descubrirmiento de huiñay huayna

8/14/2019 Descubrirmiento de Huiay Huayna

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Djdmmdi`z ka ncz{dfd}c`z ac fdz ja}jdcdz ka J`}nlqd~}djlncd qc g}qu`

nc{a}azdc{a ka }qncdz d}tqa`fgnjdz ka hjnf djjaz` u`}tqa {`kdxd j`cza}xdc af

jdinc` ncjdnj` dk`tqncdk` ka g}dcn{` tqa f` qcd j`c Idjlq Unjjlq ~ c`z

kni`z jqac{d tqa azjdzadmdc cqaz{}`z xxa}az# Za acxn ac j`czajqacjnd d qc`

ka f`z ua`caz ud}d tqa hqa}d d jìu}d}f`z ac af uqamf` tqa a|nz{a ac fdz

ja}jdcdz ka fdz hdi`zdz }qncdz ka Idjlq Unjjlq#

Df kd zngqnac{a za u}azac{ {}d~ack` fdz jìu}dz d jqaz{dz& c` af uac tqa

ldmd nk` u`} affdz& znc` qc cn` ka jd{`}ja d`z ka akdk tqa a|ufnj tqa zqla}idc` ldmd acha}idk` ~ tqa f& kaza`z` ka tqa c` c`z ua}oqknj}di`z&

ldmd }azqaf{` u`ca}za ac jdinc` ffaxck`c`z f`z xxa}az# [aff` jìu}ackn

tqa zniufaiac{a af la}idc` a}d qc `jn`z` ~ ldz{d {ain tqa af ainzd}n` fa

zdfk}d j`c tqa af knca}` z`m}dc{a za ldmd tqakdk` ac u`ka} kaf l`fgdc# Fa

unkn uqaz tqa fa i`z{}d}d fd }afdjnc ka jìu}dz dz jì` f` tqa ldmd

jìu}dk` ~& ahaj{nxdiac{a& {`k` az{dmd j`ch`}ia& iac`z af zdfk`& uqaz c`tqakdmd qc jac{dx`# Az{` c` dg}dk df zdmn`#

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mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]



)Z za`}& ia f` {n}#

Af zdmn` za tqak znc udfdm}d dc{a }azuqaz{d {dc j`}{dc{a# Af zdfk` f` ldmd

gdz{dk` u`} zq jqac{d ~ c` ldmd jqaz{nc# Za f` ldmd -{n}dk`-#

)^ ji` dz unaczdz udgd}0)[}dmdodck`# # # )}azu`ckn af cn` j`c {df kngcnkdk tqa u`} qc mqac }d{` af

zdmn` za tqak uaczd{nx`#

)J`c {q {}dmdo`0

)^ tq j`zdz zdmaz ldja}0

)Z j`jncd}#

)J`jncd}0 ^ tqnc {a ld aczadk`0

)Du}ack znack` d~qkdc{a ka j`jncd ka fd A|uaknjnc Wacca} G}ac#

Dl# # # Za k`} fd jqaz{nc& uqaz jd~ jì` mdodk` kaf jnaf` ~ u`} f` inzi`

nciaknd{diac{a hqa acxndk` d u}aud}d} fd jìnkd# ^ inac{}dz af cn` za

acjdincdmd gmdkn{` ldjnd fd jl`d tqa& za}xd ka j`jncd& jìac{ af

d}tqaf`g`?

)U`m}a iqjldjl`& az{ j`c udfqknzi` ~ {naca tqa mqzjd}za fd xnkd# Dqctqa

c` j`jnca mnac& ua}` df iac`z c` c`z ld} jìa} fdz u`}tqa}dz tqa qz{akazu}aud}dc#

^ Oqdc ka fd J}q [dund& tqa dz za ffdidmd af cn` ka Idjlq Unjjlq c`

zf` c`z ldjd jìa} kngcdiac{a znc` tqa ldjd infdg}`z u`}tqa ac jna}{d

`jdznc tqa azjdzad}`c f`z xxa}az ~ c` ldmd znc` jdfdmddz znfxaz{}az& za

ncgacn ud}d ldja} dg}dkdmfaz jlquaz ~ qc kqfja ddknck`fa idc tqa {dc{`

dmqckdmd# Df za} af j`jnca}` ka fd a|uaknjnc& dz j`c zq dud}nacjnd lqinfka ~zq x` m}`cjd& c`z ldjd }a} j`c zqz dgqkadz ~ c`z ac{}a{acd j`c f`z jqac{`z

~ fa~ackdz ka dtqaffd }agnc ` f`z tqa ldmd gdcdk` ka ac{}a zq xnkd ka {}dmdo`#

[aff` ffag d az{nid}f` ~ df d` zngqnac{a ln` tqa xndod}d d Fnid& idz jì`

hqa}d kaz{ncdk` df jdiudiac{` ka Udjldjidj ~ {}dz qc {naiu` axnkacjn c`



dg}dkd}fa& tqnz u`}tqa dzun}dmd dfg` iz& za }a{n} ~ ud}aja tqa za hqa zq

jdinc` hd{df u`}tqa iz {d}ka ac tqa af dc{}ùf`g`& df acj`c{}d}f` ac fd jdffa

{dc kafgdk`& f` ffax df iqza`& fa }ahn}n ac{`cjaz& j`c f`z ò`z d}}dzdk`z ac

fg}nidz& tqa zq ud{}c& qc jqztqa`& d xajaz u`}tqa af dq{` c` ldmd tqakdk`}afqjnac{a ac dfgc uqc{`& f` d{djdmd d uqc{dunz#

Az tqa af u`m}a Oqdcn{` {acd {df kngcnkdk tqa& jqdck` fd }dc a}d zq~d& fd

ldjd c`{d} jì` f` ldm}d lajl` c`{d} jqdftqna} lìm}a dkqf{` ~ za}ac`& ~ f`

ldm}d lajl` dz fa lqmna}dc az{dk` uncjldck` h}dnfaz h}dcjnzjdc`z kazjdf`z#

]ajnmn} }kacaz ka qc zdmn` df tqa d xajaz zn af ka}ajl` f` }azudfkdmd& fa ldjd

`moajn`caz& ~ zdfn}fa j`c z{dz d qc ncknxnkq` m}qzj` ~ dj`z{qim}dk` d du}a{d}

f`z uq`z ~ d{nd} ud{dkdz d f`z u`m}az nckn`z ka zq jìd}jd& a}d uqaz jì`

uakn} {}ng` d fd udod m}dxd#

Qc d{dtqa ka laiù{nznz f` ffax d Odqod ldz{d k`cka [aff` fa acxn knca}`

u`} dfgc {naiu`# Dfgqcdz xajaz f` lnjna}`c f`z kaf ua}z`cdf kaf Iqza`# ^

jna}{d xa tqa hqn ffaxck`fa qcd ka dtqaffdz }aiazdz& f` acj`c{} {dimnc ka

d~qkdc{a ka j`jncd& ua}` ka qc l`{af k`cka {`k`z f`z udjnac{az udkajdc ka fd

uaz{a mfdcjd# Nckqkdmfaiac{a af idf hqa ac dqiac{` u`}tqa `cja d`z iz{d}ka& ldja u`j`& qc knd}n` dcqcjn zq zqnjnkn` `jq}}nk` ac Lqdcjd~`& -u`}

udkaja} ka acha}iakdk ncjq}dmfa-#



F@Z @Z@Z KA LQND^ LQD^CD

D tqnc ` d tqncaz za kama af kazjqm}ninac{` ka fdz }qncdz ka Lqnd~

Lqd~cd0 D qc`z `z`z& qc`z -qjqj`z- cag}`z ~ dc{aòqk`z jì` f`z tqa a|nz{ac

u`} az`z fqgd}az#Z`c xd}n`z f`z tqa nc{a}xncna}`c ac af ldffdg` ka fd maffd Lqnd~ Lqd~cd&

znc aimd}g`& za {naca jì` zq kazjqm}nk`} df zdmn` [aff`& ~d tqa hqa f tqnac f`

k d j`c`ja} df iqck`# U`}tqa& ac }ng`}& kazjqm}n} az kd} d j`c`ja}& ka f`

j`c{}d}n` cdkna lqmna}d {acnk` jì` kazjqm}nk`} ka Di}njd d J}nz{mdf

J`fc znc` d Df`cz` Zcjla ka Lqafxd& dtqaf hdi`z` unf`{` tqa kazuqz ka

{`jd} {na}}d Dia}njdcd }a{`}c d Azudd ac jìudd ka qc`z jqdc{`z tqa

uqkna}`c z`m}axnxn} d fd hdf{d ka dgqd ~ xxa}az# Za knja tqa z{a hqa tqnac df

idckd} ldja} qcd jd}{d ga`g}hnjd j`c J}nz{mdf J`fc tqa dkaiz ka lmnf

unf`{` a}d j`zig}dh`& fa k {dimnc f`z kd{`z# Dzninzi` c` kn}di`z tqa

Ln}di Mncgldi kazjqm}n Idjlq Unjjlq znc` ]njld}{a ~ fxd}a& qc ud} ka

nckn`z tqa dfaodk`z kaf iqck` xnxdc {}dctqnfdiac{a jqf{nxdck` ac dfgqcdz

dckaca}dz ka fd l`~ iqckndfiac{a hdi`zd jnqkdk ncjdnjd#

Kq}dc{a af {naiu` tqa kq}d}`c f`z {}dmdo`z ka kah`}az{djnc ~ kacqkdjncka fdz }qncdz ka Lqnd~ Lqd~cd& af d}tqaf`g` [aff` za nc{a}az u`} j`c`ja}

tqncaz ldmdc znk` f`z dq{`}az kaf ldffdg` ~ ffag d fd j`cjfqznc ka tqa zq

a|nz{acjnd c` a}d qc zaj}a{` ud}d f`z tqa i`}dmdc ac dtqaff`z fqgd}az ~& z`m}a

{`k`& ud}d f`z idka}a}`z tqa u`} ddknkq}d j`c`jdc iqjldz `{}dz }qncdz dc

ua}knkdz u`} f`z m`ztqaz iz ` iac`z dfakd`z d Idjlq Unjjlq ac jq~dz

ja}jdcdz az{ Lqnd~ Lqd~cd# Fd jqaz{nc a}d uqaz tqa dfgqnac hqaza af u}nia}àc xncjqfd}f` d f`z jnac{hnj`z ~ df iqck`#



Qc` ka f`z ua`caz ka fd A|uaknjnc Jnac{hnjd Wacca} G}ac ,4>;4. tqa f`

hqa {dimnc ka fd A|uaknjnc Jnac{hnjd df Df{` Q}qmdimd ,fd ka [aff`& ac

4>;=. ffdidk` Fa`cjn` Tqnzua& cd{q}df ka Lqd}`j`ck`& za d{}nmqd ldma} znk` af

dq{`} kaf ldffdg`& uqaz j`c{dmd tqa ac af kaza` ka dgacjnd}za dfgc knca}`& za

uqzna}`c ka djqa}k` f ~ qc ding` ud}d n} u`} dtqaff`z fqgd}az ac mqzjd kaudfidz ud}d xacka}fdz ac a4 Jqzj` af kd ka k`incg` ka }di`z ~ tqa& dqctqa c`

fdz ldffd}`c& ua}`& zagq}`z ka tqa dff u`k}dc acj`c{}d}za dfgqc`z {az`}`z& }ahn}n

zq ldffdg` d k`z jd{dk`}az ka incdz& qc`z la}idc`z Djq}n` ka Jdfjd# z{`z&

zagc fd inzid }aha}acjnd& kna}`c dxnz` d ua}z`cdz zadfdkdz kaf Jqzj`&

}ajfdidck` u}axndiac{a ud}d z& af jncjqac{d u`} jnac{` ka jqdftqna} {az`}` tqa

uqkna}d ldffd}za ac fdz iacjn`cdkdz }qncdz ~ tqa dz ffagd}`c f`z kd{`z d f`zinaim}`z ka fd a|uaknjnc zqajd ac }aha}acjnd#

C` za}d ka a|{}dd} tqa aff` hqa}d xa}knj`# Ua}` fd xa}znc kdkd u`} Oqdc ka

fd J}q [dund az fd iz djau{dmfa& uaza tqa d fd zdc j`c{dmd j`c zf` 4; d`z

ka akdk& f` tqa c` a}d qc i`{nx` ud}d tqa az{a cn` kaodza ka u`zaa} qcd



nc{afngacjnd iq~ dgqkd& dkaiz2 a}d za}n` ~ z`m}a {`k` {}dmdodk`} znc kqkd

u`}tqa fd xnkd f` ldmd g`fuadk` kazka iq~ {aiu}dc` ~& dic ka {`k` az`&

j`c`jd mnac {`kd dtqaffd }agnc u`} za} cd{q}df kaf uqamf` ka Idjlq Unjjlq#

Fd `}ngncdfnkdk kaf }afd{`& fd h}dctqad ~ fd l`c}dka ka ka fd J}q [dund&ln` tqa [aff` {ìdza iz ac jqac{d zq }aha}acjnd ~d tqa u`} ddknkq}d ac af

d` dc{a}n`} ldmd znk` d~qkdc{a ka j`jncd ka fd A|uaknjnc Wacca} G}ac#

^ dz& }aj{nhnjdck` fd xa}znc ka Tqnzua& }ahn}n dtqaf cn` tqa af dq{`} kaf

ldffdg` a}d af k`j{`} \# F`wka}& {ùg}dh` ka knjld a|uaknjnc#

Fd A|uaknjnc Wacca} G}ac {acd k`z

a|uf`}dk`}az hdinfnd}ndk`z j`c fd }agnc u`}

za} cd{q}dfaz kaf kaud}{diac{` ~ u`} dtqaff`z

kdz af oaha ka fd inzid& k`j{`} Udqf Hao`z&

az{dmd dqzac{a ~ f` }aaiufddmd af k`j{`}

F`wka}& tqnac& inac{}dz za kdmd {}inc` d

f`z {}dmdo`z ka kah`}az{djnc ~ fniunad ka fdz

}qncdz ka ^qcjdud{d ,Nc{n Ud{d. ))ja}jdcdz d

Lqnd~ Lqd~cd)& acxn d f`z a|uf`}dk`}azud}d tqa }aj`}}na}dc fd tqam}dkd ka

Jl`tqazq~zq~# Ua}`& z{`z& ac jqdc{` za

nc{a}cd}`c df m`ztqa za tqakd}`c u`} dff& {`)

idck` jqac{dz d fdz l`}dz& ka f` j`c{}d}`& d

u`j`z ia{}`z iz dff k`cka aiunad af m`ztqa& ldm}dc kdk` j`c fdz }qncdz ka

Lqnd~ Lqd~cd& Hncdfiac{a& {}dz azua}d} af {naiu` u}qkacjndf& }a{`}cd}`c dfjdiudiac{` ~ kna}`c qc jq}n`z` nch`}ia tqa faz }azqf{ iq~ kazhdx`}dmfa#

Idcnhaz{d}`c d F`wka} tqa c` ldmdc ldffdk` cncgqcd jfdza ka xaz{ngn`z

d}tqa`fgnj`z& d f` iz dcidfaz ka knz{nc{d azuajna ~& jì` tqnac tqna}a dzqz{d}

ud}d tqa c` hqa}dc d kazjqm}n}faz fd hd}zd nc{a}cck`za u`} dff& idcnhaz{d}`c

^qcjdud{d



ldma} acj`c{}dk` dfgqc`z `z`z dg}aznx`z ~ ka }agqfd} {did`# Ua}`& jzun{d$& af

dud}ao` za faz hqa d fd md}}ngd u`}tqa }azqf{ qcd c`{njnd az{quackd ud}d af k`j{`}

F`wka}# Jdd} qc` ka az`z `z`z dc{aòqk`z ka f`z tqa d xajaz za xa u`} az`z

m`ztqaz a}d qc ncjac{nx`& dkaiz& fd xa}kdk az tqa c` z`c dg}aznx`z3 zdfx` tqaqc` f`z d{dtqa ` za dja}tqa iqjl` d aff`z u`} f` inzi` tqa az{`z dcnidfaz c`

z`c jd}cx`}`z znc` tqa za fdz udzdc jìnack` h}q{`z ~ ~a}mdz {na}cdz#

Dz fdz j`zdz af u}nia} zmdk` F`wka} j`gn zq atqnu` ka jdd ~ za

acjdinc ldjnd fd ud}{a tqa kd hjnf djjaz` df m`ztqa& u`} qc }aj`k` kaf

jdinc` ka la}}dkq}d idckdk` ldja} u`} fd A|uaknjnc Wacca} G}ac# C`

jdincd}d iz ka jac ia{}`z i`c{a dkac{}` jqdck` j{d{a$ tqa ac xa ka

kd}za jd}d d jd}d j`c qc -qjqj`- jì` ka f`z tqa fa ldmdc unc{dk` f`z

a|uf`}dk`}az& jd qc g}dc ldffdg` ~ qcd g}dc iac{n}d# Qcdz }qncdz tqa d

oqgd} u`} fdz unak}dz fdm}dkdz ~ acgdz{dkdz j`c fd u}ajnznc dzìm}`zd kaf

az{nf` ncjdnj`& axnkacjndmdc tqa az{dmd kafdc{a ka fdz }qncdz iz niu`}{dc{az

ka {`kdz fdz tqa ldz{d ac{`cjaz ffaxdmdc ac zq ldma}# Ua}` aff`z c` u`kdc

kai`}d} iz {naiu` u`} dff ~ `{}` za}d tqnac ldm}d ka az{qknd}fdz ~

kazjqm}n}fdz {`{dfiac{a#[ì dfgqcdz h`{`g}dhdz ka f` u`j` tqa u`kd xa}za d {}dxz ka fd kacznkdk

m`zj`zd ~ faxdc{ qc ufdc` kaf aknhnjn` u}ncjnudf ~ dfgqcdz dckaca}dz& f`z tqa

oqc{diac{a j`c qc m}axzni` nch`}ia kaf h`fbf`}f`g` jqztqa` za`} O`z M#

Hd}hc hqa}`c ac{}agdk`z df k`j{`} [aff` jqdck` fd Xnbcg Hqck Ncj# ka Caw

^`}b )hqckdjnc z`z{acnkd u`} af iqf{ninff`cd}n` zqaj` Wacca} G}ac)

dqzunjn fd a|uaknjnc kn}ngnkd u`} af jn{dk` jnac{hnj` ua}qdc`#Ldz{d ac{`cjaz Lqnd~ Lqd~cd ud}d aff`z a}d j`c`jnkd jì` -Jdzdffdo{d- )

jnqkdk ka fd tqam}dkd) ~d tqa dz fd kacìncd}`c aff`z u`} az{d} qmnjdkd ac

qcd tqam}dkd# Zn mnac a}d niu`znmfa zdma}za af cìm}a dm`}ngac `}ngncdf& dtq

c` u`kd `jq}}n} f` tqa j`c J`}lqd~}djlncd ~ ]qcjq}djjd~ )fqgd}az j`c`jnk`z



u`} Ln}di Mncgldi tqa fdz jn{d u`} zqz cìm}az dm`}gacaz ~ ldz{d kd qcd

h`{`g}dhd ka fd u}nia}d) dz jì` {dimnc j`c Jak}`mdimd d f`z tqa fd

A|uaknjnc Wacca} G}ac& znc kqkd ngc`}dck` f`z cìm}az j`c tqa a}dc

j`c`jnkdz& fdz }amdq{n j`c Zd~djid}jd& Uq~qud{did}jd ~ Zd~djuqcj`&}azuaj{nxdiac{a3 znc tqa u`} jna}{` az{` zad qc uajdk`& uqaz iqjl`z ka f`z

ldffdg`z d}tqa`fgnj`z lajl`z ac f`z f{ni`z d`z& zad u`} a}}`} ` azu}n{q ka

uqmfnjnkdk& ldc jdk` ac zaiaodc{a jdz`& tqa kazuqz ka {`k` az knzjqfudmfa ac

f`z a|{}dcoa}`z tqa {}ùnadc j`c fd za}nd knhnjqf{dk ka k`z facgqdz tqa aff`z c`

j`c`jac# Mackn{`z zadc f`z m`ztqaz ~ f`z fqgd}az `fxnkdk`z tqa c`z kqufnjdc fdz

}qncdz u}aj`fìmncdz###

[aff` oqg ncdkajqdk` af cìm}a ka Jdzdffdo{d ~ {}dz dg`{d} zqz

nckdgdjn`caz ac{}a f`z idka}a}`z ka fd `cd& dz jì` f`z zazac{d ~ {dc{`z

ua`caz tqa {}dmdod}`c mdo` zqz }kacaz& unkn tqa f`z inaim}`z ka fd

a|uaknjnc uacz}di`z ac ji` ldm}d ka ffdid}za dtqaf fqgd} tqa c` a}d

jnqkdk cn uqamf` ac fd tqam}dkd& znc` qc {aiuf` j`c qcd azuajna ka jnqkdkafd ~



qc mqac cia}` ka jnz{a}cdz df ud}aja}

ud}d fdxd} ia{dfaz#

Fd zqgaz{nc kahncn{nxd hqa fd kaf

d}tqaf`g` k`j{`} Oqfn` Azuao` Catqa za acdi`} ka qcd hf`}& fd

-Lqnd~lqd~cd))u`}iac`}az jq}n`z`z

tqa c` uqak` kaod} ka }aha}n}f`z u`}tqa

f`z acjqac{}` kngc`z ka iacjnc))#

Ua}` {df c` hqa {`k`& znc` tqa& d{dck` jdm`z& af zdmn` kakqo` tqa a}d af cìm}a

tqa iao`} fa nmd c` zf` u`} zq jdc{d}nc` djac{` cd{nx`& znc` u`}tqa jqdck` af

=: ka dg`z{` ka 4>;= dmdck`cdi`z cqaz{}` jdiudiac{` ncz{dfdk` af kd

dc{a}n`} ac ^qcjdud{d ac k`cka tqakd}`c fdm`}dck` dfgqc`z ka cqaz{}`z

jìuda}`z& af k`j{`} [aff`& Iaod \azzua ~ ~`& uaca{}di`z df m`ztqa dfhdcoa

ac idc` ~ fd niu}aznc tqa a|ua}niac{di`z hqa ka dzìm}`# Fdz }qncdz az{d)

mdc azj`cknkdz mdo` qc m`ztqa kacz` ~ `zjq}`& ~ ac iakn` ka fd zaczdjnc

iafdcjfnjd tqa az{` u}`kqjd& zqz iq}`z ka xa}ka jfd}` tqa za ldffdmdc

}adfiac{a h`}}dk`z u`} qcd g}qazd jdud ka iqzg` z`m}a fd tqa hf`}ajdc fdz}`zdkdz Lqnd~lqd~cdz& {acdc qc acjdc{` tqa hdzjncdmd# Iz {d}ka df tqakd}

{`{dfiac{a fniun` af a|{acz` ua}ia{}` d}tqa`fgnj`& {`k` ud}ajd dfg` dz

jì` qc hdc{z{nj` jdz{nff` aknhnjdk` z`m}a qc dm}qu{` azu`fc kazka af jqdf za

xad dff ja}jd qcd u}ajn`zd jdzjdkd ~ u`} dmdo` af }ndjlqaf` ka J`}nlqd~}djlncd

~ iz df h`ck` af hdi`z` Xnfjdc`{d ` }` zdg}dk` ka f`z ncjdz# [aff` za udzidmd

df uaczd} ac ji` dz u`kdc ldma}za zdfxdk` dtqaffdz }qncdz ka fd kaz{}qjjncd uazd} ka f`z jqd{}`jnac{`z ~ {dc{`z d`z {}dczjq}}nk`z ka zqz f{ni`z kdz ~ c`

`mz{dc{a ka ldma} j}ajnk` dff gngdc{azj`z }m`faz tqa za knzuq{dmdc {a}}ac`#

Ud}ajd ldma} znk` faxdc{dkd d~a}& ldz{d f`z iònca{az az{dmdc jì` zn zf`

azua}d}dc f`z {n}dc{az ud}d j`f`j}zafaz f`z {ajl`z ~ {acdc u`} ddknkq}d



{}`jn{`z ka jd}mc acjnid& f` jqdf ldjd uaczd} tqa Lqnd~ Lqd~cd ldmd znk`

ncjackndkd& ua}` dl az{dmd a}gqnkd d uazd} ka f`z zngf`z ~ kaf ncjackn` tqa

kamn ldma}fd j`czqink`# A}d uqaz qcd `m}d a{a}cd gaca}`zdiac{a `fxnkdkd ~

jq~dz u`z{}nia}dz dzjqdz u`kdc }ahqfgn} azufcknkdiac{a zn za azjqjldmd afffdidk` ka dtqaf xnao` didq{d tqa fa mqzjdmd qc cìm}a u`{nj`# Dl az{dmdc

fdz }qncdz mfdcjdz ~a{a}cdiac{a oxacaz& znaiu}a oxacaz# C` ldmd jqaz{nc&

za ffdid}d Lqnd~ Lqd~cd& znaiu}a o`xac jì` tqna}a kajn} af cìm}a ka

dtqaffdz hf`}az `}tqnkjadz tqa fd jqm}dc#

^ jqdck` jdzn k`z iazaz kazuqz ka fdm`}d} nc{aczdiac{a ac dtqaf fqgd}

hdzjncdc{a c`z acjdincdi`z d Idjlq Unjjlq& acjdc{dk`z fd xni`z kazka dmdo`&

kazka fd fcad kaf ha}}`jd}}nf Jqzj`)Zdc{d Dcd# Af ahaj{` a}d idgchnj`# Fd

mfdcjq}d ka zqz iq}`z c`z kdmd fd niu}aznc ka qc hdc{z{nj` jdz{nff` jì` af

ka f`z jqac{`z ka ldkdz# Ud}ajd jì` u}acknk` ac f`z dm}qu{`z uadzjdfaz#

Tq j`zd {dc zncgqfd}$ Tq azuaj{jqf` {dc j`f`zdf ~ az{quack` ud}d {`k`

dtqaf tqa {acgd qc u`j` ka zacznmnfnkdk$ Ud}d af {q}nzi`& u`}tqa z`m}a {`k`&

tq j`zd {dc knz{nc{d d Idjlq Unjjlq ~ tqnz ldz{d zqua}n`} ac az{{njd3 ac fd

d}i`cd ~ fd maffad ka zqz fcadz# Ua}`### la dl tqa dud}{a ka f`z nch`}iaz kafd A|uaknjnc Wacca} G}ac ~ f`z az{qkn`z kaf zdmn` [aff`& f` kaiz hqa ajldk`

ac zdj` }`{`& niu`}{ qc }mdc`# Az zacznmfa j`chazd}f`& ua}` az fd xa}kdk#

Lqnd~ Lqd~cd hqa dmz`}mnkd `{}d xa u`} af m`ztqa c` `mz{dc{a tqa af

hdi`z` dc{}ùf`g` ua}qdc` ac zq dhc ka tqa c` za `jqf{dza& idc{qx` dff qc

uac kq}dc{a xd}n`z iazaz& af tqa fqjldck` j`c fd idfad tqa m}`{dmd {qunkd

uqk` zaim}d} g}dzz ac xd}n`z dckacaz ldz{d tqa za dg`{d}d af knca}` tqaj`czngqn af dc{}ùf`g` j`c aza hnc jfdidck` j`c{}d fd ncknha}acjnd& ~

uaczdck` z`m}a {`k` ac fdz hqa}{az zqidz ka knca}` tqa zngcnhnjd}d zq cqaxd

kah`}az{djnc#


11/16

Aknjnc? Fnj# Gndcjd}f` Gdffag`z Ua}df{d =545 # gndcjd}f`#gdffag`zEgidnf#j`i
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]



Xd~dc dl`}d d tqa}a} j`c{aiufd} Lqnd~ Lqd~cd& qc kacz` m`ztqa faz

ja}}d} af udz` ~ uaca{}d} jac ia{}`z kd} fd zaczdjnc ka qc bnfia{}` ka

uac`zd jdincd{d#

Tqnc zdma zn cqaz{}`z }ai`{`z kazjacknac{az uqakdc axdfqd} kamnkdiac{a{`kdz fdz z`ma}mndz }qncdz knzua}zdz d f` fd}g` ka cqaz{}` a|{acz` ~ hdzjncdc{a

{a}}n{`}n` ~ uqakdc za} aff`z f`z tqa fdz kahnackdc udfi` d udfi`& ~d tqa z`c af

xng`}`z` dja}m` ka cqaz{}d jqf{q}d ~ cqaz{}d cdjn`cdfnkdk ` ~d u`}tqa z`c af

}acgfc u}`inz`}n` kaf {q}nzi`#



NIUNKNACK@ QCD IQA][A

Af =1 ka dg`z{` ka 4>;= az{}acmdi`z cqaz{}d fd}gd jl`d j`cz{}qnkd dff

k`cka aiuadmd af m`ztqa kac{}` kaf jqdf za ldffdmdc fdz }qncdz ka Lqnd~

Lqd~cd# Fd c`jla a}d jfd}znid& znka}df ~ {}dctqnfd ~ c`z ldmdi`z dj`z{dk`jì` ka j`z{qim}a d fdz zna{a# Ua}` d fdz 45& jqdck` {`k`z k`}idc

ufjnkdiac{a& zagqd ~` kazuna}{`& `~ack` af az{}nkqfd} ka f`z g}nff`z ~

}ajdun{qfdck` }ajqa}k`z u`}tqa a}d xzua}d ka qc jqiufad`z# Tqncja incq{`z

iz {d}ka& qc faodc` ~ ud{{nj` g}n{` ka dcgqz{nd }dzg af znfacjn` ka fd c`jla

u}`f`cgck`za ac af aj` ka dtqaf ud}doa z`fn{d}n`# A}d cd{q}df tqa fd tqna{qk za

{`}cdza zmn{diac{a ac ``m}d#

)Inza}nj`}knd& za`}0###

Fd niu}aznc ia kao az{{nj` ~ znc u`ka} a|ufnjd}ia tq j`zd a}d f` tqa

`jq}}d# ^ {}dz aza g}n{` za hqa}`c zqjaknack` `{}`z& ~d ac jdz{affdc` ` ~d ac

tqajlqd# F` cnj` tqa ac{ackd a}d af qfqfd} ac jdz{affdc`& ka dff tqa c`

jìu}ack {`k` f` tqa ac qc jìnac` za u`kd ac{acka} ~d tqa af jfdi`} nmd

j}ajnack`# Ia tqak ac zqzuacz` mqac }d{` dc{az ka udzd} fd x` d inz

jìuda}`z# Ua}` jì` af jfdi`}a` hqa djac{qck`za ~ u}`c{` za j`cxa}{d acqcd ncha}cdf mqffd dqctqa knz{dc{a& ua}` jfd}d& f`z kaiz a|uaknjn`cd}n`z hqa}`c

kazua}{ck`za z`m}azdf{dk`z#

F`z dfd}nk`z u}`xacdc kaf jdiudiac{` ka ^qcjdud{d& iz ` iac`z d qc

bnfia{}` ka knz{dcjnd zqmnack` u`} fd zackd tqa c`z jìqcnjdmd& ua}` iz

ja}jd ac fcad }aj{d& uqaz c`z zaud}dmd qcd tqam}dkd# Dff za ldmdc ncz{dfdk`

f`z `m}a}`z ffagdk`z aza kd ka Lqd}`j`ck` ~ @ffdc{d~{dim` ud}d u}`jaka} d fdkah`}az{djnc ka Lqnd~ Lqd~cd#

Ua}`& tq j`zd a}d f` tqa `jq}}d ac dtqaf fqgd} ~ d azdz l`}dz0 C` f`

zdmdi`z cn u`kdi`z a|ufnjd}c`z# F` cnj` tqa u`} aza iìac{` zdmdi`z

a}d tqa uakdc inza}nj`}knd ~ ka fd {a}}nmfa niu}aznc tqa c`z jdqzdmdc fdz



m}`cjdz ~ kazazua}dkdz x`jaz dkqf{dz# A}d }adfiac{a d{a}}dk`}d ~ u`}

j`czngqnac{a qc l`ck` az{dk` ca}xn`z` za du`ka} ka jdzn {`k`z c`z`{}`z#

Ka u}`c{` dfgqc`z g}n{`z iz ua}jau{nmfaz dqiac{d}`c cqaz{}d niu}aznc#

)Od{d}jlnz$ ### Od{d}njlnz$ ### ,Faxc{acza& faxc{acza.#)Ua}` tq j`zd uqaka `jq}}n}faz$ )jìac{ niu}azn`cdk` af a{cf`g`#

Jdzn {`k`z ajldi`z cqaz{}dz jqjld}dkdz ac af dzqc{`& ua}`& zagc fa` in

knd}n`& fdz ka u`j`z dc`{#

)Tqnz& k`j{`}& dfgqc`z ldm}c znk` unjdk`z u`} fdz xm`}dz tqa {dc{`

dmqckdc u`} dj) }auqz` Oacd}` Hd}hc#

)C`& c`& c` ia ud}aja) }aufnj Iaod \azzua) dff unkac inza}nj`}knd j`c

kazazua}djnc& dfg` g}dxa faz udzd# Tqnz qcd idcdkd ka uqidz f`z az{

d{djdck`& u`}tqa aff`z {nacac m`ztqaz jdzn u`} {`k`z f`z fdk`z###

Z& c` u`kd za} `{}d j`zd tqa qcd idcdkd ka uqidz# Fd zqu`znjnc ka

Iaod \azzua a}d fd iz fgnjd# H}dcjdiac{a j}a` tqa {`k`z {qxni`z inak` df

uaczd} ac f`z uqidz& iz zn cdkna {acd zntqna}d qc j`}{dufqidz ud}d ka)

hacka}c`z& uqaz c` jd}gmdi`z d}idz d c` za} qc dfhdcoa }ì` j`c af jqdf c`z

dm}di`z jdinc` ac af i`c{a#Ac{}a{dc{` af ud{{nj` qfqfd} zagqd ffacdck` fd tqam}dkd ~ a}d {dc

}aua{nk` ~ j`c{ncq` tqa ud}ajd tqa {`kd fd ua`cdkd niua{}dmd j`c

kazazua}djnc ~ znc kazjdcz` fd inza}nj`}knd knxncd# Af mnfncga g}n{a}` za

ldmd lajl` uqaz ~d iq~ j`chqz`#

)Zn az{` zngqa& ia iqa}`0 C` uqak` zù`}{d}$) fd x` kaf dcjndc`

jnac{hnj`#)K`j{`}$ )nc{a}xnc` cqaxdiac{a Oacd}` Hd}hc)# Tqnz ld ldmnk` qc

{aimf`} hqa}{a tqa c` f` lai`z zac{nk` ~ za ld jdk` af iq}` ka fd {a}}dd

k`cka ldc lajl` zq }didkd### u`}tqa d~a} tqa az{qxa ac af Jqzj` za znc{na}`c

jqd{}` {aimf`}az#



Az{d zqu`znjnc fd {ìd}`c aff`z jì` u}`mdmfa ~d tqa kq}dc{a fd c`jla

dc{a}n`}& ahaj{nxdiac{a& zac{ni`z qc {aimf`}# Ua}` fd }ajldj ~d tqa ~` ldmd

az{dk` kazuna}{` kazka tqa c`z dj`z{di`z ~ c` ldmd zac{nk` cn af iz faxa

i`xninac{` ka {na}}d# Tqak uqaz znaiu}a ac una ka tqa {`k` u`kd za}`}ngncdk` u`} af d{dtqa ka qcd idcdkd ka uqidz# C` ldffdi`z `{}d jdqzd#

Ua}` ac az`z ncz{dc{az& Akqd}k` La}}a}d& qc cn` ka {}aja d`z cd{q}df ka

@ffdc{d~{dim`& df jqdf af d}tqaf`g` ln` tqa kq}ina}d ac cqaz{}d jl`d

kdkd zq akdk ~ u`}tqa za jìudkajd ka dtqaff`z tqa iq~ {aiu}dc` {acdc

tqa mqzjd}za fd xnkd& ldmf ka }auac{a& uqaz ldmd knz{ncgqnk` ac{}a fd

x`jncgfa}d tqa c`z {}d{dmdc ka la}aoaz ~ tqa zdfn}di`z u`}tqa ka `{}` i`k`

c`z nmdc d jda} unak}dz acjnid#

)Z& az{`z zqua}z{njn`z`z uqakac d{djd}c`z) }auqz` af zdmn`) u`}tqa faz kd

inak` {}dmdod} ac fdz }qncdz#

@} tqa c`z nmdc d jda} unak}dz ~ tqa u`kdc d{djd}c`z& c`z ln` zdf{d} ka

fd jdid& j}a` tqa {`k`z c`z xaz{ni`z ac qc zdc{ndic& iac`z af a{cf`g` tqa

znc aimd}g` j`c{ncqdmd ac zq m`fzd ka k`}in}# Zdfni`z dfgqc`z fnz{`z d

kahacka}c`z j`c f`z u`j`z udf`z tqa u`} dff {acdi`z# Hafniac{a d qc`z xanc{a ia{}`z jìacdmd af m`ztqa ac af jqdf ac f{ni` jdz` u`kdi`z

nc{a}cd}c`z ~ lqn} hjnfiac{a#

)Zn az{` kq}d kna incq{`z iz& ia iqa}`$)kno` af zdmn`#

)C` ldgdc jdz` d az{`z nckn`z) z`c iq~ id`z`z )md}do af k`j{`}

Idcqaf Jlxa Mdffc& df ud}aja} z`zuajldck` fd jdqzd#

)Aza Maod}$ )kno` Akqd}kn{` ka u}`c{` ~ mdz{dc{a kazdg}dkdk`)& az f tqaaz{ knjnack` tqa g}n{ac& az{`~ znc{nack` zq x`) za }aha}d d qc `m}a}`

`ffdc{a` ldmfdc{c ~ iq~ kdk` d fdz m}ìdz# ^ la dff tqa Akqd}kn{`&

}aj`}kdck` znc kqkd af u`}tq ka tqa f`z nckn`z zq}a`z g}n{dc dz ka {naiu`

ac {naiu`& in} d fd Fqcd ~ c`z ln` dkxa}{n} tqa za ncnjndmd qc ajfnuza& af


16/16

jqdf }azqf{ dfg` dz jì` qc mfzdi` tqa c`z {}dctqnfn ncz{dc{cadiac{a#

[dc{`z iazaz ldjd tqa c` fadi`z ua}nknj`z& tqa ~d ngc`}mdi`z tqa

dtqaffd c`jla {acdi`z ajfnuza#

F`z nckn`z zq}a`z& u`} zq ud}{a& j`cza}xdck` fdz j}aacjndz ka f`z dc{ngq`z

ua}qdc`z& ka? tqa ac jdz`z zaiaodc{az fd Fqcd az d{djdkd u`} qc za} idfhnj`&

ldjdc mqffd ~ uakdc inza}nj`}knd ud}d dlq~ac{d}f` axn{dck` dz tqa id{dza d

fd -Idid Tqnffd-# Af dzqc{` c` a}d qc zaj}a{` ud}d f`z ka dtqaffdz }agn`caz

u`}tqa ac f`z df}akak`}az kaf inzi` Jqzj` c` hdf{dmdc dfd}nk`z ~ g`fuaz kafd{d& c` {dc{` u`}tqa j}adc tqa fd Fqcd za iqa}a 3 znc` zniufaiac{a u`} ffd)

id} fd d{acjnc#

Qcd xa tqa Iaod \azzua ~ Azuao` Ca zdjd}`c fdz fnc{a}cdz ~ faz

lnjna}`c zadz g}n{ck`faz ac tqajlqd& tqa c` hqa}dc {`c{`z& jì` zn tqakd}dc

zd{nzhajl`z ka ldma}c`z lajl` faxdc{d}& fd ua`cdkd za jdfi ~ z`m}axnc` af

znfacjn`# Df kd zngqnac{a af a{cf`g` k qcd hnfunjd df ncz{ngdk`} ~ d f`z kaiztqa& dxa}g`cdk`z& za hqa}`c jdinc` d zq jdiudiac{`#

La}cc U`cja Zcjla15 Dcjk`{dz kaf Zdmn` [affÀkn{`}ndf Fnm}a}d FD QCNXA]ZNKDK Fnid Ua}#Ugncdz 4>Af Fnm}` `}ngncdf za {a}inc` ka niu}nin} af kd 4< ka c`xnaim}a ka 4>17#

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