cultivo de la pitaya - fruttmac.com
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Jornadas TécnicasLos frutales tropicales, una opción para la diversificación.
La Aldea de San Nicolás. Gran Canaria23/24 marzo de 2021
CULTIVO DE LA PITAYAClemente Méndez Hernández
Servicio Técnico de Agricultura y Desarrollo RuralCabildo Insular de Tenerife
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2004
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2005 2006
2008 2010
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H. undatus
H. triangularis H. hybridum
JC 01 JC 02 JC 03
JC 05 H. purpusii
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JC 01 REINA JC 02 VOLCÁNH. purpusii
PÚRPURAH. undatusARENA
H. hybridumDRAGÓN
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Problemática de la polinización
En general, no autogamia ni alogamia entre una misma variedad.
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Problemática de la polinización
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JC 01 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Total del ensayo
Dador de polen Pol Rec Pol Rec Pol Rec Pol Rec Pol Rec Pol Rec %
Autopoli D. 10 0 10 0 0,0
Autopoli I. 10 0 10 0 0,0
JC01 4 2 15 11 18 3 37 16 43,2
JC02 3 0 11 5 14 5 35,7
JC03 4 2 10 7 4 4 18 13 72,2
JC05 20 14 20 14 70,0
H. undatus 15 13 15 13 86,7
H. purpusii 5 4 10 6 15 10 66,7
H. hybridum 10 8 10 8 80,0
H. triangularis 15 13 10 9 25 22 88,0
174 101 58,05Dador de polen % polinización posibles % frutos obtenidos % flores polinizadas con éxito
Autopoli D. 100,0 0,0 0,0
Autopoli I. 100,0 0,0 0,0
JC01 100,0 43,2 43,2
JC02 98,7 35,7 35,3
JC03 33,1 72,2 23,9
JC05 75,2 70,0 52,6
H. undatus 13,8 86,7 12,0
H. purpusii 79,4 66,7 52,9
H. hybridum 29,9 80,0 23,9
H. triangularis 57,9 88,0 51,0
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JC 01
n
Peso fruto (g) Peso cáscara (g)
Polen procede Ū ± ds Ū ± ds
JC01 15 499,5 186,7 b 166,8 62,9 abc
JC02 4 638,8 171,5 ab 183,8 43,3 abc
JC03 13 542,2 211,8 b 153,1 39,3 abc
JC05 7 571,4 124,9 b 207,8 33,5 a
H. undatus 12 329,5 128,8 c 122,0 37,0 bcd
H. purpusii 10 467,4 257,2 b 143,0 65,2 bcd
H. hybridum 8 753,9 147,2 a 110,5 s.d. cde
H. triangularis 20 305,8 203,0 c 103,4 57,5 de
Libre 92 176,8 87,7 d 81,2 35,8 e
14,9/
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𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 = 𝑓𝑟𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑠/𝑚2 × 𝑝𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜/𝑓𝑟𝑢𝑡𝑜 ×𝑘𝑔
1000𝑔×10000𝑚2
ℎ𝑎= 19.735 𝑘𝑔/ℎ𝑎
4,25 x 2 m
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Dador de polen % flores polinizadas con éxito Peso medio (g) Producción (kg/ha) Total Kg/ha
Autopoli D. 0,00 0,00 0 0
Autopoli I. 0,00 0,00 0 0
JC01 43,24 499,5 19.735 46.965
JC02 35,25 638,8 20.573 37.518
JC03 23,90 542,2 11.843 50.520
JC05 52,64 571,4 27.483 57.224
H. undatus 11,96 329,5 3.601 16.908
H. purpusii 52,94 467,4 22.608 54.820
H. hybridum 23,92 753,9 16.477 77.917
H. triangularis 50,95 305,8 14.237 19.003
Libre 8,30 176,8 1.341
0
5.000
10.000
15.000
20.000
25.000
30.000
Año 1 Año 2 Año 3 Año 4
kg/ha
JC01 JC02
JC03 JC05
H. undatus H.purpusii
H. hybridum H. triangularis
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POLINIZACIÓN MANUAL
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RIEGO Y ABONADO
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Eliminar riego cuando se
vayan a recolectar frutos de
H. hybridum e H. purpusii.
Construcción de doslisímetros de drenaje y locomparábamos con untanque clase A colocadoen el interior delinvernadero.
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FISIOPATÍAS
Cavidad calicina
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Riegos por semana Litros semana Litros mes
Enero 1 5 22
Febrero 1 5 20
Marzo 2 10 89
Abril 2 11,5 99
Mayo 2 13 115
Junio 2 16 137
Julio 2 16 142
Agosto 2 16 142
Septiembre 2 13 111
Octubre 2 11,5 102
Noviembre 1 10 43
Diciembre 1 5 22
Año 1.044
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Abonado.
Mantuvimos lo indicado en Israel, pero modificándolo y adaptándolo a nuestras condiciones.
Subíamos la CE inicial del agua en 150-200 dS/cm según fuese invierno o verano manteniendo un equilibrio de:
N P2O5 K2O CaO
1 0,22 1,5 0,4
Abonar muy poco, aplicando potasa cuando comience la floración y tras la cosecha disminuirla mucho.
Si se quieren frutos dulces es imprescindible elevar la potasa a los niveles indicados en Israel.
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PLAGAS Y ENFERMEDADES
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Fotos remitidas por AnaGarrido, el jueves 9 de marzode 2017.
En Tenerife sufrimos lamisma enfermedad conpitaya amarilla. No atacabacladodio con tanta virulencia.
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Miriápodos, ¿Dolichoiulus canariensis?
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Ratas y ratones
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Pulgones
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Pudrición acuosa del cladodio, Enterobateria
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Pudrición acuosa del cladodio, Atracnosis.
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Fusicoccum spp. anamorfo de Botryosphaeriadothidea, ojo de pescado
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Phytium spp., pudrición de tallo
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Bipolaris cativora, pudrición blanda
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Virosis, Cactus Virus 2, X ???
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SISTEMAS DE ENTUTORADO
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SISTEMAS DE ENTUTORADO
10 DE ENERO DE 2010
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Recolección
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ENSAYO 2019
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ENSAYO 2020
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Pitahaya Production, Research
and Industry Update for California
Vegetable Crops Program Team Meeting
Davis, CA
December 5, 2016
Ramiro Lobo, Gary Tanizaki, Jose Fernandez de Soto, Jose Aguiar UC CooperativeExtension, San Diego, Ventura & Riverside Cos.
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Variedades rojas Nº Frutos Peso medio Frutos >370 g ºBrix Ini-fin
Lisa 16 280,2 4 14,7 13-Ago/13-Nov
Morrocan Red 46 462,6 35 14,2 9-Ago/9-Nov
Red Jania 36 383,6 22 13,7 6-Ago/13-Nov
Royal Red 44 414,3 24 14,4 6-Ago/9-Nov
Variedades blancas Nº Frutos Peso medio Frutos >370 g ºBrix Ini-fin
Golden Yellow 25 151,2 0 13,0 21-Sep/27-Nov
Korean White 29 413,5 16 13,5 13-Ago/13-Nov
Seoul Kitchen 0
Thai White 14 313,3 4 15,5 9-Oct/17-Dic
Vietnam King White 18 415,5 9 13,0 6-Ago/13-Nov
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Variedades fuccias Nº Frutos Peso medio Frutos >370 g ºBrix Ini-fin
Dark Star 5 145,6 0 132, 20-Ago/14-Dic
Halley´s Comet 3 232,1 0 - 20-Nov-27-Nov
Physical Garffiti 6 234,8 0 15,3 21-Sep/17-Dic
Purpel Haze 8 255,2 1 14,3 27-Ago/17-Nov
Variedades Rosas Nº Frutos Peso medio Frutos >370 g ºBrix Ini-fin
Caribean Pink 18 304,6 6 15,7 13-Ago/27-Dic
Delight 9 215,4 1 14,1 13-Ago/27-Nov
Natural Mystic 47 393,2 24 12,7 6-Ago/9-Nov
María Rosa 7 406,8 3 16,8 13-Ago/17-Dic
TLM Pink 32 234,5 5 15,8 13-Ago/27-Nov
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Lisa (H. polyrhizus).
•Red-fleshed fruit with better than average flavor, large size; most productive of all red-
fleshed Nicaraguan cultivars.
•Origin: Nicaragua.
•Fruit: oval; medium large, 465 g; skin red; rind thick, with a smooth, velvety feel, hence
the name Lisa ‘‘Smooth’’; flesh dark red, very firm; quality better than average, 17.02 Brix;
44 days from bloom to harvest in Southern California; harvest late June to late December
or January.
•Plant: stems intermediate in thickness and length; mature stems grayish green; areoles
have 3-5 spines, 3-7 mm long, usually arranged in a circular pattern; segment between
areoles slightly convex, 23mm long; flowers largest of all, petals white, calyx yellow, with
shades of red on the edges, anthers and stigma lobes bright yellow;
•Tolerance to cold and heat better than average; commercial potential excellent.
*Captions from: Register of New Fruit and Nut Cultivars List 48. HortScience Vol.51(6) June 2016.
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Delight (Hylocereus sp.).
Pinkish-white- or light-pink-fleshed fruit with excellent flavor, well suited for backyard
cultivation.
Origin: bred and selected by Paul Thomson in San Diego County, early 1980s. Fruit: oval;
medium, 371 g, ideal for marketing; quality excellent; flesh light pink or pinkish-white, seeds
small; rind greenish red, of intermediate thickness; bracts short, scattered; 18.08 Brix; 41 days
from bloom to harvest in Southern California; harvest late June tomid-December.
Plant: very vigorous, stems triangular, with 3 well defined ridges; stems intermediate in
thickness and length, very straight, green when mature; areoles have 1-3 thin spines, 1-3 mm
long; segment between areoles convex, 43.3 mm long; flowers intermediate, petals white,
calyx yellowish, anthers and stigma lobesyellow;
Tolerance to cold and heat slightly better than average; does relatively well in full sun;
commercial potentialgood.
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Halley’s Comet (Hylocereus sp.).
• Pink-fleshed fruit with excellent flavor; closely related to Physical Graffiti, but not as vigorous
or productive.
• Origin: Paul Thomson, San Diego County, CA, early1980s.
• Fruit: round; large, 482 g; flesh hot pink, seeds small; rind bright red, relatively thin, with an
intermediate number of bracts; quality very good, 16.7 Brix; rated high in sensory evaluations; 38
days from bloom to harvest in Southern California; harvest July through December.
• Plant: stems intermediate in thickness, with 3 well defined ridges; stems relatively straight when
mature, dark green; areoles have 1-3 spines, 2-4 mm long; segment between areoles convex, 53.6
mm long; flowers intermediate, petals white, calyx yellowish green, anthers and stigma lobes yellow;
• Tolerance to cold and heat good; grows well in full sun; commercial potentialgood.
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Physical Graffiti (Hylocereus sp.).
• Vigorous, very productive, pink-fleshed fruit with excellent flavor, most preferred and widely
planted in Southern California.
• Origin: Paul Thomson, San Diego County, CA, early1980s.
• Fruit: oblong; medium, 374 g; flesh hot pink, seeds small; rind bright red, relatively thin, with few
bracts; quality excellent, 17.93 Brix, rated highest in sensory evaluation; 40 days from bloom to
harvest in Southern California; harvest July to December.
• Plant: very vigorous; stems thick, short, curvy, dark green, with 3 well-defined ridges; canopy
management critical to keep this plant productive and to prevent overcrowding; areoles with 1- 3
conic spines 1-3 mm long; segment between areoles convex, 46.5 mm long; flowers long and
narrow, tubular, petals white, calyx light green, anthers light yellow, stigma lobes lime green;
• Tolerance to cold and heat good; grows very well in full sun; commercial potential excellent.
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Seoul Kitchen (H. undatus).
• White-fleshed, pinkish-red-skinned fruit with large fruit of marginal quality;
vigorous, strong and prolific bloomer with longer fruiting season than other white
fleshed cultivars.
• Origin: Florida, similar to George.
• Fruit: round; large, 518 g; flesh firm, white; skin thick, pinkish red, with
numerous short, compact bracts; quality marginal; 12.18 Brix; 41 days from
bloom to harvest in Southern California; harvest mid-July to December.
• Plant: stems thick and short; mature stems grayish green, with a striped pattern
that resembles zebra stripes; stems have clusters of spines arranged in a
circular pattern, 4-6 spines per cluster, 3-7 mm long; flowers long and narrow,
tubular, petals white, calyx light green, anthers light yellow, stigma lobes lime
green;
• Tolerance to cold and heat higher than average; usually grows well in full sun;
limited potential for commercial production, but valuable as a pollinizer.
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