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    Figure 4-1

    Points and Lines.

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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    Figure 4-2

    Angles.

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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    Figure 4-3

    Triangles.

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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    Figure 4-4

    Quadrilaterals.

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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    Figure 4-5

    Regular Polygons.

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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     Figure 4-6

    The Circle.

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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    Solids.

    Figure 4-7

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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    Figure 4-7.1

    Examples of Solids Created with CAD. Courtesy of SolidWorks Corporation.

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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    Bisecting a Line or a Circular Arc (§4.8).

     Figure 4-8

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     Bisecting a Line with Triangle and T-square (§4.9).

    Figure 4-9

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    Bisecting an Angle (§4.10).

    Figure 4-10

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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    Transferring an Angle (§4.11).

     Figure 4-11

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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    Drawing a Line Through a Point Parallel to a Line (§4.12).

    Figure 4-12

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     Drawing a Line Parallel to a Line at a Given Distance (§4.13).

     Figure 4-13

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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    Dividing a Line into Equal Parts (§4.14).

     Figure 4-14

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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     Dividing a Line into Equal Parts (§4.14).

     Figure 4-15

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    Practical Applications of Dividing a Line into Equal Parts (§4.14).

     Figure 4-16

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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    Dividing a Line into Proportional Parts (§4.15).

    Figure 4.17

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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    Drawing a Line Through a Point and Perpendicular to a Line (§4.16).

    Figure 4-18

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    Drawing a Triangle with Sides Given (§4.17).

     Figure 4-19

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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    Drawing a Right Triangle (§4.18).

    Figure 4-20

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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    Laying Out Angles (§4.19).

     Figure 4-21

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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    Drawing an Equilateral Triangle (§4.20).

    Figure 4-22

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    Drawing a Square (§4.21).

     Figure 4-23

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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    Drawing a Pentagon (§4.22).

    Figure 4-24

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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    Drawing a Hexagon (§4.23).

    Figure 4-25

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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    Drawing a Hexagon (§4.23).

     Figure 4-26

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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    Drawing a Hexagon (§4.23).

    Figure 4-27

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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    Drawing an Octagon (§4.24). Photo by Laima Druskis.

    Figure 4-28

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    Transferring a Plane Figure (§4.25).

    Figure 4-29

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    Transferring a Symmetrical Half (§4.26).

    Figure 4-30

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    Enlarging or Reducing (§4.27).

     Figure 4-31

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    Finding Center of Circle (§§4.28 and 4.29).

    Figure 4-32

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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    Drawing a Circle Tangent to a Line (§4.30).

     Figure 4-33

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    Drawing a Tangent to a Circle Through a Point (§4.31).

     Figure 4-34

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    Drawing Tangents to Two Circles (§4.32).

    Figure 4.35

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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    Tangents (§4.33).

    Figure 4-36

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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    Drawing a Tangent Arc in a Right Angle (§4.34).

    Figure 4-37

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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    Drawing Tangent Arcs (§4.35).

    Figure 4-38

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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    Drawing an Arc Tangent to an Arc and a Straight Line (§4.36).

     Figure 4-39

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    Drawing an Arc Tangent to Two Arcs (§4.37).

    Figure 4-40

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    Drawing an Arc Tangent to Two Arcs and Enclosing One or Both (§4.38).

    Figure 4-41

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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    Drawing a Series of Tangent Arcs Conforming to a Curve (§4.39).

    Figure 4-42

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    Drawing an Ogee Curve (§4.40).

     Figure 4-43

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    Drawing Two Curves Tangent to Three Intersecting Lines (§4.41).

    Figure 4-44

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    Rectifying Circular Arcs (§§4.42 and 4.43).

    Figure 4-45

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    Conic Sections (§4.44).

     Figure 4-46

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    Ellipse Constructions (§4.45).Figure 4-47

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    Drawing a Foci Ellipse (§4.46).

    Figure 4-48

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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    Figure 4-48.1

    Courtesy of DaimlerChrysler AG.

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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    Drawing a Trammel Ellipse (§4.47).

    Figure 4-49

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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    Drawing a Concentric-Circle Ellipse (§4.48).

    Figure 4-50

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    Oblique-Circle Ellipse (§4.49).

    Figure 4.51

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    Parallelogram Ellipse (§4.50).

    Figure 4-52

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    Finding the Axes of an Ellipse (§4.51).

    Figure 4-53

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    Tangents to an Ellipse (§4.52).

    Figure 4-54

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    Using the Ellipse Template (§4.53).

    Figure 4.55

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    Drawing an Approximate Ellipse (§4.54).

    Figure 4-56

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    Drawing a Parabola (§4.55).

    Figure 4-57

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    Drawing a Parabola (§4.55).

    Figure 4-58

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    Parabolic Curves (§4.56).

    Figure 4-59

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    Drawing a Hyperbola (§4.57).

    Figure 4-60

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    Equilateral Hyperbola (§4.58).Figure 4-61

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    Spiral of Archimedes (§4.59).

    Figure 4-62

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    Helix (§4.60).

    Figure 4-63

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    Involutes (§4.61).

    Figure 4-64

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    Cycloid (§4.62).

    Figure 4-65

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    Epicycloid and Hypocycloid (§4.63).

    Figure 4-66

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    Geometric Shapes and Surfaces Produced with TRI-CAD System. Courtesy of Lodgrafix, Inc. (§4.64).

    Figure 4-67

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    (Probs. 4-1–4.4) Geometric Constructions. Layout A–2 or A4–2 (adjusted).

    Figure 4-68

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    (Prob. 4.52) Spanner.

    Figure 4-69

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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    (Prob. 4.53) Rocker Arm.Figure 4-70

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    (Prob. 4.54) Outside Caliper.

    Figure 4-71

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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    (Prob. 4.55) Special Cam.

    Figure 4-72

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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    (Prob. 4.56) Boiler Stay.

    Figure 4-73

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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    (Prob. 4.57) Shaft Hanger Casting.

    Figure 4-74

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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    (Prob. 4.58) Shift Lever.

    Figure 4-75

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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    (Prob. 4.59) Gear Arm.

    Figure 4-76

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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    (Prob. 4.60) Form Roll Lever.

    Figure 4-77

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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    (Prob. 4.61) Press Base.

    Figure 4-78

    © 2003, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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    (Prob. 4.62) Special S-Wrench.Figure 4-79

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    (Prob. 4.63) Photo Floodlight Reflector.

    Figure 4-80