cuarto y quinto

JORGE DIAZ ENGLISH TEACHER

USE OF: CAN

Can is a modal verb. It is used to express ability or to say that something is possible. It is the same for all subjects. We don't add an 'S' in the third person (like other verbs). Use can, when you ask someone to do things. Use 'can' to talk about 'possibility'.Allways use can with another verb.

I can = I know to do something. / I know that something is possible for me.

I can write a letter.

A) AFFIRMATIVE FORM: SUBJECT + CAN + MAIN VERB + COMPLEMENT

I can speak Spanish. (= it is possible for me to speak Spanish = I have the ability to speak Spanish)

He can swim well. We can see my neighbour in the garden. They can play the guitar. My nephew can fly a plane. You can understand French and German. You and I can make a delicious cake at home.B) NEGATIVE FORM: SUBJECT + CAN + NOT + MAIN VERB + COMPLEMENT

To form the negative we add "not" after can to form one word: cannot. We can also contract the negative to form can't. (Can’t = cannot)

I cannot play the piano. We can't go to the cinema

tonight.

She cannot speak French very well.

He can't drive a car.

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POSITIVE STATEMENT NEGATIVE STATEMENTI can speak English I can't speak EnglishHe can run very vest You can't run very fastHe can sit in the garden He can't sit in the gardenShe can come with us She can't come with usIt can jump to the other side It can't jump to the other sideWe can make delicious cakes We can't make delicious cakesYou can pass the exam You can't pass the examThey can draw pictures They can't draw pictures

http://first-english.org/english_learning/grammar_help/verbs_help.htm


C) QUESTIONS FORM: CAN + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB + COMPLEMENT?

To from the question we change the position of the subject and the auxiliary verb. The main verb is still in the infinitive without to.

Can the students buy an ice-cream?

Can I go to the party, please?

Can you speak Japanese?

Can Doris do the homework on Saturday?

Remember that you can use short answers:

Can I sit here please? Yes, you can. Can you drive? Yes, I can.

Can you speak Chinese? No, I can't. Can you cook? No, I can’t

QUESTIONS SHORT FORMPOSITIVE

SHORT FORMNEGATIVE

Can I write a letter?Can you write a letter?Can he / she / it write a letter?Can we write a letter?Can you write a letter?Can they write a letter?

Yes, you can.Yes, I can.Yes, he / she can.Yes, you can.Yes we can.Yes they can.

No, you can't.No, I can't.No, he / she can't.No, you can't.No, we can't.No, they can't.

Can is an auxiliary verb, a modal auxiliary verb. We use can to:

talk about possibility and ability make requests

ask for or give permission

1. CAN: POSSIBILITY AND ABILITY: La habilidad o capacidad de personas / cosas

We use can to talk about what is possible, what we are able or free to do:

She can drive a car. John can speak Spanish. I can hear you. You Can play rock music. She can speak several languages. He can swim like a fish.

They can dance very well. Sarven can ride a bike. He can speak Japanese. I can play table tennis. We can cook. Paul and Ingrid can ski on the

mountain.

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No obstante, tambien se pueden realizar preguntas específicas utilizando las palabras "Wh-" vistas anteriormente.- Where can I go in Texas? (¿A dónde puedo ir en Texas?) You can go to the Plaza Mall. (Puedes ir a la Plaza Mall.)- What can I do there? (¿Qué puedo hacer ahí?) You can hang out with your friends. (Puedes pasar el rato con tus amigos.)- What else can I do there? (¿Qué más puedo hacer ahí?) You can meet interesting people. (Puedes conocer gente interesante.)- When can I go there? (¿Cuándo puedo ir ahí?) You can go there every day. (Puedes ir ahí todos los días.)- What things can I buy there? (¿Qué cosas puedo comprar ahí?) You can buy jewelry and clothes. (Puedes comprar joyería y ropa)- Where can I buy some apples? ¿Donde puedo comprar unas manzanas?

- When can you come to visit me? ¿Cuando puedes venir a visitarme?2. CAN: REQUESTS AND ORDERS

We often use can in a question to ask somebody to do something. This is not a real question - we do not really want to know if the person is able to do something, we want them to do it! The use of can in this way is informal (mainly between friends and family):

Examples:

Can you make a cup of coffee, please?

Can you put the TV on?

Can you come here a minute?

Can you be quiet?

Can you turn off the light?

Can you help me?

Can you tell me the way to the museum?

Can you come here a minute please?

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3. CAN: PERMISSION

We sometimes use “can” to ask or give permission for something:

A. Can I smoke in this room? You can't smoke here, but you can smoke in the garden.

B. We can go out whenever we want.C. Students can travel free.D. Can I ask a question, please?E. Can we go home now?F. Can I use your cell phone?G. Can I take a day off?H. Can I go out?

(Note: The use of can for permission is informal)

GENERAL EXAMPLES:

I can ride a horse. (ability) We can stay with my brother when we are in Paris. (opportunity)

She cannot stay out after 10 PM. (permission)

Can you hand me the English books? (request)

Any child can grow up to be president. (possibility)

GRAMMAR PRACTICE

Positive:

1. Catherine and Ann _____________________________ 4 songs. (to sing)2. Jake __________________________________ a book. (to read)3. Amy ___________________________________ her friend. (to meet)4. Our family _______________________________ England. (to visit)

Negative:

1. John _____________________________________________ a bike. (to ride)2. I ________________________________________________ this tree. (to climb)3. They _____________________________________________ 10 pounds. (to change)

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4. Our class _________________________________________ everything. (to understand)

GRAMMAR PRACTICE

I. COMPLETE WITH: CAN O CAN'T.

1. Where __________ I see a good rock concert?

2. Can Lisa speak French? No, she ____________ .

3. What _____________ you do?

4. Can Lucy drive? Yes, she ____________ .

5. Where ___________ I buy a new camera?

6. ______________ you read in Portuguese? Yes, I can.

7. Can I invite my friends? Yes, they ___________ come.

8. __________ you help me, please?

9. ___________ you play the piano?

10. I __________ find my keys. Where are they?

II. CHOOSE AND CIRCLE THE RIGHT ANSWER.

1. Can you drive?

Yes, I do. Yes, I can.

2. Can I go now?

Yes, you can. Yes, you are.

3. Can this computer do my homework?

No, you can't. No, it can't.

4. Can I help you?

Yes, please Yes, I can.

5. Can you help me?

Yes, you are. Yes, I can.

6. Can I go to the toilette?

No, you can't. Yes, I can.

7. Can Sheila stay at home?

Yes, she does. Yes, she can.

8. Can I go to the cinema?

No, you can't. No, you don't.

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III. LOOK AT THE PICTURES AND CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER.

1) Can he swim?

_______________________________

2) Can he play soccer?

________________________________

3) Can she draw? 4) Can he walk?

_________________________________ _____________________________

5) Can he drive a bus? 6) Can he see?

_____________________________ _______________________________

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7) Can she sing? 8) Can they cook?

__________________________ ____________________________

IV. MAKE STATEMENTS WITH: CAN – CAN’T.

The bird _______________________________

Donna ______________________________ tennis

Peter ____________________________________

My brother _______________________________

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The children _______________________________

Max __________________________________________

John _______________________________________

Alex ________________________________________

I ______________________________________ in the park

Greg ______________________________ football

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Robert _____________________________________

You ______________________________________

My cousin ____________________________________

V. ANSWER THE QUESTIONS BELOW WITH CAN or CAN’T.

1. Can you speak Spanish and English? ____________________________________________2. Can your sister play the guitar? _________________________________________________3. Can your father drive a car? ___________________________________________________4. Can buy a bottle of wine at a supermarket? _______________________________________5. Can a baby swim in the pool? __________________________________________________6. Can the children wear masquarades for Halloween? _________________________________7. Can your mother cook a cake? __________________________________________________8. Can the students answer all the exam? ___________________________________________9. Can the teacher speak seven languages? __________________________________________10. Can that woman jump? _______________________________________________________11. Can your camera take photos at night? ___________________________________________12. Can an elephant swim from Africa to Europe? _____________________________________13. Can I make for dinner? _______________________________________________________14. Can you fly an airplane? ______________________________________________________15. Can you drive a truck? _______________________________________________________16. Can you play the trumpet? ____________________________________________________

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MODAL VERBS: CAN / CAN’T (REVIEW)

1. We use ‘can’ to talk about ‘possibility’. POSIBILIDAD

Can you do that?

I can’t manage to do that.

You can leave your car in that parking space.

You cannot smoke in here.

* Notice that there are two negative forms: ‘can’t’ and ‘cannot’. These mean exactly the same thing. When we are speaking, we usually say ‘can’t’.

2. We use ‘can’ to talk about ‘ability’. PARA HABLAR DE UNA HABILIDAD

I can speak French. I can’t drive.

3. We use ‘can’ to ask for and give permission. (We also use ‘may’ for this but is more formal and much less common.) PARA PEDIR Y DAR PERMISO

Can I speak to you or are you too busy?

You can use my phone.

You can’t come in.

4. We use ‘can’ in offers, requests and instructions. OFRECIMIENTOS, PETICIONES E INSTRUCCIONES.

Can I help?

Can you give me a hand?

When you finish that, you can take out the garbage.

We use ‘can’ with ‘see’ ‘hear’ ‘feel’ ‘smell’ ‘taste’ to talk about something which is happening now. (Where you would use the present continuous with most other verbs.)

I can smell something burning.

Can you hear that noise?

I can’t see anything.

5. We can use ‘can’t’ for deduction. DEDUCCIÓN

You can’t be hungry. You’ve just eaten.

No puedes tener hambre. Acabas de comer.

He was in London one hour ago when I spoke to him. He can’t be here yet.

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Estaba en Lóndres hace una hora cuando hablé con él. No puede estar ya aquí.

DIALOGS:

Here you have some examples of the use of CAN / CAN’T in dialogues:

a) Can you play the piano?

Yes, a little. How about you?

No I can’t, but I can play the guitar.

b) Can you cook?

Not really. I can make toast and pasta, that’s all.

Everyone can make toast!

Well, can you cook?

Yes, I can. I can cook delicious fish and chicken.

Wow, that’s great.

c) So what can you do?

I can draw, and I can paint really well too. I can also speak English and Korean.

How about you?

I can play chess and I can write computer programs.

I can also speak English and Spanish.

Excellent!

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

I. ADD CAN OR CAN'T TO THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES.

Example: You can speak English.

1. Monkeys __________ talk.2. Pigs _____________fly.3. I __________ play the piano., but Cory can't.4. You ________ go on vacation. It's too expensive.5. ________I borrow some money?6. I don't know the answer. _________ you tell me?7. Tony ________come tonight, he's too busy.8. Jim makes great food. He ___________ cook really well.9. Excuse me, we _________see the movie.10. It's too noisy. We ______study well.

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CAN OR CAN’T

I CAN SKI ON THE ICE I CAN RUN VERY FAST

LIKES AND DISLIKES

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1) We use the present simple tense to talk about things we like, and people we like.

Example: I like pizza. Anna likes Amy’s Winehouse.

2) We use the present simple tense to talk about activities we enjoy doing.

Example: I like swimming. Ali enjoys skateboarding. (He enjoys skateboarding)

3) We use the present simple tense to talk about people and things we don't like.

Example: I don't like fast food. I don't like rude people.

THE VERBS “LIKE AND DISLIKE" CAN BE FOLLOWED BY A NOUN.

SUBJECT + LIKE / DISLIKE + NOUN

EXAMPLE:

I like apples

I like strawberries

SUBJECT LIKE NOUN

I

you

we

they

like

dislike

soccer

the beach

Mexican food

orange juice

he

she

it

likes

dislikes

music

chinese

food

milk

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THEY ALSO CAN BE FOLLOWED BY ANOTHER VERB.

SUBJECT + LIKE + VERB (ING) + COMPLEMENT

I like swimming I like dancing

I like Reading I like singing

I like... Me gusta(n)...I'm interested in... Me interesa(n)...I'm fond of... Me gusta(n)...

Para expresar que algo no nos gusta, se utilizan las siguientes frases:

En ambos casos, las expresiones son seguidas de un sustantivo o de un verbo en -ing (forma del gerundio).

I like dancing. Me gusta bailar.

I love learning English. Me encanta aprender inglés.

I'm fond of cooking. Me gusta cocinar.

I don't like playing video-games.No me gusta jugar a los videojuegos.

I hate writing letters.Odio escribir cartas.

I'm not interested in cinema.No me interesa el cine.

*If you don't like something

‘She doesn't like cooking very much.’

‘He's not very fond of doing the gardening.’ Pág 14

I hate... Odio...I dislike... No me gusta(n)I don't like... No me gusta(n)I'm not interested in... No me interesa(n)...

...reading leer

...computers las computadoras

...travelling viajar


‘I dislike wasting time.’

The table below shows how to form simple sentences to express likes and dislikes, using the present simple tense.

POSITIVE SENTENCESI

You

Amina

Johnny

The cat

We

They

like

like

likes

likes

likes

like

like

Chocolate.

Watching football.

TV soaps.

Rock music.

Fish.

Staying in.

Chinese food.

NEGATIVE SENTENCESI

You

She

He

It

We

They

don't

don't

doesn't

doesn't

doesn't

don't

don't

like

like

like

like

like

like

like

Curry.

Dancing.

Sport.

Jazz.

Dogs.

Going out.

English food.

* IF YOU LIKE SOMETHING

I like him (her) very much.

I like going to parties and meeting people.

I love eating ice-cream.

I adore sun-bathing.

She's fond of chocolate.

I like climbing mountains.

I don’t like people phoning (calling) me in the middle of the night.

I like swimming very much.

He likes going to the cinema.

I like cooking.

GRAMMAR PRACTICE

I. LOOK AT THE PICTURES AND COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE WORDS IN PARENTHESIS.

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1.- I …………………………………………………………… (Dancing, like, on weekends)

2. - The cheff doesn´t ……………………………………….…. (Cooking, American food, like)

3.- Peter …………………………………………………………...…. (Getting up, likes, late)

4.- He ……………………………………………………………. (His house, painting, dislikes)

5.- Simon …………………………………………………..……. (The guitar, playing, likes)

6.- I ……………………………………………………………….. (Fixing, dislike, my car)

7.- Frank …………………………………………………...… (Light cigarettes, likes, smoking)

8.- Charles …………………………………………………...……… (Calling, likes, his friends)

9.- My mother ………………………………….. (Dislikes, the dishes at night, washing)

10.- He …………………………………………….…… (Likes, swimming, in the Ocean)

HAVE TO (OBLIGATION)

Se usa preferentemente para hablar acerca de una obligación impuesta desde afuera, externa a nosotros. Usamos have to para obligaciones, por ejemplo normas y leyes.

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SUBJECT + (AUX) HAVE TO + VERB + COMPLEMENT

EXAMPLES:

In France, you have to drive on the right.

In England, most school children have to wear a uniform.

John has to wear a tie at work. We have to know daily what the

prices are.

Every day Robinson has to fax his opinion on the politics.

Children have to go to school. You have to stay here She has to go back home.

II.- NEGATIVE FORM:

SUBJECT + DO / DOES + NOT + HAVE TO + VERB + COMPLEMENT

I don´t have to work over time all the night you don´t have to learn English he/she/it doesn´t have to study for the monthly exam We don´t have to stay at home all the weekend they don´t have to be in the chemistry classMODAL VERB EXAMPLES

I you we they

don't have to

work do

clean eat

work

Go

be

I don't have to work on Saturday. You don't have to do that.

We don't have to clean the car. They don't have to eat pizza.

he she

itdoesn't have

to

He doesn't have to work tomorrow. She doesn't have to go today. It doesn't have to be that way.

GRAMMAR PRACTICE

I. - WRITE THE NEGATIVE FORM.

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1. He has to work in a bank...........................................................................................................

2. I have to work on Saturdays.......................................................................................................

3. They have to study a lot............................................................................................................

4. I have to feed the cat………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………..

5. He has to drunk a beer..............................................................................................................

6. They have to buy a

car…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

7. We have to clean a big house....................................................................................................

8. You have to come soon.............................................................................................................

9. We have a coffee......................................................................................................................

10. He has to live in Seville.............................................................................................................

11. She has to go to Paris...............................................................................................................

12. They have to see the

match......................................................................................................

13. He has to listen to

music...........................................................................................................

14. I have to go home early.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….…

15.- You and I have to study for the math exam.

……………………………………………………………….…………

16.- Those men have to work all the night.

………………………………………………………………………………….

17.- My parents have to travel to Europe next week.

………………………………………………………….………..

18.- Daniel has to rest more often

………………………………………………………………………………………………

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19.- The teacher has to explain the class again.

………………………………………………………………..…………

20.- We have to study for the next exam.

…………………………………………………………………………….………

II.- MAKE SENTENCES IN NEGATIVE FORM.

1.- …………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………….

2.-

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………….…

3.-

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………….….…

4.-

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………….…….…

5.-

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……….…….……

6.-

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…….…………….

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I HAVE TO STUDY FOR MY ENGLISH

EXAM


7.-

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……….………….

8.-

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………..

9.-

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………..

10.-

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………..

III.- INTERROGATIVE FORM:

Para preguntas se usa el verbo auxiliar do or Does +sujeto + have to + verbo infinitive.

AUX. (DO/DOES) + SUBJECT + HAVE TO + VERB + COMPLEMENT?

Do you have to travel around the world? Does he/she/it have to clean the room? Do we have to run in the beach? Do they have to answer all the exam?

EXAMPLES: Do you have to work everyday? (¿Tienes que trabajar todos los dias?) Does he have to Work everyday? (¿Tiene que trabajar todos los dias?)EXAMPLES: I have to work everyday. (Tengo que trabajar todos los dias) I don´t have to work everyday. (No tengo que trabajar todos los dias) Do you have to work everyday? (¿Tienes que trabajar todos los

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dias?) Does she have many friends? Yes she has many friends

GRAMMAR PRACTICE I. MAKE QUESTION.

1. ___________________________________________________________________________2. ___________________________________________________________________________3.____________________________________________________________________________4. ___________________________________________________________________________5. ___________________________________________________________________________6. ___________________________________________________________________________7. ___________________________________________________________________________8. ___________________________________________________________________________9. ___________________________________________________________________________10. __________________________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR PRACTICE

I. FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH "HAVE" OR "HAS"

1. I………………… buy a new bicycle.

2. You………………. Paint the old house.

3. Anna………………. Sell a big bag.

4. Silvia……………….. read an old book.

5. My mother…………… wear an old umbrella.

6. My friends……………. Use a new ball.

7. Susan…………………. Wear a pretty dress.

8. David………………… lend a good book.

9. Saul………………… cut his long hair.

10. Saida………………. Buy shorts.

11. The nurses……………….. wait long time.

12. The men…………………… fix big houses.

13. They…………………… drive an old car

14. He…………………. Clean the green car.

15. She………………. Sell the red car.

16. It…………… wear long ears.

17. My dog………………… run in the garden.

18. My cats……………………. Sleep on the floor.

19. We………………… see a lot of friends.

20. It…………………… eat a lot of food.

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II. COMPLETE: HAVE TO / HAS TO.

1. Today I ………………………….. finish my Geography project.

2. She …………………………… wait in line like everyone else.

3. All employees ………………………. be on time for work.

4. We ………………………….. forget to take the chicken out of the freezer.

5. If you are under 13 you ………………………….. get your parents' permission.

6. Your daughter ………………………….. try on a few different sizes.

7. The doctor ………………………………. get here as soon as he can.

8. Do you ………………………………….. work next weekend?

9. Bicyclists ……………………………….. remember to signal when they turn.

10. Angela, you ………………………… leave your clothes all over the floor like this.

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OBJECT PRONOUNS & SUBJECT PRONOUNS

Pronombres objetivos.- Cada persona de los pronombres personales indicados con anterioridad tiene su propio pronombre objetivo, este es el que usamos cuando la persona de la que se habla se usa como el objeto en una oración, de esta forma utilizaríamos:

Me (a mi)

Him (a él)

Her (a ella)

It (a ello)

Us (a nosotros)

You (a ti, a usted, a ustedes)

Them (a ellos

Es importante mencionar que el significado de estos pronombres en español está sujeto a cada oración en particular. En Ingles este tipo de pronombres van después del verbo en la oración para complementarlo o siguen a una preposición y la complementan. Ejemplos:

Look at me (Mírame a mi) I love her (Yo la amo a ella) Teach us a lesson (Ensénanos una lección) Use it well (Úsalo bien) Eat it (Cómetelo) Come with me (Ven conmigo)En ocasiones los verbos son seguidos por un objeto indirecto u objeto directo, en ese caso se pueden formar de dos formas las oraciones. SUBJECT + VERBO + OBJETO INDIRECTO + OBJ. DIRECTO

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I buy her a soda every day. (Le compro (a ella) una soda cada día).

SUBJECT + VERBO + OBJETO DIRECTO + OBJETO INDIRECTO

I buy a soda to her every day. (Le compro una soda (a ella) cada día.

A pronoun is the word that takes the place of the noun. The subject pronouns are the pronouns that are the subject of a sentence (I, you, he, she, it, we, they)

EXAMPLES:

1) Mary has a car ------> She has a car 2) Peter and I are happy -----> We are happy

THE 'OBJECT PRONOUNS' or complement pronouns are the pronouns used as a complement of the verb or after a preposition (me, you, him, her, it, us, them)

EXAMPLES:

1) Peter buys flowers for Lorena -----> Peter buys flowers for her2) I like those shoes -----> I like them

Después de un verbo I call her every day. Le llamo (a ella) todos los días.

Después de una preposición The present is for her. El regalo es para ella.

Don't confuse them with the possessive adjectives. The possessive adjectives are adjectives, so they come before a noun. The pronoun substitutes the noun, so they come alone.

EXAMPLES:

1) Possessive adjective: Tom and Bob live with their parents.2) Object pronoun: Tom and Bob live with them.

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GRAMMAR PRACTICE

I. WHICH BJECT FORM OF THE PERSONAL PRONOUN CAN SUBSTITUTE THE UNDERLINED PHRASE IN THE SENTENCE?

1) The teacher always gives the students homework.

a)me b) them c) you

2) I am reading the book to my little sister.

a) her b) us c) him

3) The boys are riding their bikes.

a) it b) them c) her

4) My father is writing a letter to John.

a) me b) her c) him

5) I don't know the answer.

a) she b) her c) it

6) Sally is going with Anne.

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http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_jhyHOjdV6Zc/S5EkNN2-mMI/AAAAAAAAAUM/Dx-gfLmSOfw/s1600-h/pronouns.png


a) her b) him c) me

7) Open the window, please.

a) it b) them c) us

8) Can you tell the people the way to the airport, please?

a) you b) them c) us

9) The books are for Peter.

a) him b) her c) you

10) Can you help my sister and me, please?

a) her b) me c) us

11) I can't see Mary. I can't see ________

a) him b) she c) her

12) Karen is next to Peter. Karen is next to ________

a) he b) him c) he

13) Can you help Peter and Ann? Can you help ________?

a) they b) you c) them

14) Drink your apple juice! Drink ________!

a) it b) its c) your

15) We are going to the cinema. Come with ________!

a) we b) them c) us

16) These are my bananas. You can't eat ________

a) they b) them c) it

17) Carol is at school. She can't come with ________

a) we b) us c) they

18) The cat is under the chair. Can you see __________?

a) he b) she c) it

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19) Dave can't swim. Help ________!

a) him b) her c) he

20) It's Kate's birthday today. This is a present for ________

a) she b) her c) it

21) Where are you? I can't see ________

a) your b) you c) us

22) The windows are opened. Close ________

a) it b) they c) them

23) I can't ride a horse. Help ________!

a) I b) me c) it

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

Pronombres reflexivos.- Se utilizan para hacer énfasis en el sentido de una frase y realzar al sujeto de la oración indicando que realiza una acción por "si mismo"

oneself (se, a sí mismo, uno mismo "impersonal")

myself (me, a mí mismo, yo mismo)

himself (se, a sí mismo, a él mismo)

herself (se, a sí misma, a ella misma)

itself (se, a sí mismo, a ello mismo)

ourselves (nos, a nosotros mismos)

yourself (te, tú mismo, a ti mismo, a usted mismo)

yourselves (os, a vosotros mismos, a ustedes mismos)

themselves (se, a sí mismos, a ellos mismos)

Ejemplos:

She hurt herself (Se hizo daño a ella misma)

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I made it by myself (Lo hice por mi mismo)

The man shaves himself (El hombre se afeita a si mismo)

We took the picture ourselves (Tomamos la foto nosotros mismos)

They did it themselves (Lo hicieron ellos mismos)

Love is pretty by itself (el amor es bonito por si mismo)

We made it ouserlves (Lo hicimos nosotros mismos)

Hay en estos ejemplos algunas oraciones que están en pasado y por tanto el verbo debe estar en este tiempo (como lo indican los ejemplos anteriores en forma cursiva).

I.- ESCRIBA LA ORACIÓN CAMBIANDO EL OBJETO DE LA ORACIÓN (LA PALABRA ESCRITA EN CURSIVA) A UN PRONOMBRE OBJETO.

1. I write letters to Mario. _________________________________________________________________________

2. I have a birthday present for the children. __________________________________________________________

3. Call Rita and me tomorrow. _____________________________________________________________________

4. I send my parents a letter every week. _____________________________________________________________

5. He drives the car. ______________________________________________________________________________

6. I talk to Maria. ________________________________________________________________________________

7. I visit Mr. and Mrs. Anderson. ____________________________________________________________________

8. I have the books. ______________________________________________________________________________

9. I visit Barbara. ________________________________________________________________________________

10. I call Carlos. _________________________________________________________________________________

FILL IN THESE SENTENCES WITH MYSELF, YOURSELF, HERSELF, HIMSELF, ITSELF, OURSELVES, YOURSELVES OR THEMSELVES.

1. Every morning I wash _______________ and clean my teeth. 2. Jane is a baby, she is too small to eat by __________________ .3. Peter is very lazy. He always copies his friend´s homework and never does it by _____________.4. The children can decorate the Christmas tree by ______________________.5. Julie is always looking at ______________________ in the mirror.

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6. If you can´t do this exercise by _______________________ , ask the teacher for help.7. The cat cleans __________________________ with its tongue.8. Don´t help us, Dad! I and Jim can paint the car all by ________________________ .9. You are five years old, Danny. You have to comb your hair by _____________________ now.10. Hi, Martin! Hi, Rebeca! Please, come in and make ____________________ at home.11. The cat nearly killed ___________________ when it ran across the road.12. I enjoyed ____________________ at the party.13. He always looks at ___________________ in the mirror.14. We helped _____________________ to the coffee.15. The woman accidentally hurt _____________________ with the knife.16. The children enjoyed _____________________ at the beach.17. The two of you shouldn't do that. You'll hurt ________________________ .18. He paid for ___________________ .19. Some people only think about _____________________ .20. She didn't tell him. I told him ______________________ .

PARTS OF THE BODY

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1.- arm:________________

2.- eye:________________

3.- eyebrow:____________

4.- leg:________________

5.- elbow:______________

6.- finger;_______________

7.- foot / feet):___________

8.- ankle:_______________

9.- bottom:______________

10.- hair:_______________

11.- neck:_____________

12.- hand:_____________

13.- wrist:_____________

14.- chin:______________

15.- knee:_____________

16.- head:_____________

17.- lip:_______________

18.- mouth:____________

19.- nose:_____________

20.- ear:_______________

21.- back:______________

22.- shoulder:___________

23.- forehead:___________

24.- waist:______________

25.- chest:_____________

26.- eyelash:____________

27.- tooth / teeth:_________

28.- toe:________________

29.- tongue:_____________

30.- Heel:______________

31.- Stomach:___________

32.- Cheek:_____________

33.- Face: ______________

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III. - CAN YOU NAME THE PARTS OF THE HUMAN BODY?

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WANT TO + INFINITIVE

El inglés tiene dos tipos de sustantivos verbales, el infinitivo (con o sin "to") y el gerundio (la terminación -ing). La mayoría de los verbos que toman un sustantivo verbal pueden estar seguidos de uno u otro (un gerundio o un infinitivo, pero no ambos). Sin embargo, existen determinados verbos a los que puede seguirle indistintamente un gerundio o un infinitivo.

We often use: WANT TO… for an action that follows the first verb.

I want to go home as soon as possible.

We all want to have more English classes.

He wants all his friends to come to his party.

I.- AFFIRMATIVE FORM:

SUBJECT + WANT TO + VERB (infinitive) + COMPLEMENT

1. I want to dance with you tonight.

2. The students want to bring their school things.

3. You want to buy a new house next week.

4. You and I want to stay at home next weekend.

5. Mary wants to get marry next month.

6. My older brother wants to travel abroad tomorrow

7. I want to go out later.

II.- NEGATIVE FORM

SUBJECT + DO / DOESN’T + NOT + WANT TO + VERB (infinitive) + COMPLEMENT

1. One of my friends doesn’t want to come with us tonight.

2. He doesn’t want to konw anything.

3. He doesn’t anybody to know.

4. You and I don’t want to live together.

5. Those men don’t want to work in the factory.

6. The teacher doesn’t want to teach us.

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7. I don’t want to live without you.

GRAMMAR PRACTICE

I. - MAKE SENTENCES IN AFFIRMATIVE FORM.

1- You / study / economics: _________________________________________________________________________________2- I / clean / the house:__________________________________________________________________________________3- Mary / sleep: __________________________________________________________________________________4- We / drive / the car: __________________________________________________________________________________5- Betty / get up:__________________________________________________________________________________6- Daniel / spend / his money.__________________________________________________________________________________7- I / have / breakfast / at 8 o´clock. ________________________________________________________________________________8- You / tell / us the true________________________________________________________________________________9- They / travel / by plane.________________________________________________________________________________10-I / grow / potatoes.________________________________________________________________________________ 11. - the boys / get up / late tomorrow.________________________________________________________________________________ 12. You and I / stay / home next Sunday.________________________________________________________________________________ 13. The teacher / explain / the grammar class tomorrow.________________________________________________________________________________ 14. My parents / travel / abroad next week.

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_________________________________________________________________________________GRAMMAR PRACTICE

I.- MAKE SENTENCES IN NEGATIVE FORM.

1- Tom and I practice our English at school.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………

2- Jerry works for a book store this year.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………...

3- The Millers watch the games very often.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4- The secretary finishes late her work.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……

5- Mary and Alice talk and laugh a lot.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………..………

6- My watch stops at any time.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………

7- Carol helps her mother at home.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………

8- Betty washes the dishes after dinner.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………..

9- The students ask questions in class.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..….

10- Martha introduces her friends to me.Pág 35


………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..….

11- Helen calls me after class.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………….

12- The grocery stores open very early in the morning.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

13- Mr. and Mrs. Scott travel abroad every year.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

MODAL: WOULD LIKE TO

1.- El verbo modal "would" se utiliza acompañado del infinitivo "like to" para expresar ofrecimientos e invitaciones y significa: GUSTARIA.

I WOULD LIKE TO = I’D LIKE TO

Would like (loving to do something)

Examples:

I would like to go for a walk. (I love going for a walk)

Sue would like to make a pizza now. (She loves making a pizza)

1.-También se utiliza para manifestar deseos o realizar peticiones de una manera cortés:

I. - AFFIRMATIVE FORM

SUBJECT + WOULD LIKE TO + VERB + COMPLEMENT

EXAMPLES:

I would like to live in Australia. You would like to be an Engineer. Daniel would like to help you. Betty would like to get marry with him. You and I would like to spend vacations in Aruba.

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My parents would like to buy a new car.GRAMMAR PRACTICE

I.- MAKE SENTENCES IN AFIRMATIVE FORM: “WOULD LIKE”.

1. I / help / you. ________________________________________________________________________________________

2. She / arrive / tomorrow. ________________________________________________________________________________________

3. The boys / fly / by plane. ________________________________________________________________________________________

4. We / buy / a new car. ________________________________________________________________________________________

5. He / win / the game next year. ________________________________________________________________________________________

6. We / work / in the factory. ________________________________________________________________________________________

7. You / return / next week. ________________________________________________________________________________________

8. They / be / good friends. ________________________________________________________________________________________

9. He / come / tomorrow. ________________________________________________________________________________________

10. I / eat / Chinese food. ________________________________________________________________________________________

11. We / live / in Canada next month. ________________________________________________________________________________________

12. They / follow / us. ________________________________________________________________________________________

II.- NEGATIVE FORM

SUBJECT + WOULD + NOT + LIKE TO + VERB + COMPLEMENT

EXAMPLES:

I wouldn’t like to go to the party You wouldn’t like to spend your money. Peter wouldn’t like to fly by plane.

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Doris wouldn’t like to cook next weekend. We wouldn’t like to work overtime. They wouldn’t like to eat French food.

GRAMMAR PRACTICEI. - MAKE NEGATIVE SENTENCES: WOULDN’T LIKE.

1- The boys play in the garden.……………………………………………………………….................................................................................2- Betty dances in the party.………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………..3- You paint on the board.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..4- My mother cooks at home.……………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………….……...5- The baby watches TV in the bedroom.……..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………6- The teachers work in the university.…….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….7- My brother washes the new car.……..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….8- The mechanic fixes the truck in the garage.……….…………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………9- The children listen to music in the class.

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…………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………10- My sister works in the manager´s office.……..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……

III. – INTERROGATIVE FORM WOULD + SUBJECT + LIKE TO + VERB + COMPLEMENT?EXAMPLES:

Would you like to drink a cup of coffee?¿Te gustaría tomar una taza de café?

Would you like to come with us? ¿Te gustaría venir con nosotros?

Would he like to eat a piece of cake? ¿Le gustaría comer un trozo de pastel?

Would you like having breakfast outside? No, I wouldn’t.

Would you like to drink another cup of coffee? Oh, yes please.

What would you like to order? I would like to order fried chicken.

Would you like toe at rice or potatoes? Potatoes, please.

Would you like anything else? No, that is all for now, thanks.

Would you like to go out with me on Saturday night? Oh sure, I would like to.

GRAMMAR PRACTICE

I. - CHANGE TO QUESTION + AN ANSWER.

1. - My classmates would like to go to Cuzco during the summer.__________________________________________________?______________________________ 2. I would like to spend my vacations in the mountains. ________________________________________________? ____________________________3. Johnny would like to keep his money in the bank. _________________________________________________? ___________________________4. Mr. Clark would like to read the news on the bulletin board.

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_________________________________________________? ____________________________5. George would like to study Economics in Germany. _________________________________________________? ___________________________6- The cat would like to jump to the table. _______________________________________________? _____________________________7- The policeman would like to stop the cars on the corner. ________________________________________________? ____________________________8- The manager would like to read the newspaper. ________________________________________________? ____________________________9- Peter would like to run very early in the morning. ________________________________________________? ____________________________10- The secretary would like to go home late. ________________________________________________? ___________________________

GRAMMAR PRACTICE

I. TRANSFORMA LAS SIGUIENTES FRASES. EXPRESA LO MISMO UTILIZANDO ‘WOULD LIKE’.

1. Mary wants to be an actress.

Mary would like to be an actress

2. Do you want to go to the park?

______________________________________________________________________________

3. I want to buy an apple.

______________________________________________________________________________

4. She wants to be rich.

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______________________________________________________________________________

5. Do you want to eat an ice-cream.

______________________________________________________________________________

6. My friens want to play a soccer game.

______________________________________________________________________________

7. My family want to visit some friends.

______________________________________________________________________________

8. Mary wanto to swim in the pool.

_______________________________________________________________________________

9. You and me want to climb the mountain.

_______________________________________________________________________________

10. The teacher wants to take us an english exam.

_______________________________________________________________________________

11. Doris wants to get marry next year.

_______________________________________________________________________________

12. The children want to draw in class all the time.

_______________________________________________________________________________

PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE

Usamos el pasado progresivo cuando hablamos acerca de algo que estuvo ocurriendo en un period de tiempo en el pasado de forma progresiva o continua.

We use the Past Progressive when we talk about something which was happening around a period of time in the past.

USO DEL PASADO PROGRESIVO

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a.) Para expresar una acción que se estaba desarrollando en el pasado pero cuyo fin no conocemos o carece de importancia:

It was raining. / Estubo lloviendo

b.) Para expresar dos acciones que se desarrollan simultáneamente

I was reading the newspaper while I was walking home.Estaba leyendo el periódico mientras volvía a casa caminando

c.) Para expresar dos acciones que se desarrollan en el pasado, una de las cuales tuvo su comienzo antes que la otra:

When I arrived home, John was talking on the phone.Cuando llegué John estaba hablando por teléfono.

1. AFFIRMATIVE FORM: El pasad progresivo se forma con el pasado del verbo TO BE (WAS – WERE) mas el verbo principal con la terminación: - ING.

The Past Progressive is formed with the auxiliary to be (was, were).

I, he, she, it was / we, you, they were

SUBJECT + WAS / WERE + VERB (-ING ) + COMPLEMENT

I was Reading a newspaper. He was walking by the park. We were spending vacations in Miami. You were living together. They were calling me after class.

GRAMMAR PRACTICE I. CHANGE TO PAST PROGRESSIVE.1- Those boys are studying for the English exam. .........................................................................................................................................2- You and I are learning French in the university. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..…………………...… 3- My parents are visiting to some relatives. ………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………..………….…………… 4- I am watching a video in my house.

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………………………………………………………………………………………….………………….…….………….………… 5- Betty is reading the newspaper in the living room. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………….…….... 6- The children are running in the park. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….………………… 7- We are swimming in the beach now. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………….………8- My cousin is riding his bicycle in the park. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………….…………… 9- The doctors are helping people in the hospital. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….………………10- The baby is drinking the milk in the breakfast. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….………………11- I am making a cake for your birthday. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….………………12- Bryan is drawing a picture on the board. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..…………………13- That girl is taking photographs in the museum. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..………………14- The dogs are barking to the people. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….………………....15. You and I are building a new house in the country side.

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................................................................................................................................................

GRAMMAR PRACTICE

I. DECIDE WHETHER TO USE: 'WAS' or 'WERE'.1. Boris .............................. learning English.2. They .............................. swimming in the lake.3. Your father....................... Repairing the car.4. I ........................... reading a magazine.5. You ...................... packing your bag.6. My friends ..................... watching the match on TV.7. It ........................ raining.8. The dog ..................... barking.9. The children ........................ brushing their teeth.10. Anne and Maureen ..................... singing a song.

GRAMMAR PRACTICE

I. WRITE POSITIVE SENTENCES IN PAST PROGRESSIVE.1. you / play / cards

.................................................................................................................................

....2. Alice / walk / around the lake

.................................................................................................................................

....3. Caron / listen / to the radio

.................................................................................................................................

....4. we / read / a book about Australia

.................................................................................................................................

.... 5. Linda / look for / her ring

.................................................................................................................................

....6. Fiona and Sam / visit / the castle

.................................................................................................................................

....7. Ben / wash / the car

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.................................................................................................................................

....8. Kim and I / wait / in the park

.................................................................................................................................

....9. My sister / feed / the birds

.................................................................................................................................

....10. Greg and Phil / count / their money

.................................................................................................................................

....

GRAMMAR PRACTICEI. CHANGE TO NEGATIVE FORM IN PAST PROGRESSIVE, SIMPLE FORM AND CONTRACTION.1- Those boys were studying for the English exam. ........................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................................................2- You and I were learning French in the university. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………...… ................................................................................................................................................................................ 3- My parents were visiting to some relatives. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….................................................................................................................................................................................. 4- I was watching a video in my house. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….................................................................................................................................................................................. 5- Betty was reading the newspaper in the living room.……………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………….................................................................................................................................................................................... 6- The children and the teacher were running in the park. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……….................................................................................................................................................................................. 7- You and my friends were swimming in the beach.…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….................................................................................................................................................................................. 8- My older sister was riding his bicycle in the park. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….................................................................................................................................................................................9- The doctors and I were helping people in the hospital. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……..................................................................................................................................................................................10- The babies were drinking the milk in the breakfast. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….................................................................................................................................................................................

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11- You and my parents were making a cake for your birthday.………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………….................................................................................................................................................................................12- Bryan was drawing a picture on the board. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………...................................................................................................................................................................................13- That girls were taking photographs in the museum. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………..................................................................................................................................................................................14- The dogs and the cats were barking to the people. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...……..................................................................................................................................................................................15. You and I were building a new house in the country side...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

GRAMMAR PRACTICE

I. WRITE NEGATIVE SENTENCES IN PAST PROGRESSIVE.

1. Sarah and Luke / not / work .................................................................................................................................

2. Mister Miller / not / teach / chemistry .................................................................................................................................

3. Barry / not / drive / a lorry .................................................................................................................................

4. Mandy / not / have / lunch . ...............................................................................................................................

5. Albert / not / play / tennis .................................................................................................................................

6. Taylor and Bob / not / ride / home .................................................................................................................................

7. Annie / not / clean / the table .................................................................................................................................

8. Benjamin / not / write / an e-mail .................................................................................................................................

9. Jane / not / exercise / in the gym .................................................................................................................................

10. Robert / not / buy / flowers .................................................................................................................................

GRAMMAR PRACTICE I. CHANGE TO NEGATIVE FOR IN CONTRACCTION.

1. Henry was living in London last year. ...............................................................................................................................................2. Anita was working at a restaurant last week. ...............................................................................................................................................

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3. Ricky was waiting for Holly. ...............................................................................................................................................4. Sarah was singing a song. ................................................................................................................................................5. Joe was reading a book. ...............................................................................................................................................6. At six o'clock, Miriam and her family were having dinner. ................................................................................................................................................7. Bob was walking home because his car had a flat tire. ................................................................................................................................................

8. At half past seven, Mister Logan was driving home. ................................................................................................................................................9. The children were playing in the sandbox. ...............................................................................................................................................10. Claire was visiting her best friend. ..............................................................................................................................................

GRAMMAR PRACTICE

I. CHANGE TO QUESTION + AN ANSWER.

1- The secretary was typing the letters at the hospital. __________________________________________________?______________________________2- You and I were walking to the hospital. _________________________________________________?_______________________________3- That girl was studying English in the academy. __________________________________________________?______________________________4- My parents were buying in the market yesterday. __________________________________________________?______________________________5- Roger was explaining the new words to Rita. __________________________________________________?______________________________6- Jerry was resting on the big bed. __________________________________________________?______________________________7- You were washing and ironing the clothes. __________________________________________________?______________________________8- The new teacher was seating near my sister. __________________________________________________?______________________________9- I was driving my new beautiful car. __________________________________________________?______________________________10- You and I were going to the e university. __________________________________________________?______________________________11- Mrs. Brown was washing the sweater.

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___________________________________________________?_____________________________12- Carol was running to the library. __________________________________________________?_____________________________

GRAMMAR PRACTICEI. WRITE QUESTIONS IN PAST PROGRESSIVE.

1. Rachel / feed / the cat ..............................................................................................? ......................................

2. the children / paint / a picture ...............................................................................................? ......................................

3. Clark / repair / his computer ...............................................................................................? ......................................

4. Hazel / swim / in the pool ................................................................................................? .....................................

5. Lucas / have / a shower ................................................................................................? .....................................

6. Jason and Aron / run / down the street .................................................................................................? ....................................

7. Betty / do / her homework .................................................................................................? ....................................

8. Cindy and James / make / dinner .................................................................................................? ....................................

9. Rebecca / watch / Star Trek ..................................................................................................? ...................................

10. Anita and Linda / sit / in the kitchen ..................................................................................................? ...................................

GRAMMAR PRACTICE

I. PUT THE VERBS INTO THE CORRECT FORM (PAST PROGRESSIVE).

1. When I phoned my friends, they (play) ................................................. monopoly.2. Yesterday at six I (prepare). ................................................................. dinner.3. The kids (play) ....................................... in the garden when it suddenly began to rain.4. I (practice) ...................................................... the guitar when he came home.5. We (not / cycle). ..................................................... all day.6. While Aaron (work) ................................. in his room, his friends (swim) in the pool.

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7. I tried to tell them the truth but they (listen / not)..........................................................8. (you / do) ............................................................................ the homework yesterday?9. Most of the time we (sit) .............................................. in the park.10. (we / read) ................................................................... an interesting book?

II. WRITE: WAS – WERE

1. We....................... Dancing. 2. The dog ........................ barking. 3. The printer ........................ printing out a photograph. 4. The pupils ........................ writing a test. 5. Sue and Gareth ..................... walking up the hill.

III. WRITE SENTENCES IN PAST PROGRESSIVE.

1. He / the car / wash →........................................................................................................... 2. She / home / go → .......................................................................................................... 3. They / not / the match / watch →........................................................................................... 4. You / in the shop / work →..................................................................................................... 5. I / not / a magazine / read →.................................................................................................

IV. WRITE QUESTIONS IN PAST PROGRESSIVE.

1. She / on a chair / sit →.....................................................................................................?2. You / your bag / pack → …………………………………...............................................................?3. His head / ache → …........................................................................................................?4. We / tea / drink → …........................................................................................................?5. You / the bike / repair →..................................................................................................?

V. ASK FOR THE INFORMATION IN THE BOLD PART OF THE SENTENCE.

1. Jamie was doing a language course in London. ......................................................................................................? .........................................2. Andrew was carrying a heavy box.

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.......................................................................................................? .................................

.......3. The teacher was testing our English. .......................................................................................................? ........................................4. At six o'clock, we were having dinner. ........................................................................................................? ......................................5. Sally was hurrying to school because she was late. .........................................................................................................? .....................................

2. NEGATIVE FORM:

Para construer opraciones en negative, agregaremos NOT seguido del verbo (was – were). We add the word NOT after to be (was, were). We can use the contractions: WAS NOT = WASN’T - WERE NOT = WEREN’T

EXAMPLES: I was not playing / Yo No estuve jugando SIMPLE FORM CONTRACCTION

1- I was NOT learning English. = I WASN’T learning English.

2- You were NOT doing the homework. = You WEREN’T doing the homework.

3- He was NOT playing chess. = He WASN’T playing chess.

4- We were NOT dancing together. = We WEREN’T dancing together.

5- They were NOT traveling to Europe. = They WEREN’T traveling to Europe.

GRAMMAR PRACTICE

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I. CHANGE TO NEGATIVE FORM IN SIMPLE FORM AND CONTRACTION.1- Those boys were studying for the English exam. ............................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................................

2- You and I were learning French in the university. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………….. ...............................................................................................................................................................

3- My parents were visiting to some relatives. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………….. ...............................................................................................................................................................

4- I was watching a video in my house. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ...............................................................................................................................................................

5- Betty was reading the newspaper in the living room. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………….. ...............................................................................................................................................................

6- The children and the teacher were running in the park. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……… ............................................................................................................................................................... 7- You and my friends were swimming in the beach. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………….…… ...............................................................................................................................................................

8- My older sister was riding his bicycle in the park. ………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….… ...............................................................................................................................................................9- The doctors and I were helping people in the hospital.

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…………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………… ...............................................................................................................................................................

10- The babies were drinking the milk in the breakfast. ………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ...............................................................................................................................................................III. INTERROGATIVE FORM:

Para formular preguntas en pasado progresivo el verbo (was – were) deberá estar al inicio de la oración, seguido por el sujeto. In the Past Progressive we put the auxiliary (was or were) before the subject.

WAS – WERE + SUBJECT + VERB (-ING) + COMPLEMENT?

Was he having a bath? Were we studying for the exam? Was I sleeping all night long? Was he helping to you? Were we doing an exercise? Were you playing football? Was I swimming in the pool? ========================================================================

QUESTION SHORT ANSWER

1. Was Peter reading a book yesterday evening? Yes, he was.2. Was Helen listening to the radio? No, she wasn’t.3. Were we sitting at the breakfast table? Yes, we were.4. Was Andrew always coming in late? No, he wasn’t.5. Were you watching TV? Yes, I was.6. Was Andy surfing the internet? No, he wasn’t.

GRAMMAR PRACTICE

I. CHANGE TO QUESTION AND GIVE A SHORT ANSWER.

1- The secretary was typing the letters at the hospital.

_____________________________________________________________? __________________

2- You and I were walking to the hospital.

______________________________________________________________? _________________

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3- That girl was studying English in the academy.

______________________________________________________________? _________________

4- My parents were buying in the market yesterday.

______________________________________________________________? _________________

5- Roger was explaining the new words to Rita.

______________________________________________________________? _________________

6- Jerry was resting on the big bed.

______________________________________________________________? _________________

7- You were washing and ironing the clothes.

_____________________________________________________________? __________________

8- The new teacher was seating near my sister.

_____________________________________________________________? __________________

9- I was driving my new beautiful car.

_____________________________________________________________? __________________

10- You and I were going to the e university.

____________________________________________________________? ___________________

WH- QUESTION WORDS IN PAST PROGRESSIVE I- USE OF WHAT : Se usa esta palabra interrogativa para preguntar por la acción que estuvo realizando un determinado sujeto, ya sea en singular o plural. Siempre va a estar a compañada del verbo DO (ing)

WHAT + BE (was – were) + SUBJECT + DO ( ing ) + COMPLEMENT ? What was Peter Doing in the bedroom?

What were you Doing at home ?

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What was Carmen Doing in the university?

What was I Doing now?

What were the students Doing in the yard?

What was the secretary Doing in the office?============================================================

EXAMPLES: 1- My father was reading the newspaper. What was your father doing? He was reading the newspaper. 2- The children were painting in the classroom. What were the children doing? They were painting.

3- Doris was cleaning the house. What was Doris doing? She was cleaning the house.

4- My friends were watching television in the living room. What were your friends doing? They were watching television.

GRAMMAR PRACTICE

J. CAMBIA A PREGUNTA CON LA PALABRA INTERROGATIVA: WHAT.

1- The boys were playing in the garden. What ……………………………………………………………………….….? ………………………………………………

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2- Betty was dancing in the party. What ……………………………………………………………………….….? ………………………………………………

3- You were writing on the board. What ……………………………………………………………………..……? ………………………………………………

4- My mother was cooking at home. What ……………………………………………………………………..……? ………………………………………………5- The baby was drinking the milk. What …………………………………………………………………….…..? ………………………………………………

6- The teachers were eating in the restaurant. What …………………………………………………………………….……? ………………………………………………

7- My older brother was driving the new car . What ………………………………………………………………….………? ………………………………………………

8- The mechanic was fixing the truck in the garage. What …………………………………………………………………….…….? ………………………………………………

9- The students were studying for the exam . What ………………………………………………………………………….? …………………………….…………………

10- My sister was working in the manager´s office. What ……………………………………………….…………………………? ……………………….………………………

11- Those men were stealing in the bank. What ………………………………………………………………..……..? …………………….…………………………

12- My parents were traveling to Europe. What ……………………………………………………………………….? ………………………….……………………

13- Daniel was drawing on the walls. What ……………………………………………………………………….? ………………………..………………………

14- The engineers were building new houses in the city.

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What ……………………………………………………………..………? …………………………………………………

15- Helen and Carmen were crying for the baby. What ……………………………………………………………..……….? ………………………..….……………………

16- You were swimming in the beach. What …………………………………………………………………..….? …………………………………………………

17- My friend was listening to music. What ……………………………………………………………………….? …………………………………………………

18- The dog was running in the garden. What ……………………………………………………………………….? …………………………………………………

19- The lawyer was reading the newspaper. What ……………………………………………………………………….? …………………………………………………

20- Jhon and Cristina were visiting some friends . What………………………………………………………………….…….? ……………….………………………………

II- USE OF WHERE: Se usa para preguntar por el lugar donde se estuvo realizando una determinada acción en el pasado de forma continua o progresiva. Tiene como significado en castellano: DONDE.

WHERE + BE (was – were) + SUBJECT + VERB (ing) + COMPLEMENT?

Where were you going now?

Where was Helen studying?

Where were the boys playing football?

Where was the doctor working?

Where were your parents traveling?

Where was the baby sleeping?

============================================================

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EXAMPLES : 1- My brother was living in Canada. Where was your brother living? In Canada.

2- The dogs were eating on the bed. Where were the dogs eating? On the bed.

3- The medicine students were going to the hospital. Where were the medicine students going? To the hospital.

GRAMMAR PRACTICE

I. CAMBIA A PREGUNTA CON: WHERE.

1- Those men were fishing in the river. Where …………………………………………………………………..…..? …………………………………………………

2- Daniel was exporting shoes to Europe. Where ……………………………………………………………..………..? …………………………………………………

3- My sisters were learning English in the university. Where ………………………………………………………………..……..? …………………………………………………

4- The policeman was stopping the cars on the cor ner . Where …………………………………………………………………..…..? …………………………………………………

5- My father was changing money in the bank . Where ………………………………………………………………..……..? …………………………………………………

6- The students were finishing the homework in the classroom. Where …………………………………………………………………….? ……………………………………..……………

7- The teacher was living in Spain. Where …………………………………………………………………….? …………………………………………………

8- You were practicing tennis in the club. Where ……………………………………………………………….…….? ……………………….…………………………

9- My mother was buying in the market.

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Where ……………………………………………………………….……..? ……………………….…………………………

10- Those women were selling in the store. Where …………………………………………………………….………? ………………….………………………………

11- The cat was sleeping on the sofa. Where …………………………………………….………………………? …………………….……………………………

12- The plane was flying from Lima to Miami. Where ………………………………………………………………..…? …………………….……………………………13- Helen was writing poems in her bedroom. Where …………………………………………………………..………? …………………………….……………………

14- Anna and Teresa were working in the university. Where ………………………………………………………….……….? ……………………………………………………

15- It was snowing in New York. Where ……………………………………………………………………? ………………………………..…………………

16- My father was taking to my sister to her school. Where ………………………………………………………………..….? ……………………………..……………………

17- The doctors were drinking a soda in the caffeteria. Where ………………………………………………………….………..? …………………………..………………………

18- I was going to the discotec. Where ………………………………………………………..…………? …………………………..………………………

19- Cristina was ridding a horse in the farm. Where …………………………………………………………………….? …………………….……………………………

20. My family was visiting some friends in Spain. Where……………………………………………………………….……..? ………………………….……………………….

III- USE OF: WHO Se usa para preguntar por el sujeto quien estuvo realizando una determinada acción acción en el pasado de forma continua. Esta palabra interrogativa

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siempre va a preguntar en singular, es decir con el verbo To be WAS. Tiene como significado en castellano: QUIEN.

WHO + TO BE (was) + VERB (ing) + COMPLEMENT?

Who was reading in the living room?

Who was learning German?

Who was playing with the toys?

Who was going to the movie?

Who was speaking in French?

Who was traveling to Italy? ====================================================EXAMPLES: 1- My sister was wear ing new shoes. Who was wearing new shoes? My sister was.

2- The teachers are explaining the classes. Who was explaining the classes? The teachers were.

3- Peter was getting up late. Who was getting up late? Peter was. 4- The children were playing with the toys. Who was playing with the toys? The children were.

GRAMMAR PRACTICE

I. CHANGE TO QUESTION WITH: WHO + AN ANSWER.

1- My parents were saving money in the bank. Who ……………………………………………………………………………? ………………….……………..……………

2- Mary was helping to Peter. Who …………………………………………………………………………….? …………………………..…………………

3- My friend was graduating as a lawyer. Who …………………………………………………………………….…….? ………………………………………………

4- Daniel and Joseph were fixing the my car.

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Who ……………………………………………………………………….…..? ………………………………………………

5- The children were drawing cartoons. Who ………………………………………………………….…………….? …………………………………………………

6- My mother was washing the sheets. Who ……………………………………………………………………….? ……………………………………………………

7- My brother was kissing to his girlfriend. Who ………………………………………………………………………..? ……………………………………………………

8- You were calling to the doctor by phone. Who ………………………………………………………………..……..? …………………………….………………………

9- The doctor was helping to the people in the hospital. Who ………………………………………………………………..…….? ……………………….……………………………

10- The students were finishing the exercises. Who ………………………………………………………………..……? ……………………..……………………………

11. You were dancing in the discotec. Who………………………………………………………………..….….? ……………………………………………………

12. The teacher was explaining the class. Who …………………………………………………….…………..……? ……………………………………………………

THERE WAS – THERE WERE

1.- AFIRMATIVE FORM: Utilizamos ‘there was’ con cuando hablamos en singular. Sin embargo, si hablamos en plural utilizamos ‘there were’.

THERE + WAS / WERE + COMPLEMENT

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There was a woman in the park. There were two women in a café.* Recuerda que este verbo es impersonal y en español no existe diferencia para singular y plural. En inglés si hacemos distinción.

GRAMMAR PRACTICE

I.- MAKE SENTENCES WITH: THERE WAS / WERE.

1- A desk in the living room.________________________________________________________________________________2- Rulers under the table.________________________________________________________________________________3- A light on the ceiling.________________________________________________________________________________4- Windows in the room.________________________________________________________________________________5- A picture on the wall.________________________________________________________________________________6- Keys are under the newspaper.________________________________________________________________________________7- A car in front of the house.________________________________________________________________________________8- Envelopes next to the books.________________________________________________________________________________9- a desk in the classroom.________________________________________________________________________________10- Sentences on the blackboard.________________________________________________________________________________11- An ice cream in the refrigerator.________________________________________________________________________________12- Boys behind the house._______________________________________________________________________________

2.- NEGATIVE FORM: Para hacer las negaciones negamos el verbo ‘to be’ añadiendo la partícula ‘not’ detrás del verbo o con la forma contraída.

THERE + WAS + NOT/WERE + NOT + COMPLEMENT There wasn't a woman in the park. There weren't two women in a café.

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* Podemos encontrar la forma completa 'there was not' o 'there were not', pero es mucho más común la forma contraída.

GRAMMAR PRACTICE

I. – MAKE SENTENCES IN NEGATIVE FORM: THERE WAS NOT / THERE WERE NOT.

1- A desk in the living room._________________________________________________________________________________2- Rulers under the table._________________________________________________________________________________3- A light on the ceiling._________________________________________________________________________________4- Windows in the room._________________________________________________________________________________5- A picture on the wall._________________________________________________________________________________6- keys under the newspaper._________________________________________________________________________________7- A car in front of the house._________________________________________________________________________________8- Envelopes next to the books._________________________________________________________________________________9- A desk in the classroom._________________________________________________________________________________10- Sentences on the blackboard._________________________________________________________________________________11- An ice cream in the refrigerator._________________________________________________________________________________12- computers in the house._________________________________________________________________________________13- people in the meeting._________________________________________________________________________________14- a fish in the refrigerator._________________________________________________________________________________15- mice under the beds._________________________________________________________________________________16- women in the party._________________________________________________________________________________17- a bull in the farm._________________________________________________________________________________3.- INTERROGATIVE FORM: Para la formación de preguntas necesitamos invertir el verbo ‘to be’ y la partícula 'there'.

WAS / WERE + THERE + COMPLEMENT? Was there a woman in the park? Were there two women in a café?

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RESPUESTAS CORTAS: Para dar respuestas cortas debemos utilizar la forma correspondiente del verbo 'to be' en pasado, respetando si es singular o plural.

Is there a woman in the park? Yes, there was / No, there wasn’t Are there two women in a café? Yes, there were / No, there weren’t* Utilizamos la forma completa en las respuestas afirmativas, mientras que utilizamos la forma contraída en las respuestas negativas.

GRAMMAR PRACTICEI.- MAKE QUESTIONS + SHORT ANSWERS.

1- A desk in the living room._________________________________________________________________________________2- Rulers under the table. _________________________________________________________________________________3- A light on the ceiling. _________________________________________________________________________________4- Windows in the room. _________________________________________________________________________________5- A picture on the wall. _________________________________________________________________________________6- Keys under the newspaper. _________________________________________________________________________________7- A car in front of the house._________________________________________________________________________________8- Envelopes next to the books._________________________________________________________________________________9- A desk in the classroom._________________________________________________________________________________10- Sentences on the blackboard._________________________________________________________________________________11- An ice cream in the refrigerator._________________________________________________________________________________12- computers in the house._________________________________________________________________________________13- people in the meeting._________________________________________________________________________________14- a fish in the refrigerator._________________________________________________________________________________

TOPIC: AND - BECAUSE

A conjunction is a word that "joins" two parts of a sentence.

1.- USE OF: AND.- Conjunción que se utiliza para unir oraciones que de otro modo serían independientes e irían separadas por un punto. And Se utiliza para relatar acontecimientos en orden cronológico de modo que los que ocurrieron primero se mencionaran en primer lugar en la frase resultante:

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EXAMPLES: He had breakfast. He washed his teeth. He had breakfast and washed his teeth.Si el sujeto de las dos oraciones es el mismo, al unir las dos oraciones no lo repetiremos sino que en la segunda quedará elíptico. También une oraciones que dan información sobre algo o alguien: They were students.They had an exam in the university. They were students and had an exam in the university.

2.- USE OF: BECAUSE.- Cuando queremos explicar las razones por las cuales ocurrieron determinados hechos lo podemos hacer utilizando la conjunción because. Because es una conjunción, por tanto va seguida de una oración:

EXAMPLES:

1. He couldn't play because he hurt his leg.

2. We had dinner after ten o' clock because dad arrived late.

3. He bought a new home because he won a lottery.

4. I read because I like reading.

5. We were late because it was raining.

6. I'm happy because I met you.

7. I finished early because I worked fast.

8. We finished early Because we had to go home.

9. You are crying Because John had a car accident.

GRAMMAR PRACTICE

I.- COMPLETE: AND – BECAUSE.

1-In summer we wear light clothes _________________ the weather is hot.2-It is rainy ________________ windy today.3-I am English __________ I live in the USA _____________ I work with a company there.4-I love painting ___________ fishing _____________ they teach me concentration.

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5-Jane loves swimming __________ she spends her summer holidays on the beach __________ she loves sunbathing.6-It is always rainy in winter ___________ you should always take an umbrella with you.7-Peter is obese ____________ the doctor advised him to practise sport regularly.8-Parents ___________ children should have good relationships.9-My wife plays tennis _____________ football.10-He doesn't play the guitar, __________ he plays the drum.

II.- MAKE SENTENCES WITH: AND – BECAUSE.

1.- _________________________________________________________________________

2.-_________________________________________________________________________

3.-_________________________________________________________________________

4.-_________________________________________________________________________

5.-_________________________________________________________________________

6.-_________________________________________________________________________

7.-_________________________________________________________________________

8.-_________________________________________________________________________

9.- _________________________________________________________________________

10.- ________________________________________________________________________

11.- ________________________________________________________________________

12.-________________________________________________________________________

13.-________________________________________________________________________

14.-________________________________________________________________________

FUTURE: GOING TO

El tiempo futuro con "going to" se usa más comúnmente en el lenguaje hablado cuando se quiere hacer referencia al futuro inmediato, es decir, a algo que está por ocurrir muy pronto o para expresar un plan que se tiene.

EXAMPLES:

She is going to pay with a credit card = Ella va a pagar con una tarjeta de crédito (algo que está por ocurrir).

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http://www.emagister.com/curso-ingles-manual-gramatica-2-3/futuro-will-going-to


I am going to drop off my prescription over there = voy a dejar mi prescripción médica allá.

También se emplea para hablar de intenciones o planes para hacer algo:

EXAMPLES:

I’m going to learn English = voy a aprender inglés.

I'm going to stop smoking - Voy a dejar de fumar

Se forma con el verbo"to be" conjugado para la persona correspondiente, seguido de "going to" y el verbo base.

I am going to pay You are going to pay He is going to pay She is going to pay It is going to pay We are going to pay You are going to pay They are going to pay

1.- AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS: Para construir oraciones en afirmativo usaremos la conjugación del verbo TO BE + GOING TO, que significa: IR A. SUBJECT + BE + GOING TO + VERB + COMPLEMENT I am going to believe in that idea

Luis is going to swim in the pool tomorrow

You are going to give a new test next Friday

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They are going to read their horoscope today.

==============================================

COMPLEMENTS OF TIME

- Later: mas tarde

- tonight: esta noche

- tomorrow: mañana

- next week: la proxima semana - next weekend. el proximo fin de semana - next month el proximo mes

- next year el proximo año

- next summer el proximo verano

- next january el proximo enero

- next vacation las proximas vacaciones

- next class la proxima clase

- Next century el proximo siglo

GRAMMAR PRACTICE I. MAKE SENTENCES IN AFFIRMATIVE FORM IN FUTURE TENSE.

1- You / study / economics: _________________________________________________________________________________

2- I / clean / the house:_________________________________________________________________________________

3- Mary / sleep: _________________________________________________________________________________

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4- We / drive / the car: _________________________________________________________________________________

5- Betty / get up:______________________________________________________________________________

6- Daniel / spend / his money.______________________________________________________________________________

7- I / have / breakfast / at 8 o´clock. _______________________________________________________________________________

8- You / tell / the true_______________________________________________________________________________

9- They / travel / by plane._______________________________________________________________________________

10- I / grow / potatoes._______________________________________________________________________________

11.- the boys / get up / late______________________________________________________________________________

12. You and I / stay / home ______________________________________________________________________________

13. The teacher / explain / the grammar class________________________________________________________________________________

14. My parents / travel / abroad tomorrow._________________________________________________________________________________

15. Doris / get marry / next month._________________________________________________________________________________

2.- NEGATIVE STATEMENTS Para construir oraciones negativas, agregaremos la palabra interrogativa NOT, seguida del verbo TO BE, también podemos usar las contracciones.

SUBJECT + BE / NOT + GOING TO + VERB + COMPLEMENT You are not going to agreewith Mr. Loo tomorrow Luz is not going to sing at the party tonight We aren´t goingto get up early next Monday They aren´t going to have a party today

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GRAMMAR PRACTICEI. - FILL IN THE CORRECT FUTURE TENSE, NEGATIVE FORM: GOING TO.

1) Tomorrow they _____________________________________________ (drive) to New York.2) I hope the weather __________________________________________ (be) nice.3) I offered him this job. I think he ____________________________________ (take) it.4) I promise I ________________________________________________ (tell) you this secret.5) Take your umbrella with you. It _____________________________________ (rain).6) They are ___________________________________________ (do) all the homework this evening?7) I _______________________________________________ (go) to the cinema tomorrow.8) They _____________________________________________ (fly) to Seattle next summer holidays.9) I _______________________ (invite) 50 people to the party and I hope everyone will come (come)10) That exercise looks difficult. I ______________________________________________(help) you.11) He ________________________________________________ (go) to the football match.12) They _____________________________________________ (win) the match.13) She _______________________________________________ (stay) till Thursday.14) He ________________________________________________ (leave) tomorrow morning.15) We think he ________________________________________ (come) late in the night.3.- INTERROGATIVE FORM: Para formular preguntas solo cambiaremos de lugar al sujeto y al verbo TO BE (am,is,are) y al sujeto.

BE + SUBJECT + GOING TO + VERB + COMPLEMENT?

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Statements

SUBJECT BE (NOT) GOING TO Base Form of verb

I Am

(not) going to Star Soon

YOU AreHE

IsSHE

IT

WE

AreYOU

THEY


EXAMPLES:

1. Are you going to leave later? Yes, I am / No, I am not.

2. Is the teacher going to teach in the college? Yes, he is / No, he isn’t.

3. Are the students going to give an exam tomorrow? Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t

4. Is the secretary going to write the letters? Yes, she is / No, she isn’t

5. Are the children going to play in the yard? Yes, they are / No, they aren’t.

GRAMMAR PRACTICE

I.MAKE QUESTIONS SENTENCES AND GIVE AND A SHORT ANSWER.

1- Mary is going to dance. ______________________________________________________?_________________________

2- You are going to paint the house. _______________________________________________________?________________________

3- They are going to swim in the pool. _______________________________________________________?________________________

4- I am going to eat tonight. _______________________________________________________?________________________

5- Peter is going to build his house. ________________________________________________________?_______________________6- My parents are going to visit me next week.________________________________________________________?________________________

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STATEMENTS

BE SUBJECT GOING TO Base Form of verb

Am I

Going to Start Soon?

Are You

Is

He

She

It

Are

We

You

They


7- The children are going to draw pictures.________________________________________________________?________________________

8- I am going to feel bad._________________________________________________________?_______________________

9- Carmen is going to forget you.__________________________________________________________?______________________

10- The students are going to read an interesting book.___________________________________________________________?_____________________

II. - CHANGE TO QUESTION AND GIVE AND ANSWER.1- The boys are going to play in the garden. …………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………….2- Betty is going to dance in the party. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………3- You are going to write on the board. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………4- My mother is going to cook at home. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………5- The baby is going to drink the milk. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………6- The teachers are going to eat in the restaurant. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………7- My older brother is going to drive the new car. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………8- The mechanic is going to fix the truck in the garage. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………9- The students are going to study for the exam. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………10- My sister is going to work in the manager´s office.

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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………

GRAMMAR PRACTICE

I. - FILL IN THE CORRECT FUTURE TENSE, AFFIRMATIVE FORM: GOING TO

1) Tomorrow they ____________________________________ (drive) to New York.

2) I hope the weather __________________________________ (be) nice.

3) I offered him this job. I think he ____________________________________ (take) it.

4) I promise I _______________________________________ (tell) you this secret.

5) Take your umbrella with you. It _____________________________________ (rain).

6) They are ____________________________________ (do) all the homework this evening?

7) I _______________________________________________ (go) to the cinema tomorrow.

8) They __________________________________ (fly) to Seattle next summer holidays.

9) I _________________ (invite) 50 people to the party and I hope everyone will come (come).

10) That exercise looks difficult. I _______________________________________(help) you.

11) He _________________________________________ (go) to the football match.

12) They ______________________________________ (win) the match.

13) She _________________________________________ (stay) till Thursday.

14) He ___________________________________ (leave) tomorrow morning.

15) We think he _____________________________________ (come) late in the night.

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GRAMMAR PRACTICE

I. - CHANGE TO NEGATIVE FORM.

1- The boys are going to play in the garden. …………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………….…2- Betty is going to dance in the party.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………3- You are going to write on the board.…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………4- My mother is going to cook at home .…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………5- The baby is going to drink the milk .………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………6- The teachers are going to eat in the restaurant .…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………7- My older brother is going to drive the new car ...………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………8- The mechanic is going to fix the truck in the garage .

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…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………9- The students are going to study for the exam .………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………10- My sister is going to work in the manager´s office.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………11- Those men are going to steal in the bank...………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………12- My parents are going to travel to Europe. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………13- Daniel is going to draw on the walls.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………14- The engineers are going to build new houses in the city.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………15- Helen and Carmen are going to cry for the baby.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………16- You are going to swim in the beach.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

WH- QUESTIONS IN FUTURE: GOING TO

I- USE OF WHAT: Se usa esta palabra interrogativa para preguntar por la acción que va a realizar un determinado sujeto, ya sea en singular o plural. Siempre va a estar acompañada del verbo DO.

WHAT + BE ( am , is , are ) + SUBJ. + GOING TO + DO?

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What is peter GOING TO Do in the bedroom ?

What are you GOING TO Do at home ?

What is Carmen GOING TO Do in the university?

What am I GOING TO Do later?

What are the students GOING TO Do in the yard?

What is the secretary GOING TO Do in the office?

======================================================

EXAMPLES:

1- My father is going to read the newspaper.

What is your father going to do? He is going to read the newspaper.

2- The children are going to paint in the classroom.

What are the children going to do? They are going to

paint.

3- Doris is going to clean the house.

What is Doris going to do? She is going to clean the

house.

4- My friends are going to watch television in the living

room.

What are your friends going to do? They are going to

watch television

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GRAMMAR PRACTICE

I.- MAKE QUESTIONS IN FUTURE GOING TO USING: WHAT.

1- The boys are going to play in the garden. What ……………………………………………………………………..……….? …………………………………………………………2- Betty is going to dance in the party. What …………………………………………………………………..………….? ……………………..…………………………………3- You are going to write on the board.. What ………………………………………………………………………….……? …………………………………..……………………4- My mother is going to cook at home . What …………………………………………………………………………….…? …………………………….…………………………5- The baby is going to drink the milk . What ……………………………………………………………………………..? ………………….……………………………………6- The teachers are going to eat in the restaurant . What ………………………………………………………………………………? ………………………………….……………………7- My older brother is going to drive the new car . What ……………………………………………………………………….………? ………………………………………………………8- The mechanic is going to fix the truck in the garage . What ……………………………………………………………………………….? ……………………………….……….………………9- The students are going to study for the exam . What ……………………………………………………………………..……….? ……………………….….……………………………10- My sister is going to work in the manager´s office. What ………………………………………………………………………………? …………………………..……….……………………11- Those men are going to steal in the bank. What ………………………………………………………………………..…..? …………………………………………………………12- My parents are going to travel to Europe. What …………………………………………………………………………..….? ………………………………………….……………13- Daniel is going to draw on the walls. What ……………………………………………………………………………….? ………………………….…………………………14- The engineers are going to build new houses in the city. What ………………………………………………………………………..……? …………………………….…………………………15- Helen and Carmen are going to cry for the baby.

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What ……………………………………………………………………………….? ………………………………………………………16- You are going to swim in the beach . What …………………………………………………………………………..….? …………………………………….…………………17- My friends are going to listen to music . What …………………………………………………………………………..….? ………………………………………………………18- The dog is going to run in the garden.

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What ……………………………………………………………………………….? ………………………….….…………………………19- The lawyer is going to read the newspaper . What …………………………………………………………………..………….? ………………………….………….………………20- John and Cristina are going to visit some friends . What ……………………………………………………………………………….? …………………………………..……………………

II- USE OF WHERE: Se usa para preguntar por el lugar donde se va a realizar una determinada acción . Tiene como significado en castellano: DONDE.

WHERE + BE ( am , is , are ) + SUBJ. + GOING TO + COMPLEMENT?

Where are you GOING TO go later?

Where is Helen GOING TO study?

Where are the boys GOING TO play football?

Where is the doctor GOING TO work?

Where are your parents GOING TO travel?

Where is the baby GOING TO sleep?

======================================================

EXAMPLES:

1- My brother is going to live in Canada.

Where is your brother going to live ? In Canada.

2- The dogs are going to eat on the bed.

Where are the dogs going to eat? On the bed.

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GRAMMAR PRACTICE

I.- MAKE QUESTIONS IN FUTURE GOING TO USING : WHERE AND GIVE ANSWER.

1- Those men are going to fish in the river. Where …………………………………………………………….………..? ………………………………….………………2- Daniel is going to export shoes to Europe. Where ………………………………………………………………………..? ……………………………………....…………3- My sisters are going to learn English in the university. Where ………………………………………………………………….…..? …………………………………..………………4- The policeman is going to stop the cars on the corner . Where ………………………………………………………………….…..? …………………………………..………………5- My father is going to change money in the bank . Where …………………………………………………………………..…..? …………………………………..………………6- The students are going to finish the homework in the classroom. Where ………………………………………………………………………..? ………………………….……...………………7- The teacher is going to live in Spain. Where ………………………………………………………………….…….? …………………………….….…………………8- You are going to practice tennis in the club. Where ……………………………………………………………………….? ……………………………………………………9- My mother is going to buy in the market. Where ………………………………………………………………….…..? ………………………….…………..……………10- Those women are going to sell in the store.

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Where ………………………………………………………………..……? ………………………….……….………………11- The cat is going to sleep on the sofa. Where ………………………………………………………………………? ……………………………………………………

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12- The plane is going to fly from Lima to Miami . Where ……………………………………………………………………? ……………………………………..………………13- Helen is going to write poems in her bedroom. Where ………………………………………………………………….…? ………………………………………………………14- Anna and Teresa are going to work in the university . Where ……………………………………………………………….….? …………………………….……..…………………15- It is going to snow in New York. Where ……………………………………………………………………? …………………………….……..…………………16- My father is going to take to my sister to her school. Where …………………………………………………………….…….? …………………………….……..…………………17- The doctors are going to drink a soda in the cafeteria. Where ……………………………………………………………..……..? ……………………………..………………………18- I am going to go to the discotec. Where ……………………………………………………………..……? …………………………….…………………………19- Cristina is going to ride a horse in the far m. Where ………………………………………………………………….….? …………………………………..…………………20. My family is going to visit some friends in Spain. Where……………………………………………………………………...? ……………………………………….………………

III- USE OF WHO : Se usa esta palabra interrogativa para preguntar por el sujeto quien va a realizar una determinada acción. Esta palabra interrogativa siempre va a preguntar en singular, es decir con el verbo TO BE IS. Tiene como significado en castellano: QUIEN.

WHO + TO BE ( is ) + GOING TO + VERB + COMPLEMENT ?

Who is GOING TO read in the living room?

Who is GOING TO learn German?

Who is GOING TO play with the toys?

Who is GOING TO go to the movie?

Who is GOING TO speak in French?

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Who is GOING TO travel to Italy? __________________________________________________________

EXAMPLES:

1- My sister is going to wear new shoes.

Who is going to wear new shoes ? My sister is.

2- The teachers are going to explain the classes.

Who is going to explain the classes ? The teachers are.

3- Peter is going to get up late .

Who is going to get up late ? Peter is.

GRAMMAR PRACTICE

I.- MAKE QUESTIONS IN FUTURE GOING TO USING : WHO + AN ANSWER.

1- My parents are going to save money in the bank. Who …………………………………………………………………..………? ……………………………..………………2- Mary is going to help to Peter. Who ……………………………………………………………………….….? …………………………………………………3- My friend is going to graduate as a lawyer. Who ………………………………………………………………………….? ………………………………..………………4- Daniel and José are going to fix the my car . Who …………………………………………………………………………..? …………………………………..……………5- The children are going to draw cartoons.

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Who ……………………………………………………………………...….? …………………………………………………6- My mother is going to wash the sheets. Who ……………………………………………………………………....….? …………………………………………………7- My brother is going to kiss to his girlfriend . Who ……………………………………………………………………..…...? ………………………..…………………………

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8- You are going to call to the doctor by phone . Who ……………………………………………………………………..…..? ……………………………………..…………9- The doctor is going to help to the people in the hospital . Who ………………………………………………………………………….? …………………………………………………10- The students are going to finish the exercises . Who ……………………………………………………………………..……? …………………….…………………………11- The cat is going to sleep on the sofa. Who ……………………………………………………………………...…? ……………………………….…………………12- The doctor is going to fly from Lima to Miami. Who …………………………………………………………………....……? …………………………..………………………13- Helen is going to write poems in her bedroom. Who ………………………………………………………………..…..……? …………………………………………………14- Anna and Teresa are going to work in the university. Who …………………………………………………………………….…….? ……………………….…………………………15- Daniel is going to work in New York. Who …………………………………………………………………..………? ……………………………………………………16- My father is going to take to my sister to her school. Who ………………………………………………………………….……….? ……………………………………………………17- The doctors are going to drink a soda in the cafeteria. Who…………………………………………………………………………..? …………………….……………………………18- I am going to go to the discotec. Who …………………………………………………………………….……? ………………………….………………………

IV- USE OF WHEN: Esta palabra interrogativa pregunta por el momento en que se va a realizar una

Determinada acción en el futuro. Significa: CUANDO.

WHEN + BE + SUBJEC + GOING TO + VERB + COMPLEMENT?

When are you going to travel to Canada?Pág 84


When is Daniel going to go to the movie?

When is the doctor going to eat in the hospital?

When is your father going to stay in the factory?

_________________________________________________________________________________

Examples: 1- Mary is going to slept tonight.

When is Mary going to sleep late? Tonight.

2- Alice is going to leave the city next week.

When is Alice going to leave the city? Next week.

3- My brother and Betty are going to get marry next year.

When are my brother and Betty going to get marry? Next year.

GRAMMAR PRACTICE

I. - CHANGE TO QUESTION THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITH: WHEN AND GIVE AN ANSWER.

1- Your father is going to see you later.

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When ……………………………………………………………………….….?

………………………………………………

2- My brother is going to come from France next year.

When…………………………………………………………………..….….? ……………………….

………………..……

3- Your sister is going to make many mistakes tomorrow.

When…………………………………………………………………..………? ………………….……………….

……………

4- Helen is going to wait for you after class next week.

When……………………………………………………………………..…….? …………………………………..

…………

5- Carmen and Betty is going to work in the factory next month.

When……………………………………………………………..…………….? …………………..……………..

……………

6- My boss is going to ask me to help him tonight.

When…………………………………………………………………………….?

…………………………………….…………

7- The factory is going to close next year.

When……………………………………………………………………………? …………………………….

………….………

8- Mariana is going to finish her carrier next month.

When……………………………………………………………………..……? ………………………….

…………..………

9- Jim´s parents are going to travel next week.

When……………………………………………………………………………….? ………………………….

……………..……

10 My father and mother are going to stay in France next year.

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When……………………………………………………………………….………?

……………………………………………

11- The teacher is going to tell the students to study for the exam next class

When …………………………………………………………………………..…? ……………………….

…………………

12- You are going to buy a new car next Saturday.

When ……………………………………………………………………..………? ……………………….

…………………

ADJECTIVES IN COMPARATIVE DEGREE

En inglés usamos los adjetivos comparativos cuando comparamos dos personas o cosas. Es muy importante conocer las reglas que se siguen para formar los adjetivos comparativos y por ello esta lección comienza por mostrar la gramática de este tema. Se forma de dos modos:

Añadiendo al adjetivo el sufijo -er para el comparativo de superioridad y -est para el superlativo.

big (grande) bigger (más grande)

Reglas para formar comparativos en inglés

1.- Adjetivos cortos: Para la mayoría de los adjetivos con una silaba (adjetivos cortos), añadimos la terminación "-er" para formar su comparativo:

EXAMPLES:

small / smaller (pequeño / mas pequeño)

cool / cooler (fresco / más fresco)

cheap / cheaper (barato / más barato)

fast / faster (rápido / más rápido)

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clean / cleaner (limpio / más limpio)

He is taller than his brother

Aunque la regla es simplemente agregar "-er" al final, en algunos casos de adjetivos cortos se tienen las siguientes excepciones:

a) Para adjetivos cortos que terminan en "-e", solo agregar "-r":

EXAMPLES:

wide / wider (ancho / más ancho)

nice / nicer (agradable / más agradable)

safe / safer (seguro / más seguro)

b) Para adjetivos cortos (monosílabos) que terminan en una vocal y una consonante, se dublica la consonante y agregar "-er":

EXAMPLES:

fat / fatter (gordo / más gordo)

thin / thinner (delgado / más delgado)

big / bigger (grande / más grande)

El segundo término de la comparación utiliza la forma “than” que corresponde al que español: QUE.

Examples:

Mary is taller than Max. Max is older than John. My hair is longer than your hair. Max's story is longer story than Peter’s. Venus is brighter than Pluto. My mother is fatter than your mother. You are thinner than me.

2. RULE: Para adjetivos cortos que terminan en "-y", cambiar la "y" por "i" y agregar terminación: "-er":

EXAMPLES:Pág 88


Dry / drier than (seco / más seco)

Heavy / heavier than (pesado / más pesado)

Happy / happier than (feliz / más feliz)

Easy / easier than

Angry / angrier than

Busy / busier than

Examples:

John is happier today than he was yesterday. Max is angrier than Mary. I am crazier than you. Math is easier than chemestry. Mary is busier than Max.

3. RULE: (Adjetivos largos) Para muchos adjetivos con 3 o más silabas, usamos "more" más el adjetivo original: more + adjective.

EXAMPLES: expensive / more expensive (caro / más caro)

Beautiful / more beautiful (bonito / más bonito)

Generous / more generous (generoso / más generoso)

Beautiful more beautiful pleasant more pleasant

careful more careful interesting more interesting

Examples:

This morning is more peaceful than yesterday morning. Max's house is more expensive than my house. Max is more careful than Mike. You are more intelligent than Betty. John is more generous than Jack. Health is more important than money. Women are more intelligent than men.

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4. RULE: Exceptions, irregular adjectives. Algunos adjetivos tienen una forma comparativa especial:

EXAMPLES:

Good- better than

Bad - worse than

Far - farther than

Little - less than

Many - more than

Realizando comparaciones en oraciones afirmativas:

Para oraciones afirmativas usamos la palabra "than" después del comparativo para efectuar la comparación:

Ejemplos singular:

1.- Victor is taller than Adrian.

(Víctor es más alto que Adrián)

2.- Marcela is uglier than Karla.

(Marcela es más fea que Karla)

3.- He is more extroverted than John.

(Él es más extrovertido que Juan)

4.- Megan is more attractive than Britney.

(Megan es más atractiva que Britney)

Ejemplos plural:

1- Those shoes are better than yours.

(Esos zapatos son mejores que los tuyos)

2.- Elephants are bigger than tigers.

(Los elefantes son más grandes que los tigres)

3.- The books are more interesting than movies.

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(Los libros son más interesantes que las películas)

4.- Apples are more expensive than oranges.

(Las manzanas son más caras que las naranja)

Nota: Cuando no mencionamos las 2 cosas no se usa "than":

EJEMPLOS:

That book is cheaper (Ese libro es más barato)

My bed is more comfortable (Mi cama es más cómoda)

Those wheels are worse (Esas llantas son peores)

These computers are faster (Estas computadoras son más rápidas)

Examples:

Italian food is better than American food.

My dog is the best dog in the world. My mother's cooking

is worse than your mother's cooking.

MONOSÍLABOS

COMPARATIVOADJ + ER

smallpequeño

smallermás pequeño

tallalto

tallermás alto

youngjoven

youngermás joven

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ADJETIVOSLARGOS

COMPARATIVOMORE + ADJ

expensivecaro

more expensivemás caro

modernmoderno

more modernmás moderno

beautifulhermoso

more beautifulmás hermoso

elegantelegante

more elegantmás elegante

interestinginteresante

more interestingmás interesante

dangerouspeligroso

more dangerousmás peligroso


oldviejo

oldermás viejo

newnuevo

newermás nuevo

longlargo

longermás largo

shortcorto

shortermás corto

biggrande

biggermás grande

fatgordo

fattermás gordo

ADJETIVO O ADVERBIO COMPARATIVO

BISÍLABOS COMPARATIVOADJ + ER

goodbueno

bettermejor

easyfácil

easiermás fácil

wellbien

bettermejor

happyfeliz

happiermás feliz

badmalo

worsepeor

crazyloco

craziermás loco

badlymal

worsepeor

noisyruidoso

noisiermás ruidoso

muchmucho

moremás

busyocupado

busiermás ocupado

many more early earlier

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muchos más temprano más temprano

littlepoco

lessmenos

prettybonita

prettiermás bonita

farlejos

farthermás lejos

farlejos

furthermás lejos

REALIZANDO COMPARACIONES CON “LESS”:

Hasta el momento se han visto ejemplos de oraciones en las que se hacían comparaciones con "más", pero también es posible hacer comparativos de "menos" anteponiendo la palabra "less" previo a adjetivos largos. En este caso no cambia el adjetivo. LESS + ADJECTIVE

EXAMPLES:

1.- This country is less dangerous than yours. (Este país es menos peligroso que el tuyo)2.- Paty is less extroverted than Mary. (Patricia es menos extrovertida que María)3.- The books are less interesting than movies. (Los libros son menos interesantes que las películas)4.- Oranges are less expensive than apples. (Las naranjas son menos caras que las manzanas)

"AS + ADJECTIVE + AS" / TAN … COMO

Realizando comparaciones en oraciones negativas:En oraciones negativas usamos la forma de negación en verbo "to be" y la estructura "as adjective as", dependiendo si hablamos en singular o plural.

Ejemplos singular:

1.- I'm not as fat as John. (No soy tan gordo como Juan)

2.- Lucy is not as shy as Kate. (Luci no es tan timida como Kate)

3.- Avatar is not as good as Titanic. (Avatar no es tan buena como Titanic)

4.- A cake is not as tasty as ice cream. (Un pastel no es tan sabroso como un helado)

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Ejemplos plural:

1.- Scary movies are not as fun as comedies.(Las películas de espanto no son tan divertidas como las comedias)

2.- Dogs are not as clean as cats. (Los perros no son tan limpios como los gatos)

3.- Tablets are not as useful as smartphones. (Las tablets no son tan útiles como los teléfonos inteligentes)

4.- Cars are not as heavy as airplanes. (Los carros no son tan pesados como los aviones)

Nótese que en este tipo de oraciones no se siguen las reglas del comparativo, es decir, no se cambia el adjetivo a ninguna otra forma sino que se coloca tal como se vio en la lista de adjetivos

GRAMMAR PRACTICE

I. FILL IN THE CORRECT FORM OF THE WORDS IN BRACKETS IN COMPARATIVE DEGREE.

1. My house is (big) ___________________________________________ yours.

2. This flower is (beautiful) ____________________________________ that one.

3. This is the (interesting) _____________________________________ book I have ever read.

4. Non-smokers usually live (long) _______________________________ smokers.

5. Which is the (dangerous) ____________________________________ animal in the world?

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6. A holiday by the sea is (good) ________________________________ a holiday in the mountains.

7. It is strange but often a coke is (expensive) ______________________ a beer.

8. Who is the (rich) ____________________________________________ woman on earth?

9. The weather this summer is even (bad) _________________________ last summer.

10. He was the (clever) __________________________________________ thief of all.

11. Bob is (young) _________________________________________________ Homero.

12. homero is (old) __________________________________________________ Alice.

13. Alice is (slim) ___________________________________________________ Bob.

14. Bob is (short) ___________________________________________________ Homero.

15. homero is (fat) ___________________________________________________ Bob.

16. Alice is (short) __________________________________________________ Homero.

17. homero is (ugly) _________________________________________________ Alice.

18. homero is (slow) _________________________________________________ Bob.

19. Bob is (tidy) ____________________________________________________ Homero.

20. Alice is (beautiful) _______________________________________________ Bob.

21. Alice has got (long) _______________________________________________ hair than Bob.

22. homero can play the guitar (good) ____________________________________ Alice.

23. Alice can run (fast) ________________________________________________ Homero.

24. Alice draws (bad) _________________________________________________ Bob.

25. Bob is (intelligent) _________________________________________________ Homero.

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26. homero is an (interesting) __________________________________________ person than Bob.

II. IN THIS EXERCISE YOU WILL PRACTISE COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES: (BIG, OLD, BAD, LONG, TALL, CHEAP, EXPENSIVE, GOOD, DIFFICULT, SMALL, YOUNG, FAR).

1. Our house is ________________________________ theirs.

2. I'm ________________________________________ my brother.

3. Tortoises live ________________________________ cats.

4. Electrical goods are usually _____________________ in America than in Britain.

5. Electrical goods are usually ______________________ in Britain than in America.

6. Bob Dylan is a ________________________________ singer than George Michael.

7. I think studying mathematics is _________________________________ learning English.

8. Switzerland is much ___________________________________________ Germany.

9. My brother is 30 and I am 25 - I am ______________________________ him.

10. Oxford is quite near to London, but Liverpool is ______________________.

THE SUPERLATIVE DEGREE

Use the superlative degree when you are comparing more than two. The superlative degree puts the modified word over all the others in its group. The Superlative Degree denotes the existence of the highest degree of the quality. Examples:

This is the tallest building. Apple is the sweetest fruit.

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The strawberries are sweeter than the apples, but the oranges are the sweetest of all.

Word

Comparative

Superlative

big bigger The biggest

tall taller The tallest

Adjectives and adverbs ending in -y drop the -y and add an -ier in the comparative degree and an: The -iest in the superlative degree.

Word

Comparative

Superlative

dry drier The driestearly earlier The

earliest

Degrees of comparison can also be distinguished with the use of "more" and " The most" in the superlative degree.

Irregular Adjectives Irregular Adverbs

POSITIVE

COMPARATIVE

SUPERLATIVE

bright brighter The brightest

black blacker The blackest

clever cleverer The cleverest

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Word

Comparative

Superlative

badly

worse The worst

much

more The most

little less The leastfar farther

farthestThe furtherThe furthest

much

more The most

well better The best

Word

Comparative

Superlative

good better The bestbad worse The worstmuch

more The most

little less The leastfar farther

farthestThe furtherThe furthest


cold colder The coldest

fast faster The fastest

great greater The greatest

high higher The highest

kind kinder The kindest

long longer The longest

small smaller The smallest

strong stronger The strongest

sweet sweeter The sweetest

tall taller The tallest

young younger The youngest

POSITIVE

COMPARATIVE

SUPERLATIVE

dry drier The driesteasy easier The easiesthappy happier The

happiestheavy heavier The

heaviestlazy lasier The lasiest

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BY DOUBLING THE FINAL CONSONATS

POSITIVE

COMPARATIVE

SUPERLATIVE

big bigger The biggestThin Thinner The

thinnestfat fatter The fattesthot hotter The hottestsad sadder The saddestBY USING MORE AND MOST

POSITIVE

COMPARATIVE

SUPERLATIVE

active more active The most activeattractive more

attractiveThe most attractive

beautiful more beautiful The most beautiful

brilliant more brilliant The most brilliant

careful more careful The most carefuldifficult more difficult The most

difficultfamous more famous The most famouspopular more popular The most

popular


GRAMMAR PRACTICEI.- COMPLETE THE SENTENCES USING THE SUPERLATIVE FORM OF THE ADJECTIVE IN BRACKETS:

1.- Peter ___________ the ____________________ teacher in the school. (GOOD)2.- I _________ the ___________________ boy in the class. (TALL)3.- You ____________ the __________________ girl in the class. (FUNNY)4.- This _________ the ____________________ beach in the island. (COLD)5.- This ________ the ___________________________ island in the world. (BEAUTIFUL)6.- These ___________ the ________________________________ trousers in the shop. (EXPENSIVE)7.- My bag __________ the __________________________ bag in the class. (HEAVY)8.- My cat ___________ the ______________________________ cat in the town. (FAT)9.- This ________ the _______________________________ car in the garage. (BAD)II.- MAKE STATEMENTS IN SUPERLATIVE DEGREE.

1.- Bob/is/tall student/in the class__________________________________________________________________________________2.- Sharon/is/nice person/I know__________________________________________________________________________________3.- Life is Beautiful/is/interesting movie__________________________________________________________________________________4.- Gino's Pizzeria/has/good pizza/in Chicago__________________________________________________________________________________5.- Paul/is/funny person/I know__________________________________________________________________________________6.- Helen/is/beautiful woman/I know__________________________________________________________________________________7.- Fred/has/big house/in our neighborhood__________________________________________________________________________________8.- She/is/bad cook/in our family__________________________________________________________________________________9.- That/is/small car/in the parking lot

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__________________________________________________________________________________III.- COMPLETE THIS EXERCISE USING COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES.

1.- Mount Everest is ___________________________________ Cerro Aconcagua. (high)

2.- I like music. To me, music is ______________ interesting than maths.

3.- Cheetahs are ______________________________ than tigers or lions. (fast)

4.- The Parana is a long river...The Amazon is longer. But the Nile is the ____________ in the world. 5.- Mariah Carey is a bit _________________________ than Madonna. (young)

6.- This Ferrari is the ______________ expensive car in the world!

7.- Which is the heaviest? Gold, silver or aluminium? "Gold is the ___________________of the three"

8.- The giraffe is ___________________ than the elephant. (tall)

9.- Laurel and Hardy were _______________________ than the Simson" (funny)

10.- Albert Einstein was more _____________ than our former president..."Anyone was" (intelligent)

11.- Pluto is _______________________ than Mars (cold)

12.- Mercury is the __________________________ planet to the Sun. (close)

13.- The Atacama desert is _______________________ than the Amazonian region. (dry)

14.- The Saharan desert is the ______________________________ one in the world. (big)

15.- A horse lives longer than a dog...But a tortoise lives the _____________________________

16.- Which is smaller, China, Argentina or Monaco? "Obviously Monaco is the ________ of the three"

IV. COMPLETE IN SUPERLATIVE DEGREE.

1. She’s a pretty girl. She’s __________________________________________ girl in my

class.

2. There are many exciting cities in North America, but I think New York is

_________________.

3. August is a hot month in Spain. It’s usually _________________________ month of the

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4. I was so happy when I got married. My wedding day was __________________day of

my life.

5. It’s such an expensive restaurant. I think it’s the ___________________ restaurant in

Madrid.

6. It’s a very interesting book. It’s one of the ________________________ books I’ve ever

read.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE (PRETÉRITO PERFECTO)

El "present perfect" es un tiempo que sirve para describir acciones que acaban de suceder en el pasado y que guardan alguna relación con el presente. Equivale en castellano al pretérito perfecto:

I have bought a car.I have seen that movie twenty times.I think I have met him once before.

There have been many earthquakes in California.People have traveled to the Moon.Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.

Yo he comprado un coche: nos indica que la acción de comprar el coche acaba de realizarse.Si por el contrario utilizáramos el "past simple" esta conexión con el presente se pierde:

I bought a car.

Yo compré un coche: no implica que la acción haya sido reciente, ni que aún siga teniendo ese coche.En las oraciones con "present perfect" no se suele mencionar el momento en el que se ha desarrollado la acción:

I have read a book. Yo he leído un libro: la acción acaba de finalizar.Pág 101


No obstante, a veces sí se puede mencionar el periodo de tiempo en el que la acción se ha desarrollado, pero únicamente si este periodo de tiempo aún no ha finalizado:

This morning I have drunk three coffees. Esta mañana me he tomado 3 cafés

Utilizo en este caso el "present perfect" si el periodo de la mañana aún no ha terminado.

Otro uso típico del "present perfect" es para describir acciones que empezaron en el pasado y que aún no han finalizado:

I have lived in this city since 1980. He vivido en esta ciudad desde 1980. Implica que sigo viviendo en la ciudad. I have played tennis since my childhood. He jugado al tenis desde mi infancia. y sigo jugando.El "present perfect" se forma con el auxiliar "to have" en presente del indicativo (simple present), más el participio (past participle) del verbo principal:

1. AFFIRMATIVE FORM.

I have listened to the news.Yo he escuchado las noticias She has watched TV. Ella ha visto la tele

2. NEGATIVE FORM. La forma negativa se forma con la partícula de negación "not" entre el auxiliar (have, has) y el verbo principal.

EXAMPLES: I have not done my homework. Yo no he hecho mis deberes. People have not traveled to Mars. James has not finished his homework yet. Bill has still not arrived. The rain hasn't stopped.INTERROGATIVE FORM:La forma interrogativa se construye con el auxiliar al comienzo de la oración, seguido del sujeto y del verbo principal:

EXAMPLES:

Have you been to Seville? ¿Has estado en Sevilla? Have you read the book yet? Has there ever been a war in the United States? Have you been to Mexico the last year?

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SIGNAL WORDS

SIMPLE PAST PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

yesterday

... ago

in 1990

the other day

last ...

just already up to now until now / till now ever (not) yet so far lately / recently

GRAMMAR PRACTICE

I.- MAKE SENTENCES IN PRESENT PERFECT, AFFIRMATIVE FORM.

1. I _________________________ in this city Yo he estado en esta ciudad2. She _______________________ anything. Ella no ha comido nada3. We ________________________ tennis. Nosotros hemos jugado al tenis4. ___________________________ to the cinema? ¿Has ido al cine?5. She ________________________ this book. Ella no ha leído este libro6. We ________________________ at home. Nosotros hemos comido en casa7. ____________________________ my sister? ¿Has visto tú a mi hermana?8. The kids _____________________ their homework. Los niños han hecho sus deberes9. We __________________________ this film. Nosotros hemos visto esta película10. ____________________________ a new car? ¿Te has comprado un coche nuevo?

II.- A) READ AND CHOOSE THE CORRECT ALTERNATIVE:

1. He _________________ for the boss for over 10 minutes. (wait)2. _______________________any gold yet? - Yes, he has. (find)3. Richard _____________the tickets for "Avatar" yesterday. (buy)4. He still ____________________a shower. (not – have)5. My football team _______________ the cup twice so far. (win)6. The alarm clock _____________________at 7 a.m. (ring)7. Kevin ___________________ the school bus last Monday. (catch)8. I __________________________ my paperwork. (finish)

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9. _______________________ a lot of pictures when you visited Paris? (take)10. He ___________________________ United's best football player in 2008. (be)

III.- READ AND COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH EITHER THE PRESENT PERFECT OR THE SIMPLE PAST OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS:1. I _________________________ (not go) to school last week because I _________ (be) sick.2. Paul _____________________________ (just/start) reading a new book.3. He ____________________________________ (never/eat) such delicious cookies.4. Michael ________________________________ (drink) too much last night.5. _________________________________ (you/ever/be) late for school?6. I _______________________________ (already/do) the laundry. Now I need to do some ironing.7. ______________________________________ (they/wash) their father's car on Sunday?8. I ____________________________________ (arrive) from Italy yesterday morning.9. Linda's husband only ____________________ (leave) 5 minutes ago and she already misses him.10. Sarah ________________________________ (work) in this company since she was very young. IV.- PUT IN THE VERBS IN BRACKETS INTO THE GAPS. USE PRESENT PERFECT.1) Karen ___________________________________________________ me an e-mail. (to send)2) Dave and Pat _____________________________________________ the museum. (to visit)3) I ___________________________________________________ at the pet shop. (to be)4) They _______________ already __________________________ their rucksacks. (to pack)5) Marcus _____________________________________________ an accident. (to have)6) We _________________________________________ the shopping for our grandmother. (to do)7) I _____________ just ________________________ my bike. (to clean)8) Emily __________________________________________ her room. (to paint)9) Lisa and Colin ________________________________________ to a concert. (to go)10) My friends ____________________________________________ smoking. (to give up)V.- WRITE POSITIVE SENTENCES IN PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

1. Bob / visit / his grandma ____________________________________________________________________________

2. Jimmy / play / on the computer Pág 104


____________________________________________________________________________3. Sue and Walter / wash / their car

____________________________________________________________________________4. Andrew / repair / his bike

____________________________________________________________________________5. Phil / help / Anne with maths

____________________________________________________________________________6. Brad and Louise / watch / a film

____________________________________________________________________________7. Tamara / talk to / her best friend

____________________________________________________________________________8. Bridgette / draw / a picture

____________________________________________________________________________9. Carol / read / a computer magazine

____________________________________________________________________________10. Tom and Alice / be / to a restaurant____________________________________________________________________________

VI. FILL THE GAPS WITH 'HAVE' OR 'HAS'.

1.I ___________ answered the question. 2.She ___________ opened the window. 3.They __________ called us. 4.You __________ carried a box. 5.It __________ rained a lot. 6.We ____________ washed the car. 7.He ______________ closed the window. 8.Jenny _______________ locked the door. 9.The girls _____________ visited the museum. 10.John and Sophie _____________ helped in the garden.

VII. WRITE NEGATIVE SENTENCES IN PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE.

1.Sarah / not / wash the dishes ______________________________________________________________________________

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2.Anita / not / clean the kitchen ______________________________________________________________________________3.Maureen and Gavin / not / water the plants ______________________________________________________________________________4.Joey / not / make his bed ______________________________________________________________________________5.David / not / buy milk ______________________________________________________________________________6.Lisa / not / be to the baker's _____________________________________________________________________________7.Aran and Jack / not / do their homework _____________________________________________________________________________8.Jane and Ben / not / tidy up their rooms _____________________________________________________________________________9.Alex / not / feed the hamster _____________________________________________________________________________10.Hazel / not / empty the bin _____________________________________________________________________________VIII. WRITE QUESTIONS IN PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE.

1.you / answer / the question ______________________________________________________________________________2.Jenny / lock / the door ______________________________________________________________________________3.Walter / call / us ______________________________________________________________________________4.you / see / the picture ______________________________________________________________________________5.your parents / get / the letter ______________________________________________________________________________6.it / rain / a lot ______________________________________________________________________________7.how often / we / sing / the song ______________________________________________________________________________

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8.Maureen / watch / the film ______________________________________________________________________________9.how many books / Bob / read ______________________________________________________________________________10.ever / you / be / to London ______________________________________________________________________________

IX. PUT THE VERBS INTO THE CORRECT FORM (PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE).

1.I (not / work) ________________________________________________________ today.

2.We (buy) _________________________________________________________ a new lamp.

3.We (not / plan) _________________________________________________ our holiday yet.

4.Where (be / you) _________________________________________?

5.He (write) __________________________________________________________ five letters.

6.She (not / see) __________________________________________________ him for a long time.

7.(be / you) ________________________________________________________ at school?

8.School (not / start) ______________________________________________ yet.

9.(speak / he) ____________________________________________________ to his boss?

10.No, he (have / not) _____________________________________________ the time yet.

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SINCE / FOR

I. USE OF: 'SINCE' - Se usa como una referencia a un punto de tiempo cuando algo empezó. En español suele decirse ‘desde’ o ‘desde que’.

EXAMPLES:

Since this morning = Desde esta mañana since last week = Desde la semana pasadaSince yesterday = Desde ayer since I was 12 = Desde que tenia 12 añosSince Friday = Desde el viernes since 6 o'clock = Desde las 6:00EXAMPLES:

1. We’ve had this car since January Tenemos este coche desde enero.

2. My mother has been a teacher since 1990. Mi madre ha sido (es) profesora desde 1999

3. I have lived in Canada since 1984. Yo vivo en Canadá desde 1984

4.I have been here since 9 o'clock Yo he estado aquí desde las 9: 00

5. John hasn't called since February. John no ha llamado desde Febrero.

6. He has worked in New York since he left school. El ha trabajado en Nueva York desde que salió de la escuela

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7. I have been in Ireland since I was born in 1980 Yo he estado en Irlanda desde que naci en 1980

II. USE OF : “FOR” Se usa para decir cuánto tiempo ha durado una acción. For + (periodo de tiempo) : describe la duración temporal de una acción. Se traducen como "durante / desde hace”.

EXAMPLES: For three hours: Desde hace 3 horas For one week: Desde hace una semana For two years: Desde hace 2 años For an hour : Desde hace una hora For a month : Desde hace un mes For hours : Desde hace horas For a long time: Desde hace mucho tiempo

EXAMPLES: 1. We’ve had this computer for about six months. (Nosotros tenemos esta computadora desde hace unos seis meses)

2. I have been here for two hours (Yo he estado aquí durante dos horas)

3. They have been here for 20 minutes. (Ellos han estado aquí desde hace 20 minutos)

4. John hasn't called for 6 months. John no ha llamado desde hace 6 meses)

5. He has worked in New York for a long time. (El ha trabajado en Nueva York desde hace mucho tiempo)

FOR SINCE

A PERIOD OF TIME A POINT IN PAST TIME

20 minutes 6.15pm

three days Monday

6 months January

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4 years 1994

2 centuries 1800

a long time I left school

ever the beginning of time

etc etc

COMPARAR: I’ve known Eric since 1999. I’ve known Eric for 11 years (si estamos en 2010)

GRAMMAR PRACTICEI. COMPLETE: FOR OR SINCE.

1- They´ve been working................................... five or six hours.2- Nobody has come to see us ............................ we bought this small house.3- She has been a doctor .................................... 19984- Nobody has seen her................................... Then.5- They have all been ill ................................. the last week.6- My father has been talking to them in that room.......................... six or seven hours.7- He bought the car in 1999 and has driven it .............................. then.8- Peter went to the library. He has studied there............................. a long time.9- It has been very foggy .................................... early morning.10- I´ve worked with you .................................. nine years.11- I have tried to finish this letter ......................... the last half an hour.12- He has been in prison ............................... two years.13- She´s worked in that office.......................... a month.14- He hasn´t eaten anything ............................... twenty-four hours.15- He hasn´t eaten anything ............................... yesterday.16- They hasn´t spoken to us............................. we were at school.17- I haven´t talked to her ................................. my birthday.18- She´s been ill ................................. years.

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19- I´ve been very patient with you ........................... several years.20- I´ve had this job ........................... three months.21- I´ve known her ......................... we both studied in London.22- We´ve been living in Germany................................ 199723- They´ve had this car............................ April.24- Things have changed.................................. I was in your house.25- I´ve known her................................ ages.26- I´ve known her .............................. we were students.27- They have lived here ............................ 199728- We have been there............................ October29- I have been a vegetarian ............................ 199830- I have lived in this flat .............................. five years.

GRAMMAR PRACTICEI. COMPLETE: for or since.

1. I haven't phoned home........................... Christmas.2. We’ve been here ........................... nine o'clock.3. I have worked for International House ....................more than eight years.4. I haven't visited my home town........................... I left school.5. I haven't been to the cinema.......................... ages.6. I have studied non-stop............................. 9.15.7. I have had a driving license......................... I was eighteen.8. She hasn't had a day off .........................1999.9. Johan has been in England ........................ more than two weeks now.10. Peter has been my best friend........................... we were nine.II. COMPLETE: FOR OR SINCE.

1 My grandparents walk …………… twenty minutes a day. Click for answerfor 2 How long is it ……………..you wrote to your penpal? Click for answersince 3 We have been dating …………… a long time. Click for answerfor 4 That lady has been waiting for the bus …………. noon. Click for answersince 5 I studied for this test ……………….. three days straight. Click for answerfor 6 My family has lived here …………………… last March. Click for answersince 7 She has worked there …………………….. she finished college. Click for answersince

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8 I have been calling you …………………… half an hour. Click for answerfor 9 Lisa and Jill have been at the library ……………………… a long time. Click for answerfor 10 My teacher has been sick ………………………. last Monday.III. COMPLETA CON: SINCE OR FOR.

1. I have been waiting................................ 4 o'clock.2. Sue has only been waiting............................. 20 minutes.3. Tim and Tina have been learning English ...................... six years.4. Fred and Frida have been learning French.................... 1998.5. Joe and Josephine have been going out together.................... Valentine's Day.6. I haven't been on holiday....................... last July.7. Mary has been saving her money....................... many years.8. I haven't eaten anything ........................... breakfast.9. You have been watching TV....................... hours.10. We have been living here ........................ 2 months.

EVER / NEVER

1.- NEVER: La partícula 'never' se utiliza en frases afirmativas junto al presente perfecto para indicar que no se ha tenido una experiencia hasta el momento. "Never" significa nunca.

I have never travelled to England. Yo nunca he viajado a Inglaterra. I have never been to France. I have never visited Scotland.

2.- "EVER" en cambio, puede significar "nunca" y también "alguna vez". La partícula 'ever' se puede utilizar en preguntas para pedir información sobre alguna experiencia.

Have you ever been to England? ¿Has ido alguna vez a Inglaterra?

Es decir que si en una frase interrogativa necesitamos decir "alguna vez" siempre diremos EVER.Si usamos EVER (alguna vez) en preguntas, las respuestas negativas las haremos con NEVER.

EXAMPLES:

Have you ever studied German? No, I have never studied German. Have you ever been to China? No, I have never been to China. Has Fred ever read that book? No, he has never read it. Have you ever been to New York City? No, I have never been to New York City. Has Fred ever read that book? No, he have never read that book.

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Have you ever eaten at that restaurant? No, I have never eaten in that restaurant.

También la podemos utilizar en frases afirmativas después de los superlativos o la palabra 'only'.

La fórmula es: ADJECTIVE (S.D.) + SUJETO (NOUN) + "HAVE / HAS" + EVER + VERB (P. P.) + COMPLEMENT

EXAMPLES:

She is the tallest person I have ever seen. It is the only dog I have ever had. Es el único perro que he tenido nunca. The nicest man I've ever met = El hombre más simpático que he conocido.

GRAMMAR PRACTICE

I.- WRITE EVER OR NEVER AND TRANSLATE THE SENTENCES.

1.- Have you ______ eaten cheese? No, I have _____ eaten it.2.- I have _____ gone to England.3.- Peter has ______ written a book.4.- Has Lucy _____ travelled to New York? No, _______.5.- Have my friends _____ gone to play football?6.- My daughter has ______ done karate.7.- Have you ______ visited a museum? Of course.8.- Has my son ______ studied French? No, _______.9.- I have ______ gone to the gym.10.- Mary has ______ done aerobics.11. Have you _______ eaten lobster? 12. I have _________ been to France. 13. I think I have ________ really known you. 14. That’s the smallest car I have _________ ridden in.15. She is probably the most fascinating woman I have ________ met.

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II.- COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH EVER OR NEVER:

1. Have you ___ been to the opera? Never Ever 2. I've ___ eaten crocodile. Never Ever 3. Has she ___ lived abroad? Ever Never 4. They've ___ been to our house. Ever Never 5. Have we ___ seen that film? I can't remember. Never Ever

6. I've ___ spoken to him before. Ever Never7. She's ___ worn that dress. Never Ever8. Has he ___ broken his leg? Never Ever9. Have I ___ told you about my cousin Ivy? Never Ever10. I've ___ tried to play the piano. Ever Never

USE OF: ALREADY - YET

1.- "ALREADY" (ya) = se usa en oraciones positivas e interrogativas para expresar que una acción ya ha ocurrido o que ya se lleva o llevo a cabo.Examples:

1.- It is already noon and they haven´t come. 2.- I have already eaten. 3.- Has the class already begun?. 4.- I already did what you asked me to. 5.- Have you already written to John? 6.- I've already drunk three coffees this morning. 7.- Don't write to John, I've already done it. 8.- Have you already written to John? 9.- She Has already finished her homework. 10.- Have you already done your work? Yes, I already have done it. Or No, I haven´t done it yet.

2.- "YET" (todavía, aun) = se usa en oraciones negativas e interrogativas para expresar que una acción todavía no ha ocurrido o aun no ha pasado. En algunas

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http://www.mailxmail.com/curso-mas-completo-ingles/uso-already-yet


ocasiones se usa en frases afirmativas, con significado de "aun o todavía".Examples:

1.- Have the classes begun yet? no, not yet. 2.- They are not here yet. 3.- He hasn´t eaten yet. 4.- Have you met Judy yet? 5.- I haven't visited the Tate Gallery yet. 6.- Has he arrived yet? 7.- They haven't eaten yet. 1. JUST.- Se usa el present perfect con just para expresar acabar de en inglés. Se pone entre el verbo have/has y el participio pasado

EXAMPLES:

I have just got up. Acabo de levantarme.

GRAMMAR PRACTICE

I. MAKE SENTENCES WITH: JUST, ALREADY, YET.

1. he / meet / his friend. (just) __________________________________________________________________________________2. you / not drink / your glass of Coke. (yet) __________________________________________________________________________________3. I / make / my bed. (already) __________________________________________________________________________________4. We / not arrive. (yet) We / leave / the motorway. (just) __________________________________________________________________________________5. The director / talk / to him. (already) __________________________________________________________________________________6. I / write / the e-mail you asked me. (just) __________________________________________________________________________________7. She / not buy / the flat. (yet) But she wants to buy it soon. __________________________________________________________________________________ 8. He / be / really lucky. (just) He / win / the lottery. (just) __________________________________________________________________________________9. We / hear / the news. (already) It's horrible.

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_______________________________________________________________________ It's horrible. 10. Paul / not pay / for the dinner. (yet) __________________________________________________________________________________II. COMPLETE THESE SENTENCES: "ALREADY AND YET"

1) Has the class __________ begun?2) i ___________ did what you asked me to.3) they are not here _______.4) he hasn´t eaten _________.5) there are lots of things that you have ________ to experience.

FUTURE: WILL

"Will" se usa para expresar una promesa, una predicción o algo que se quiere hacer en el futuro o para hablar de decisiones que se toman mientras se habla:

EXAMPLES:

I need to get my medicine. I will go to the pharmacy tonight.Necesito comprar mi medicina. Iré a la farmacia esta noche.

I need some cash. I will pay with my debit card and ask for cash back.Necesito algo de efectivo. Pagaré con mi tarjeta débito y pediré efectivo de vuelta.

También es usado para decir predicciones de carácter general:

EXAMPLES:

I’m sure it will rain tomorrow.Estoy seguro de que va a llovermañana.

Gerardo Gómez will win the election. Gerardo Gómez va a ganar las elecciones.

Se forma con el verbo. "will" + verbo:

I will pay later. You will pay later. He will pay later.

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She will pay later. It will pay later. We will pay later. You will pay later. They will pay later.

EXAMPLE: I will call you tonight. I will stop smoking I will help you with that table.

We often call this the "future simple tense", but technically there are no future tenses in English. In this construction, the word will is a modal auxiliary verb. Here are the three main ways that we use will to talk about the future.

I.- NO PLAN.- We use will when there is no plan or decision to do something before we speak. We make the decision at the time of speaking.

EXAMPLES:

Hold on this. I'll get you a pen. We will see what we can do to help you. Maybe we'll stay at home and watch television tonight. Wait, I will help you.

In these examples, we had no plan before speaking. The decision was made at the time of speaking. We often use will with the verb think:

I think I'll go to the gym tomorrow.

I think I'll have a holiday next year.

I don't think I'll buy that car.

I think Sue will arrive in Paris at 6 pm.

I don't think he'll come. He will probably come back

tomorrow.

II.- PREDICTION.- We often use will to make a prediction about the future. Again, there is no plan. We are saying what we think will happen. This Future actions happen without the speaker's intention.

EXAMPLES:

It will rain tomorrow. People won't go to Jupiter before the 22nd century. Who do you think will get the job?

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The sun will shine tomorrow. The year 2,222 will be a very interesting year. John Smith will be the next President. The movie "Zenith" will win several Academy Awards. Maria won't get married.

III.- BE.- The verb be is an exception with will. Even when we have a very firm plan, and we are not speaking spontaneously, we can use will with be.

EXAMPLES:

I will be in London tomorrow. There will be 50 people at the party. The meeting will be at 9.30 am.

IV.- EXPRESS A PROMISE.- "Will" is usually used in promises.

EXAMPLES:

I will call you when I arrive. If I am elected President of the United States, I will make sure everyone has

access to inexpensive health insurance. I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party. Don't worry, I'll be careful. I won't tell anyone your secret. When you arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. I'll never leave you darling! I will always love you

¡Impotante!

"will" es un verbo modal (o auxiliar) que se utiliza para formar el futuro.

"will" siempre debe ir acompañado de otro verbo para formar el futuro.

GRAMMAR PRACTICE

I.- PUT IN THE VERBS IN BRACKETS INTO THE GAPS AND FORM SENTENCES. USE: WILL-FUTURE.

1) Tomorrow it …………………………………………….. in the north-west. (to rain)

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2) My friend ……………………………………………….. 12 next Monday. (to be) 3) Hey John! Wait a minute. I …………………………………………………. a word with you. (to have) 4) She ………………………………………………………….. her boss next week. (to contact) 5) I think you………………………………………………….. this job. (to get) 6) They……………………………………………………….. at about 6 pm. (to arrive) 7) The teacher………………………………………………… this exercise. (to explain) 8) He …………………………………………………………… the bottle of water. (to drop) 9) Lots of accidents……………………………………. in that weather. (to happen) 10) She………………………………………………. if you show her the spider. (to scream)11) The weather……………………………………….nice at the weekend. (to be)12) They……………………………………… back by 6:30 pm. (to be) 13) you …………………………………… me? (to help) 14) When………………………….. I……. you again? (to see) 15) His parents………………………….. him for being late. (to punish) 16) they……………………………….. the contract tonight? (to sign) 17) It………………………………… us three hours to get there. (to take) 18) This concert………………………… money for our school club. (to raise) 19) The meeting………………………………….. tomorrow morning. (to close) 20) She……………………………………………. me a copy of her essay. (to send)

II.- PUT IN THE VERBS IN BRACKETS INTO THE GAPS AND FORM NEGATIVE SENTENCES IN THE WILL-FUTURE.

1) Tim………………………………………………… the teacher. (not/to tell) 2) I hope I ……………………………………………..the train to Manchester. (not/to miss) 3) She…………………………………………………. her hair green. (not/to dye) 4) He…………………………………………………… breakfast tomorrow morning. (not/to prepare) 5) The manager………………………………………… trees in front of the office building. (not/to plant) 6) Melissa……………………………………………….. jeans at her party. (not/to wear) 7) My friends……………………………………………. in a city. (not/to live) 8) We……………………………………………………. about the bad weather. (not/to worry) 9) I……………………………………………………….. in this lake. (not/to swim)

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10) You………………………………………………….. the vase on the shelf. (not/to reach)11) The rain……………………………………………….in the afternoon. (not/to stop)12) This van…………………………………….. with 8 people in it. (not/to break down)

III.- PUT IN THE VERBS IN BRACKETS INTO THE GAP. USE WILL-FUTURE.

1) Philipp……………………………………15 next Wednesday. (to be) 2) They……………………………………… a new computer. (to get) 3) I think, my mother……………………………………… this CD. (to like) 4) Paul's sister…………………………………………….. a baby. (to have) 5) They……………………………………………… at about 4 in the afternoon. (to arrive) 6) Just a moment. I…………………………………… you with the bags. (to help) 7) In 2020 people ………………………………………… more hybrid cars. (to buy) 8) Marvin…………………………………………………. a party next week. (to have) 9) We…………………………………………. to Venice in June. (to fly) 10) Look at the clouds! It………………………………………. soon. (to rain) IV.- WRITE POSITIVE SENTENCES IN WILL FUTURE.

1. We…………………………………….(help) you. 2. I……………………………………….(get) you a drink. 3. I think our team…………………………………..(win) the match. 4. Maybe she……………………………………… (do) a language course in Malta. 5. I………………………………………. (buy) the tickets. 6. Perhaps she………………………………. (do) this for you. 7. Maybe we…………………………………. (stay) at home. 8.She hopes that he ………………………………(cook) dinner tonight. 9. I’m sure they……………………………………. (understand) your problem. 10. They……………………………………………. (go / probably) to the party.VI. PUT IN THE VERBS IN BRACKETS INTO THE GAPS AND FORM SENTENCES. USE WILL-FUTURE.

1. You (earn) ______________________________________ a lot of money.

2. You (travel) _____________________________________ around the world.

3. You (meet) ______________________________________ lots of interesting people.

4. Everybody (adore) _________________________________ you.Pág 120


5. You (not / have) ___________________________________ any problems.

6. Many people (serve) ________________________________ you.

7. They (anticipate) __________________________________ your wishes.

8. There (not / be) ___________________________________ anything left to wish for.

9. Everything (be) ____________________________________ perfect.

10. But all these things (happen / only) ________________________________ if you marry

me.

"BE LIKE" & "LOOK LIKE"

Preguntas de Personalidad / Apariencia En el momento de hacer preguntas acerca de personalidad y apariencia de las personas se sigue una gramática diferente aunque en ambos casos se utiliza la palabra "like" (no como verbo).

A) PREGUNTAS DE PERSONALIDAD

Para hacer preguntas acerca de personalidad se sigue la forma:

1) WHAT + BE + SUBJECT + LIKE?

Ejemplos:

What is Mike like? (¿Cómo es Miguel?)He's funny and extroverted. (Él es divertido y extrovertido)

What's Dana like? (¿Cómo es Dana?)She's selfish and unpleasant. (Ella es egoísta y desagradable)

What are your friends like? (¿Cómo son tus amigos?)They're kind and generous. (Ellos son amables y generosos.

Nótese que para responder a estas preguntas se tiene que tener conocimiento básico de los adjetivos de personalidad.

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Adjetivos de Personalidad:

Extroverted (Extrovertido)Funny (Divertido)Generous (Generoso)Happy (Feliz)

Kind (Amable)Nervous (Nervioso)Selfish (Egoísta)Shy (Tímido)Sweet (Dulce)Unpleasant (Desagradable)

B) PREGUNTAS DE APARIENCIA PERSONAL

Para hacer preguntas acerca de la apariencia de la gente se tienen en cuenta dos formas:

2) WHAT + DO + SUBJECT + LOOK LIKE?

Ejemplos:

What does Amanda look like? (¿Cómo es Amanda?)She's tall and thin. (Ella es alta y delgada)

What does Peter look like? (¿Cómo es Pedro?)He's fat and he has blue eyes. (Él es gordo y tiene ojos azules)

What do your brothers look like? (¿Cómo son tus hermanos?)They are strong and they have black hair. (Ellos son Fuertes y tienen pelo negro)

3) WHO + DO / DOES + SUBJECT + LOOK LIKE?

Ejemplos:

5. Who does your brother look like? (¿A quién se parece tu hermano?) He looks like my father. (Él se parece a mi padre)

6. Who does Sara look like? (¿A quién se parece Sara?) She looks like her grandmother. (Ella se parece a su abuela)

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7. Who do your sisters look like? (¿A quién se parecen tus hermanas?)

They look like my mother. (Ellas se parecen a mi madre)

Es de notar en estos ejemplos que cuando se pregunta de la apariencia física de la gente además de responder con adjetivos de personalidad también se puede responder con rasgos de la gente como el color de los ojos o del cabello.

Cuando comienza la pregunta con "Who" refiere a quien se parece físicamente. Menciono algunos adjetivos de personalidad vistos con anterioridad.

ADJETIVOS DE APARIENCIA:

Attractive (Atractivo) Beautiful (Hermoso) Chubby (Obeso) Fat (Gordo) Short (Chaparro)

Slim (Flaco)Strong (Fuerte)Tall (Alto)Thin (Delgado)Ugly (Feo)

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PHONETICAL SOUNDSTerminaciones "ed" del Past Tense de verbos regulares

Si la pronunciación de los verbos termina con "d" o " t" la "ed" se pronuncia como "id"

to visit (vísit) - visitar visited (vísitid)

to start (stáart) - empezar started (stáartid)

to want (wónt) - querer wanted (wóntid)

to add (ád) - añadir, agregar added (ádid)

to hate (jéit) - odiar, detestar hated (jéitid)

to rent (rént) - alquilar rented (réntid)

to arrest (arrést) - arrestar arrested (arréstid)

to wait (wéit) - esperar waited (wéitid)

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to rest (rést) - descanzar rested (réstid)

to accept (aksépt) - aceptar accepted (akséptid)

to eliminate (elíminéit) - eliminar

eliminated (elíminéitid)

to decide (disáid) - decidir decided (disáidid)

to repeat (ripít) - repetir repeated (ripítid)

Si la pronunciación de los verbos termina en "r", " n", " i" o "l"

la "ed" se pronuncia como "d"

to discover (discóver) - descubrir

discovered (discóverd)

to conquer (cónker) - conquistar

conquered (cónkerd)

to notify (nóutifái) - notificar notified (nóutifáid)

to specify (spécifái) - especificar

specified (spécifáid)

to explore (eksplóor) - explorar

explored (eksplóord)

to destroy (distrói) - destruir destroyed (distróid)Pág 125


to sweeten (suíten) - endulzar

sweetened (suítend)

to blacken (bláken) - ennegrecer

blackened (blákend)

to prefer (priféer) - preferir prefered (priféerd)

to combine (combáin) - combinar

combined (combáind)

to study (stáadi) - estudiar studied (stáadid)

to stay (stéi) - permanecer stayed (stéid)

to answer (ánser) - responder

answered (ánserd)

to clean (clíin) - limpiar cleaned (clíind)

to call (cóol) - llamar called (cóold)

to listen (lísn) - escuchar listened (lísnd)

Con el resto de las terminaciones:

la "ed" se pronuncia como "t"

to talk (tók) - hablar talked (tókt)

to walk (uók) - caminar walked (uókt)

to work (wéerk) - trabajar worked (wéerkt)

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to love (lóv) - amar loved (lóvt)

to receive (ricíiv) - recibir received (ricíivt)

to help (jélp) - ayudar, socorrer helped (jélpt)

to cook (kúk) - cocinar cooked (kúkt)

to live (lív) - vivir lived (lívt)

to dance (dáns) - bailar danced (dánst)

to smoke (smóuk) - fumar smoked (smóukt)

to arrive (arráiv) - llegar arrived (arráivt)

to wash (wósh) - lavar washed (wósht)

to fix (fíks) - arreglar, preparar fixed (fíkst)

to park (páark) - estacionar parked (páarkt)

to miss (mis) - extrañar, perder missed (míst)

to exercise (éksersáis) - hacer ejercicio

exercised (éksersáist)

En el inglés la pronunciación de la letra 'i' española tiene diferentes sonidos: live =/= leave, sick =/= seek, etc.

Pronunciar como "i" latina alargada

Pronunciar con "i" gutural corta

leave (líiv) - irse, dejar live (liv) - vivir

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seek (síik) - buscar sick (sik) - enfermo

feel (fíil) - sentir fill (fil) - llenar

steal (stíil) - robar, hurtar still (stil) - todavía

feet (fíit) - pies fit (fit) - caber

beet (bíit) - bit (bit) - pedacito

cheek (chíik) - mejilla chick (chik) - pollito, chica

heel (jíil) - talón, tacón hill (jil) - colina

keel (kíil) - quilla kill (kil) - matar

heat (jíit) - calor hit (jit) - golpear, golpe

leap (líip) - saltar, brincar lip (lip) - labio

meal (míil) - comida mill (mil) - molino

peel (píil) - pelar, cáscara pill (pil) - píldora, pastilla

wheel (wíil) - rueda will (wil) - voluntad, testamento

cheap (chíip) - barato chip (chip) - papa frita, ficha

leak (líik) - gotear, gotera lick (lik) - lamer

heap (jíip) - montón hip (jip) - cadera

Nota: Cuando la combinación de letras "ee" o "ea" se pronuncian como "i", ésta debe tener un sonido de "i" latina alargada

En el inglés la pronunciación de la letra 'a' española tiene diferentes sonidos: but =/= bat, cut =/= cat, etc.

Pronunciar con "a" gutural

Pronunciar con "æ"

Pág 128


but (bát) - pero, sino bat (bæt) - murciélago

cut (kát) - cortar, corte cat (kæt) - gato

bud (bád) - capullo bad (bæd) - malo

mud (mád) - barro mad (mæd) - loco

bug (bág) - bicho, chinche bag (bæg) - bolsa, bolso

cup (káp) - copa, tasa cap (kæp) - gorro, gorra

fun (fán) - divertido, diversión

fan (fæn) - ventilador, abanico

hut (ját) - choza hat (jæt) - sombrero

rug (rág) - alfombra rag (ræg) - trapo, harapo

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cuarto y quinto

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