1/F03
NSSDC ID: 1978-042A
Alternate Names
DMSP 14537
DMSP-F3
10820
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-05-01Launch Vehicle: ThorLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 450.0 kg
Funding Agency
Department of Defense-Department of the AirForce (United States)
Disciplines
Astronomy
Earth Science
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for DMSP 5D-1/F03
Experiments on DMSP 5D-1/F03
Data collections fromDMSP 5D-1/F03
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. Dieter K.Bilitza.
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-042A[16/09/2010 0:25:03]
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Col J. Rivers Program Manager US Air Force Space Division
Other Sources of DMSP Data/Information
DMSP F3 summary (NASA MSFC)
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-113A[16/09/2010 0:25:23]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
This Defense Satellite Communications System (DSCS)satellite was launched from Cape Canaveral aboard a Titan 3Crocket. It was one of a series of satellites that provided securevoice and data communications for the US military. It was spinstabilized with a despun antenna platform. Body mounted solarcells produced 535 watts. Three NiCd batteries provided 36AHr total. The payload consisted of two 20 watt X-Bandtransponders with 500 MHz bandwidths, and steerable narrowbeam antennas and drive mechanism for commincationsprivacy. Its capacity was 1300 voice channels or 100 Mbps ofdata.
DSCS II-11
NSSDC ID: 1978-113A
Alternate Names
11144
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-12-14Launch Vehicle: TitanIII-CLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 550.0 kg
Funding Agency
Department of Defense-Department of the AirForce (United States)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
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Launch/Orbitalinformation for DSCS II-11
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-071A[16/09/2010 0:25:45]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
ESA-GEOS 2 was the first spacecraft dedicated completely toscientific measurements in an equatorial geostationary orbit.The spacecraft served as a core or reference spacecraft for theInternational Magnetospheric Study (IMS) and carried outcorrelative measurements with extensive ground-basednetworks in Scandinavia. The payload consisted of instrumentsto measure (1) dc and ac electric and magnetic fields; (2)gradient of the magnetic field; (3) thermal and suprathermalplasma parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic field; (4)energy spectra, angular distribution, and composition ofpositive ions; and (5) angular distribution and energy spectraof energetic electrons and protons. In the NSSDC experimentdescriptions which follow, ESA Exp. S-300 is described as fiveseparate experiments: 78-071A-05, -06, -07, -10, and -11. Thespacecraft was cylindrical with a height of 1.321 m. The totalmass, excluding propellants, was 273.6 kg. There were fourtelescopic axial booms 2.5 m in length for the wire meshspheres of an ac electric field experiment, two 20-m cablebooms for magnetic and electric field sensors and for anexcitation antenna for plasma resonances, and two lockingradial booms 3 m in length for a variety of instruments. Therewere six hydrazine thrusters; two to tilt and precess thespacecraft, two to modify the orbit so the longitude of theapogee could be changed, and two for spin up and spin down.The spin rate was nominally 10 rpm. Data were telemetered inreal time at 137.2 MHz (186 and 744 bps) and at 2299.5 MHz(11.91 or 95.25 kbs). Attitude measurements were obtained bya sun sensor, a dual infrared earth sensor, andaccelerometers. Power was supplied by 7200 solar cellsmounted on the spacecraft surface. To prevent spacecraftdifferential charging, 96% of the surface was electricallyconductive. Because of the importance of the magnetic fieldmeasurements, the spacecraft residual field at themagnetometer was only 0.3 nT. Except for minor modificationsto certain experiments, this spacecraft and its instrumentswere identical to ESA-GEOS 1 (77-029A). More detailedinformation can be found in ESA Bulletin, n. 9, May 1977.Because one solar panel developed a short circuit soon afterlaunch, a number of the experiments were able to obtain usefuldata for only one-half of the spin period.
ESA-GEOS 2
NSSDC ID: 1978-071A
Alternate Names
GEOS 2
10981
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-07-14Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 571.7 kg
Funding Agency
European Space Agency(International)
Discipline
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for ESA-GEOS 2
Experiments on ESA-GEOS 2
Data collections from ESA-GEOS 2
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. H. KentHills.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Dr. Karl Project ESA-European Space
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-071A[16/09/2010 0:25:45]
Knott Scientist Research and TechnologyCentre
Mr. DerekE.Mullinger
ProjectManager
ESA-European SpaceResearch and TechnologyCentre
Mr. JohnDonaldKraft
GeneralContact
NASA Goddard Space FlightCenter
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-016A[16/09/2010 0:26:13]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
The FLTSATCOM (Fleet Satellite Communications)communications satellite system served as a world-wide UHFcommunications link among USN aircraft, ships, submarines,and ground stations. This high-capacity spacebornecommunications system gave the Navy both shore-to-fleet andsingle-way communication among ships, aircraft, andsubmarines separated by distances exceeding line-of-sightUHF ranges. The satellite provided 30 voice channels and 12teletypewriter channels simultaneously in UHF. The UHFupline was in the 290- to 320-MHz range, while UHF downlinkwas in the 240- to 27-MHz range. Transmissions in the S-bandwere used for commands and beacons. A number of thesechannels were reserved for high-priority USAF ground-to-aircommunications with SAC aircraft, the E-3A airborne warningand control system, and elements of the presidential commandstructure. The satellite was hexagonal in shape andapproximately 1.7 m high and 2.7 m in diameter. An erectable5.3-m wire mesh parabolic communications antenna with a 2-msolid-center section extended from one end of the satellite.Protruding from the opposite end was the nozzle of thesatellite's off-loaded apogee motor. Unlike most military andcommercial communications satellites, the FLTSATCOMsatellites used a triaxial stabilization system utilizing a reactioncontrol wheel assembly instead of spin stabilization. Electricalpower (1.1 kw dc) was provided by 2 three-section solarpanels mounted on booms extending from the satellites bodyand unfolded in space. Nickel-cadmium batteries providedpower during solar eclipses. The USN and USAF plan to orbitfour satellites, including one as an on-station spare, positionedaround the world in near-equatorial geosynchronous orbits toprovide near-global coverage. The FSC satellite was theheaviest communications satellite the United States hadattempted to orbit, exceeding the previous leader, TACSAT-1,by over 250 lbs.
FLTSATSOM 1
NSSDC ID: 1978-016A
Alternate Names
FSC-1
10669
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-02-09Launch Vehicle: Atlas-CentaurLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 1842.0 kg
Funding Agency
Department of Defense-Department of the Navy(United States)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation forFLTSATSOM 1
Experiments onFLTSATSOM 1
Data collections fromFLTSATSOM 1
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-016A[16/09/2010 0:26:13]
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Mr. Henry O. Slone Project Manager NASA Lewis Research Center
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-062A[16/09/2010 0:26:45]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
GOES 3 was a NASA-developed, NOAA-operated,geosynchronous, and operational spacecraft. The spin-stabilized spacecraft carried (1) a visible infrared spin-scanradiometer (VISSR) to provide high-quality day/nightcloudcover data and to take radiance-derived temperatures ofthe earth/atmosphere system, (2) a meteorological datacollection and transmission system to relay processed datafrom central weather facilities to APT-equipped regionalstations and to collect and retransmit data from remotelylocated earth-based platforms, and (3) a space environmentmonitor (SEM) system to measure proton, electron, and X-rayfluxes and magnetic fields. The cylindrically shaped spacecraftmeasured 190.5 cm in diameter and 230 cm in length,exclusive of a magnetometer that extended an additional 83cm beyond the cylinder shell. The primary structural memberswere a honeycombed equipment shelf and thrust tube. TheVISSR telescope was mounted on the equipment shelf andviewed the earth through a special aperture in the side of thespacecraft. A support structure extended radially out from thethrust tube and was affixed to the solar panels, which formedthe outer walls of the spacecraft and provided the primarysource of electrical power. Located in the annulus-shapedspace between the thrust tube and the solar panels werestationkeeping and dynamics control equipment, batteries, andmost of the SEM equipment. Proper spacecraft attitude andspin rate (approximately 100 rpm) were maintained by twoseparate sets of jet thrusters mounted around the spacecraftequator and activated by ground command. The spacecraftused both UHF-band and S-band frequencies in its telemetryand command subsystem. A low-power VHF transponderprovided telemetry and command during launch and thenserved as a backup for the primary subsystem once thespacecraft attained orbit. For more detailed information, see"The GOES/SMS User's Guide" (TRF B28599), available fromNSSDC.
GOES 3
NSSDC ID: 1978-062A
Alternate Names
GOES-C
10953
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-06-16Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 294.0 kg
Funding Agencies
NASA-Office of SpaceScience Applications(United States)
NOAA NationalEnvironmental SatelliteService (United States)
Disciplines
Earth Science
Solar Physics
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for GOES 3
Experiments on GOES 3
Data collections fromGOES 3
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-062A[16/09/2010 0:26:45]
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Mr. James R.Greaves
ProgramManager
NASA Headquarters [email protected]
Mr. William E.Shenk
ProjectScientist
NASA Goddard SpaceFlight Center
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-118A[16/09/2010 0:27:10]
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Description
Gorizont 1 was a Soviet geosynchronous communicationssatellite. It was intended to provide telephone, telegraph andfax communications services, in addition to relaying TV andradio broadcasts. The initial purpose of the satellite was torelay television broadcasts of the 1980 Olympics held inMoscow, however, it did not achieve geostationary orbit due toa malfunction of Block D.
The Gorizont spacecraft possessed an initial mass in excess of2.1 metric tons and have demonstrated a lifetime of nearly 10years, although a 5-year service life was more common. The3-axis stabilized satellite was approximately 2 m in diameterand 5 m long with two large solar arrays capable of generating1.3 kW of electrical power for the first 3 years. Seven separatetransmission antennas allowed a variety of reception patternsfor both broad and localized terrestrial regions.
A typical Gorizont communications payload included sixgeneral purpose (TV, audio, facsimile) 6/4 GHz transponders(five 12.5 W and one 60 W), one Luch 14/11 GHz transponder(15 W), and one Volna 1.6/1.5 GHz transponder (20 W). TheVolna transponders were INMARSAT-compatible and wereextensively used by the Russian merchant marine fleet via theprimary GEO television rebroadcasting system, supporting allfive Federation time zones: Zone 1 from 140 deg E, Zone 2from 90 deg E, Zone 3 from 80 deg E, Zone 4 from 53 deg E,and Zone 5 from 14 deg W. These transmissions were handledby Orbita (12-m receiving antenna) and Moskva (2.5-mreceiving antenna) ground stations in the 6/4 GHz band. TheMoskva Globalnaya system was inaugurated in 1989 using 4-m receiving antennas and serviced by Gorizonts at 96.5 deg Eand 11 deg W.
Gorizont 1
NSSDC ID: 1978-118A
Alternate Names
Horizont
11158
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-12-19Launch Vehicle: ProtonBooster Plus Upper Stageand Escape StagesLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 2100.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Gorizont 1
Experiments on Gorizont 1
Data collections fromGorizont 1
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-041A[20/09/2010 22:50:51]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
The Heat Capacity Mapping Mission (HCMM) spacecraft wasthe first of a series of Applications Explorer Missions (AEM).The objective of the HCMM was to provide comprehensive,accurate, high-spatial-resolution thermal surveys of the surfaceof the earth. The HCMM spacecraft was made of two distinctmodules: (1) an instrument module, containing the heatcapacity mapping radiometer and its supporting gear, and (2) abase module, containing the data handling, power,communications, command, and attitude control subsystemsrequired to support the instrument module. The spacecraft wasspin stabilized at a rate of 14 rpm. The HCMM circular sun-synchronous orbit allowed the spacecraft to sense surfacetemperatures near the maximum and minimum of the diurnalcycle. The orbit had a daylight ascending node with nominalequatorial crossing time of 2:00 p.m. Since there was noinclination adjustment capacity, the spacecraft drifted from thiscrossing time by about 1 hour earlier per year. There was noon-board data storage capability, so only real-time data weretransmitted when the satellite came within reception range ofseven ground stations. The repeat cycle of the spacecraft was16 days. Day/night coverage over a given area between thelatitudes of 85 deg N and 85 deg S occurred at intervalsranging from 12 to 36 h (once every 16 days). During February21-23, 1980, the HCMM orbital altitude was lowered from 620km to 540 km to stop the drift of the orbit plane to unfavorablesun angles which in turn reduced the power collectioncapability of the solar panels. The operations of the spacecraftwere terminated on September 30, 1980. More detailedinformation can be found in the "Heat Capacity MappingMission Users' Guide" (TRF B30282), available from NSSDC.
HCMM
NSSDC ID: 1978-041A
Alternate Names
AEM-A
Explorer 58
Heat Capacity MappingMission
10818
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-04-26Launch Vehicle: Scout-FLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 117.0 kg
Funding Agency
NASA-Office of Spaceand TerrestrialApplications (UnitedStates)
Discipline
Earth Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for HCMM
Experiments on HCMM
Data collections fromHCMM
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-041A[20/09/2010 22:50:51]
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Dr. John C.Price
ProjectScientist
NASA Goddard SpaceFlight Center
Dr. Robert E.Murphy
ProjectScientist
NASA Goddard SpaceFlight Center
Mr. Dick S.Diller
ProgramManager
NASA Headquarters
Mr. Charles M.MacKenzie
ProjectManager
NASA Goddard SpaceFlight Center
Mr. Burton B.Schardt
ProgramScientist
NASA Headquarters
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-103A[20/09/2010 22:51:46]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
The Einstein Observatory (HEAO 2) was the second of threemissions in a program of research in high-energy astronomicalphenomena. The science objectives of this mission wereimaging and spectrographic studies of specific X-ray sourcesand studies of the diffuse X-ray background. More specifically,scientific objectives were (1) to locate accurately and examineX-ray sources in the energy range 0.2 to 4.0 keV, with highresolution; (2) to perform high-spectral-sensitivitymeasurements with both high-and low-dispersionspectrographs; and (3) to perform high-sensitivitymeasurements of transient X-ray behavior.
The Einstein Observatory spacecraft was identical to theHEAO 1 vehicle, with the addition of reaction wheels andassociated electronics to enable the telescope to be pointed atsources to within 1 min of arc. The spacecraft was ahexagonal prism 5.68 m high and 2.67 m in diameter. Theinstrument payload weighed 1450 kg. A large grazing-incidence X-ray telescope provided images of sources thatwere then analyzed by four interchangeable instrumentsmounted on a carousel arrangement that could be rotated intothe focal plane of the telescope. The telescope collected X-rays over an angular range of approximately 1 deg x 1 deg,with the focal plane instruments determining the limitingresolution up to a few arc-s for each measurement. The fourinstruments were a solid-state spectrometer (SSS), a focalplan crystal spectrometer (FPCS), an imaging proportionalcounter (IPC), and a high-resolution imaging detector (HRI).Also included were a monitor proportional counter (MPC),which viewed the sky along the telescope axis, a broadbandfilter, and objective grating spectrometers that could be used inconjunction with focal plane instruments and an aspectsystem.
Downlink telemetry was at a data rate of 6.5 kb/s for real-timedata and 128 kb/s for either of two tape recorder systems. Anattitude control and determination subsystem was used topoint and maneuver the spacecraft. Gyros, sun sensors, andstar trackers were employed as sensing devices. For moredetails, see R. Giacconi et al., Astropy. J., v. 230, p. 540,1979.
The Einstein Observatory was shut down on April 26, 1981. Itremained in orbit for another year slowly spiraling in to theEarth, and reentered on March 25, 1982.
HEAO 2
NSSDC ID: 1978-103A
Alternate Names
Einstein
11101
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-11-13Launch Vehicle: Atlas-CentaurLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 3130.0 kg
Funding Agency
NASA-Office of SpaceScience (United States)
Discipline
Astronomy
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for HEAO 2
Experiments on HEAO 2
Data collections fromHEAO 2
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
Personnel
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
Publications
Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-103A[20/09/2010 22:51:46]
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Mr. Richard E.Halpern
ProgramManager
NASA Headquarters
Dr. Stephen S.Holt
ProjectScientist
NASA Goddard Space FlightCenter
Dr. Albert G.Opp
ProgramScientist
NASA Headquarters
Dr. John F.Stone
ProjectManager
NASA Marshall Space FlightCenter
Related Information/Data at NSSDC
HEAO-1HEAO-3
US Active Archive for Einstein (HEAO 2) Information/Data
The Einstein Archive at HEASARC
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-002A[20/09/2010 22:52:12]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
Intelsat 4A F-3 was a COMSAT Corporation commercialcommunications satellite designed to provide increasedtelecommunications capacity for Intelsat's global network.
INTELSAT 4A F-3
NSSDC ID: 1978-002A
Alternate Names
10557
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-01-07Launch Vehicle: Atlas-CentaurLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 1511.0 kg
Funding Agencies
Unknown (United States)
InternationalTelecommunicationsSatellite Corporation(International)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for INTELSAT4A F-3
Experiments on INTELSAT4A F-3
Data collections fromINTELSAT 4A F-3
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
Personnel
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
Publications
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New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-002A[20/09/2010 22:52:12]
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Mr. Henry O. Slone Project Manager NASA Lewis Research Center
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-035A[20/09/2010 22:52:40]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
INTELSAT 4A F-5 was one of a series of INTELSATs whichform the global satellite system of the InternationalTelecommunications Satellite Consortium, which consists ofmore than 80 member countries, represented by theCommunications Satellite Corporation, the U.S. builds some ofthe INTELSATs and operates some of the ground stations. Thepresent INTELSAT communication satellites are now ingeostationary orbits above the Atlantic, Pacific, and IndianOceans, providing thousands of new intercontinential radiolinks. In keeping with the trend toward more versatile world-wide communications, the new INTELSATs provide multipleaccess capabilities. The spacecraft was launched into ageostationary orbit and was located to meet COMSAT'sinternational communications capability requirements.
INTELSAT 4A F-6
NSSDC ID: 1978-035A
Alternate Names
10778
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-03-31Launch Vehicle: Atlas-CentaurLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 825.5 kg
Funding Agencies
InternationalTelecommunicationsSatellite Corporation(International)
Unknown (United States)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for INTELSAT4A F-6
Experiments on INTELSAT4A F-6
Data collections fromINTELSAT 4A F-6
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
Personnel
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
Publications
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New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-035A[20/09/2010 22:52:40]
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Mr. Henry O. Slone Project Manager NASA Lewis Research Center
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-099A[20/09/2010 22:53:02]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
Launched during the IMS period, the spacecraft experimentobjective was to study the character of the ionosphere-magnetosphere coupling by continuing experiments similar tothose on Intercosmos 10. Both real-time and stored datamodes were used. The satellite measurements wereaccompanied by simultaneous ground-based, balloon, androcket observations. The parameters were geomagnetic field (3components), low-energy particle fluxes and their angulardistributions (electrons and positive ions, 100 eV to 50 keV),VLF wave electric and magnetic components (100 Hz to 16kHz), electrostatic fields of magnetospheric-ionospheric originby a double-probe technique (3 components), electron and iondensities and temperatures using several techniques, and theion and neutral composition of the upper atmosphere.Experiment personnel and descriptions of the instrumentshave been requested but not received.
Intercosmos 18
NSSDC ID: 1978-099A
Alternate Names
MAG-IK
Magic
11082
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-10-24LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 1050.0 kg
Funding Agency
Intercosmos (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation forIntercosmos 18
Experiments onIntercosmos 18
Data collections fromIntercosmos 18
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
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Publications
Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-099A[20/09/2010 22:53:02]
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Prof. Vladimir V.Migulin
ProjectScientist
IZMIRAN [email protected]
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-079A[20/09/2010 22:53:42]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
The Explorer-class heliocentric spacecraft, International Sun-Earth Explorer 3, was part of the mother/daughter/heliocentricmission (ISEE 1, 2, and 3). The purposes of the mission were:(1) to investigate solar-terrestrial relationships at the outermostboundaries of the Earth's magnetosphere; (2) to examine indetail the structure of the solar wind near the Earth and theshock wave that forms the interface between the solar windand Earth's magnetosphere; (3) to investigate motions of andmechanisms operating in the plasma sheets; and, (4) tocontinue the investigation of cosmic rays and solar flareemissions in the interplanetary region near 1 AU.
The three spacecraft carried a number of complementaryinstruments for making measurements of plasmas, energeticparticles, waves, and fields. The mission thus extended theinvestigations of previous IMP spacecraft. The launch of threecoordinated spacecraft in this mission permitted the separationof spatial and temporal effects. This heliocentric spacecraft hada spin axis normal to the ecliptic plane and a spin rate of about20 rpm. It was initially placed into an elliptical halo orbit aboutthe Lagrangian libration point (L1) 235 Earth radii on thesunward side of the Earth, where it continuously monitoredchanges in the near-Earth interplanetary medium. Inconjunction with the mother and daughter spacecraft, whichhad eccentric geocentric orbits, this mission explored thecoupling and energy transfer processes between the incidentsolar wind and the Earth's magnetosphere. In addition, theheliocentric ISEE 3 spacecraft also provided a near-Earthbaseline for making cosmic-ray and other planetarymeasurements for comparison with correspondingmeasurements from deep-space probes. ISEE 3 was the firstspacecraft to use the halo orbit.
For instrument descriptions written by the investigators, seeIEEE Trans. on Geosci. Electron., v. GE-16, no. 3, July 1978.
In 1982 ISEE 3 began the magnetotail and comet encounterphases of its mission. A maneuver was conducted on June 10,1982, to remove the spacecraft from the halo orbit around theL1 point and place it in a transfer orbit involving a series ofpassages between Earth and the L2 (magnetotail) Lagrangianlibration point. After several passes through the Earth'smagnetotail, with gravity assists from lunar flybys in March,April, September and October of 1983, a final close lunar flyby(119.4 km above the moon's surface) on December 22, 1983,ejected the spacecraft out of the Earth-Moon system and into aheliocentric orbit ahead of the Earth, on a trajectoryintercepting that of Comet Giacobini-Zinner. At this time, thespacecraft was renamed International Cometary Explorer
ISEE 3
NSSDC ID: 1978-079A
Alternate Names
International Sun-EarthExplorer-C
ISEE-C
International CometaryExplorer
ICE
Explorer 59
11004
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-08-12Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 390.0 kgNominalPower: 173.0 W
Funding Agency
NASA-Office of SpaceScience Applications(United States)
Disciplines
Astronomy
Planetary Science
Solar Physics
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for ISEE 3
PDMP information forISEE 3
Telecommunicationsinformation for ISEE 3
Experiments on ISEE 3
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
Publications
Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
ISEE 3
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-079A[20/09/2010 22:53:42]
(ICE). A total of fifteen propulsive maneuvers (four of whichwere planned) and five lunar flybys were needed to carry outthe transfer from the halo orbit to an escape trajectory from theearth-moon system into a heliocentric orbit.
The primary scientific objective of ICE was to study theinteraction between the solar wind and a cometaryatmosphere. As planned, the spacecraft traversed the plasmatail of Comet Giacobini-Zinner on September 11, 1985, andmade in situ measurements of particles, fields, and waves. Italso transited between the Sun and Comet Halley in lateMarch 1986, when other spacecraft (Giotto, Planet-A, MS-T5,VEGA) were also in the vicinity of Comet Halley on their earlyMarch comet rendezvous missions. ICE became the firstspacecraft to directly investigate two comets. ICE data fromboth cometary encounters are included in the InternationalHalley Watch archive:http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?ds=XD-B3A
Tracking and telemetry support have been provided by theDSN (Deep Space Network) since January 1984. The ISEE-3/ICE bit rate was nominally 2048 bps during the early part ofthe mission, and 1024 bps during the Giacobini-Zinner cometencounter. The bit rate then successively dropped to 512 bps(on 9/12/85), 256 bps (on 5/1/87), 128 bps (on 1/24/89) andfinally to 64 bps (on 12/27/91).
An update to the ICE mission was approved by NASAheadquarters in 1991. It defines a Heliospheric mission for ICEconsisting of investigations of coronal mass ejections incoordination with ground-based observations, continuedcosmic ray studies, and special period observations such aswhen ICE and Ulysses are on the same solar radial line. ByMay 1995 ICE was being operated with only a low duty cycle,with some support being provided by the Ulysses project fordata analysis. Two years later, termination of operations ofICE/ISEE3 was authorized May 5, 1997.
As of January 1990, ICE was in a 355 day heliocentric orbitwith an aphelion of 1.03 AU, a perihelion of 0.93 AU and aninclination of 0.1 degree. This will bring it back to the vicinity ofthe earth-moon system in August, 2014. For instrumentdescriptions written by the investigators, see IEEE Trans. onGeosci. Electron., v. GE-16, no. 3, July 1978.
Data collections from ISEE3
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. H. KentHills.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Dr. Keith W.Ogilvie
Project Scientist NASA Goddard SpaceFlight Center
Dr. James B.Willett
Program Manager NASA Headquarters
Mr. Paul J.Pashby
Project Manager NASA Goddard SpaceFlight Center
Mr. Louis J.Demas
Program Scientist NASA Headquarters
Mr. Gilbert D.Bullock
Mission OperationsManager
NASA Goddard SpaceFlight Center
Selected References
Ogilvie, K. W., et al., Descriptions of experimental investigations and instruments for the ISEEspacecraft, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Electron., GE-16, No. 3, 151-153, July 1978.
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-079A[20/09/2010 22:53:42]
Ogilvie, K. W., et al., International Sun Earth Explorer - A three spacecraft program, Science,198, No. 4313, 131-138, Oct. 1977.
Tsurutani, B. T., and T. T. Von Rosenvinge, ISEE-3 distant geotail results, Geophys. Res. Lett.,11, No. 10, 1027-1029, Oct. 1984.
Von Rosenvinge, T. T., et al., International Cometary Explorer mission to comet Giacobini-Zinner, Science, 232, 353-356, Apr. 1986.
Farquhar, R., et al., Trajectories and orbital maneuvers for the ISEE-3/ICE comet mission, J.Astron. Sci., 33, No. 3, 235-254, July-Sept. 1985.
Efron, L., et al., ISEE-3/ICE navigation analysis, J. Astron. Sci., 33, No. 3, 301-323, July-Sept.1985.
Other ISEE 3/ICE Data/Information from NSSDC
Image of ISEE 3's orbit.ICE data from International Halley Watch
Related Missions
ISEE SpacecraftISEE 1ISEE 2
Other International Halley Watch (IHW) SpacecraftGiottoSakigakeSuiseiVega 1Vega 2
Other Sources of ISEE 3 Data/Information
Trajectory data (ICE phase)
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
ISSEE-3 ISEE-3. Otros nombres: 1978-079A, International Sun-Earth Explorer-C, ISEE-C, International Cometary Explorer, ICE, Explorer 59, 11004. Lanzamiento: 12 de agosto de 1.978 a las 15:12:00 GMT. Masa seca en órbita: 390 kgs. La sonda ISEE-3, de la clase Explorer, formaba parte de un conjunto de tres misiones (ISEE 1,2,3). Los objetivos de la misión eran:
- Investigar la relación terrestre-solar en los límites de la magnetosfera terrestre. - Examinar en detalle la estructura del viento solar cerca de la Tierra y las ondas de choque formadas en los límites entre el viento solar y la magnetosfera terrestre. - Investigar los movimientos y mecanismos del plasma - Continuar la investigación de los rayos cósmicos y las erupciones solares. Las tres naves llevaban instrumentos complementarios para realizar medidas de los plasmas, las partículas energéticas, las ondas y los campos. El lanzamiento de las tres naves de forma coordinada permite el estudio en diferentes zonas del espacio de los mismos procesos. Inicialmente la sonda se encontraba en una órbita elíptica alrededor del punto L1 a unos 235 radios de la Tierra (la primera sonda en tener esta órbita) y desde donde estudiaba los cambios del medio interplanetario, los rayos cósmicos y la incidencia del viento solar. En 1.982 la misión adquirió otro sentido cuando fue enviada a estudiar dos cometas. En una maniobra realizada el 10 de junio de ese año, la nave abandonó el punto L1 y tras una complicadísima serie de pases orbitales entre la Tierra y el punto L2, realizó varios encuentro con la Luna en marzo, abril, septiembre y octubre de 1.983. El 22 de diciembre de ese año realizó el último sobrevuelo lunar a una distancia de tan sólo 119,4 kms. de la superficie, lo que la llevó a abandonar el sistema Tierra-Luna para entrar en una órbita heliocéntrica que la llevaría a interceptar el cometa Giacobini-Zinner. En esos momentos la sonda cambió de nombre llamándose desde entonces International Cometary Explorer (ICE). El objetivo científico primario de ICE fue el estudio de la interacción entre el viento solar y la atmósfera cometaria. Como estaba planeado, la sonda atravesó la cola de plasma del cometa el 11 de septiembre de 1.985 y realizó mediciones de los campos y partículas allí presentes. Más tarde atravesó una zona del espacio entre el cometa Halley y el Sol en marzo de 1.986, mientras otras sondas estaban en las cercanías de este cometa. De esta forma, ICE se convirtió en la primera sonda que investigó dos cometas. El ritmo de envío de datos por parte de la nave estuvo constante durante la primera parte de la misión y se situaba en 2.048 bps. Durante el encuentro con Giacobini-Zinner bajó a 1.024 y llegó a tan sólo 64 bps el 27 de diciembre de 1.991. En 1.991 se le encomendó a la sonda una nueva misión. Estudiaría las eyecciones coronales de masa del Sol en coordinación con las observaciones desde nuestro planeta, continuaría el estudio de los rayos cósmicos y realizaría observaciones periódicas especiales cuando se encontrase en la misma dirección radial con respecto al Sol que la sonda Ulysses. En mayo de 1.997 se autorizó la finalización de las operaciones para esta veterana sonda. Volverá a las cercanías de la Tierra en agosto de 2.014.
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-018A[20/09/2010 22:54:13]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
The Ionosphere Sounding Satellite (ISS) was part of Japan'scontribution to the International Magnetospheric Study (IMS).Its objectives were to accumulate data for study of the topsideionosphere and to survey radio noise at four frequencies, fromboth earth and cosmic sources. It prepared world-wide mapsof F2 critical frequency from the ionosphere sounding data.The ISS 2 was a small observatory with four experiments onboard. The spacecraft, a right cylinder, 82 cm long and 93.5 cmin diameter, was spin stabilized at about 13 rpm with the spinaxis normal to the ecliptic plane. Two pairs of crossed dipoleantennas extended from the central part of the satellite and layperpendicular to the spin axis. These antennas, 36.8 and 11.4m long, were unfurled in orbit and were shared by ionosphericsounding and radio noise experiments. A spherical retarding-potential trap sensor was mounted on a boom perpendicular tothe spin axis. A magnetic attitude sensor was mounted on asimilar boom on the opposite side of the spacecraft. Theremaining experiment involved a Bennett-type massspectrometer with two sensors flush-mounted on oppositeends of the spacecraft. Spacecraft attitude was determined bymeans of a magnetometer, a solar sensor, and an earthhorizon sensor. Small telemetry and command antennasextended from the spacecraft. The spacecraft was poweredfrom a battery solar-cell system with solar cells covering mostof the cylindrical surface. One recorder on board permittedspacecraft operation in either a recorded (for up to 112 min) orreal-time mode. Readout and real-time operation were donefrom Kashima, Japan, and Ottawa, Canada.
ISS-B
NSSDC ID: 1978-018A
Alternate Names
UME 2
ISS-2
Ionosp Sounding Sat 2
10674
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-02-16Launch Vehicle: NuLaunchSite: Tanegashima, JapanMass: 135.0 kg
Funding Agency
Radio Research Lab(Japan)
Discipline
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for ISS-B
Experiments on ISS-B
Data collections from ISS-B
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. Dieter K.Bilitza.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
Publications
Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-018A[20/09/2010 22:54:13]
Dr. NobuoMatuura
ProjectScientist
Radio ResearchLaboratory
Prof. YukioHakura
ProjectManager
Radio ResearchLaboratory
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-012A[20/09/2010 22:54:34]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
The International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE, formerly SAS-D)satellite was a spaceborne ultraviolet astronomical observatoryfor use as an international facility. The IUE contained a 45-cmtelescope solely for spectroscopy in the wavelength range o1150 to 3250 A. The satellite and optical instrumentation wereprovided by the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). Thetelevision cameras, used as detectors, were provided by theUnited Kingdom Science Engineering Research Council(SERC, formerly UKSRC). The European Space Agency (ESA,formerly ESRO) supplied solar paddles for the satellite and aEuropean Control Center. After launch, two-thirds of theobserving time was directed from a control center at GSFC;one-third of the time the satellite was operated from theEuropean Control Center near Madrid. The IUE observatorywas in a synchronous orbit.
The 45 cm Ritchey-Chretien f/15 telescope fed a spectrographpackage. The spectrograph package, using secondary electronconduction (SEC) Vidicon cameras as detectors, covered thespectral range from 1150 to 3250 A, operating in either a high-or low-resolution mode with resolutions of approximately 0.1and 6 A, respectively. The SEC Vidicons could integrate thesignal for up to many hours. At high resolution, spectra ofstellar sources were obtained as faint as 12th magnitude, whileat lower resolution, observations had been made of sourcesfainter than 17th magnitude. The latter observations required14 hours of integration time.
Listings of guest observers and their investigations can beobtained from the IUE Newsletter, IUE Observatory, Code 685,Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771,U.S.A. For more details, see A. Boggess et al., Nature, v. 275,p. 372, 1978; A. Boggess et al., Nature, v. 275 p. 377, 1978.
IUE was shut down at 18:42 UT, 30 September 1996.
IUE
NSSDC ID: 1978-012A
Alternate Names
International UltravioletExplorer
Explorer 57
10637
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-01-26Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 669.0 kgNominalPower: 424.0 W
Funding Agencies
European Space Agency(International)
NASA-Office of SpaceScience Applications(United States)
Science and EngineeringResearch Council, UK(United Kingdom)
Disciplines
Astronomy
Planetary Science
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for IUE
PDMP information for IUE
Telecommunicationsinformation for IUE
Experiments on IUE
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
Publications
Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-012A[20/09/2010 22:54:34]
Data collections from IUE
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Mr. FrederickGordon, Jr.
MissionOperationsManager
NASA Goddard SpaceFlight Center
Dr. Edward J.Weiler
ProgramScientist
NASA Headquarters [email protected]
Dr. Yoji Kondo Project Scientist NASA Goddard SpaceFlight Center
Mr. Paul J.Pashby
ProjectManager
NASA Goddard SpaceFlight Center
Dr. Andrew G.Michalitsianos
Deputy ProjectScientist
NASA Goddard SpaceFlight Center
Dr. Guenter R.Reigler
ProgramManager
NASA Headquarters [email protected]
Selected References
Boggess, A., et al., IUE spacecraft and instrumentation, Nature, 275, No. 5679, 372-376, Oct.1978.
Boggess, A., et al., In-flight performance of the IUE, Nature, 275, No. 5, 377-385, Oct. 1978.
US Active Archive for IUE Information/Data
The IUE Archive at MAST(STScI)
Other Sources of IUE Information/Data
IUE Project at ESA
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-087A[20/09/2010 22:54:56]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
This mission was part of the Japanese contribution to theInternational Magnetospheric Study, and it carried outcoordinated observations with Kyokko. Investigations ofcorrelated mechanisms between particles and fields andplasma turbulence were made with in situ measurementtechniques using electrostatic particle analyzers. Thespacecraft, a 12-sided polyhedron, carried extendable dipoleantennas with lengths of 103 m and 69.6 m, and a 1-m boomfor a vector magnetometer. A solar panel array provided 30 Winto a battery and regulator system. The spacecraft spinstabilized at 150 rpm but dropped to 3 rpm when the two setsof antennas were extended. Attitude was measured with a sunsensor to an accuracy of 0.5 deg. A 0.5-w 136-MHz PCM/PMtelemetry system handled 256 or 1024 bps, and a 2-w 400-MHz PM system handled wideband 10-kHz or 3-kHz data.Data acquisition was in real time except for a 10-Kbytememory for housekeeping and plasma parameter data.
Jikiken
NSSDC ID: 1978-087A
Alternate Names
EXOS-B
11027
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-09-16Launch Vehicle: M-3HLaunch Site: UchinouraSpace Center, JapanMass: 92.0 kgNominal Power: 30.0 W
Funding Agency
Institute of Space andAeronautical Science, Uof Tokyo (Japan)
Discipline
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Jikiken
Experiments on Jikiken
Data collections fromJikiken
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
Publications
Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-087A[20/09/2010 22:54:56]
Prof. HiroshiOya
ProjectScientist
University of Tohoku [email protected]
Dr. AtsuhiroNishida
ProjectScientist
Institute of Space andAeronautical Science
Prof. TatsuzoObayashi
ProjectManager
Institute of Space andAeronautical Science
Dr. NobukiKawashima
ProjectScientist
Institute of Space andAeronautical Science
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-021A[20/09/2010 22:55:33]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
Jumpseat 4 was an electronics intelligence satellite launchedby the US Air Force from Vandenberg AFB aboard a Titan 3Brocket.
Jumpseat 4
NSSDC ID: 1978-021A
Alternate Names
10688
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-02-25LaunchVehicle: UnknownLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 700.0 kg
Funding Agency
Department of Defense-Department of the AirForce (United States)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Jumpseat4
Experiments on Jumpseat4
Data collections fromJumpseat 4
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
Publications
Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, II
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-060A[20/09/2010 22:55:58]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
This US Air Force photo surveillance satellite was launchedfrom Vandenberg AFB aboard a Titan 3D rocket. It was a KH-11 (Key Hole-11) type Spacecraft. Spacecraft engaged ininvestigation of spaceflight techniques and technology.
KH 11-2
NSSDC ID: 1978-060A
Alternate Names
1978-060A
10947
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-06-14Launch Vehicle: TitanIII-DLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 13000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (United States)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for KH 11-2
Experiments on KH 11-2
Data collections from KH11-2
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-029A[20/09/2010 22:56:19]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
This US Air Force photo surveillance satellite was launchedfrom Vandenberg AFB aboard a Titan 3D rocket. It was a KH-9(Key Hole-9) type spacecraft.
KH 9-14
NSSDC ID: 1978-029A
Alternate Names
1978-029A
10733
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-03-16Launch Vehicle: TitanIII-DLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 13300.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (United States)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for KH 9-14
Experiments on KH 9-14
Data collections from KH 9-14
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-029B[20/09/2010 22:56:49]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
This US Air Force electronics intelligence satellite waslaunched from Vandenberg AFB aboard a Titan 3D rocket.
KH 9-14 subsatellite
NSSDC ID: 1978-029B
Alternate Names
S3-4
10734
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-03-16Launch Vehicle: TitanIII-DLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 60.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (United States)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for KH 9-14subsatellite
Experiments on KH 9-14subsatellite
Data collections from KH 9-14 subsatellite
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-014A[20/09/2010 22:57:10]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
This satellite was a part of Japan's contribution to theInternational Magnetospheric Study. The mission objectiveswere to observe the aurora borealis, study aurora-relatedphenomena, and study the ionosphere and magnetosphere.The main body of the spacecraft was a cylinder 0.946 m indiameter with shallow truncated cones attached at both ends.Most of the surface was covered with solar cells that produced35 W. Two booms of roughly 1.9 m each extended outwardfrom the equator of the main body. At the tip of each boomwas a permanent magnet to provide alignment of thespacecraft center axis along the local geomagnetic field line.Two sets of circularly polarized quadrupole antennas, one forUHF (400 MHz) and another for VHF, extended from oppositeends of the spacecraft. The VHF antenna was diplexed fortelemetry (136 MHz) and command (148 MHz). Other attitudesensors included a vector magnetometer and a solar sensor.The spacecraft contained a tape recorder to store 160 min ofdata at 512 bps or 40 min at 2048 bps, with readout in 10 minat 8192 bps. Besides the solar cells, there was a nickel-cadmium battery for nighttime operation.
Kyokko
NSSDC ID: 1978-014A
Alternate Names
EXOS A
Exospheric Sat. A
10664
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-02-04Launch Vehicle: M-3HLaunch Site: UchinouraSpace Center, JapanMass: 126.0 kg
Funding Agency
Institute of Space andAeronautical Science, Uof Tokyo (Japan)
Discipline
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Kyokko
Experiments on Kyokko
Data collections fromKyokko
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. H. KentHills.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Prof. Tomizo Itoh Project Scientist Institute of Space and Aeronautical Science
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-014A[20/09/2010 22:57:10]
Prof. Kunio Hirao Project Manager Institute of Space and Aeronautical Science
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-026A[20/09/2010 22:57:30]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
LANDSAT 3 was a modified version of the Nimbus satellite,with the general mission objective of extending the period ofspace-data acquisition for earth resources initiated byLANDSAT 1 (formerly ERTS 1) and continued by LANDSAT 2.The near-polar orbiting spacecraft served as a stabilized,earth-oriented platform for obtaining information on agriculturaland forestry resources, geology and mineral resources,hydrology and water resources, geography, cartography,environmental pollution, oceanography and marine resources,and meteorological phenomena. To accomplish theseobjectives, the spacecraft was equipped with a two-camerareturn beam vidicon (RBV) and a five-channel multispectralscanner (MSS) to obtain both visible and IR photographic andradiometric images of the earth. A data collection system wasalso used to collect information from remote individuallyequipped ground stations and to relay the data to centralacquisition stations. LANDSAT 3 carried two wide-band videotape recorders (WBVTR) capable of storing up to 30 min ofscanner or camera data. An advanced attitude control system,consisting of horizon scanners, sun sensors, and a commandantenna combined with a freon gas propulsion system,permitted the spacecraft's orientation to be controlled to withinplus or minus 1.0 deg in all three axes. Spacecraftcommunications included a command subsystem, operating at154.2 and 2106.4 MHz, and a PCM narrow-band telemetrysubsystem, operating at 2287.5 and 137.86 MHz, forspacecraft housekeeping, attitude, and sensor performancedata. Video data from the two-camera RBV system weretransmitted in both real time and from the wide-band recordersystem at 2265.5 MHz, while information from the MSS wasconstrained to a 20-MHz rf bandwidth at 2229.5 MHz.
Landsat 3
NSSDC ID: 1978-026A
Alternate Names
ERTS-C
Landsat-C
10702
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-03-05Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 960.0 kg
Funding Agency
NASA-Office of SpaceScience Applications(United States)
Disciplines
Engineering
Earth Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Landsat 3
Experiments on Landsat 3
Data collections fromLandsat 3
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-026A[20/09/2010 22:57:30]
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Dr. Stanley C. Freden Project Scientist NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Dr. James C. Welch Program Manager NASA Headquarters
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-099C[20/09/2010 22:57:50]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
Magion 1 was a Czechoslovakian subsatellite that separatedfrom Intercosmos 18 on November 14, 1978. It wasmagnetically stabilized and was designed to carry ionospheric-type experiments related to the International MagnetosphericStudy. MAGION had a prismatic shape (.3 x .3 x .15 m) andfollowed the orbit of Intercosmos 18. Czechoslovakparticipation in studies of mutual relations between the earth'smagnetosphere and ionosphere consisted mainly of measuringVLF phenomena on board MAGION, which was moving slowlyaway from Intercosmos 18, and in cooperating in themeasurements of plasma properties in the vicinity of thissatellite. For more details on the spacecraft and itsexperiments see P. Triska, et. al., Adv. Space Res., v. 2, n. 7,p. 53-56, 1983.
Magion 1
NSSDC ID: 1978-099C
Alternate Names
11110
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-10-24LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-5(SKean IRBM) plus UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 15.0 kg
Funding Agencies
Intercosmos (U.S.S.R)
Czechoslovakia Academyof Sciences (CzechRepublic)
Discipline
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Magion 1
Experiments on Magion 1
Data collections fromMagion 1
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-099C[20/09/2010 22:57:50]
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Dr. Pavel Triska Project Scientist Czech Academy of Sciences [email protected]
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=MAROTS[20/09/2010 22:58:12]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
The MAROTS spacecraft was a three-axis stabilized satellitedesigned for relay of shore-to-ship and ship-to-shorecommunication channels (voice, data, and teleprinter). Thefinal orbit will be geosynchronous.
MAROTS
NSSDC ID: MAROTS
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-06-22Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United States
Funding Agency
European Space Agency(International)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for MAROTS
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Data collections fromMAROTS
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Mr. Robert J. Goss ProjectManager
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Dr. J.Vandenkerckhove
ProjectScientist
ESA-European Space Research andTechnology Centre
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-024A[20/09/2010 22:58:50]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
Molniya 1/39 was a first-generation Russian communicationsatellite orbited to test and perfect a system of radiocommunications and television broadcasting using earthsatellites as active transponders and to experiment with thesystem in practical use. The basic function of the satellite wasto relay television programs and long-distance two-waymultichannel telephone, phototelephone, and telegraph linksfrom Moscow to the various standard ground receiving stationsin the 'Orbita' system. The satellite was in the form of ahermetically sealed cylinder with conical ends -- one endcontained the orbtial correcting engine and a system ofmicrojets, and the other end contained externally mountedsolar and earth sensors. Inside the cylinder were (1) a high-sensitivity receiver and three 800-MHz 40-w transmitters (oneoperational and two in reserve), (2) telemetering devices thatmonitored equipment operation, (3) chemical batteries thatwere constantly recharged by solar cells, and (4) an electroniccomputer that controlled all equipment on board. Mountedaround the central cylinder were six large solar battery panelsand two directional, high-gain parabolic aerials, 180 deg apart.One of the aerials was directed continually toward the earth bythe highly sensitive earth sensors. The second aerial was heldin reserve. Signals were transmitted in a fairly narrow beamensuring a strong reception at the earth's surface. The satellitereceived at 1000 MHz. Television service was provided in afrequency range of 3.4 to 4.1 GHz at 40 w. Molniya 1/39,whose cylindrical body was 3.4 m long and 1.6 m in diameter,was much heavier than corresponding U.S. COMSATs, and ithad about 10 times the power output of the Early BirdCOMSAT. In addition, it did not employ a synchronousequatorial orbit as do most U.S. COMSATs because such anorbit would not provide coverage for areas north of 70 deg nlatitude. Instead, the satellite was boosted from a low-altitudeparking orbit into a highly elliptical orbit with two high apogeesdaily over the northern hemisphere -- one over Russia and oneover North America -- and relatively low perigees over thesouthern hemipshere. During its apogee, Molniya 1/39remained relatively stationary with respect to the earth belowfor nearly 8 of every 12 hr. By placing three or more Molniya 1satellites in this type of orbit, spacing them suitably, andshifting their orbital planes relative to each other by 120 deg, a24-hr/day communication system could be obtained.
Molniya 1-39
NSSDC ID: 1978-024A
Alternate Names
10696
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-03-03LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration Upper Stage +Escape StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 1970.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Molniya 1-39
Experiments on Molniya 1-39
Data collections fromMolniya 1-39
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-055A[20/09/2010 22:59:23]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
Molniya 1/40 was a first-generation Russian communicationssatellite (COMSAT) orbited to test and perfect a system ofradio communications and television broadcasting using earthsatellites as active transponders and to experiment with thesystem in practical use. The basic function of the satellite wasto relay television programs and long-distance two-waymultichannel telephone, phototelephone, and telegraph linksfrom Moscow to the various standard ground receiving stationsin the 'Orbita' system. The satellite was in the form of ahermetically sealed cylinder with conical ends -- one endcontained the orbital correcting engine and a system ofmicrojets, and the other end contained externally mountedsolar and earth sensors. Inside the cylinder were (1) a high-sensitivity receiver and three 800-MHz 40-w transmitters (oneoperational and two in reserve), (2) telemetering devices thatmonitored equipment operation, (3) chemical batteries thatwere constantly recharged by solar cells, and (4) an electroniccomputer that controlled all equipment on board. Mountedaround the central cylinder were six large solar battery panelsand two directional, high-gain parabolic aerials, 180 deg apart.One of the aerials was directed continually toward the earth bythe highly sensitive earth sensors. The second aerial was heldin reserve. Signals were transmitted in a fairly narrow beamensuring a strong reception at the earth's surface. The satellitereceived telemetry at 1000 MHz. Television service wasprovided in a frequency range of 3.4 to 4.1 GHz at 40 w.Molniya 1/40, whose cylindrical body was 3.4 m long and 1.6 min diameter, was much heavier than corresponding U.S.COMSATs, and it had about 10 times the power output of theEarly Bird COMSAT. In addition, it did not employ ageosynchronous equatorial orbit as have most U.S. COMSATsbecause such an orbit would not provide coverage for areasnorth of 70 deg n latitude. Instead, the satellite was boostedfrom a low-altitude parking orbit into a highly elliptical orbit withtwo high apogees daily over the northern hemisphere -- oneover Russia and one over North America -- and relatively lowperigees over the southern hemisphere. During its apogee,Molniya 1/40 remained relatively stationary with respect to theearth below for nearly 8 of every 12 hr. By placing three ofmore Molniya 1 satellites in this type of orbit, spacing themsuitably, and shifting their orbital planes relative to each otherby 120 deg, a 24-hr/day communication system could beobtained.
Molniya 1-40
NSSDC ID: 1978-055A
Alternate Names
10925
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-06-02LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 1970.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Molniya 1-40
Experiments on Molniya 1-40
Data collections fromMolniya 1-40
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-072A[20/09/2010 23:00:12]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
Molniya 1/41 was a first-generation Russian communicationssatellite (COMSAT) orbited to test and perfect a system ofradio communications and television broadcasting using earthsatellites as active transponders and to experiment with thesystem in practical use. The basic function of the satellite wasto relay television programs and long-distance two-waymultichannel telephone, phototelephone, and telegraph linksfrom Moscow to the various standard ground receiving stationsin the 'Orbita' system. The satellite was in the form of ahermetically sealed cylinder with conical ends -- one endcontained the orbital correcting engine and a system ofmicrojets, and the other end contained externally mountedsolar and earth sensors. Inside the cylinder were (1) a high-sensitivity receiver and three 800-MHz 40-w transmitters (oneoperational and two in reserve), (2) telemetering devices thatmonitored equipment operation, (3) chemical batteries thatwere constantly recharged by solar cells, and (4) an electroniccomputer that contorlled all equipment on board. Mountedaround the central cylinder were six large solar battery panelsand two directional, high-gain parabolic aerials, 180 deg apart.One of the aerials was directed continually toward the earth bythe highly sensitive earth sensors. The second aerial was heldin reserve. Signals were transmitted in a fairly narrow beamensuring a strong reception at the earth's surface. The satellitereceived telemetry at 1000 MHz. Television service wasprovided in a frequency range of 3.4 to 4.1 GHz at 40 w.Molniya 1/41, whose cylindrical body was 3.4 m long and 1.6 min diameter, was much heavier than corresponding U.S.COMSATS, and it had about 10 times the power output of theEarly Bird COMSAT. In addition, it did not employ ageosynchronous equatorial orbit as have most U.S. COMSATsbecause such an orbit would not provide coverage for areasnorth of 70 deg n latitude. Instead, the satellite was boostedfrom a low-altitude parking orbit into a highly elliptical orbit withtwo high apogees daily over the northern hemisphere -- oneover Russia and one over North America -- and relatively lowperigees over the southern hemisphere. During its apogee,Molniya 1/41 remained relatively staionary with respect to theearth below for nearly 8 of every 12 hr. By placing three ormore Molniya 1 satellites in this type of orbit, spacing themsuitably, and shifting their orbital planes relative to each otherby 120 deg, a 24-hr/day communication system could beobtained.
Molniya 1-41
NSSDC ID: 1978-072A
Alternate Names
10984
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-07-14LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration Upper Stage +Escape StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 1970.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Molniya 1-41
Experiments on Molniya 1-41
Data collections fromMolniya 1-41
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-080A[20/09/2010 23:00:43]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
Molniya 1/42 was a first-generation Russian communicationssatellite (COMSAT) orbited to test and perfect a system ofradio communications and television broadcasting using earthsatellites as active transponders and to experiment with thesystem in practical use. The basic function of the satellite wasto relay television programs and long-distance two-waymultichannel telephone, phototelephone, and telegraph linksfrom Moscow to the various standard ground receiving stationsin the 'Orbita' system. The satellite was in the form of ahermetically sealed cylinder with conical ends -- one endcontained the orbital correcting engine and a system ofmicrojets, and the other end contained externally mountedsolar and earth sensors. Inside the cylinder were (1) a high-sensitivity receiver and three 800-MHz 40-w transmitters (oneoperational and two in reserve), (2) telemetering devices thatmonitored equipment operation, (3) chemical batteries thatwere constantly recharged by solar cells, and (4) an electroniccomputer that controlled all equipment on board. Mountedaround the central cylinder were six large solar battery panelsand two directional, high-gain parabolic aerials, 180 deg apart.One of the aerials was directed continually toward the earth bythe highly sensitive earth sensors. The second aerial was heldin reserve. Signals were transmitted in a fairly narrow beamensuring a strong reception at the earth's surface. The satellitereceived telemetry at 1000 MHz. Television service wasprovided in a frequency range of 3.4 to 4.1 GHz at 40 w.Molniya 1/42, whose cylindrical body was 3.4 m long and 1.6 min diameter, was much heavier than corresponding U.S.COMSATs, and it had about 10 times the power output of theEarly Bird COMSAT. In addition, it did not employ ageosynchronous equatorial orbit as have most U.S. COMSATsbecause such an orbit would not provide coverage for areasnorth of 70 deg n latitude. Instead, the satellite was boostedfrom a low-altitude parking orbit into a highly elliptical orbit withtwo high apogees daily over the northern hemisphere -- oneover Russia and one over North America -- and relatively lowperigees over the southern hemisphere. During its apogee,Molniya 1/42 remained relatively stationary with respect to theearth below for nearly 8 of every 12 hr. By placing three ormore Molniya 1 satellites in this type of orbit, spacing themsuitably, and shifting their orbital planes relative to each otherby 120 deg, a 24-hr/day communication system could beobtained.
Molniya 1-42
NSSDC ID: 1978-080A
Alternate Names
11007
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-08-22LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration Upper Stage +Escape StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 1970.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Molniya 1-42
Experiments on Molniya 1-42
Data collections fromMolniya 1-42
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-009A[20/09/2010 23:01:06]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
The Molniya-3 Soviet communications satellites were used tocreate the 'Orbita' communications system for northernregions, with groups of four satellites. The first Molniya 3spacecraft appeared in 1974, primarily to support civilcommunications (domestic and international), with a slightlyenhanced electrical power system and a communicationspayload of three 6/4 GHz transponders with power outputs of40 W or 80 W. The land segment used a 12 m diameterparabolic antenna, which was pointed automatically at thesatellite using autonomous electromechanical equipment. Laterversions were to be part of the YeSSS Unified SatelliteCommunications System. Trials of this version began in the1980's, with the system being accepted by the Russian militaryin 1983-1985.
Molniya 3- 9
NSSDC ID: 1978-009A
Alternate Names
10605
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-01-24LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration Upper Stage +Escape StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 2060.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Molniya 3-9
Experiments on Molniya 3-9
Data collections fromMolniya 3- 9
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-095A[20/09/2010 23:01:27]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
The Molniya-3 Soviet communications satellites were used tocreate the 'Orbita' communications system for northernregions, with groups of four satellites. The first Molniya 3spacecraft appeared in 1974, primarily to support civilcommunications (domestic and international), with a slightlyenhanced electrical power system and a communicationspayload of three 6/4 GHz transponders with power outputs of40 W or 80 W. The land segment used a 12 m diameterparabolic antenna, which was pointed automatically at thesatellite using autonomous electromechanical equipment. Laterversions were to be part of the YeSSS Unified SatelliteCommunications System. Trials of this version began in the1980's, with the system being accepted by the Russian militaryin 1983-1985.
Molniya 3-10
NSSDC ID: 1978-095A
Alternate Names
11057
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-10-13LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration Upper Stage +Escape StageLaunch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 2060.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Molniya 3-10
Experiments on Molniya 3-10
Data collections fromMolniya 3-10
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-106A[20/09/2010 23:01:56]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
NATO 3-C was a third generation communications satellitelaunched by NASA for NATO. The NATA SatelliteCommunications System provided immediate communicationslinks between officials of the various NATO nations. As of1998, one NATO 3 and two NATO 4 satellites were still inearth orbit at an altitude of more than 23,000 miles. Thesatellites were ultra-high, super- high, and extremely-highfrequency systems capable of providing secure voice and faxservices to hundres of NATO users sumultaneously. Membersof an Air Force Space Command unit provided command andcontrol for the NATO system.
NATO 3-C
NSSDC ID: 1978-106A
Alternate Names
NATO-E
11115
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-11-19Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 720.0 kg
Funding Agencies
North Atlantic TreatyOrganization(International)
Department of Defense-Department of the AirForce (United States)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for NATO 3-C
Experiments on NATO 3-C
Data collections fromNATO 3-C
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-106A[20/09/2010 23:01:56]
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Mr. Robert J. Goss Project Manager NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-020A[20/09/2010 23:02:52]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
Global Positioning System (GPS) was developed by the USDepartment of Defense to provide all-weather round-the-clocknavigation capabilities for military ground, sea, and air forces.Since its implementation, GPS has also become an integralasset in numerous civilian applications and industries aroundthe globe, including recreational used (e.g., boating, aircraft,hiking), corporate vehicle fleet tracking, and surveying. GPSemploys 24 spacecraft in 20,200 km circular orbits inclined at55 degrees. These vehicles are placed in 6 orbit planes withfour operational satellites in each plane.
The first eleven spacecraft (GPS Block 1) were used todemonstrate the feasibility of the GPS system. They were 3-axis stabilized, nadir pointing using reaction wheels. Dual solararrays supplied over 400 W. They had S-band (SGLS)communications for control and telemetry and UHF cross-linkbetween spacecraft. They were manufactured by RockwellSpace Systems, were 5.3 m across with solar panelsdeployed, and had a design life expectancy of 5 years. Unlikethe later operational satellites, GPS Block 1 spacecraft wereinclined at 63 degrees.
Navstar 1
NSSDC ID: 1978-020A
Alternate Names
GPS 1-1
NDS
10684
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-02-22Launch Vehicle: AtlasFLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 450.0 kgNominalPower: 400.0 W
Funding Agency
Department of Defense-Department of the AirForce (United States)
Discipline
Navigation & GlobalPositioning
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Navstar 1
Experiments on Navstar 1
Data collections fromNavstar 1
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-047A[20/09/2010 23:04:35]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
Global Positioning System (GPS) was developed by the USDepartment of Defense to provide all-weather round-the-clocknavigation capabilities for military ground, sea, and air forces.Since its implementation, GPS has also become an integralasset in numerous civilian applications and industries aroundthe globe, including recreational used (e.g., boating, aircraft,hiking), corporate vehicle fleet tracking, and surveying. GPSemploys 24 spacecraft in 20,200 km circular orbits inclined at55 degrees. These vehicles are placed in 6 orbit planes withfour operational satellites in each plane.
The first eleven spacecraft (GPS Block 1) were used todemonstrate the feasibility of the GPS system. They were 3-axis stabilized, nadir pointing using reaction wheels. Dual solararrays supplied over 400 W. They had S-band (SGLS)communications for control and telemetry and UHF cross-linkbetween spacecraft. They were manufactured by RockwellSpace Systems, were 5.3 m across with solar panelsdeployed, and had a design life expectancy of 5 years. Unlikethe later operational satellites, GPS Block 1 spacecraft wereinclined at 63 degrees.
Navstar 2
NSSDC ID: 1978-047A
Alternate Names
NDS 2
GPS 1-2
10893
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-05-13Launch Vehicle: AtlasFLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 453.0 kgNominalPower: 400.0 W
Funding Agency
Department of Defense-Department of the AirForce (United States)
Discipline
Navigation & GlobalPositioning
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Navstar 2
Experiments on Navstar 2
Data collections fromNavstar 2
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-093A[20/09/2010 23:05:51]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
Global Positioning System (GPS) was developed by the USDepartment of Defense to provide all-weather round-the-clocknavigation capabilities for military ground, sea, and air forces.Since its implementation, GPS has also become an integralasset in numerous civilian applications and industries aroundthe globe, including recreational used (e.g., boating, aircraft,hiking), corporate vehicle fleet tracking, and surveying. GPSemploys 24 spacecraft in 20,200 km circular orbits inclined at55 degrees. These vehicles are placed in 6 orbit planes withfour operational satellites in each plane.
The first eleven spacecraft (GPS Block 1) were used todemonstrate the feasibility of the GPS system. They were 3-axis stabilized, nadir pointing using reaction wheels. Dual solararrays supplied over 400 W. They had S-band (SGLS)communications for control and telemetry and UHF cross-linkbetween spacecraft. They were manufactured by RockwellSpace Systems, were 5.3 m across with solar panelsdeployed, and had a design life expectancy of 5 years. Unlikethe later operational satellites, GPS Block 1 spacecraft wereinclined at 63 degrees.
Navstar 3
NSSDC ID: 1978-093A
Alternate Names
GPS 1-3
11054
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-10-06Launch Vehicle: AtlasFLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 450.0 kgNominalPower: 400.0 W
Funding Agency
Department of Defense-Department of the AirForce (United States)
Discipline
Navigation & GlobalPositioning
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Navstar 3
Experiments on Navstar 3
Data collections fromNavstar 3
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-112A[20/09/2010 23:06:42]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
Global Positioning System (GPS) was developed by the USDepartment of Defense to provide all-weather round-the-clocknavigation capabilities for military ground, sea, and air forces.Since its implementation, GPS has also become an integralasset in numerous civilian applications and industries aroundthe globe, including recreational used (e.g., boating, aircraft,hiking), corporate vehicle fleet tracking, and surveying. GPSemploys 24 spacecraft in 20,200 km circular orbits inclined at55 degrees. These vehicles are placed in 6 orbit planes withfour operational satellites in each plane.
The first eleven spacecraft (GPS Block 1) were used todemonstrate the feasibility of the GPS system. They were 3-axis stabilized, nadir pointing using reaction wheels. Dual solararrays supplied over 400 W. They had S-band (SGLS)communications for control and telemetry and UHF cross-linkbetween spacecraft. They were manufactured by RockwellSpace Systems, were 5.3 m across with solar panelsdeployed, and had a design life expectancy of 5 years. Unlikethe later operational satellites, GPS Block 1 spacecraft wereinclined at 63 degrees.
Navstar 4
NSSDC ID: 1978-112A
Alternate Names
GPS 1-4
11141
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-12-10Launch Vehicle: AtlasFLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 450.0 kgNominalPower: 400.0 W
Funding Agency
Department of Defense-Department of the AirForce (United States)
Discipline
Navigation & GlobalPositioning
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Navstar 4
Experiments on Navstar 4
Data collections fromNavstar 4
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-098A[20/09/2010 23:07:16]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
The Nimbus 7 research-and-development satellite served as astabilized, earth-oriented platform for the testing of advancedsystems for sensing and collecting data in the pollution,oceanographic and meteorological disciplines. The polar-orbiting spacecraft consisted of three major structures: (1) ahollow torus-shaped sensor mount, (2) solar paddles, and (3) acontrol housing unit that was connected to the sensor mountby a tripod truss structure. Configured somewhat like an oceanbuoy, Nimbus 7 was nearly 3.04 m tall, 1.52 m in diameter atthe base, and about 3.96 m wide with solar paddles extended.The sensor mount that formed the satellite base housed theelectronics equipment and battery modules. The lower surfaceof the torus provided mounting space for sensors andantennas. A box-beam structure mounted within the center ofthe torus provided support for the larger sensor experiments.Mounted on the control housing unit, which was located on topof the spacecraft, were sun sensors, horizon scanners, and acommand antenna. The spacecraft spin axis was pointed atthe earth. An advanced attitude-control system permitted thespacecraft's orientation to be controlled to within plus or minus1 deg in all three axes (pitch, roll, and yaw). Eight experimentswere selected: (1) limb infrared monitoring of the stratosphere(LIMS), (2) stratospheric and mesopheric sounder (SAMS), (3)coastal-zone color scanner (CZCS), (4) stratospheric aerosolmeasurement II (SAM II), (5) earth radiation budget (ERB), (6)scanning multichannel microwave radiometer (SMMR), (7)solar backscatter UV and total ozone mapping spectrometer(SBUV/TOMS), and (8) temperature-humidity infraredradiometer (THIR). These sensors were capable of observingseveral parameters at and below the mesospheric levels. Moredetails can be found in "The Nimbus 7 Users' Guide" (TRFB30045) and "Nimbus-7 Data Product Summary" (NASA RP-1215), available from NSSDC.
Nimbus 7
NSSDC ID: 1978-098A
Alternate Names
Nimbus-G
11080
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-10-24Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 832.0 kgNominalPower: 300.0 W
Funding Agency
NASA-Office of SpaceScience Applications(United States)
Disciplines
Earth Science
Solar Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Nimbus 7
PDMP information forNimbus 7
Telecommunicationsinformation for Nimbus 7
Experiments on Nimbus 7
Data collections fromNimbus 7
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Coordinated
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-098A[20/09/2010 23:07:16]
Request and User SupportOffice.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Mr. Charles M.MacKenzie
ProjectManager
NASA Goddard SpaceFlight Center
Dr. Albert J. Fleig,Jr.
ProjectScientist
NASA Goddard SpaceFlight Center
Dr. George F.Esenwein, Jr.
ProgramManager
NASA Headquarters
Mr. Paul Shapiro GeneralContact
NASA Goddard SpaceFlight Center
Selected References
Nordberg, W., NASA plans for future earth resources missions, NASA-GSFC, X-900-75-295,Greenbelt, MD, Oct. 1975.
Hogan, G. D., System design consideration for the Nimbus G observatory mission, In -- SystemsDesign Driven by Sensors, Pasadena, CA, Oct. 18-20, 1976, AIAA, Paper 76-960, New York,NY, Oct. 1976.
Madrid, C. R., ed., Nimbus 7 user's guide, NASA-GSFC, Unnumbered, Greenbelt, MD, Aug.1978.
Streaker, M. D., Nimbus-G sensor systems, NASA-GSFC, X-430-74-72, Greenbelt, MD, Jan.1978
Kyle, H. L., ed., Nimbus 7 earth radiation budget (ERB) experiment team collected journalarticles, NASA, TM-86138, Greenbelt, MD, 1984.
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-026B[20/09/2010 23:07:36]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
Oscar 8 was launched by NASA with the Landsat 3 spacecraft.It was an AMSAT Oscar amateur radio communications relaysatellite.
OSCAR 8
NSSDC ID: 1978-026B
Alternate Names
10703
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-03-05Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 27.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (United States)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for OSCAR 8
Experiments on OSCAR 8
Data collections fromOSCAR 8
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-044A[20/09/2010 23:07:57]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
OTS 2 (Orbital Test Satellite 2) was an experimental satelliteinherited by ESA in 1975 from its predecessor, the EuropeanSpace Research Organization (ESRO). The first of the pair ofOTS satellites was lost at launch in September 1977. OTS 2became one the the first GEO communications satellites tocarry six Ku-band (14/11 GHz) transponders and was capableof handling 7,200 telephone circuits. With a mass ofapproximately 445 kg on station, the OTS 2 bus washexagonal with overall dimensions of 2.4 m by 2.1 m. Twosolar panels with a span of 9.3 m provided 0.6 kW of electricalpower. British Aerospace was the prime contractor from theEuropean MESH consortium which developed the OTS vehicle.It completed its primary mission in 1984 after which thespacecraft was involved in a 6-year program of experiments,including the testing of a new attitude control technique takingadvantage of solar wind forces. In January 1991, OTS 2 wasmoved out of the geostationary ring and into a graveyard orbit.
OTS 2
NSSDC ID: 1978-044A
Alternate Names
10855
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-05-11Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 865.0 kg
Funding Agencies
Unknown (United States)
European Space Agency(International)
Disciplines
Communications
Engineering
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for OTS 2
Experiments on OTS 2
Data collections from OTS2
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-078D[20/09/2010 23:08:25]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
This spacecraft was the Large Probe portion of the PioneerVenus Multiprobe mission. On this mission four instrumentedatmospheric entry probes were carried by a spacecraft bus tothe vicinity of Venus and released for descent through theatmosphere to the planetary surface. Two Small Probesentered on the nightside and a Small Probe and this LargeProbe entered on the dayside of the planet. The spacecraftBus entered the atmosphere and obtained atmosphericcomposition data until burnup. Investigations emphasized thestudy of the structure and composition of the atmosphere downto the surface, the nature and composition of the clouds, theradiation field and energy exchange in the lower atmosphere,and local information on the atmospheric circulation pattern. Asister mission, Pioneer Venus Orbiter, placed an orbitingspacecraft around Venus 5 days before the Probes entered theatmosphere. Simultaneous measurements by the Probes andOrbiter permitted relating specific local measurements to thegeneral state of the planet and its environment as observedfrom orbit. The total cost of building and operating the probeswas $83 million.
Pioneer Venus Large Probe
NSSDC ID: 1978-078D
Alternate Names
Pioneer Venus ProbeLarge
Pioneer Venus 1978
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-08-08Launch Vehicle: Atlas-CentaurLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 300.0 kg
Funding Agency
NASA-Office of SpaceScience Applications(United States)
Discipline
Planetary Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for PioneerVenus Large Probe
Telecommunicationsinformation for PioneerVenus Large Probe
Experiments on PioneerVenus Large Probe
Data collections fromPioneer Venus LargeProbe
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. David R.Williams.
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Pioneer Venus LargeProbe
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-078D[20/09/2010 23:08:25]
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Dr. Lawrence Colin Project Scientist NASA Ames Research Center
Mr. Fred D. Kochendorfer Program Manager NASA Headquarters
Mr. Charles F. Hall Project Manager NASA Ames Research Center
Dr. Milton A. Mitz Program Scientist NASA Headquarters
Selected References
Donahue, T. M., Pioneer Venus results: An overview, Science, 205, No. 4401, 41-44, July 1979.
Colin, L., The Pioneer Venus program, J. Geophys. Res., 85, No. A13, 7575-7598, Dec. 1980.
Colin, L., Ed., and D. M., Ed. Hunten, Pioneer Venus experiment descriptions, Space Sci. Rev.,20, No. 4, 451-525, June 1977.
Other Pioneer Venus Information/Data at NSSDC
Pioneer Venus OrbiterPioneer Venus Probe BusPioneer Venus Large ProbePioneer Venus North ProbePioneer Venus Night ProbePioneer Venus Day Probe
Read about and/or order the PVO CD-ROM set
COHOWeb - Browse and retrieve Pioneer Venus magnetic field dataNSSDC anonymous FTP site
Related Information/Data at NSSDC
Venus PageVenus images in the NSSDC Photo GalleryMagellan ProjectPioneer Venus heliospheric position
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-051A[20/09/2010 23:08:54]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
The Pioneer Venus Orbiter was the first of a two-spacecraftorbiter-probe combination designed to conduct acomprehensive investigation of the atmosphere of Venus. Thespacecraft was a solar-powered cylinder about 250 cm indiameter with its spin axis spin-stabilized perpendicular to theecliptic plane. A high-gain antenna was mechanically despunto remain focused on the earth. The instruments were mountedon a shelf within the spacecraft except for a magnetometermounted at the end of a boom to ensure against magneticinterference from the spacecraft. Pioneer Venus Orbitermeasured the detailed structure of the upper atmosphere andionosphere of Venus, investigated the interaction of the solarwind with the ionosphere and the magnetic field in the vicinityof Venus, determined the characteristics of the atmosphereand surface of Venus on a planetary scale, determined theplanet's gravitational field harmonics from perturbations of thespacecraft orbit, and detected gamma-ray bursts. UVobservations of comets have also been made. From Venusorbit insertion on December 4, 1978 to July 1980 periapsiswas held between 142 and 253 km to facilitate radar andionospheric measurements. Thereafter, the periapsis wasallowed to rise (to 2290 km at maximum) and then fall, toconserve fuel. In 1991 the Radar Mapper was reactivated toinvestigate previously inaccessible southern portions of theplanet. In May 1992 Pioneer Venus began the final phase of itsmission, in which the periapsis was held between 150 and 250km until the fuel ran out and atmospheric entry destroyed thespacecraft the following August. The orbiter cost $125 millionto build and operate for the first 10 years. For further detailssee Colin, L. and Hunten, D. M., Space Science Reviews 20,451, 1977.
Pioneer Venus Orbiter
NSSDC ID: 1978-051A
Alternate Names
Pioneer Venus 1
PVO
Pioneer 12
Pioneer Venus 1978Orbiter
10911
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-05-20Launch Vehicle: Atlas-CentaurLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 517.0 kgNominalPower: 312.0 W
Funding Agency
NASA-Office of SpaceScience Applications(United States)
Disciplines
Planetary Science
Solar Physics
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for PioneerVenus Orbiter
PDMP information forPioneer Venus Orbiter
Telecommunicationsinformation for PioneerVenus Orbiter
Experiments on Pioneer
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
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Pioneer Venus Orbiter
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-051A[20/09/2010 23:08:54]
Venus Orbiter
Data collections fromPioneer Venus Orbiter
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. David R.Williams.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Ms. Ann C. Merwarth Program Manager NASA Headquarters
Dr. Lawrence Colin Project Scientist NASA Ames Research Center
Mr. Richard O. Fimmel Project Manager NASA Ames Research Center
Mr. Henry C. Brinton Program Scientist NASA Headquarters
Mr. John W. Dyer General Contact NASA Ames Research Center
Mr. Robert W. Jackson General Contact NASA Ames Research Center
Selected References
Colin, L., Pioneer Venus overview, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Rem. Sens., GE-18, No. 1, 3-4, Jan.1980.
Nothwang, G. J., Pioneer Venus spacecraft design and operation, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Rem.Sens., GE-18, No. 1, 5-10, Jan. 1980.
Colin, L., Encounter with Venus, Science, 203, No. 4382, 743-745, Feb. 1979.
Colin, L., The Pioneer Venus program, J. Geophys. Res., 85, No. A13, 7575-7598, Dec. 1980.
Other Pioneer Venus Information/Data at NSSDC
Pioneer Venus OrbiterPioneer Venus Probe BusPioneer Venus Large ProbePioneer Venus North ProbePioneer Venus Night ProbePioneer Venus Day Probe
Read about and/or order the PVO CD-ROM set
COHOWeb - Browse and retrieve Pioneer Venus magnetic field dataNSSDC anonymous FTP site
Related Information/Data at NSSDC
Venus PageVenus images in the NSSDC Photo GalleryMagellan ProjectPioneer Venus heliospheric position
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
Pioneer-Venus 1 Pioneer Venus 1. Otros nombres: 1978-051A, PVO, Pioneer 12, Pioneer Venus 1978 Orbiter, 10911, Pioneer Venus Orbiter. Lanzamiento: 20 de mayo de 1.978 a las 13:13 UT. Cohete: Atlas-Centaur 50. Peso en órbita: 582 kgs. Potencia eléctrica: 312 W.
La Pioneer Venus 1 fue la primera de una misión compuesta por dos naves diseñadas para realizar una investigación en gran profundidad de la atmósfera de Venus. La nave midió con detalle la estructura de la atmósfera superior y de la ionosfera de Venus, su interacción con el viento solar, el campo magnético y las características generales de la atmósfera y la superficie. Además detectó explosiones de rayos gamma y realizó observaciones en ultravioleta de varios cometas. La sonda fue insertada en una órbita elíptica alrededor de Venus el 4 de diciembre de 1.978. Este orbitador era un cilindro plano de 2,5 metros de diámetro y 1,2 metros de altura estabilizado por giro. Todos los instrumentos y subsistemas de la nave fueron acoplados en la parte inferior de este cilindro excepto el magnetómetro, el cual se encontraba al final de un mástil extensible de 4,7 metros. Los paneles solares estaban fijados alrededor de toda la circunferencia del cilindro. Las comunicaciones con Tierra se conseguían con una antena de 1,1 metros de diámetro.
En total la sonda portaba 17 experimentos con una masa total de 45 kgs: - Fotopolarímetro para medir la distribución vertical de las nubes. - Radar superficial para determinar la topografía y las características de la superficie. - Radiómetro infrarrojo para medir las emisiones IR de la atmósfera. - Espectrómetro ultravioleta para medir la luz reflejada y emitida en estas frecuencias. - Espectrómetro neutral de masas para determinar la composición de la atmósfera superior. - Analizador de plasma del viento solar para medir las características de este viento. - Magnetómetro para medir el campo magnético de Venus. - Detector de campos eléctricos para estudiar el viento solar y sus interacciones. - Sonda de temperatura de electrones para estudiar las propiedades térmicas de la ionosfera. - Analizador de partículas cargadas para estudiar las partículas de la ionosfera.
- Espectrómetro de masa de iones para medir la población de iones de la ionosfera. - Dos experimentos de ciencias de radio para determinar el campo de gravedad del planeta. - Experimento de ocultación de radio para estudiar la atmósfera. - Experimento de carga atmosférica para estudiar la atmósfera superior. - Experimento de turbulencias en el viento solar y ciencia atmosférica de radio. - Detector de rayos gamma Hasta julio de 1.980 la órbita se mantuvo en su momento de mayor aproximación al planeta entre los 142 y los 253 kilómetros de distancia para facilitar las medidas de la ionosfera y el radar. La órbita llegaba hasta los 66.900 kms. con un periodo de 24 horas. El periapsis fue subido hasta los 2.290 kms. más tarde. En 1.991 el radar fue reactivado para investigar zonas que previamente habían permanecido inaccesibles en las regiones del sur del planeta. En mayo de 1.992 la Pioneer Venus comenzó su fase final con un periapsis de entre 150 a 250 kms. hasta que se agotó el combustible y se destruyó con una entrada en la atmósfera en el mes de agosto.
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-078A[20/09/2010 23:09:25]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
The spacecraft was the Bus portion of the Pioneer VenusMultiprobe mission. On this mission four instrumentedatmospheric entry Probes were carried by this Bus to thevicinity of Venus and released for descent through theatmosphere to the planetary surface. The trip to Venus took123 days. The Large Probe separated from the Bus on 16November and the Small Probes on 20 November. Two SmallProbes entered on the nightside, and one Small Probe and theLarge Probe entered on the dayside of the planet. Thespacecraft was spin-stabilized. The Large Probe took 1-1/2 hto descend through the atmosphere, while the three smallerprobes reached the surface of the planet 75 min after entry.The Bus portion of the spacecraft was targeted to enter theVenusian atmosphere at a shallow entry angle and transmitdata to Earth until the Bus was destroyed by the heat ofatmospheric friction during its descent. Investigatorsemphasized the study of the structure and composition of theatmosphere down to the surface, the nature and compositionof the clouds, the radiation field and energy exchange in thelower atmosphere, and local information on the atmosphericcirculation pattern. A sister mission, Pioneer Venus Orbiter,placed an orbiting spacecraft around Venus 5 days before theProbes entered the atmosphere. Simultaneous measurementsby the probes and orbiter permitted relating specific localmeasurements to the general state of the planet and itsenvironment as observed from orbit. The Probes stoppedtransmitting temperature data about 15 km above the surfaceof Venus, but two Probes survived on the surface andtransmitted other data for a matter of seconds to minutes. TheBus ceased transmitting data at an altitude of about 165 km.The total cost of building and operating the probes was $83million.
Pioneer Venus Probe Bus
NSSDC ID: 1978-078A
Alternate Names
Pioneer 13
Pioneer Venus 1978
Pioneer Venus 2
11001
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-08-08Launch Vehicle: Atlas-CentaurLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 380.0 kg
Funding Agency
NASA-Office of SpaceScience Applications(United States)
Discipline
Planetary Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for PioneerVenus Probe Bus
Telecommunicationsinformation for PioneerVenus Probe Bus
Experiments on PioneerVenus Probe Bus
Data collections fromPioneer Venus Probe Bus
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. David R.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
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Pioneer Venus Probe Bus
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-078A[20/09/2010 23:09:25]
Williams.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Dr. LawrenceColin
ProjectScientist
NASA Ames ResearchCenter
Dr. Robert E.Murphy
ProgramScientist
NASA Headquarters [email protected]
Mr. Fred D.Kochendorfer
ProgramManager
NASA Headquarters
Mr. Charles F.Hall
ProjectManager
NASA Ames ResearchCenter
Selected References
Donahue, T. M., Pioneer Venus results: An overview, Science, 205, No. 4401, 41-44, July 1979.
Colin, L., The Pioneer Venus program, J. Geophys. Res., 85, No. A13, 7575-7598, Dec. 1980.
Colin, L., Ed., and D. M., Ed. Hunten, Pioneer Venus experiment descriptions, Space Sci. Rev.,20, No. 4, 451-525, June 1977.
Other Pioneer Venus Information/Data at NSSDC
Pioneer Venus OrbiterPioneer Venus Probe BusPioneer Venus Large ProbePioneer Venus North ProbePioneer Venus Night ProbePioneer Venus Day Probe
Read about and/or order the PVO CD-ROM set
COHOWeb - Browse and retrieve Pioneer Venus magnetic field dataNSSDC anonymous FTP site
Related Information/Data at NSSDC
Venus PageVenus images in the NSSDC Photo GalleryMagellan ProjectPioneer Venus heliospheric position
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
Pioneer Venus 2. Otros nombres: 1978-078A, Pioneer 13, Pioneer Venus 1978, 11001, Pioneer Venus Probe Bus Lanzamiento: 8 de agosto de 1.978 a las 07:33 UT. Cohete: Atlas-Centaur 51. Peso en órbita del conjunto: 904 kgs. Peso del bus: 290 kgs. Potencia: 241 W. Nombre de las subsondas: Pioneer Venus Large Probe. Otros nombres: 1978-078D, Pioneer Venus Probe Large. Peso seco en órbita: 300 kgs. Pioneer Venus Small Probe (North). Otros nombres: 1978-078E, Pioneer Venus Probe North. Peso: 75 kgs.
Pioneer Venus Small Probe (Night). Otros nombres: 1978-078F, Pioneer Venus Night Probe. Peso: 75 kgs. Pioneer Venus Small Probe (Day). Otros nombres: 1978-078G, Pioneer Venus Day Probe. Peso: 75 kgs. La misión Pioneer Venus Multiprobe consistió en un bus (estructura) que portaba cuatro sondas, una de ellas mucho mayor que las otras tres. La misión fue lanzada por un cohete Atlas Centaur el 8 de agosto de 1.978. Después de 123 días de viaje, la mayor de las sondas fue liberada el 16 de noviembre y las tres pequeñas sondas restantes el día 20 del mismo mes. Todas las sondas penetraron en diferentes zonas del planeta el 9 de diciembre y fueron seguidas por el propio bus. La mayor de las sondas fue equipada con 7 experimentos científicos, que fueron introducidos en un recipiente herméticamente sellado. El diámetro de esta sonda era de 1,5 metros, aunque el contenedor medía 74 cms. Este recipiente iba cubierto con una cubierta protectora en forma de cono.
La cápsula penetró a una velocidad inicial de 11,5 kms/seg. pero después de la desaceleración inicial debida al rozamiento con la atmósfera se desplegó un paracaídas a 47 kilómetros de altura, tardando una hora y media en llegar hasta la superficie. La entrada se produjo en el ecuador del planeta en la cara que estaba en la oscuridad en ese momento. Los experimentos que portaba eran: - Espectrómetro de masas neutral para medir la composición de la atmósfera. - Cromatógrafo de gases para medir la composición de la atmósfera. - Radiómetro de penetración flujo solar en la atmósfera. - Radiómetro infrarrojo para medir la distribución de la radiación infrarroja. - Espectrómetro de tamaño de partículas para medir su tamaño y forma. - Nefelómetro para buscar nubes de partículas. - Sensores de temperatura, presión y aceleración. Las otras tres pequeñas sondas eran idénticas con un diámetro de 80 cms. También consistían en una cápsula esférica y hermética rodeada por un escudo protector pero no tenían paracaídas y los escudos no se llegaban a separar de la cápsula. Cada una de ellas llevaba un Nefelómetro y sensores de temperatura, presión y aceleración, así como experimentos para identificar fuentes de energía radiactiva en la atmósfera. Tardaron 75 minutos en llegar al suelo. Las señales de todas ellas fueron usadas para caracterizar los vientos, turbulencias y su propagación en la atmósfera. Cada una de ellas fue llevada a diferentes partes del planeta y se nombraron de acuerdo a este hecho. La sonda Norte entró en la atmósfera a unos 60º Norte en la cara diurna. La sonda Noche entró en la cara nocturna. La sonda Día entró en la cara iluminada y fue la única de ellas que continuó enviando señales de radio tras el impacto con la superficie durante una hora. Las demás dejaron de transmitir cuando llegaron a unos 15 kilómetros de la superficie. El Pioneer Venus Bus además llevaba dos experimentos, un espectrómetro de masa neutral y un espectrómetro de masas de iones para estudiar la composición de la atmósfera. Sin escudo protector ni paracaídas, el bus tan sólo sobrevivió hasta llegar a los 110 kilómetros de altitud antes de desintegrarse. Su diámetro era de 2,5 metros con un peso de 290 kgs. Nos porporcionó las únicas medidas de la atmósfera superior del planeta ya que las sondas de descenso no comenzaron a medir hasta que obtuvieron una mayor desaceleración al llegar a una altura menor.
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-078G[20/09/2010 23:09:53]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
This spacecraft was the third Small Probe of the PioneerVenus Multiprobe mission. On this mission four instrumentedatmospheric entry Probes were carried by a spacecraft Bus tothe vicinity of Venus for descent through the atmosphere to theplanetary surface. Two Small Probes entered on the nightside,and one Small Probe and one Large Probe entered on thedayside of the planet. The spacecraft Bus entered theatmosphere and obtained atmospheric composition data untilburnup. Investigations emphasize the study of the structuralcomposition and nature of the atmosphere down to thesurface, and of the clouds, the radiation field and energyexchange in the lower atmosphere; and local information onthe atmospheric circulation pattern. A sister mission, PioneerVenus Orbiter, placed an orbiting spacecraft around Venus 5days before the Probes entered the atmosphere. Simultaneousmeasurements by the Probes and the Orbiter permittedrelating specific local measurements to the general state of theplanet and its environment as observed from orbit. The totalcost of building and operating the probes was $83 million.
Pioneer Venus Small Probe (Day)
NSSDC ID: 1978-078G
Alternate Names
Pioneer Venus 1978
Pioneer Venus DayProbe
Pioneer Venus ProbeDay
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-08-08Launch Vehicle: Atlas-CentaurLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 75.0 kg
Funding Agency
NASA-Office of SpaceScience Applications(United States)
Discipline
Planetary Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for PioneerVenus Small Probe (Day)
Telecommunicationsinformation for PioneerVenus Small Probe (Day)
Experiments on PioneerVenus Small Probe (Day)
Data collections fromPioneer Venus SmallProbe (Day)
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft can
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
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Pioneer Venus SmallProbe (Day)
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-078G[20/09/2010 23:09:53]
be directed to: Dr. David R.Williams.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Dr. Lawrence Colin Project Scientist NASA Ames Research Center
Mr. Fred D. Kochendorfer Program Manager NASA Headquarters
Mr. Charles F. Hall Project Manager NASA Ames Research Center
Dr. Milton A. Mitz Program Scientist NASA Headquarters
Selected References
Donahue, T. M., Pioneer Venus results: An overview, Science, 205, No. 4401, 41-44, July 1979.
Colin, L., The Pioneer Venus program, J. Geophys. Res., 85, No. A13, 7575-7598, Dec. 1980.
Colin, L., Ed., and D. M., Ed. Hunten, Pioneer Venus experiment descriptions, Space Sci. Rev.,20, No. 4, 451-525, June 1977.
Other Pioneer Venus Information/Data at NSSDC
Pioneer Venus OrbiterPioneer Venus Probe BusPioneer Venus Large ProbePioneer Venus North ProbePioneer Venus Night ProbePioneer Venus Day Probe
Read about and/or order the PVO CD-ROM set
COHOWeb - Browse and retrieve Pioneer Venus magnetic field dataNSSDC anonymous FTP site
Related Information/Data at NSSDC
Venus PageVenus images in the NSSDC Photo GalleryMagellan ProjectPioneer Venus heliospheric position
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-078F[20/09/2010 23:10:40]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
This spacecraft was the second Small Probe of the PioneerVenus Multiprobe mission. On this mission four instrumentedatmospheric entry probes were carried by a spacecraft Bus tothe vicinity of Venus for descent through the atmosphere to theplanetary surface. Two Small Probes entered on the nightside,and one Small Probe and one Large Probe entered on thedayside of the planet. The spacecraft Bus entered theatmosphere and obtained atmospheric composition data untilburnup. Investigations emphasized the study of the structurecomposition and nature of the atmosphere down to thesurface, and of the clouds, the radiation field and energyexchange in the lower atmosphere, and local information onthe atmospheric circulation pattern. A sister mission, PioneerVenus Orbiter, placed an orbiting spacecraft around Venus 5days before the Probes entered the atmosphere. Simultaneousmeasurements by the Probes and Orbiter permitted relatingspecific local measurements to the general state of the planetand its environment as observed from orbit. The total cost ofbuilding and operating the probes was $83 million.
Pioneer Venus Small Probe (Night)
NSSDC ID: 1978-078F
Alternate Names
Pioneer Venus ProbeNight
Pioneer Venus 1978
Pioneer Venus NightProbe
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-08-08Launch Vehicle: Atlas-CentaurLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 75.0 kg
Funding Agency
NASA-Office of SpaceScience Applications(United States)
Discipline
Planetary Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for PioneerVenus Small Probe(Night)
Telecommunicationsinformation for PioneerVenus Small Probe(Night)
Experiments on PioneerVenus Small Probe (Night)
Data collections fromPioneer Venus SmallProbe (Night)
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
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Pioneer Venus SmallProbe (Night)
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-078F[20/09/2010 23:10:40]
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. David R.Williams.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Dr. Lawrence Colin Project Scientist NASA Ames Research Center
Mr. Fred D. Kochendorfer Program Manager NASA Headquarters
Mr. Charles F. Hall Project Manager NASA Ames Research Center
Dr. Milton A. Mitz Program Scientist NASA Headquarters
Selected References
Donahue, T. M., Pioneer Venus results: An overview, Science, 205, No. 4401, 41-44, July 1979.
Colin, L., The Pioneer Venus program, J. Geophys. Res., 85, No. A13, 7575-7598, Dec. 1980.
Colin, L., Ed., and D. M., Ed. Hunten, Pioneer Venus experiment descriptions, Space Sci. Rev.,20, No. 4, 451-525, June 1977.
Other Pioneer Venus Information/Data at NSSDC
Pioneer Venus OrbiterPioneer Venus Probe BusPioneer Venus Large ProbePioneer Venus North ProbePioneer Venus Night ProbePioneer Venus Day Probe
Read about and/or order the PVO CD-ROM set
COHOWeb - Browse and retrieve Pioneer Venus magnetic field dataNSSDC anonymous FTP site
Related Information/Data at NSSDC
Venus PageVenus images in the NSSDC Photo GalleryMagellan ProjectPioneer Venus heliospheric position
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-078E[20/09/2010 23:11:39]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
This spacecraft was the first Small Probe of the Pioneer VenusMultiprobe mission. On this mission four instrumentedatmospheric entry probes were carried by a spacecraft Bus tothe vicinity of Venus for descent through the atmosphere to theplanetary surface. Two Small Probes entered on the nightside,and one Small Probe and one Large Probe entered on thedayside of the planet. The spacecraft Bus entered theatmosphere and obtained atmospheric composition data untilburnup. Investigations emphasized the study of the structurecomposition and nature of the atmosphere down to thesurface, and of the clouds, the radiation field and energyexchange in the lower atmosphere, and local information onthe atmospheric circulation pattern. A sister mission, PioneerVenus Orbiter, placed an orbiting spacecraft around Venus 5days before the Probes entered the atmosphere. Simultaneousmeasurements by the Probes and Orbiter permitted relatingspecific local measurements to the general state of the planetand its environment as observed from orbit. The total cost ofbuilding and operating the probes was $83 million.
Pioneer Venus Small Probe (North)
NSSDC ID: 1978-078E
Alternate Names
Pioneer Venus 1978
Pioneer Venus ProbeNorth
Pioneer Venus NorthProbe
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-08-08Launch Vehicle: Atlas-CentaurLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 75.0 kg
Funding Agency
NASA-Office of SpaceScience Applications(United States)
Discipline
Planetary Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for PioneerVenus Small Probe(North)
Telecommunicationsinformation for PioneerVenus Small Probe(North)
Experiments on PioneerVenus Small Probe (North)
Data collections fromPioneer Venus SmallProbe (North)
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
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Pioneer Venus SmallProbe (North)
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-078E[20/09/2010 23:11:39]
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. David R.Williams.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Dr. Lawrence Colin Project Scientist NASA Ames Research Center
Mr. Fred D. Kochendorfer Program Manager NASA Headquarters
Mr. Charles F. Hall Project Manager NASA Ames Research Center
Dr. Milton A. Mitz Program Scientist NASA Headquarters
Selected References
Donahue, T. M., Pioneer Venus results: An overview, Science, 205, No. 4401, 41-44, July 1979.
Colin, L., The Pioneer Venus program, J. Geophys. Res., 85, No. A13, 7575-7598, Dec. 1980.
Colin, L., Ed., and D. M., Ed. Hunten, Pioneer Venus experiment descriptions, Space Sci. Rev.,20, No. 4, 451-525, June 1977.
Other Pioneer Venus Information/Data at NSSDC
Pioneer Venus OrbiterPioneer Venus Probe BusPioneer Venus Large ProbePioneer Venus North ProbePioneer Venus Night ProbePioneer Venus Day Probe
Read about and/or order the PVO CD-ROM set
COHOWeb - Browse and retrieve Pioneer Venus magnetic field dataNSSDC anonymous FTP site
Related Information/Data at NSSDC
Venus PageVenus images in the NSSDC Photo GalleryMagellan ProjectPioneer Venus heliospheric position
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-011A[20/09/2010 23:12:25]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
PRC 8 was a Chinese military photo surveillance satellite thatreturned a film capsule. This FSW (Fanhui Shi Weixing -Recoverable Satellite) satellite was launched from the ShuangCheng Tzu launch site aboard a CZ-2C rocket and returned itsfilm capsule on January 30, 1978.
PRC 8
NSSDC ID: 1978-011A
Alternate Names
China 8
FSW-0 3
Mao 8
10611
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-01-26Launch Vehicle: LongMarch 2CLaunch Site: ShuangCheng-Tzu, PeoplesRepublic of ChinaMass: 2500.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (PeoplesRepublic of China)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for PRC 8
Experiments on PRC 8
Data collections from PRC8
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
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New/Updated Data
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed Grayzeck
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-101A[20/09/2010 23:13:15]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
This spacecraft was a member of a continuing seriesmeasuring charged particles, plasma, magnetic fields, andsolar electromagnetic radiation. This mission was part of thesocialist countries' contribution to the InternationalMagnetospheric Study. The specific scientific goals of thismission were: (1) to study solar UV, X-ray, and gamma-rayemissions; (2) to monitor electrons and protons ininterplanetary space and the magnetosphere; (3) to investigatethe nuclear composition of solar and galactic cosmic rays; (4)to measure magnetic fields; (5) to search for discrete gamma-ray lines from the sun and space; (6) to analyze UV radiationfor possible excess in the galactic plane; and (7) to analyzeheavy high-energy ions in the magnetosphere. The spacecraftwas spin-stabilized, with the spin axis along the spacecraft Zaxis and pointed toward the sun (to within 10 deg). The spinperiod was approximately 120 s. The spacecraft orbitinclination was approximately 80 deg, the apogee was 203,000km, and the period was approximately 98 h.
Prognoz 7
NSSDC ID: 1978-101A
Alternate Names
11088
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-10-30LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration Upper Stage +Escape StageLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 915.0 kg
Funding Agencies
Soviet Academy ofSciences (U.S.S.R)
Institut KosmicheskichIssledovaniy(Inst. ofCosmophysicalResearch) (U.S.S.R)
Disciplines
Astronomy
Solar Physics
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Prognoz 7
Experiments on Prognoz 7
Data collections fromPrognoz 7
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. H. Kent
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-101A[20/09/2010 23:13:15]
Hills.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Dr. Albert A.Galeev
ProjectScientist
Institut Kosmicheskich Issledovaniya(Institute of Space Research)
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-008A[20/09/2010 23:13:55]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
Progress 1 was an unmanned Soviet supply vessel launchedfrom the Baikonur cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz rocket. Itdelivered fuel, consumable materials and equipment to theSalyut 6 space station. It deorbited on February 8, 1978.
Progress 1
NSSDC ID: 1978-008A
Alternate Names
10603
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-01-20LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 7020.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Disciplines
Engineering
Resupply/Refurbishment/Repair
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Progress 1
Experiments on Progress 1
Data collections fromProgress 1
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
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New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-070A[20/09/2010 23:14:18]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
Unmanned automatic cargo spacecraft Progress 2 waslaunched by the USSR with fuel and other consumablematerials and equipment for the Soviet space station Salyut 6.It deorbited on August 4, 1978 at 1:32 GMT.
Progress 2
NSSDC ID: 1978-070A
Alternate Names
10979
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-07-07LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 7020.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Resupply/Refurbishment/Repair
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Progress 2
Experiments on Progress 2
Data collections fromProgress 2
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
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Personnel
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New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-077A[20/09/2010 23:14:41]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
Automatic cargo spacecraft Progress 3 was launched by theUSSR with fuel and other materials aboard. It docked with theSalyut 6 space station and deorbited on August 6, 1978 at17:30 GMT.
Progress 3
NSSDC ID: 1978-077A
Alternate Names
10999
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-08-08LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 7000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Resupply/Refurbishment/Repair
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Progress 3
Experiments on Progress 3
Data collections fromProgress 3
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
Publications
Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-090A[20/09/2010 23:15:19]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
Automatic cargo spacecraft Progress 4 was launched by theUSSR and carried fuel, consumable materials and equipmentto the Salyut 6 space station. It deorbited on October 26, 1978at 16:28 GMT.
Progress 4
NSSDC ID: 1978-090A
Alternate Names
11040
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-10-04LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 7020.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Resupply/Refurbishment/Repair
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Progress 4
Experiments on Progress 4
Data collections fromProgress 4
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
Publications
Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-100B[20/09/2010 23:16:09]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
Radio Sputnik 1 was launched by the USSR on the samerocket with Cosmos 1045 and Radio Sputnik 2. It carriedinstruments for amateur radio communication. The spacecraft's1700 km altitude circular orbit subjected the satellite to a greatdeal of radiation by flying through the lower levels of the VanAllen belts, which surround the earth at an altitude between1600 and 8000 km and are comprised of high-energy sub-atomic particles that can damage sensitive electronic devicescarried on satellites at this orbital altitude. Because of theradiation exposure, this satellite experienced unexpectedtransponder switching and hardware damage which made itless than reliable.
Radio 1
NSSDC ID: 1978-100B
Alternate Names
Radio Sputnik 1
RS-1
10085
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-10-26LaunchVehicle: Tsiklon-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Radio 1
Experiments on Radio 1
Data collections fromRadio 1
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
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Data Collections
Personnel
Publications
Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-100C[20/09/2010 23:17:15]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
Radio Sputnik 2 was launched by the USSR on the samerocket with Cosmos 1045 and Radio Sputnik 1. It carriedinstruments for amateur radio communications. Thisspacecraft's 1700 km altitude circular orbit subjected it to agreat deal of radiation by flying through the lower levels of theVan Allen belts, which surround the earth as an altitudebetween 1600 and 8000 km and are comprised of high-energysub-atomic particles that can damage sensitive electronicdevices carried on satellites at this orbital altitude. Because ofthe radiation exposure, this satellite experienced unexpectedtransponder switching and hardware damage which made thesatellite less than reliable.
Radio 2
NSSDC ID: 1978-100C
Alternate Names
RS-2
Radio Sputnik 2
11086
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-10-26LaunchVehicle: Tsiklon-3Launch Site: Plesetsk,U.S.S.RMass: 40.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Radio 2
Experiments on Radio 2
Data collections fromRadio 2
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-073A[20/09/2010 23:18:33]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
Raduga 4 was launched by the USSR and carried instrumentsfor telephone and telegraphic communication and transmittingtelevision programs, instruments of the command measuringcomplex, an orientation system, and an orbit correctionsystem.
Raduga 4
NSSDC ID: 1978-073A
Alternate Names
10987
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-07-19Launch Vehicle: ProtonBooster Plus Upper Stageand Escape StagesLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 4000.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Communications
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Raduga 4
Experiments on Raduga 4
Data collections fromRaduga 4
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-038A[20/09/2010 23:20:01]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
Rhyolite 4 was a US Air Force electronic intelligence satellitelaunched from Cape Canaveral aboard an Atlas Agena-Drocket. It was placed in a geosynchronous earth orbit.
Rhyolite 4
NSSDC ID: 1978-038A
Alternate Names
10787
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-04-07Launch Vehicle: Atlas-AgenaLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 700.0 kg
Funding Agency
Department of Defense-Department of the AirForce (United States)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Rhyolite 4
Experiments on Rhyolite 4
Data collections fromRhyolite 4
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-075A[20/09/2010 23:21:25]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
The Satellite Data System (SDS-1) was composed of twooperational satellites that had supported near-real timecommunications between low altitude photographic intelligencesatellites and ground control stations, making it a critical part ofthe US Air Force Satellite Communications (AFSATCOM)System. In particular, SDS-1 served as a communications linkbetween the Air Force Satellite Control Facility at Sunnyvale,CA, and 7 remote tracking stations located at VandenbergAFB, Hawaii, Guam, Nahe Island, Greenland, the UK, andBoston. Furthermore, the SDS-1 enabled almost two-way real-time command, control, and UHF communications in the polarregion for Strategic Air Command (SAC) forces. The Northpolar region was not covered by communications satellites ingeostationary orbit, and therefore the SDS-1 filled the gap. Athird and unacknowledged function was to provide a relay forinformation from the KH-11 photo reconnaisance satellite to aground station, which was probably the Defense SpecialMissile and Astronautics Center at Fort Meade, MD. It flew in63 deg orbits, having high apogees over the North Pole andlow perigees. This gave it a long stay time over the polarregion, enabling it to relay communications to aircraft in thoseareas. Two of the SDS-1 satellites had to be in orbit for thecommunications to be constant. Each had 12 communicationschannels in the UHF band. The main transmitting antenna wasover 10 feet in diameter. The body itself, based on the designof the TACSAT, was cylindrical and about 13 feet long and 10feet in diameter. The outside cylinder, call the solar array, wasmade of a silicon skin and spun for thermal distribution of theheat load. The primary electrical power was provided by solarcharged batteries with a total of 980 watts of power.
SDS F-3
NSSDC ID: 1978-075A
Alternate Names
Satellite Data System F-3
10993
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-08-05Launch Vehicle: TitanIII-BLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 700.0 kg
Funding Agency
Department of Defense-Department of the AirForce (United States)
Discipline
Surveillance and OtherMilitary
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for SDS F-3
Experiments on SDS F-3
Data collections from SDSF-3
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-064A[20/09/2010 23:22:28]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
The Ocean Dynamics Satellite (Seasat 1) was designed toprovide measurements of sea-surface winds, sea-surfacetemperatures, wave heights, internal waves, atmospheric liquidwater content, sea ice features, ocean features, oceantopography, and the marine geoid. Seasat 1 provided 95%global coverage every 36 h. The instrument payload consistedof (1) an X-band compressed pulse radar altimeter (ALT), (2) acoherent synthetic aperture radar (SAR), (3) a Seasat-Ascatterometer system (SASS), (4) a scanning multichannelmicrowave radiometer (SMMR), and (5) a visible and infraredradiometer (VIRR). The accuracies obtained were distancebetween spacecraft and ocean surface to 10 cm, wind speedsto 2 m/s, and surface temperatures to 1 deg C. For moreinformation about Seasat 1, see "Seasat mission overview,"Science, v. 204, pp. 1405-1424, 1979, and a special issue onthe Seasat 1 sensors, IEEE J. of Oceanic Eng., v. OE-5, 1980.On October 10, 1978, Seasat 1 failed due to a massive shortcircuit in its electrical system. During most of its 105 days inorbit, Seasat 1 returned a unique and extensive set ofobservations of the earth's oceans.
Seasat 1
NSSDC ID: 1978-064A
Alternate Names
Seasat-A
10967
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-06-27Launch Vehicle: Atlas-AgenaLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 1800.0 kg
Funding Agency
NASA-Office of Spaceand TerrestrialApplications (UnitedStates)
Discipline
Earth Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Seasat 1
Experiments on Seasat 1
Data collections fromSeasat 1
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-064A[20/09/2010 23:22:28]
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Dr. James A. Dunne Project Scientist NASA Jet PropulsionLaboratory
Mr. Walker E. Giberson Project Manager NASA Jet PropulsionLaboratory
Mr. Samuel W. McCandless,Jr.
ProgramManager
NASA Headquarters
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-003A[20/09/2010 23:23:18]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
Soyuz 27 carried cosmonauts Oleg Makarov and VladimirDzhanibekov to the Soviet Salyut space station Salyut 6 andreturned the crew of Soyuz 26 to Earth. It was recoveredMarch 16, 1978 11:19 GMT.
Soyuz 27
NSSDC ID: 1978-003A
Alternate Names
10560
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-01-10LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 6570.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Human Crew
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Soyuz 27
Experiments on Soyuz 27
Data collections fromSoyuz 27
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
Soyuz 27
Launch, orbit and landing data Launch date: 10.01.1978 Launch time: 12:26 UT Launch site: Baikonur Launch pad: 1 Altitude: 190 - 237 km Inclination: 51,57° Landing date: 16.01.1978 Landing time: 11:24 UT
Landing site: 265 km W of Tselinograd
Crew
No. Surname Given name Job
1 Dzhanibekov Vladimir Aleksandrovich Commander
2 Makarov Oleg Grigoriyevich Flight Engineer
Flight Launch from Baikonur; landing with Soyuz 26-capsule 265 km west of Tselinograd. First ever guest crew visiting the first resident crew on Salyut 6 spacestation. The four cosmonauts conducted many experiments, including Rezonans, which was designed to determine if resonant frequencies might threaten the structural integrity of the three-spacecraft combination (Soyuz 26, Salyut 6 and Soyuz 27). Additional work were photography of Earth surface, solar observation and astronomical experiments.
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-023A[20/09/2010 23:24:14]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
Soyuz 28 carried cosmonauts A.A. Gubarev (USSR) and V.Remek (Czechoslovak Socialist Republic) to the Soviet spacestation Salyut 6. It was the first international "Intercosmos"team to carry out scientific research and experiments jointlydeveloped by Soviet and Czech specialists. It was recoveredMarch 10, 1978 13:45 GMT.
Soyuz 28
NSSDC ID: 1978-023A
Alternate Names
10694
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-03-02LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 6570.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Human Crew
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Soyuz 28
Experiments on Soyuz 28
Data collections fromSoyuz 28
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
Soyuz 28
Launch, orbit and landing data Launch date: 02.03.1978 Launch time: 15:28 UT Launch site: Baikonur Launch pad: 1 Altitude: 192 - 246 km Inclination: 51,63° Landing date: 10.03.1978 Landing time: 13:44 UT Landing site: 135 km N of Arkalyk
Crew
No. Surname Given name Job
1 Gubarev Aleksei Aleksandrovich Commander
2 Remek Vladimír "Volodya" Research Cosmonaut/ Checoslovaquia
Flight Launch from Baikonur; landing 135 km north of Arkalyk. First Interkosmos-Mission with a Czech-Slowakian cosmonaut on board. Docking on Salyut 6 spacestation. Interkosmos-missions had mainly political purposes but also some scientific experiments were performed, as crystall-growing experiments, materials processing, earth-observations, medical-biological tests.
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-061A[20/09/2010 23:24:36]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
Soyuz 29 was a manned Soviet mission that carriedcosmonauts V.V. Kovalenko and A.S. Ivanchenkov to theSalyut 6 space station to conduct scientific and technologicalinvestigations and experiments. It was recovered onSeptember 3, 1978 at 11:40 GMT after 140 days.
Soyuz 29
NSSDC ID: 1978-061A
Alternate Names
10952
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-06-15LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 6570.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Human Crew
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Soyuz 29
Experiments on Soyuz 29
Data collections fromSoyuz 29
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
Soyuz 29
Launch, orbit and landing data Launch date: 15.06.1978 Launch time: 20:16 UT Launch site: Baikonur Launch pad: 1 Altitude: 193 - 248 km Inclination: 51,63° Landing date: 02.11.1978 Landing time: 11:04 UT
Landing site: 140 km SE of Dzheskasgan
Crew
No. Surname Given name Job
1 Kovalyonok Vladimir Vasiliyevich Commander
2 Ivanchenkov Aleksandr Sergeyevich Flight Engineer
Flight Launch from Baikonur; landing with Soyuz 31-spacecraft 140 km southeast of Dzheskasgan. 2. resident-crew of Salyut 6. After activating the stations life systems (air regenerators and thermal regulation system, the water recycling system), they performed maintenance on the station's airlock, installed equipment and tested the station's Kaskad orientation system. During the mission, the cosmonauts conducted numerous scientific experiments in the fields of medicine and materials science. Resident crew was visited by Interkosmos-flights of Soyuz 30 (28.06.1978) and Soyuz 31 (26.08.1978). Cargo-spacecrafts Progress 2 - 4 delivered water, food, fuel and equipment and turned back trash and no more needed equipment. EVA on 29.07.1978 by both cosmonauts to retrieve detectors and materials samples launched attached to the Salyut 6 hull (2h 05m). On 07.09.1978 the crew also relocated the Soyuz 31-spacecraft from the aft port of the station to the front port of the station for the first time. Later on this became a routine procedure. The crew set a new spaceflight record.
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-065A[20/09/2010 23:25:13]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
Soyuz 30 was a manned Soviet spacecraft used to dock withthe Salyut 6 space station. On board were the secondIntercosmos program, international crew consisting of P.I.Klimuk (USSR) and M. Hermaszewski (Poland). It wasrecovered July 4, 1978 13:30 GMT.
Soyuz 30
NSSDC ID: 1978-065A
Alternate Names
10968
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-06-27LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 6570.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Human Crew
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Soyuz 30
Experiments on Soyuz 30
Data collections fromSoyuz 30
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
Soyuz 30
Launch, orbit and landing data Launch date: 27.06.1978 Launch time: 15:27 UT Launch site: Baikonur Launch pad: 1 Altitude: 195 - 244 km Inclination: 51,64° Landing date: 05.07.1978 Landing time: 13:30 UT Landing site: 300 km W of Tselinograd
Crew
No. Surname Given name Job
1 Klimuk Pyotr Iliyich Commander
2 Hermaszewski Miroslaw "Mirek" Research Cosmonaut(Polonia)
Flight Launch from Baikonur; landing 300 km west of Tselinograd. Second Interkosmos-mission. Docking on Salyut 6 spacestation. Experiments on the field of materials science; photography of Earth surface and study of the aurora borealis together with the resident crew.
Photos / Drawings
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-081A[20/09/2010 23:26:20]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
Soyuz 31 was a manned Soviet spacecraft launched withCosmonauts V.F. Bykosky (USSR) and S. Jahn (DDR) onboard to dock. Its mission was to dock with the Salyut 6 spacestation where the cosmonauts carried out scientific researchand experiments.
Soyuz 31
NSSDC ID: 1978-081A
Alternate Names
11010
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-08-26LaunchVehicle: Modified SS-6(Sapwood) with 2ndGeneration (Longer) UpperStageLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 6600.0 kg
Funding Agency
Unknown (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Human Crew
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Soyuz 31
Experiments on Soyuz 31
Data collections fromSoyuz 31
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
Soyuz 31
Launch, orbit and landing data Launch date: 26.08.1978 Launch time: 14:51 UT Launch site: Baikonur Launch pad: 1 Altitude: 193 - 243 km Inclination: 51,62° Landing date: 03.09.1978 Landing time: 11:40 UT
Landing site: 180 km SE of Dzheskasgan
Crew
No. Surname Given name
1 Bykovsky Valeri Fyodorovich 2 Jähn Sigmund W. P. "Sig"(Ale
Flight Launch from Baikonur; landing with Soyuz 29-spacecraft 180 km southeast of Dzheskasgan; third Interkosmos-mission. Docking on Salyut 6 spacestation. Jähn became the first German in space. The crew conducted several scientific experiments in the areas materials research, Earth exploration, atmosphere research, medicine and biology. Using the two melting furnaces on board new connections and semiconductor structures were made of lead and tellurium, crystal growths experiments were performed and even optical glasses were melted. Observations to environmental pollutions were also performed. Life sciences experiments were performed on the fields of hearing sensitivity, time feeling and also tasting. Experiments to bacteria growth and for the development of single-celled organisms had also been done. Science work of Earth exploration included earth photography and meteorological measurements.
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=SS78-1A[20/09/2010 23:26:41]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
SS78-1A
NSSDC ID: SS78-1A
Alternate Names
NAVPAC
SESP S78-1
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-05-01Launch Vehicle: nullLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United States
Discipline
Earth Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for SS78-1A
Experiments on SS78-1A
Data collections fromSS78-1A
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=ST78-1A[20/09/2010 23:27:11]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
ST78-1A
NSSDC ID: ST78-1A
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-02-01Launch Vehicle: AtlasFLaunch Site: UnitedStates
Discipline
Engineering
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for ST78-1A
Experiments on ST78-1A
Data collections fromST78-1A
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-096A[20/09/2010 23:27:32]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
TIROS-N was an operational meteorological satellite for use inthe National Operational Environmental Satellite System(NOESS) and for the support of the Global AtmosphericResearch Program (GARP) during 1978-84. The satellitedesign provided an economical and stable sun-synchronousplatform for advanced operational instruments to measure theearth's atmosphere, its surface and cloudcover, and the near-space environment. Primary sensors included an advancedvery high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) for observingdaytime and nighttime global cloud cover, and a TIROSoperational vertical sounder (TOVS) for obtaining temperatureand water-vapor profiles through the earth's atmosphere.Secondary experiments consisted of a space environmentmonitor (SEM), which measured the proton and electron fluxesnear the earth, and a data collection system (DCS), whichprocessed and relayed to central data acquisition stations thevarious meteorological data received from free-floatingballoons and ocean buoys distributed around the globe. Thesatellite was based upon the Block 5D spacecraft busdeveloped for the U.S. Air Force, and it was capable ofmaintaining an earth-pointing accuracy of better than plus orminus 0.1 deg with a motion rate of less than 0.035 deg/s. Fora more detailed description, see A. Schwalb, "The TIROS-N/NOAA A-G Satellite Series," NOAA Tech. Mem. Ness 95,1978.
TIROS-N
NSSDC ID: 1978-096A
Alternate Names
11060
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-10-13Launch Vehicle: AtlasFLaunchSite: Vandenberg AFB,United StatesMass: 588.9 kg
Funding Agencies
NASA-Office of Spaceand TerrestrialApplications (UnitedStates)
NOAA NationalEnvironmental SatelliteService (United States)
Disciplines
Communications
Earth Science
Space Physics
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for TIROS-N
Experiments on TIROS-N
Data collections fromTIROS-N
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-096A[20/09/2010 23:27:32]
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Mr. Gerald W.Longanecker
Project Manager NASA Goddard Space FlightCenter
Dr. Ray J. Arnold ProgramManager
NASA Headquarters
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-084A[20/09/2010 23:27:54]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
Venera 11 was part of a two-spacecraft mission to studyVenus and the interplanetary medium. Each of the twospacecraft, Venera 11 and Venera 12, consisted of a flightplatform and a lander probe. Identical instruments were carriedon both spacecraft. The flight platform had instruments tostudy solar-wind composition, gamma-ray bursts, ultravioletradiation, and the electron density of the ionosphere of Venus.The lander probe carried instruments to study thecharacteristics and composition of the atmosphere of Venus.
Venera 11 was launched into a 177 x 205 km, 51.5 degreeinclination Earth orbit from which it was propelled into a 3.5month Venus transfer orbit. After ejection of the lander probe,the flight platform continued on past Venus in a heliocentricorbit. Near encounter with Venus occurred on December 25,1978, at approximately 34,000 km altitude. The flight platformacted as a data relay for the descent craft for 95 minutes untilit flew out of range and returned its own measurements oninterplanetary space. The platform was equipped with agamma-ray spectrometer, retarding potential traps, UV gratingmonochromator, electron and proton spectrometers, gamma-ray burst detectors, solar wind plasma detectors, and two-frequency transmitters.
More information on the Venera 11 descent vehicle is availableat:
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=1978-084D
Venera 11
NSSDC ID: 1978-084A
Alternate Names
Venera 11 Flight Platform
11020
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-09-09Launch Vehicle: ProtonBooster Plus Upper Stageand Escape StagesLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 4940.0 kg
Funding Agency
Soviet Academy ofSciences (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Planetary Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Venera 11
Experiments on Venera 11
Data collections fromVenera 11
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. David R.Williams.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
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NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-084A[20/09/2010 23:27:54]
Dr. V. G.Kurt
ProjectScientist
Institut Kosmicheskich Issledovaniya(Institute of Space Research)
Mr. ArtemIvankov
GeneralContact
Lavochkin Association [email protected]
Selected References
Johnson, N. L., Handbook of soviet lunar and planetary exploration - volume 47 science andtechnology series, Amer. Astronau. Soc. Publ., 1979.
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-084D[20/09/2010 23:28:31]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
The Venera 11 descent craft carried instruments designed tostudy the detailed chemical composition of the atmosphere, thenature of the clouds, and the thermal balance of theatmosphere. Separating from its flight platform on December23, 1978 it entered the Venus atmosphere two days later at11.2 km/sec. During the descent, it employed aerodynamicbraking followed by parachute braking and ending withatmospheric braking. It made a soft landing on the surface at06:24 Moscow time on 25 December after a descent time ofapproximately 1 hour. The touchdown speed was 7-8 m/s.Information was transmitted to the flight platform forretransmittal to earth until it moved out of range 95 minutesafter touchdown.
It is unknown whether the Lander Probe carried an imagingsystem. No mention of it occurs in the Soviet literatureexamined by the author. Two other experiments on the Landerdid fail, and their failure was acknowledged by the Soviets.Some U.S. literature on the subject notes that the imagingsystem "failed" but did return some data. Among theinstruments on board was a gas chromatograph to measurethe composition of the Venus atmosphere, instruments tostudy scattered solar radiation and soil composition, and adevice named Groza which was designed to measureamospheric electrical discharges. Results reported includedevidence of lightning and thunder, a high Ar36/Ar40 ratio, andthe discovery of carbon monoxide at low altitudes.
More information on the Venera 11 flight platform is availableat:
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=1978-084A
Venera 11 Descent Craft
NSSDC ID: 1978-084D
Alternate Names
Venera 11 Lander
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-09-09Launch Vehicle: ProtonBooster Plus Upper Stageand Escape StagesLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.R
Funding Agency
Soviet Academy ofSciences (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Planetary Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Venera 11Descent Craft
Experiments on Venera 11Descent Craft
Data collections fromVenera 11 Descent Craft
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. David R.Williams.
Personnel
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NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
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Venera 11 Descent Craft
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-084D[20/09/2010 23:28:31]
Dr. V. G.Kurt
ProjectScientist
Institut Kosmicheskich Issledovaniya(Institute of Space Research)
Mr. ArtemIvankov
GeneralContact
Lavochkin Association [email protected]
Selected References
Johnson, N. L., Handbook of soviet lunar and planetary exploration - volume 47 science andtechnology series, Amer. Astronau. Soc. Publ., 1979.
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
Venera 11 Descent Craft
The Venera 11 descent craft carried instruments designed to study the detailed chemical composition of the atmosphere, the nature of the clouds, and the thermal balance of the atmosphere. Separating from its flight platform on December 23, 1978 it entered the Venus atmosphere two days later at 11.2 km/sec. During the descent, it employed aerodynamic braking followed by parachute braking and ending with atmospheric braking. It made a soft landing on the surface at 06:24 Moscow time on 25 December after a descent time of approximately 1 hour. The touchdown speed was 7-8 m/s. Information was transmitted to the flight platform for retransmittal to earth until it moved out of range 95 minutes after touchdown.
It is unknown whether the Lander Probe carried an imaging system. No mention of it occurs in the Soviet literature examined by the author. Two other experiments on the Lander did fail, and their failure was acknowledged by the Soviets. Some U.S. literature on the subject notes that the imaging system "failed" but did return some data. Among the instruments on board was a gas chromatograph to measure the composition of the Venus atmosphere, instruments to study scattered solar radiation and soil composition, and a device named Groza which was designed to measure amospheric electrical discharges. Results reported included evidence of lightning and thunder, a high Ar36/Ar40 ratio, and the discovery of carbon monoxide at low altitudes.
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-09-09 Launch Vehicle: Proton Booster Plus Upper Stage and Escape Stages Launch Site:
Tyuratam (Baikonur Cosmodrome), U.S.S.R
Venera 11 Descent Craft
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-086A[20/09/2010 23:29:00]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
Venera 12 was part of a two-spacecraft mission to studyVenus and the interplanetary medium. Each of the twospacecraft, Venera 11 and Venera 12, consisted of a flightplatform and a lander probe. Identical instruments were carriedon both spacecraft. The flight platform had instruments tostudy solar-wind composition, gamma-ray bursts, ultravioletradiation, and the electron density of the ionosphere of Venus.The lander probe carried instruments to study thecharacteristics and composition of the atmosphere of Venus.
Venera 12 was launched into a 177 x 205 km, 51.5 degreeinclination Earth orbit from which it was propelled into a 3.5month Venus transfer orbit which involved two mid-coursecorrections, on 21 September and 14 December. After ejectionof the lander probe on 19 December, two days beforeencounter, the flight platform continued on past Venus in aheliocentric orbit. Near encounter with Venus occurred onDecember 21, 1978, at approximately 34,000 km altitude. Theflight platform acted as a data relay for the descent craft for110 minutes until it flew out of range and returned its ownmeasurements on interplanetary space. The platform wasequipped with a gamma-ray spectrometer, retarding potentialtraps, UV grating monochromator, electron and protonspectrometers, gamma-ray burst detectors, solar wind plasmadetectors, and two-frequency transmitters.
More information on the Venera 12 descent vehicle is availableat:
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=1978-086C
Venera 12
NSSDC ID: 1978-086A
Alternate Names
Venera 12 Flight Platform
11025
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-09-14Launch Vehicle: ProtonBooster Plus Upper Stageand Escape StagesLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.RMass: 4940.0 kg
Funding Agency
Soviet Academy ofSciences (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Planetary Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Venera 12
Experiments on Venera 12
Data collections fromVenera 12
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. David R.Williams.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
Publications
Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-086A[20/09/2010 23:29:00]
Dr. V. G.Kurt
ProjectScientist
Institut Kosmicheskich Issledovaniya(Institute of Space Research)
Mr. ArtemIvankov
GeneralContact
Lavochkin Association [email protected]
Selected References
Johnson, N. L., Handbook of soviet lunar and planetary exploration - volume 47 science andtechnology series, Amer. Astronau. Soc. Publ., 1979.
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-086C[20/09/2010 23:29:27]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
The Venera 12 descent craft carried instruments designed tostudy the detailed chemical composition of the atmosphere, thenature of the clouds, and the thermal balance of theatmosphere. Separating from its flight platform on December19, 1978, it entered the Venus atmosphere two days later at11.2 km/sec. During the descent, it employed aerodynamicbraking followed by parachute braking and ending withatmospheric braking. It made a soft landing on the surface at06:30 Moscow time on 21 December after a descent time ofapproximately 1 hour. The touchdown speed was 7-8 m/s.Information was transmitted to the flight platform forretransmittal to earth. until it moved out of range 110 minutesafter touchdown. It is unknown whether the Lander Probecarried an imaging system. No mention of it occurs in theSoviet literature examined by the author. Two otherexperiments on the Lander did fail, and their failure wasacknowledged by the Soviets. Some U.S. literature on thesubject notes that the imaging system "failed" but did returnsome data. Among the instruments on board was a gaschromatograph to measure the composition of the Venusatmosphere, instruments to study scattered solar radiation andsoil composition, and a device named Groza which wasdesigned to measure atmospheric electrical discharges.Results reported included evidence of lightning and thunder, ahigh Ar36/Ar40 ratio, and the discovery of carbon monoxide atlow altitudes.
More information on the Venera 12 flight platform is availableat:
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=1978-086A
Venera 12 Descent Craft
NSSDC ID: 1978-086C
Alternate Names
Venera 12 Lander
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-09-14Launch Vehicle: ProtonBooster Plus Upper Stageand Escape StagesLaunch Site: Tyuratam(Baikonur Cosmodrome),U.S.S.R
Funding Agency
Soviet Academy ofSciences (U.S.S.R)
Discipline
Planetary Science
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Venera 12Descent Craft
Experiments on Venera 12Descent Craft
Data collections fromVenera 12 Descent Craft
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: Dr. David R.Williams.
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
Publications
Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-086C[20/09/2010 23:29:27]
Dr. V. G.Kurt
ProjectScientist
Institut Kosmicheskich Issledovaniya(Institute of Space Research)
Mr. ArtemIvankov
GeneralContact
Lavochkin Association [email protected]
Selected References
Johnson, N. L., Handbook of soviet lunar and planetary exploration - volume 47 science andtechnology series, Amer. Astronau. Soc. Publ., 1979.
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-039A[20/09/2010 23:30:23]
Monday, 20 September 2010
Description
The Medium-Scale Broadcasting Satellite for ExperimentalPurposes (BSE) was an experimental communicationssatellite. Its main body was irregular in shape but roughlycubical. A symmetrical pair of rectangular solar panelsextended wing-like, on either side of the satellite body for atotal length of 8.95 m and width of 1.48 m. These were rotatedfor maximum solar exposure. Mounted on another side of thespacecraft was an eliptical-paraboloid antenna disk with acomposite three-horn radiator designed to efficiently irradiateprimary geographical areas of interest to Japan. The combinedheight of satellite and antenna was 3.09 m. The satellite bodywas 1.32 m wide by 1.19 m long. The spacecraft used active,three-axis stabilization employing zero-momentum wheels andhydrazine thrusters. Pointing accuracy was better than 0.2deg. The satellite was designed for a three year lifetime onlocation near 110 deg E. Experiments utilized 2.1, 2.3, 12, and14 GHz frequencies for satellite control/telemetry, and TVtransmission studies. The experiments involved studies of TVsignal characteristics, rainfall attenuation at 12 GHz,satellite/ground terminal performance, ground/satellitefrequency sharing, satellite control techniques, satellitebroadcasting operations, and TV signal quality assessment.
Yuri 1
NSSDC ID: 1978-039A
Alternate Names
BSE
Broadcasting Satellite forExperimental Purposes
10792
Facts in Brief
Launch Date: 1978-04-07Launch Vehicle: DeltaLaunch Site: CapeCanaveral, United StatesMass: 352.0 kg
Funding Agencies
National SpaceDevelopment Agency(NASDA) (Japan)
Unknown (United States)
Disciplines
Communications
Engineering
AdditionalInformation
Launch/Orbitalinformation for Yuri 1
Experiments on Yuri 1
Data collections from Yuri1
Questions or commentsabout this spacecraft canbe directed to: CoordinatedRequest and User SupportOffice.
NSSDC MasterCatalog Search
Spacecraft
Experiments
Data Collections
Personnel
Publications
Maps
New/Updated Data
Lunar/Planetary Events
NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-039A[20/09/2010 23:30:23]
Personnel
Name Role Original Affiliation E-mail
Mr. Robert J. Goss Project Manager NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
+ Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA Official: Dr. Ed GrayzeckCurator: E. Bell, IIVersion 4.0.13, 30 August 2010