diversidad vegetal (parte1)
TRANSCRIPT
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DIVERSIDAD
VEGETAL (parte1)
(para BIOLOGIA GENERAL Y
METODOLOGIA DE LA CIENCIA)
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Arbol genealógico de Plantas y Hongos; Bresinsky y Kadereit (2002) simplificado
Procariontes
Mitocondria
Cloroplasto
Eucariontes
Biología Vegetal 2007
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Arbol genealógico de Plantas y Hongos; Bresinsky y Kadereit (2002) simplificado
Procariontes
Mitocondria
Cloroplasto
Eucariontes
Biología Vegetal 2007
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Clorofitas Briofitas Pteridofitas Gimnospermas Angiospermas
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Chlamydomonas sp. (CELULAS INDEPENDIENTES
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Chlamydomonas sp.
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Pediastrum sp. (COLONIA DE CELULAS)
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Spirogyra sp. (FILAMENTOS DE CELULAS)
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ALGAS VERDES • Paredes celulósicas • Clorofila A y B • Almidón como sustancia de reserva
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La conquista de la tierra comenzó hace unos 500
millones de años
Fue realizada por organismos descendientes
de las algas verdes
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Clorofitas Briofitas Pteridofitas Gimnospermas Angiospermas
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Briofitas • Paredes celulósicas
• Clorofila A y B
• Almidón de reserva
• Sistema vascular ausente o muy rudimentario
• Tejidos epidérmicos poco eficientes o ausentes.
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Clorofitas Briofitas Pteridofitas Gimnospermas Angiospermas
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Grupos de briofitas
Musgos
Hepáticas
Antocerotes
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Anteridio
anterozoide
Gametofito ♂ (n)
Gametofito ♀ (n)
Arquegonio
ovocelula
Arquegonio
Hojas
rizoides
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Dendroligotrichum dendroides, en
Valdivia (Chile) izquierda) y
Fiordland (Nueva Zelandia) derecha
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HEPATICAS
(HEPATICAE)
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ANTOCEROTES
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IMPORTANCIA ECOLOGICA
Los musgos son con frecuencia los primeros
colonizadores del suelo desnudo. Preparan las
condiciones para el establecimiento de las plantas
superiores.
Son con frecuencia los organismos dominantes en
regiones circumpolares.
Contribuyen a aumentar la intercepción de niebla en
los bosques nublados.
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LA COMPETENCIA
POR EL ESPACIO EN LA TIERRA FIRME
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La «invención» de los tejidos
vasculares y los tejidos de
aislamiento: PTERIDOFITAS
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Paisaje Devónico, hace
unos 400 millones de años
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Clorofitas Briofitas Pteridofitas Gimnospermas Angiospermas
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Briofitas “Pteridofitas” Espermatofitas
Lycofitas Monilofitas Gimnospermas Angiospermas
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Selaginella (Pteridofita,
con tejidos vasculares)
Mnium (Briofita, sin
tejidos vasculares)
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Huperzia saururus
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Isoëtes escondidensis
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Las lycofitas tiene hojas con una estructura
simple, con una sola nervadura, «microfilos»
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MONILOFITAS
Pteridofitas con hojas
complejas (macrofilos)
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Alsophila odonellii
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Equisetum giganteum