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TECNOLO

GÍA DE CONCRE

TO

CONCRETO LANZADO

FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍACIVIL Y ARQUITECTURA

Profesor: Ana Catoparco



ÍNDICE

I. INTRODUCCIÓN.....................................................................................1

II. DEFINICIÓN............................................................................................2

III. EVOLUCIÓN DEL CONCRETO.............................................................2

IV. USOS GENERALES DEL CONCRETO LANZADO, PROPIEDADES YMATERIALES.................................................................................................3

V. APLICACIONES DEL CONCRETO LANZADO........................................3

.!" E# $o%$re&o #'%(')o $o*o re$+r-*-e%&o...................................4

.!.!" Re$+r-*-e%&o )e# '$ero es&r+$&+r'# 'r' ro&e$$-/%$o%&r' e# f+e0o......................................................................................5

.!.1" Ref+er(o )e #' *'*os&er2'..................................................5

VI. PROPIEDADES DEL CONCRETO LANZADO......................................5

VII. REQUERIMIENTOS DEL CONCRETO PROYECTADO 3CALIDAD 4DESEMPE5O"............................................................................................... 6

6.!" Res-s&e%$-' I%-$-'#..........................................................................6

6.1" Res-s&e%$-' F-%'#............................................................................6

6.7" S+#f'&os............................................................................................6

VIII. REQUERIMIENTOS DEL CONCRETO PROYECTADO 3ECOLOGIA 8ECONOMIA"..................................................................................................6

I9. METODOS DE APLICACIÓN DEL CONCRETO LANZADO.................7

.!" M;&o)o or <2' Se$'......................................................................7

.!.!" D-se=o )e Me($#' 'r' $o%$re&o ro>e$&')o or V2' Se$'.7

.!.1" Ve%&'?'s > Des<e%&'?'s )e# $o%$re&o ro>e$&')o or V2'Se$'. 8

.1" M;&o)o or <2' @*e)'................................................................8

.1.!" ReB+er-*-e%&os s-$os:........................................................8

.1.1" Uso De# Ce*e%&o......................................................................9

.1.7" Uso De# A0re0')o....................................................................9

.1." <e%&'?'s > )es<e%&'?'s )e# $o%$re&o ro>e$&')o or <2'*e)'................................................................................................1

9. REFORZADO CON FIRA....................................................................1

!.!" Co%s-)er'$-o%es )e #' Hr'.....................................................11

!.!.!"..............................................................C#'s-H$'$-/% De F-r's11

!.!.1"..............P'r*e&ros Q+e Des$r-e% L' C'#-)') De L' F-r'

11



!.!.7"...................................C'r'$&er2s&-$'s Me$%-$'s De L' F-r'11

!.1" C'r'$&er2s&-$'s 0eo*;&r-$'s )e #'s Hr's.............................11

!.7" Res-s&e%$-' ' #' eJ-/% > $o*res-/%:..................................11

!." Res-s&e%$-' '# -*'$&o:............................................................11

!..!"...................................................................................Te%'$-)'):12

!..1"...............Esf+er(os )e &r'$$-/% '# K )e #' $'r0' )e f'##':12

!..7". .Res-s&e%$-' '# )esre%)-*-e%&o 3r+e' )e ')ere%$-'":12

9I. MATERIALES USADOS PARA LA ELAORACION DEL S@OCRETEREFORZADO...............................................................................................12

!!.!" Ce*e%&o > A0+':.......................................................................12

!!.1" A0re0')os:.................................................................................12

!!.7" A)-&-<os:.....................................................................................12

9II. RECOMENDACIONES........................................................................13

9III. CONCLUCIONES................................................................................13



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I. INTRODUCCIÓN

E( concr$to (an*a&o &$%&$ %) &$%arro((o por Car( Et+an A,$($- 197/ por $(0to&o &$ #a %$ca )$ %" "$n $% c"$rto (o pat$nto )$ $( pr"0$ro - %$ +a)t"("*a&o (ara0$nt$ +a%ta n)$%tro% &a%.

" "$n to&o% no% +$0o% &a&o c)$nta (a "n&)%tr"a &$ (a con%tr)cc"n +aa#an*a&o :)nto a (o% a#anc$% t$cno("co% $;"%t$n n)$#o% a&"t"#o% 0$:or$%$)"po% - tcn"ca% &$p)ra&a% )$ &an co0o r$%)(ta&o )n concr$to )$traa:a c)0p("$n&o (ara0$nt$ (a% $%p$c"<cac"on$% tcn"ca%.

E% por $((o )$ apar$c" $n 1995 $( concr$to (an*a&o por #a +=0$&a ta( $%a% )$ $;"%t$ )na t$n&$nc"a $n$ra("*a&a para $( )%o &$( concr$to +=0$&o.Lo% proc$&"0"$nto% &$ a0o% 0to&o% %$ &"%t"n)$n >%"ca0$nt$ por (a$(aorac"n &$ (a 0$*c(a - $( $)"po 0$c>n"co )t"("*a&o &)rant$ %)ap("cac"n.

En $( '$r= )$ $n $( a?o 1999 $n (a C.@. C+"0a-B &on&$ %$ pro-$cto porpr"0$ra #$* concr$to (an*a&o &$%&$ $ntonc$% %$ +a $0p$*a&o a )%ar &$0an$ra r$)(ar $n $( %o%t$n"0"$nto &$ t=n$($% tanto a% )$ $n (a% ora%%)t$rr>n$a% &$ (a C.@. E( '(atana(B En$ro &$( 27 No#"$0r$ 28/ %$+a )t"("*a&o $( 0to&o por #a +=0$&a a( 1.

@o- $n &a $%t$ concr$to $%ta %"$n&o )t"("*a&o $n $( pro-$cto a 'ar)$R0acB &on&$ %$ $%ta con%tr)-$n&o )n T=n$( &$ 2 ,0 por &$a:o &$( r"oR0ac 11 #"a&)cto% (o% c)a($% "nt$rcon$ctaran 11 &"%tr"to%.

Co0o #$0o% (a t$cno(oa no% &a +$rra0"$nta% para (a 0$:ora &$ &"$r$nt$%t"po% &$ pro-$cto% $ "n#$%t"ac"n $% c)$%t"n &$ no%otro% $($"r - )t"("*ar&$ 0an$ra $$ct"#a to&o% $%to% $n$<c"o% tanto para r$a("*ar co0o para"nno#ar (a "n&)%tr"a &$ (a con%tr)cc"n.

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II. DEFINICIÓN

E( concr$to (an*a&o $% )n 0ort$ro o concr$to tran%porta&o por a(=n0$&"o #a +=0$&a o #a %$ca a tra#% &$ )na 0an)$ra - (an*a&on$)0>t"ca0$nt$ a )na ran #$(oc"&a& contra )na %)p$r<c"$B. $=n $(ta0a?o 0>;"0o &$( ar$a&o $n (a 0$*c(a +a(a0o% &$ 0ort$ro (an*a&o+a%ta 800 - &$ concr$to (an*a&o $ntr$ 8 a 2500.

Ta0"n %$ p)$&$ &$<n"r co0o.

Concr$to )$ $;p$r"0$nta co(ocac"n - co0pactac"n a( 0"%0o t"$0po&$"&o a (a )$r*a con (a )$ $% pro-$cta&o &$%&$ (a oca &$ %a("&a. E%t$p)$&$ %$r "0pacta&o %or$ c)a()"$r t"po o or0a &$ %)p$r<c"$ "nc()"&a%>r$a% #$rt"ca($% o "n#$rt"&a%B.

E( concr$to (an*a&o p)$&$ co(ocar%$ +ac"a arr"a $n )na %o(a op$rac"n $np(aon$% $n $%p$%or +a%ta 5o00.

III. EVOLUCIÓN DEL CONCRETO

1895F D$%arro((o &$ (a p"%to(a or""na( &$ c$0$nto C+"cao E!A/

197F In#$nto &$( roc"a&o &$ concr$to - 0ort$ro a a(ta #$(oc"&a& por $(&octor Car( E. A

191F 'at$nt$ $n E%ta&o% !n"&o%. R$"%tro &$( no0r$ )n"t$ por (a C$0$ntG)n Co. &$ A(($nton 'A

192F 'at$nt$ $n A($0an"a

193F Intro&)cc"n &$( no0r$ $nr"co &$ %+otcr$t$ por (a A0$r"canRa"(a- En"n$$r"n A%%oc"at"on

194F !%o "n"c"a( &$ ar$a&o r)$%o $n concr$to (an*a&o

1945F A&opc"n &$( tr0"no %+otcr$t$ por $( ACI

195F D$%arro((o &$ (a p"%to(a t"po rotator"a $n H"c+"an

1955F Intro&)cc"n &$( 0to&o &$ #a +=0$&a

197F 'r"0$r )%o pr>ct"co &$ concr$to (an*a&o con <ra &$ ac$ro por $( !Ar0-

Corp% o En"n$$r%

1975F 'r"0$r )%o &$ concr$to (an*a&o con 0"cro%("ca $n Nor)$a

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198F 'r"0$r )%o &$ 0"cro%("ca $n Nort$a0r"ca anco)#$r C/Intro&)cc"n &$ 0$*c(a% pr$ $0o(%a&a%

1985F 'r"0$r )%o &$ a"r$ "nc()"&o $n concr$to (an*a&o #a %$ca

1998F Jor0ac"n &$ (a A0$r"can +otcr$t$ A%%oc"at"on.

IV. USOS GENERALES DEL CONCRETO LANZADO, PROPIEDADES Y MATERIALES

E( concr$to (an*a&o $n oca%"on$% $% 0>% a&$c)a&o )$ $( concr$tocon#$nc"ona( &$"&o pr"nc"pa(0$nt$ a )$ n$c$%"ta 0$no% traa:o &$$ncora&o - r$)"$r$ )na p$)$?a p(anta port>t"( para 0$*c(a&o -co(ocac"n $n (a% >r$a% 0>% "nacc$%"($%.

!na prop"$&a& "0portant$ &$( concr$to (an*a&o $% %) ac"("&a& para or0ar)na $;c$($nt$ a&+$r$nc"a con #ar"o% 0at$r"a($%. T"$n$ caract$r%t"ca%"0p$r0$a($% a)n $n %$cc"on$% &$(a&a% - %$ p)$&$n )%ar a&"t"#o% paraa%$)rar %) "0p$r0$a"("&a&. E( concr$to (an*a&o p)$&$ %$r )%a&o $nF

• E%tr)ct)ra% n)$#a% $%p$c"a(0$nt$ %$cc"on$% &$(a&a% o c)r#a%/ por$:$0p(oF t$c+o% par$&$% tan)$% pr$%or*a&o% r$c"p"$nt$%a($rca% t=n$($% a(cantar"((a% &$ a)a% n$ra% - r$#$%t"0"$nto &$()0r$ra% o t"ro%.

• R$c)r"0"$nto &$ 0a0po%t$ra% &$ (a&r"((o% concr$to p"$&ra o ac$ro

para prot$cc"n o pr$%$ntac"n.• R$)$r*o &$ $%tr)ct)ra% &$ concr$to (o%a% 0)ro% &$ concr$to

#$&a% &$ (a&r"((o - 0a0po%t$ra.• R$parac"n &$ $%tr)ct)ra% &$ concr$to &a?a&a% ta($% co0o p)$nt$%

r$#$%t"0"$nto% &$ tan)$% pr$%a% t=n$($% torr$% &$ $nr"a0"$ntoc+"0$n$a% - $%tr)ct)ra% 0art"0a%. R$parac"on$% $n$ra($% &$concr$to &$%ca%cara&o $n $&"<c"o% ant")o% &$ concr$t r$or*a&o.R$parac"n &$ $%tr)ct)ra% &$ concr$to - 0a0po%t$ra% &a?a&a% por%"%0o% o "nc$n&"o%.

• R$#$%t"0"$nto% r$ractar"o% &$ c+"0$n$a% +orno% ca($nta&or$%

c=p)(a% $tc.• R$#$%t"0"$nto% r$%"%t$nt$% a (a ara%"n $n a(0ac$n$% &$ carn -ar$a&o% to(#a% #$rt$&or$% #ara&$ro%.

V. APLICACIONES DEL CONCRETO LANZADO

Ap("cac"on$% 0>% co0)n$% &$( concr$to (an*a&oF

• E%ta"("*ac"n &$ ta()&$% - 0)ro% &$ cont$nc"n• C"%t$rna% - tan)$% &$ a)a• A($rca% - (ao% art"<c"a($%• Roca% art"<c"a($% roc,%cap"n/• Cana($% - &r$na:$%

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• R$+a"("tac"n - r$)$r*o $%tr)ct)ra(• R$c)r"0"$nto %or$ pan$( &$ po("$%t"r$no• T=n$($% - 0"na%• H)$(($% &")$% - r$pr$%a%• 'arao(o"&$% &o0o% $o&%"co% - ca%caron$%• Concr$to r$ractar"o para c+"0$n$a% +orno% - torr$%.• E( concr$to (an*a&o por r$#$%t"0"$nto - r$c)r"0"$nto%.

)%o R$)$r"0"$nto% tp"co%oport$ T$0pora( $n T=n$($% • A(ta r$%"%t$nc"a "n"c"a(.

• )$na a&+$r$nc"a.• A(to r$n&"0"$nto.• a:o r$ot$.

oport$ p$r0an$nt$ t=n$($% • A(ta r$%"%t$nc"a "n"c"a(.• a:a p$r0$a"("&a&.• A(ta &)ra"("&a&.

H"n$ra • A(ta r$%"%t$nc"a "n"c"a(.• $((o &$ %)p$r<c"$% &$

$;ca#ac"n.• a:a a 0$&"a r$%"%t$nc"a <na(

R$%"%t$nc"a a( )$o • Cara prot$ctora %"n )nc"n&$ cara/.

• A(ta a&+$r$nc"a.• R$%"%t$nc"a a t$0p$rat)ra &$

+a%ta 12K C.E%ta"("*ac"n &$ Ta()&$% • R>p"&o &$%arro((o &$

r$%"%t$nc"a%.• !%o $;"($.• o(=0$n$% a:o% &$ concr$to.

R$parac"n &$ t=n$($% • A(ta &)ra"("&a& $n capa%&$(a&a%.

• a:o &$ 0o&)(o &$ $(a%t"c"&a&.• a:o r$ot$.

R$parac"n &$ 0)$(($% • A(ta r$%"%t$nc"a 0$c>n"ca.

• A(ta r$%"%t$nc"a a ata)$%)0"co%.

• a:o 0o&)(o &$ $(a%t"c"&a&.R$parac"n &$ p)$nt$% • Concr$to :o#$n no %)%c$pt"($

#"rac"n por $( tr><co.• a:o 0o&)(o &$ $(a%t"c"&a&.

.!" E# $o%$re&o #'%(')o $o*o re$+r-*-e%&o.

E( concr$to (an*a&o $% 0)- =t"( co0o r$c)r"0"$nto -a )$ t"$n$ )na

$;c$($nt$ a&+$%"n r$%"%t$nc"a a (a ara%"n - r$%"%t$nc"a 0$c>n"ca. E(

4



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concr$to (an*a&o p)$&$ r$(($nar >c"(0$nt$ %or$ c)a()"$r or0a porco0p("ca&a )$ $%t$ %$a. E( concr$to (an*a&o %$ )t"("*a para $%ta"("*art$rrap($n$% $% &$c"r para $#"tar $( &$%("*a0"$nto &$ (a t"$rra.

Otro )%o )$ %$ ($ &a $% $( r$#$%t"0"$nto $n t=n$($% &$ roca para "0p$&"r (a

p$n$trac"n &$ a)a &$ntro &$( t=n$( a tra#% &$ (a 0"%0aM "0p"&$ )$p$n$tr$ $( a"r$ - (o% #apor$% &$ a)a &$ntro &$ (a% <%)ra% r$(($na% &$arc"((a% $n (a roca oca%"onan&o )$ (a arc"((a %$ +"nc+$ - prop"c"$ (a ca&a &$(a rocaM ta0"n %$ )t"("*a para or0ar arco% para %oportar (o% (a&o% - $(t$c+o contra c)a()"$r 0o#"0"$nto.

E( )%o &$( concr$to (an*a&o para %$((ar roca% +$r0t"ca% - proporc"onar )n)$rt$ a&$0$ "n %"t)B $n (a *ona c$rcana a( r$nt$ p)$&$ ca0"ar to&o $(%"%t$0a &$ traa:o $n $( t=n$( $%p$c"a(0$nt$ c)an&o %$ r$)"$r$ )n ran"ncr$0$nto $n (a #$(oc"&a& &$ traa:o.

.!.!" Re$+r-*-e%&o )e# '$ero es&r+$&+r'# 'r' ro&e$$-/% $o%&r' e#f+e0o

E%ta 0)- &")n&"&o $( )%o &$( concr$to (an*a&o co0o 0at$r"a(ant"co0)%t"($ $%p$c"a(0$nt$ $n p(anta% &$ pro&)cto% )0"co% -r$<n$ra% &$ p$tr($o. " )na $%tr)ct)ra %$ +a #)$(to &$$ct)o%a porcorro%"n o &$%a%t$. D$$ &$t$r0"nar%$ pr"0$ro )$ cant"&a& &$ ac$ro %$+a p$r&"&o por (a $ro%"n - $ntonc$% &$t$r0"nar )$ tanto r$)$r*o n$c$%"ta- &on&$ &$$r> co(ocar%$.

.!.1" Ref+er(o )e #' *'*os&er2'

E%to% traa:o% con%"%t$n $n r$c)r"r to&a (a $%tr)ct)ra con concr$to (an*a&o.En $( ca%o &$ arco% &$ p)$nt$ )$ %$ $%t>n &$rr)0an&o r$c)$nt$0$nt$(a =n"ca %o()c"n pr>ct"ca $% (a con%tr)cc"n &$ )n n)$#o arco con concr$to(an*a&o a a:o &$ $%t$ co0"nan&o con )na "n-$cc"n a pr$%"n a to&o% (o%ar"$ta0"$nto% pr$%$nt$ $n (a $%tr)ct)ra.

VI. PROPIEDADES DEL CONCRETO LANZADO

E( concr$to (an*a&o ap("ca&o corr$cta0$nt$ $% )n 0at$r"a( $%tr)ct)ra(#$r%>t"( )$ po%$$ ran &)ra"("&a& - )na $;c$($nt$ a&+$r$nc"a con $(concr$to (a 0a0po%t$ra ac$ro 0a&$ra - otro% 0at$r"a($%. E%ta%prop"$&a&$% a#ora($% &$p$n&$n &$ )na corr$cta p(an$ac"n - %)p$r#"%"n- &$ (a +a"("&a& - at$nc"n cont"n)a &$( $)"po &$ concr$to (an*a&o.

on n$c$%ar"a% tcn"ca% &$ pr)$a% $%p$c"a("*a&a% - %$ r$co0"$n&a )$$%t>% %$ $$ct=$n $n (a ora.

La r$(ac"n a)ac$0$nto para $( concr$to (an*a&o $n $( ()ar $%taco0pr$n&"&a $ntr$ .35 a .5 por p$%o )$ $% 0>% a:a )$ (a 0a-ora &$

(o% #a(or$% para 0$*c(a% con#$nc"ona($% &$ concr$to. En $n$ra( (a%

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prop"$&a&$% %"ca% &$( concr$to (an*a&o %on co0para($% con a)$((a% &$(concr$to con#$nc"ona( &$ (a 0"%0a co0po%"c"n. Lo% #a(or$% 0a%r$porta&o% para (a r$%"%t$nc"a a (o% 28 &a% $%t>n &$ntro &$ (o% (0"t$% &$ 2a 5 N002 para ora% &$ "n$n"$ra contro(a&a%. R$%"%t$nc"a% 0>%$($#a&a% %o(a0$nt$ +an %"&o ot$n"&a% con $( )%o &$ $)"po &$ concr$to

(an*a&o a a(ta #$(oc"&a&.

!na 0$*c(a &"%$?a&a para co(ocar%$ por 0to&o%

Tra&"c"ona($% p)$&$ 0o%trar +a%ta )n "ncr$0$nto &$ apro;"0a&a0$nt$ &$3 &$ r$%"%t$nc"a %" %$ ap("ca co0o concr$to (an*a&o $%to $% &$"&o a )$%$ (ora )na co0pactac"n - a( $0p($o &$ )na r$(ac"n a)ac$0$nto 0>%a:a.

La contracc"n por %$ca&o &$p$n&$ &$ (a% prop"$&a&$% &$ 0$*c(a$0p($a&a% p$ro $n$ra(0$nt$ %$ $nc)$ntra &$ntro &$( rano .6 +a%ta

.1.

En co()0na% #"a% p"%o% - 0)ro% &$ cara $( concr$to (an*a&o p)$&$r$0p(a*ar por co0p($to (a capac"&a& $%tr)ct)ra( &$ >r$a% &$$ct)o%a% o&a?a&a% %"$0pr$ )$ (a% >r$a% &a?a&a% %$ $("0"n$n +a%ta $ncontrar $(0at$r"a( %ano ant$% &$ ap("car $( concr$to (an*a&o.

VII. REQUERIMIENTOS DEL CONCRETO PROYECTADO 3CALIDAD 4DESEMPE5O"

'ara $( &"%$?a&or &$( pro-$cto $( actor 0>% "0portant$ $% c)0p("r con (a%$%p$c"<cac"on$% &$ (o% $%t>n&ar$% para $( traa:o &$ concr$to 'ro-$cta&o0"$ntra% )$ $( contrat"%ta +ac$ )n na%"% $n )n 0to&o &$ pro&)cc"n $"n%ta(ac"n )$ arant"c$ (a ca("&a& (a ca("&a& r$)$r"&a a( 0n"0o co%to. 'orotro (a&o (a% a)tor"&a&$% &$ a()& - %$)r"&a& &$0an&an (a 0>;"0a+""$n$ - %$)r"&a& $n ora &)rant$ (a% op$rac"on$% &$ co(ocac"n &$(Concr$to 'ro-$cta&o 0>;"0a r$%"%t$nc"a "n"c"a( &$( concr$to 'ro-$cta&oap("ca&o para (a $%ta"("*ac"n %or$ ca$*a a:a conta0"nac"n &$ po(#o -

0n"0o r"$%o $n %)%tanc"a% to;"ca% o a(ca("na%/.

.!"Res-s&e%$-' I%-$-'#

E%t$ $% )n pr$rr$)"%"to para $( concr$to 'ro-$cta&o %or$ ca$*apart"c)(ar0$nt$ para a(to% r$n&"0"$nto% c)an&o %$ ap("can capa% r)$%a% oc)an&o %$ (an*an $n ()ar$% con <(trac"on$% &$ a)a. La c)r#a &$ &$%arro((o&$ r$%"%t$nc"a $n (o% pr"0$ro% 0"n)to% t"$n$ )na )$rt$ "n)$nc"a $n (a$n$rac"n &$ po(#o - $n r$ot$. E( &$%arro((o &$ (a r$%"%t$nc"a "n"c"a( %$$#a(=a $ntr$ (o% 6 - (o% 6 0"n)to% ()$o (a% 0$&"&a% %$ +ac$n ca&a +ora.

.1"Res-s&e%$-' F-%'#

6



!n"#$r%"&a& 'r"#a&a T$($%)p

H$nor cant"&a& &$ a)a $n (a 0$*c(a 0$nor poro%"&a& &$ (a pa%ta &$concr$to $n&)r$c"&o. E%to t"$n$ )n $$ct"#o #$nta:o%o $n (a 0a-ora &$ (a%prop"$&a&$% &$( concr$to $%p$c"a(0$nt$ para (a r$%"%t$nc"a para (ar$%"%t$nc"a a (a co0pr$%"n. La cant"&a& &$ a)a n$c$%ar"a para (a+"&ratac"n &$( c$0$nto $)"#a($ a )na r$(ac"n AC c$rcana a .25. E( a)a$n $;c$%o %$ $#apora &$%p)% &$ (a ap("cac"n - &$:a poro% $n (a pa%ta &$(concr$to $n&)r$c"&o.

.7"S+#f'&os

Lo% %)(ato% %o()($% $n a)a r$acc"onan con C3A &$( c$0$nto para or0ar$tr"n"ta. Lo% cr"%ta($% &$ $tr"n"ta %$ propaan pr"0$ro $n (o% poro%c)an&o (o% poro% $%t>n (($no% (a $tr"n"ta &$%arro((a )na pr$%"n a( "nt$r"or&$( concr$to )$ p)$&$ &$%tr)"r (a $%tr)ct)ra.

VIII. REQUERIMIENTOS DEL CONCRETO PROYECTADO 3ECOLOGIA 8ECONOMIA"

• E% c(a#$ )$ (a $n$rac"n &$ po(#o %$a r$&)c"&a - (o% r"$%o%cr$a&o% por (o% )0"co% corro%"#o% - t;"co% %$an 0"n"0"*a&o%. !npro&)cto )t"("*a&o $% $( ac$($rant$ &$ Jra)a&o ")n"t AJ &$ (a0arca ",a.

• Lo% ac$($rant$% con >(ca("% %on t;"co% %"n $0aro c)an&o %$ ($%("$ra &$ $((o% con )n p+ &$ a(r$&$&or &$ 3 r$&)c$n $( "0pactoa0"$nta( - $( r"$%o &$ acc"&$nt$% &)rant$ %) 0an"p)(ac"na(0ac$na0"$nto - )%o.

• E( ca)&a( &$ concr$to $% $( pr"nc"pa( actor )$ +ac$ &$( %"%t$0a #a

+=0$&a $( proc$%o &$ pro-$cc"n &$ concr$to 0a% $con0"coM&$p$n&"$n&o &$ (a ap("cac"n %$ p)$&$n co(ocar +a%ta 3 02 +ora.'ara ot$n$r $%to% pt"0o% r$n&"0"$nto% $% "0portant$ $ncontrar $(0$:or &"%$?o &$ (a 0$*c(a &$ concr$to $%p$%or &$ capa t"po -cant"&a& &$ ac$($rant$. Lo% a(to% r$n&"0"$nto% no p)$&$n %$rot$n"&o% a 0$no% )$ $( concr$to %$a >c"(0$nt$ o0$a($.

• La cant"&a& &$ 0at$r"a( &$ r$ot$ $% )n actor &$ co%to cr)c"a(a&"c"ona( a (a cara $( tran%port$ - (a &"%po%"c"n &$( 0at$r"a( &$r$ot$ (o% co%to% &$ r$ot$ ta0"n "nc()-$n $( concr$to 'ro-$cta&o$;tra )$ %$ &$$ pro&)c"r - ap("car.

•

'ar>0$tro% )$ "n)-$n $n (a cant"&a& &$ r$ot$F1/ E%p$%or &$ (a capa.2/ Tra-$ctor"a &$( concr$to 'ro-$cta&o.3/ o()0$n - pr$%"n &$( a"r$.4/ 'rop"$&a&$% &$ a&+$r$nc"a.5/ T"po &$ J"ra6/ 'roc$%o &$ 'ro-$cc"n #a %$ca o +=0$&a/.

I9. METODOS DE APLICACIÓN DEL CONCRETO LANZADO.!"M;&o)o or <2' Se$'

7



!n"#$r%"&a& 'r"#a&a T$($%)p

Con%"%t$ $n 0$*c(ar $( c$0$ntant$ c$0$nto P a&"c"on$%/ con (a ar$napara ()$o "0p)(%ar(o a tra#% &$ (a 0an)$ra a (a o)"((a &$( $)"po $n&on&$ %$ co0"nar> con $( a)a - (o% a&"t"#o% ()"&o% (o% c)a($% (($an por)na 0an)$ra "n&$p$n&"$nt$ para %$r <na(0$nt$ pro-$cta&a +ac"a (a%)p$r<c"$ 0$&"ant$ $( )%o &$ a"r$ co0pr"0"&o.

E( 0to&o no r$)"$r$ )na a(ta 0$can"*ac"n (o c)a( a#or$c$ $( )%o &$$%ta t$cno(oa $n (a% act"#"&a&$% 0"n$ra%. La capac"&a& &$ (o% $)"po% &$pro-$cc"n )t"("*a&o% para $( +otcr$t$ a $ca $% &$ #o(=0$n$% &$pro-$cc"n p$)$?o%M por (o )$ $( r$&)c"&o ta0a?o &$ $%to% $)"po% +ac$)$ %$an #$r%>t"($% $n %)% &$%p(a*a0"$nto% - )"cac"on$% r$%p$cto a (a*ona )$ %$ &$%$a $%ta"("*ar. T"$n$ )na ran aco"&a $n (a% op$rac"on$%0"n$ra% (a% c)a($% t"$n$n %$cc"on$% r$&)c"&a% $n %)% (aor$%.

La )$na "n%ta(ac"n &$( +otcr$t$ a $ca &$p$n&$ $n ran 0$&"&a &$ (a&$%tr$*a &$( op$ra&or. E% $( op$ra&or )"$n contro(a (o% n"#$($% &$ a)a cona&"t"#o )$ %$r>n a&"c"ona&o% a (a 0$*c(a a% co0o (a pro-$cc"n &$ (a0$*c(a +ac"a $( 0ac"*o roco%o 0an"p)($o &$ (a p"%to(a &$ (an*a&o/. E% por$((o )$ (o% n"#$($% &$ pro&)ct"#"&a& - ca("&a& $n ran 0$&"&a o$&$c$n a(ra&o &$ $ntr$na0"$nto - r$%pon%a"("&a& &$( op$ra&or.

La ap("cac"n &$ +otcr$t$ a $ca pro&)c$ n"#$($% &$ r$ot$ $($#a&o%.E%to oc)rr$ pr"nc"pa(0$nt$ c)an&o %$ t"$n$F a/ )na 0a(a ap("cac"n &$ (a0$*c(a %or$ (a %)p$r<c"$ &$( 0ac"*oM / con&"c"on$% op$rat"#a% noaprop"a&a% a:a pr$%"n &$ a"r$ para $( $)"po/M $tc. Ca$ "n&"car )$ (o%n"#$($% &$ r$ot$ )t"("*an&o $%ta t$cno(oa &$ (an*a&o %on 0a-or$% )$ (o%

&$ (a t$cno(oa por #a +=0$&a.

.!.!" D-se=o )e Me($#' 'r' $o%$re&o ro>e$&')o or V2' Se$'.

La% &"%$?o% &$ (a% 0$*c(a% &$ concr$to pro-$cta&o &$$n %"$0pr$a&aptar%$ a (a% $%p$c"<cac"on$% &$( ar$a&o - &$( c$0$nto &"%pon"($ parapo&$r ot$n$r (a r$%"%t$nc"a "n"c"a( - (a 0an$:a"("&a& r$)$r"&a%.

Lo% $n%a-o% pr$("0"nar$% $n $( (aorator"o +ac$n 0>% >c"($% (a%op$rac"on$% $n ora.

E( t"po &$( c$0$nto t"$n$ )na )$rt$ "n)$nc"a $n $( &$%arro((o tanto &$ (ar$%"%t$nc"a "n"c"a( co0o &$ (a <na( - $n (a% prop"$&a&$% &$( concr$to$n&)r$c"&o. La% <ra% &$ ac$ro "ncr$0$ntan (a capac"&a& &$ cara - (a%prop"$&a&$% &$ &)ct"("&a& &$( concr$to pro-$cta&o.

E( ta0a?o 0>;"0o &$( ar$a&o &$p$n&$ &$( $%p$%or &$ capa - &$(acaa&o &$ (a %)p$r<c"$ r$)$r"&a &$( concr$to pro-$cta&o.Apro;"0a&a0$nt$ $( 95 &$ (a %)p$r<c"$ &$( ar$a&o corr$%pon&$ a (aracc"n &$ ar$na &$ 4 00 (a% #ar"ac"on$% $n (a ar$na t"$n$n )n )$rt$$$cto $n (a% prop"$&a&$% &$( concr$to r$%co $n (a r$(ac"n ac - por $n&$$n (a% prop"$&a&$% &$( concr$to $n&)r$c"&o.

.!.1" Ve%&'?'s > Des<e%&'?'s )e# $o%$re&o ro>e$&')o or V2' Se$'.8



!n"#$r%"&a& 'r"#a&a T$($%)p

Ve%&'?'s Des<e%&'?'sJ>c"( 0an$:o para #o(=0$n$% p$)$?o%. A(ta $n$rac"n &$ 'o(#o%.E)"po% (an*a&or$% %on 0>% $con0"co%. A(to R$ot$.En (a o)"((a %$ t"$n$ $( contro( &$( a)a -&$ (a con%"%t$nc"a &$ (a 0$*c(a.

Ha-or conta0"nac"n.

Hant$n"0"$nto &$ $)"po% $% 0>%$con0"co. '$r&"&a% &$ 0$*c(a porr$ot$ &$ +a%ta 35. Tran%porta($ a 0a-or &"%tanc"a.

.1"M;&o)o or <2' @*e)'

E( %$)n&o 0to&o ((a0a&o #a +=0$&aB con%"%t$ $n 0$*c(ar (a ar$nac$0$ntant$ - $( a)a ant$% &$ %$r "0p)(%a&o% a tra#% &$ (a 0an)$ra &$($)"po &$ ta( or0a )$ c)an&o (a 0$*c(a (($a a (a o)"((a &$ (a 0>)"na$%ta -a %$ $nc)$ntra ("%ta para %$r pro-$cta&a.

.1.!" ReB+er-*-e%&os s-$os:

La r$%"%t$nc"a 0n"0a r$)$r"&a $% &$ 3 Q. c0 a (a% 4 +ora% &$ (an*a&oa (a% 24 +ora% 1 Q. c0 - a (o% 7 &a% &$$ %$r 0a-or &$ 21 Q. c0M#$r"<ca&o 0$&"ant$ $n%a-$% &$ (aorator"o.

La pro-$cc"n por #a +=0$&a t"$n$ (a% #$nta:a% &$ )n contro( &$ ca("&a&%)p$r"or a tra#% &$( contro( &$ (a r$(ac"n c/ 0$nor co%to &$ co(ocac"n- )n a0"$nt$ &$ traa:o r$(at"#a0$nt$ ("r$ &$ po(#o. En $( 0to&o &$pro-$cc"n por #a +=0$&a $% )%)a(0$nt$ n$c$%ar"o a?a&"r )n ac$($rant$

$n (a o)"((a para a"("*ar $( ra)a&o - (a ananc"a &$ r$%"%t$nc"a "n"c"a(&$( concr$to $n $( %)%trato.

• A(ta $n$rac"n &$ 'o(#o%.• A(to R$ot$.• Ha-or conta0"nac"n.• '$r&"&a% &$ 0$*c(a por r$ot$ &$ +a%ta 35.

E%ta con%t"t)"&o a &"$r$nc"a &$( %+otcr$t$ por #a %$ca &$ 0>% a&"t"#o%co0oF

•

I%--)ores )e -)r'&'$-/%: p$r0"t$n r$)(ar $( ra)a&o p)&"$n&o0ant$n$r (a 0$*c(a (a% +ora% )$ %$an n$c$%ar"a% para po&$r)t"("*ar(o 12 a 72 @r%/

• S+er#'s&-H$'%&es: a-)&an a 0ant$n$r (a traa:a"("&a& &$(0ort$ro - $#"tan (a %or$cara &$ a)a $n $( concr$to r$cor&ar )$%" $;c$&$0o% $( a)a &$ &"%$?o $( %+otcr$t$ p"$r&$ r$%"%t$nc"a.

• A$e#er'%&es +#&r'rr-)os: p$r0"t$n )$ %$ p)$&an cont"n)ar con(o% traa:o% &$ $;p(otac"n poca% +ora% &$%p)% &$ %$r co(oca&o -0$:oran $( &$%$0p$?o &$( concr$to $n *ona% +=0$&a%.

• @+*o )e s2#-$e o M-$ros2#-$e: $% )t"("*a&o co0o co0p($0$nto &$(

c$0$nto "ncr$0$nta (a p(a%t"c"&a& - (a r$%"%t$nc"a a (a co0pr$%"n%) prop"$&a& +ac$ )$ (a 0$*c(a %$a p$a:o%a - 0>% &$n%a.

9



!n"#$r%"&a& 'r"#a&a T$($%)p

• F-r's )e '$ero > o#-ro-#e%oF $%t$ a&"t"#o p$r0"t$ "ncr$0$ntar(a r$%"%t$nc"a a (a co0pr$%"n - $;"n &$( %+otcr$t$ p$ro no %$ &$$)%ar co0o r$$0p(a*o &$ a)a $% "n$rt$. 'ro-$cta&o a pr$%"n &$a"r$ %or$ (a %)p$r<c"$ )$ $n r$(ac"n a( &"%$?o )t"("*a&o $n n)$%tra(aor$% %$ +a &$t$r0"na&o )$ &$$ traa:ar con )na r$%"%t$nc"a a (a

co0pr$%"n Sc/ 0n"0aF 7 Hpa a 1 &"a 3 Hpa a 28 &"a%. Lar$%"%t$nc"a 0n"0a a (a $;"n no &$$ %$r 0$nor a 4 Hpa41Qc02/ r$)$r*o &$ ac$roM )t"("*a0o% (a <ra &$ po("prop"($no -a)$ no %$ &$t$r"ora con $(

.1.1" Uso De# Ce*e%&o

Ca$ %$?a(ar )$ $( %+otcr$t$ #a a co0portar%$ &"$r$nt$ $n )n "n"c"o %" $%)$ %$ )t"("*a otro t"po &$ c$0$nto co0o $( T"po 2 p$ro $( pro&)cto <na( $%$( 0"%0o.

C$0$nto t"po I (o% %)(ato% (o a(t$ran 0)- r>p"&o a&$0>% &$ )$ (o%cr"%ta($% $n or0ac"n $0p):an (a capa &$ %+otcr$t$ +ac"$n&o )$ a(($#$rJoto 1/ a&$0>% &$ )$ p"$r&$ a&+$r$nc"a con r$%p$cto &$ (a %)p$r<c"$ &$(a (aor por (o tanto no traa:aM (o )$ no oc)rr$ con $( T"po .

.1.7" Uso De# A0re0')o

T$n$r )n ar$a&o a&$c)a&o "n)-$ &"r$cta0$nt$ $n $( %+otcr$t$ -a )$&$p$n&$ &$ no $;c$&$r (o% ("0"t$% 0>;"0o% - 0n"0o% pr$$%ta($c"&o% por$(. $=n "("oraa $( &">0$tro 0a-or &$ (o% ar$a&o% &$$ %$r 38S $(0at$r"a( )$ pa%$ (a 0a((a 2 &$$ $%tar $ntr$ $( 2 - 1 .

• A*-e%&e )e Tr''?o.8 Lo% op$rar"o% &$( proc$%o por #a %$ca$%taan aco%t)0ra&o% a traa:ar $n 0$&"o &$ )na ran cant"&a& &$po(#o. $ $0"ta po(#o no %(o &$%&$ (a o)"((a %"no ta0"n &$%&$(a 0>)"na &$ pro-$cc"n. Co0o nor0a $n$ra( (o% r$%)(ta&o% &$ (a%0$&"c"on$% &$ po(#o $n $( a0"$nt$ &$ traa:o $ran 0>% &$ tr$%#$c$% (a cant"&a& p$r0"%"($. E( 0to&o por #a +=0$&a 0$:or %)%tanc"a(0$nt$ (a% con&"c"on$%&$( a0"$nt$ &$ traa:o tra-$n&o con%"o 0a-or %$)r"&a& para (o%traa:a&or$% &$ t=n$($%. !na &$ (a% %"t)ac"on$% )$ "0p)(% $(

&$%arro((o &$( 0to&o por #a +=0$&a )$ $( (an*a0"$nto &$ concr$toa:o con&"c"on$% p$("ro%a%. Lo% r"$%o% a (a %$)r"&a& $ranr$c)$nt$0$nt$ "nac$pta($%. Con $( contro( r$0oto &$ (o% $)"po%$ra po%"($ )$ $( op$ra&or $%t)#"$ra a:o )n >r$a pr$#"a0$nt$prot$"&a por (o c)a( (o% r"$%o% &$ ca&a% &$ roca% "n#o()craran %o(o$)"po% 0>% no #"&a% +)0ana%.

• A#-$'$-/%.8 Con $( 0to&o &$ #a +=0$&a $% 0>% >c"( pro&)c"r )naca("&a& con%tant$ a (o (aro &$( proc$%o &$ pro-$cc"n. La 0$*c(a -a("%ta %$ &$%cara $n )na o0a - %$ tran%porta a pr$%"n a tra#% &$(a 0an)$ra. A( pr"nc"p"o %$ )t"("*aan pr"nc"pa(0$nt$ o0a%

+$("co"&a($% a+ora pr$&o0"nan (a% o0a% &$ p"%tn.

1



!n"#$r%"&a& 'r"#a&a T$($%)p

En (a o)"((a &$( $;tr$0o &$ (a 0an)$ra %$ ar$a a"r$ a(concr$to a ra*n &$ 715 030"n - a )na pr$%"n &$ 7 ar% %$=n $(t"po &$ ap("cac"n 0an)a( o root/. E( a"r$ t"$n$ (a )nc"n &$a)0$ntar (a #$(oc"&a& &$( concr$to a <n &$ (orar )na )$naco0pactac"n - a&+$r$nc"a a (a %)p$r<c"$.

!n $rror co0=n )$ %$ co0$t$ con $( 0to&o &$ #a +=0$&a $%)t"("*ar cant"&a&$% "n%)<c"$nt$% &$ a"r$. G$n$ra(0$nt$ %$ ar$an$ntr$ 4 - 8 030"n (o c)a( (($#a a 0$nor$% r$%"%t$nc"a% a (aco0pr$%"n a% co0o ta0"n a (a a&+$r$nc"a &$<c"$nt$ - r$ot$.'ara (a pro-$cc"n root"*a&a %$ r$)"$r$n +a%ta &$ 15 030"n &$a"r$.

.1." <e%&'?'s > )es<e%&'?'s )e# $o%$re&o ro>e$&')o or <2'*e)'.

Ve%&'?'s Des<e%&'?'sA(to r$n&"0"$nto +a%ta 3 03+ $ r$)"$r$ &$ )na p(anta &$ concr$to

para $( pr$para&o &$ 0$*c(a con (a%&o%"<cac"on$% &$ &"%$?o.

$ p)$&$ co(ocar concr$topro-$cta&o con <ra% &$ac$ro.

'ara $( 0an$:o &$ (o% $)"po% %$ r$)"$r$ &$ 0ano &$ ora ca("<ca&a.

H$:or contro( &$ (a &o%"<cac"npr"nc"pa(0$nt$ (a r$(ac"na)a c$0$nto

No %$ p)$&$ ap("car $n %$cc"on$%0$nor$% &$ 3.;3.0 por (a%&"0$n%"on$% &$ (o% $)"po%.

H$nor r$ot$ &$ (a 0$*c(a %$

$%t"0a co0o 0>;"0o 1.

Lo% co%to% %on r$(at"#a0$nt$ 0>% a(to%

)$ $( &$ #a %$ca.H$no% pro&)cc"n &$ po(#o por$n&$ 0$no% conta0"nac"n.$(oc"&a& pro-$cc"n a(ta 670%

9. REFORZADO CON FIRA.

La a&"c"n &$ <ra% &$ r$)$r*o a (a 0$*c(a p$r0"t$ pro#$$r &$ &)ct"("&a& a(concr$to (o c)a( p$r0"t$ )$ (a $%tr)ct)ra %oport$ &$or0ac"on$% 0>% a((>

&$ %) (0"t$ $(>%t"co pro#oca&a% por &$%p(a*a0"$nto% &$( t$rr$no ()$o &$(a ap("cac"n. D$"&o a actor$% $con0"co% (a% <ra% %$ )t"("*an)%)a(0$nt$ %(o $n %+otcr$t$ pro-$cta&o por #a +=0$&a - %on &o%"<ca&a%

:)nto con (a 0$*c(a &$ concr$to.

La% <ra% a?a&"&a% a( %+otcr$t$ p)$&$n %$r &$ ac$ro &$ #"&r"o %"ntt"ca% o+$c+a% &$ 0at$r"a($% nat)ra($%. La "nc()%"n &$ $%ta% a&"c"on$% t"$n$ co0oprop%"to 0$:orar (a% prop"$&a&$% &$( %+otcr$t$ ta($% co0o &)ct"("&a&t$nac"&a& r$%"%t$nc"a a (a $;"n r$%"%t$nc"a a( "0pacto r$%"%t$nc"a a (aat"a c"c(o% &$ cara - &$%cara/ $ "nc()%o "ncr$0$ntar ("$ra0$nt$ (ar$%"%t$nc"a a (a co0pr$%"n. 'ara $( pr$para&o &$ 0$*c(a con (a%

11



!n"#$r%"&a& 'r"#a&a T$($%)p

&o%"<cac"on$% &$ &"%$?o. U)"$r$ &$ 0ano &$ ora ca("<ca&a. H$nor$% &$3.;3.0 por (a% &"0$n%"on$% &$ (o% $)"po%. A(to% )$ $( &$ #a %$ca.

.!" Co%s-)er'$-o%es )e #' Hr'.

!.!.!" C#'s-H$'$-/% De F-r's• A(a0r$ corta&o $n ro• L>0"na corta&a• E;tracc"n a part"r &$ 0a%a )n&"&a otro%

..!.1" P'r*e&ros Q+e Des$r-e% L' C'#-)') De L' F-r'

• Ra&"o &$ A%p$cto Lon"t)& D">0$tro/• R$%"%t$nc"a a (a t$n%"n• Jor0a $o0tr"ca

.!.7" C'r'$&er2s&-$'s Me$%-$'s De L' F-r'• '$%o E%p$c<co• H&)(o &$ Vo)n o H&)(o &$ $(a%t"c"&a&• H&)(o &$ T$n%"n &$ r)pt)ra por tracc"n• E(onac"n &$ Rot)ra

.1" C'r'$&er2s&-$'s 0eo*;&r-$'s )e #'s Hr's.

E( concr$to (an*a&o %+otcr$t$/ r$or*a&o con <ra% 0$t>("ca% "ncorpora )n#o()0$n r$(at"#a0$nt$ p$)$?o &$ $%ta% <ra% $n co0parac"n con %)

0a%a tota( +a%ta )n 2/. La% prop"$&a&$% caract$r%t"ca% &$ $%t$ 0at$r"a(%on &$<n"&a% por $( c&"o ACI 56.1R98 $n )nc"n a 5 cr"t$r"o% a%$F

.7" Res-s&e%$-' ' #' eJ-/% > $o*res-/%:

La% r$%"%t$nc"a% tp"ca% a (a $;"n ot$n"&a% a (a% 28 &a% a part"r &$t$%t"o% pr"%0>t"co% #"a%/ ot$n"&a% &$ ac)$r&o a (a nor0a ATH C78 %$%"t=an $n )n rano $ntr$ 42 ,c02 4.1 H'a/ - 15 ,c02 1.3 H'a/.Ca$ %$?a(ar )$ $%t$ rano %$ a%a $n (o% #a(or$% tp"co% $%p$c"<ca&o%para 0"n$ra - con%tr)cc"n %"n $0aro $% po%"($ "ncr$0$ntar (ar$%"%t$nc"a &$p$n&"$n&o &$ (o% r$)$r"0"$nto% $%tr)ct)ra($% &$( pro-$cto

%"$0pr$ )$ $%to %$a act"($ t$cno("ca - pr>ct"ca0$nt$. La 0"%0a nor0a%"t=a (a r$%"%t$nc"a $n co0pr$%"n &$( %+otcr$t$ $ntr$ 296 ,c02 29 H'a/- 53 ,c02 52 H'a/ ap("c>n&o%$ (a 0"%0a con%"&$rac"n )$ $n $( ca%oant$r"or.

." Res-s&e%$-' '# -*'$&o:

D$ ac)$r&o a( $n%a-o para cara% &$ "0pacto &$%cr"to $n $( c&"o ACI544.2R %$ $%p$ra )$ $( n=0$ro &$ o(p$% &$( 0art"((o $%t>n&ar r$)$r"&o%para <%)rar - %$parar (o% $%p$c0$n$% &$ %+otcr$t$ r$or*a&o con <ra% a(o% 28 &a% %$ $nc)$ntr$ $ntr$ 1 - 5 &$p$n&"$n&o &$ (a &o%"% - t"po &$

12



!n"#$r%"&a& 'r"#a&a T$($%)p

<ra%. En co0parac"n (a% 0$*c(a% &$ %+otcr$t$ %"n <ra% r$)"$r$n)%)a(0$nt$ 1 a 4 o(p$% para a(can*ar (a a((a.

..!" Te%'$-)'):

La cant"&a& &$ $n$ra r$)$r"&a para pro&)c"r (a a((a $n $%t$ t"po &$concr$to &$p$n&$r> &$ (a &o%"% &$ <ra - %) t"po. D$ ac)$r&o a (a% pr)$a%r$a("*a&a% a:o (a nor0a $n #"a% p$)$?a% 1 ; 1 ; 35 00/ %$$%p$ra )$ $%ta $n$ra %$a 1 a 2 #$c$% (a r$)$r"&a para +ac$r a((ar)na 0)$%tra contro( %"n <ra a:o (a% 0"%0a% con&"c"on$% &$ $n%a-o.

..1" Esf+er(os )e &r'$$-/% '# K )e #' $'r0' )e f'##':

A p$%ar &$ )$ $%t$ par>0$tro no $% &$ r$$r$nc"a co0=n p$r0"t$ $#a()ar$( co0porta0"$nto &$ %+ot$cr$t$ r$nt$ a cara% ap("ca&a% r>p"&a0$nt$+a%ta (($ar a (a a((a. D$ ac)$r&o a (o% $n%a-o% r$a("*a&o% por R.A. Qa&$n&$%cr"to% $n %) ("ro J"$r R$"norc$& +otcr$t$F R"r"$ Da0 an& L"tt($ Goo%$C'RR/ R$(ocat"onB p)("ca&o por $( ACI "nt$rnac"ona( %$ $%p$ra )$ $(&$%$0p$?o &$( %+otcr$t$ r$or*a&o con <ra% %$a apro;"0a&a0$nt$ $(&o($ &$( ot$n"&o por $( %+otcr$t$ %"n $%t$ r$)$r*o.

..7" Res-s&e%$-' '# )esre%)-*-e%&o 3r+e' )e ')ere%$-'":

Lo% $n%a-o% r$a("*a&o% %or$ anc(a:$% $0$"&o% &)rant$ $( proc$%o &$#ac"a&o 0)$%tran )na r$%"%t$nc"a a( &$%pr$n&"0"$nto &$( %+otcr$t$r$or*a&o con <ra %)p$r"or $n 0>% &$ 5 con r$%p$cto a (a r$%"%t$nc"a &$%) contrapart$ &$ %+otcr$t$ car$nt$ &$ $%t$ r$)$r*o.

9I. MATERIALES USADOS PARA LA ELAORACION DEL S@OCRETEREFORZADO.

Lo% 0at$r"a($% )%a&o% $n $( +otcr$t$ %on >%"ca0$nt$ (o% 0"%0o% )$ (o%)t"("*a&o% $n )n concr$to con#$nc"ona(F c$0$nto ar$a&o% "n$rt$% <no%a)a a&"t"#o% - a part"r &$ (o% 8W% %$ $0p$*aron a )%ar <ra%.

.!"Ce*e%&o > A0+':

E( c$0$nto )t"("*a&o )$ $( c$0$nto con#$nc"ona( 'rt(an& T"po I - $( a)a$0p($a&a $n $( &"%$?o &$ 0$*c(a )$ a)a pota($.

.1"A0re0')os:

Lo% ar$a&o% para $( +otcr$t$ &$$n c)0p("r %"$0pr$ con (a nor0a.

.7"A)-&-<os:

'OLV@EED RI. E% )n a&"t"#o r$tar&ant$ r$&)ctor &$ a)a &$ 0$&"o rano0)(t"co0pon$nt$ - ("r$ &$ c(or)ro% or0)(a&o para pro&)c"r $n $( ca%o &$(

13



!n"#$r%"&a& 'r"#a&a T$($%)p

+otcr$t$ "ncr$0$nto $n $( &$%arro((o &$ (a% r$%"%t$nc"a% a (a co0pr$%"n - a(a $;"n $n to&a% (a% $&a&$% a&$0>% )$ r$%)(ta $$ct"#o -a %$a co0o )na&"t"#o =n"co o co0o part$ &$ )n %"%t$0a &$ a&"t"#o% HT.

R@EO!ILD 1. E% )n a&"t"#o r$&)ctor &$ a)a &$ a(torano &"%$?a&o

para pro&)c"r concr$to r+$op(a%t"co - r$co0$n&a&o para &$%arro((o r>p"&o&$ r$%"%t$nc"a% - )%o )n&a0$nta( $n ap("cac"on$% c"#"($% - &$ 0"n$ra -a%$a $n +otcr$t$ por #a +=0$&a o %$ca.

HEVCO A16. E% )n a&"t"#o ac$($rant$ &$ $($#a&o r$n&"0"$nto $;$nto &$>(ca("% para %) )t"("*ac"n $n $( proc$%o &$ pro-$cc"n por #a +=0$&aa&$c)a&o para to&a% a)$((a% ap("cac"on$% &on&$ %$ r$)"$ran r$%"%t$nc"a%"n"c"a($% o <na($% $($#a&a% $% "&n$o para concr$to pro-$cta&o por #a+=0$&a $n $( %o%t$n"0"$nto &$ roca%.

9II. RECOMENDACIONES

La nat)ra($*a &$( %oport$ t"$n$ )na "0portanc"a pr"0or&"a( para (aa&+$r$nc"a &$( concr$to (an*a&o (a c)a( %$ arant"*a =n"ca0$nt$ por )n$n0$no 0$c>n"co. D)rant$ (a% pr"0$ra% racc"on$% &$ %$)n&o &$("0pacto &$( c+orro %or$ (a %)p$r<c"$ &$ ap("cac"n %$ or0a )na &$(a&acapa co0p)$%ta por (o% $($0$nto% 0>% <no% &$ (a 0$*c(a $% &$c"r &$ (apa%ta &$ c$0$nto - ar$na <na. E%ta capa no %(o %"r#$ para "ncorporar (o%ar$a&o% 0>% r)$%o% %"no )$ p$n$tra ta0"n por (a )$r*a &$( "0pacto$n (a% p$)$?a% "rr$)(ar"&a&$% (o% poro% - (a% <%)ra% &$ (a %)p$r<c"$ &$ap("cac"n (oran&o )na $;c$($nt$ a&+$r$nc"a $ntr$ $( concr$to (an*a&o -

%) %oport$ )na #$* )$ +a ra)a&o $( c$0$nto.E% "0portant$ )$ $( %)%trato no #"r$ )$ %oport$ $( "0pacto &$( c+orro &$concr$to - $( p$%o &$( 0at$r"a(. " %$ $0p($an c"0ra% %ta% %$ &$$n&"%$?ar para ac"("tar (a %a("&a &$( a"r$ co0pr"0"&o - $( r$ot$ &)rant$ (aco(ocac"n.

E( $0p($o &$( concr$to (an*a&o con <ra% $% )na #ar"ant$ &$ $%t$ 0to&o&$ r$parac"n. E( concr$to (an*a&o %"n r$)$r*o a( ")a( )$ $( concr$totra&"c"ona( no r$%"%t$ (o% $%)$r*o% &$ t$n%"n - %$ ar"$ta. A( a&"c"onar <ra0$t>("ca a (a 0$*c(a &$ concr$to (an*a&o ot$n$0o% c)an&o $n&)r$c$ )n

"ncr$0$nto $n (a &)ct"("&a& $n (a capac"&a& &$ a%orc"n &$ $n$ra - $n(a% r$%"%t$nc"a% a( "0pacto - a (a $;"n $ntr$ otra% prop"$&a&$%.

A( $0p($ar <ra 0$t>("ca no &$$0o% ca)%ar n"n=n pro($0a a&"c"ona(. T"$n$ )$ 0ant$n$r%$ $;acta (a &o%"<cac"n &$ <ra - r$&)c"r%$ a( 0n"0o%) pr&"&a por r$ot$. La ca("&a& &$ (a% <ra% &$$ arant"*ar $( )%o pt"0o- $( 0$:ora0"$nto &$ (a ca("&a& <na( &$( concr$to.

E( concr$to (an*a&o n$c$%"ta a( ")a( )$ $( tra&"c"ona( )n c)ra&o a&$c)a&opara &$%arro((ar to&a% %)% prop"$&a&$% %"t)ac"n )$ %$ #)$(#$ 0>% crt"cac)an&o %$ $0p($an a&"t"#o% ac$($rant$%.

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!n"#$r%"&a& 'r"#a&a T$($%)p

E% 0)- "0portant$ proporc"onar )n a0"$nt$ +=0$&o con t$0p$rat)ra%aprop"a&a% para pr$#$n"r (a pr&"&a &$ a)a &)rant$ )n p$r"o&o &$<n"&o a<n &$ (orar (a +"&ratac"n a&$c)a&a &$( c$0$nto - ot$n$r (a%caract$r%t"ca% &$%$a&a%.

9III. CONCLUCIONES

E( concr$to (an*a&o ap("ca&o corr$cta0$nt$ $% )n 0at$r"a( &$ con%tr)cc"n%("&o - &)ra($ =n"co $n %) or0a &$ co(ocac"n por (a po%""("&a& &$ap("car%$ tanto $n %)p$r<c"$% #$rt"ca($% co0o %or$ ca$*a. Or$c$ 0)c+a%#$nta:a% )$ no t"$n$ n"n=n otro 0to&o &$ r$parac"n.

Entr$ %)% pr"nc"pa($% caract$r%t"ca% p)$&$ 0$nc"onar%$ %) $;c$($nt$a&+$r$nc"a a &"$r$nt$% 0at$r"a($% ta( co0o concr$to roca 0a&$ra ac$ro -otro%. A&$0>% %$ p)$&$ ot$n$r )n concr$to &$n%o con r$(ac"on$% a)a c$0$nto a:a% &$ a(ta r$%"%t$nc"a a:a a%orc"n )$na r$%"%t$nc"a a(

"nt$0p$r"%0o )$na a&+$r$nc"a a( %)%trato $tct$ra.

'$r0"t$ ta0"n )na ran #ar"$&a& &$ t$;t)ra% para $( acaa&o &$ (ar$parac"n. ')$&$n 0$nc"onar%$ por $:$0p(o (a t$;t)ra r)o%a nat)ra(prop"a &$( 0to&o $( $%co"((a&o con ((ana &$ 0a&$ra o ((ana 0$t>("ca con$%pon:a o p)("&a %$=n %$ r$)"$ra.

E( $0p($o &$( concr$to (an*a&o r$%pon&$ a ra*on$% &$ co%to o con#$n"$nc"a.Or$c$ #$nta:a% por $:$0p(o c)an&o $( co%to &$ (a c"0ra $% 0)- a(to o %$r$)"$r$n c"0ra% con or0a% "0pr>ct"ca%M ta0"n c)an&o %$ p)$&$n$("0"nar (a% c"0ra% o r$&)c"r %) n=0$ro c)an&o $( acc$%o a( >r$a &$

traa:o $% &"c"( c)an&o %$ r$)"$r$n $%p$%or$% #ar"a($% o $% n$c$%ar"a (aap("cac"n $n capa% &$(a&a% o c)an&o (o% 0to&o% tra&"c"ona($% &$co(ocac"n no %on po%"($%.

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