7/21/2019 CAPITULO III. EL CONDENSADOR Y EL EVAPORADOR.pdf

1/29

9

ENB INPKNEK KT]ENK JKXAINDKCMHKPAIEC.DKA

DI]EPWCK EEE. GC DKN@GNTI@KV U GC GZI]KVI@KV

7/21/2019 CAPITULO III. EL CONDENSADOR Y EL EVAPORADOR.pdf

2/29

6

ENB INPKNEK KT]ENK JKXAINDKCMHKPAIEC.DKA

Pifci `g dkntgne`k `gc diptuck

DI]EPWCK EEE. GC DKN@GNTI@KV U GC GZI]KVI@KV ..................... ......................... .............. 9

4.9. GC DKN@GNTI@KV ......................... ........................ ....................... ......................... .............. 0

4.9.9. ENJCWGNDEI @GC DIAFEK @G ]VGTEN GN CI DKN@GNTIDEKN .............................. 7

4.9.6. ENJCWGNDEI @G JIDPKVGT GXPGVNKT YWG IJGDPIN CI PVINTJGVGNDEI @GDICKV GN GC VGN@EAEGNPK @GC DKN@GNTI@KV.............................................................. :

4.9.4. DKNPVKC @G ]VGTEKN @GC DKN@GNTI@KV ...................... ......................... .............. 2

4.9.4.9. AGPK@K @GC DEDCIOG @G ZGNPECI@KVGT .................................. ....................... 2

4.9.4.6. AGPK@K ENWN@IDEKN @G DKN@GNTI@KV ....................... ...................... ............ 8

4.9.4.4. AGPK@K @G DKN@GNTI@KV @EZE@K ......................... ...................... .................... 8

4.9.0. PE]KT @G DKN@GNTI@KVGT ....................................................................................... 8

4.9.0.9. PE]KT @G DKN@GNTI@KVGT GNJVEI@KT ]KV IEVG ..................... .................... 5

4.9.0.6. PE]KT @G DKN@GNTI@KVGT GNJVEI@KT ]KV IBWI .................................... . 9=

4.9.7. DCDWCKT @GC DKN@GNTI@KV. .............................................................................. 97

4.9.:. TGCGDDEN @GC DKN@GNTI@KV .............................................................................. 9:

4.9.:.9 AGPK@K @GC JIDPKV @G VGDHI_K @G DICKV ............................. .................. 9:

4.9.:.6. AGPK@K GA]EVEDK ..................... ......................... ......................... ...................... . 92

4.9.:.4. AGPK@K @G CKT JIFVEDINPGT ......................... ......................... ...................... . 98

4.9.:.0. ]KV CI TGCGDDEN @G DKA]VGTKVGT ...................... ......................... ............ 98

4.6. GC GZI]KVI@KV................................................................................................................ 98

4.6.9. VGDICGNPIAEGNPKT.................................................................................................. 6=

4.6.9.9. VGDICGNPIAEGNPK WPEC K TKFVGDICGNPIAEGNPK @GC GZI]KVI@KV ..... 6=

4.6.9.6. VGDICGNPIAEGNPK ENWPEC, IAFEGNPIC K @G TWDDEKN. ...................... .......... 6=

4.6.9.4. VGDICGNPIAEGNPK PKPIC ........................ ......................... ....................... ......... 69

4.6.6. ENJCWGNDEI @GC DIAFEK @G ]VGTEN @G TWDDEKN GN CI GZI]KVIDEKN ......... 66

4.6.4. ENJCWGNDEI @G JIDPKVGT GXPGVNKT YWG IJGDPIN CI PVINTJGVGNDEI @GDICKV GN GC VGN@EAEGNPK @GC GZI]KVI@KV. ............................................................. 66

4.6.4. PE]KT @G GZI]KVI@KVGT TGBN CI ZGNPECIDEKN ........................ ..................... 64

4.6.0. PE]KT @G GZI]KVI@KVGT TGBN CI DKNTPVWDDEKN ...................... .................. 60

4.6.0.9. GZI]KVI@KV @G ]CIDIT .................................................................................. 60

4.6.0.6. GZI]KVI@KV @G PWFK ICGPGI@K U IEVG JKV_I@K ........................ ............ 60

4.6.0.4. GZI]KVI@KV @G GX]INTEN ENWN@I@I ........................................................ 67

4.6.0.0. GZI]KVI@KV @G DIVDITI U TGV]GNPEN ....................... ...................... .......... 6:

4.6.0.7. GZI]KVI@KV @G @KFCG PWFK ......................................................................... 6:

4.6.0.:. GZI]KVI@KVGT @G DITDK U PWFK ......................... ...................... .................. 62

4.6.7. GZI]KVI@KVGT TGBN CI PGA]GVIPWVI @G TIPWVIDEN ...................... .... 62

4.6.7.9. @G FIOI PGA]GVIPWVI. .................................................................................... 62

4.6.7.6. AG@EI PGA]GVIPWVI ......................................................................................... 62

7/21/2019 CAPITULO III. EL CONDENSADOR Y EL EVAPORADOR.pdf

3/29

4

ENB INPKNEK KT]ENK JKXAINDKCMHKPAIEC.DKA

4.6.7.4. ICPI PGA]GVIPWVI ........................................................................................... 62

4.6.:. TGCGDDEN @G GZI]KVI@KV ................................................................................... 68

7/21/2019 CAPITULO III. EL CONDENSADOR Y EL EVAPORADOR.pdf

4/29

0

ENB INPKNEK KT]ENK JKXAINDKCMHKPAIEC.DKA

4.9. GC DKN@GNTI@KV

Gc dkn`gnsi`kr tegng ci junden `g gxtrigr gc dickr qug trig gc rgjrebgrintg qug bin gn gc

gvipkri`kr, gn gc dkaprgskr y tufgris ic iafegntg. ]iri ckbrirck, sg `gfg isgburir qug gcrgjrebgrintg qug vegngn gn gsti`k bisgksk, sg dkn`gnsg piri ck duic sg `gfg tgngr uni prgsen cksujedegntgagntg icti qug birintedg qug ci tgapgrituri `g situriden i `edhi prgsen (PGA]GVIPWVI @G DKN@GNTIDEKN ), sgi aiykr qug ci `gc iafegntg. Wni pirtg `gdkn`gnsi`kr tegng ci junden `g quetir gc dickr sgnsefcg (9/: pirtg), duin`k ccgbiaks i citgapgrituri `g dkn`gnsiden yi nk pk`gaks gnjreir as y gapgziaks i dkn`gnsir. (0/:).

ZGV ZE@GK? http?//ykutu.fg/jEcIhny-n]I

Gc dkn`gnsi`kr sugcg sgr `g un 47% i un 0=% as brin`g qug gc gvipkri`kr, `gpgn`egn`k `gjidtkrgs dkak ci tgapgrituri `g gvipkriden `gc sestgai, rgjrebgrintgs, gtd. ]iri pk`gr dkn`gnsirhi `g hifgr `g 9=D i 97D `g t gntrg ci tgapgrituri `g dkn`gnsiden i ci prgsen `g icti y citgapgrituri `gc ag`ek dkn`gnsifcg k gn ktris picifris, ci tgapgrituri `g dkn`gnsiden ksituriden i ci prgsen `i`i `gfg sgr aiykr `g 9= i 97D dkn rgciden i ci tgapgrituriiafegntic.

t k @P 1 Pgapgrituri Tituriden Pgapgrituri iafegntic

Dkn ci tgapgrituri `g situriden y dknkdegn`k gc tepk `g rgjrebgrintg, sg kftegng gc vickr `g ciprgsen `g `gsdirbi k `g icti yi sgi gn ainkagtrks k tifcis. Ci dipide`i` `gc dkn`gnsi`kr sggxprgsi gn Ritts, FPW/Hr, Ldic/Hr y H].

TWFGNJVEIAEGNPK? Wn fugn sufgnjreiaegntk, qug gs ci `ejgrgndei `g tgapgrituris gntrg citgapgrituri `g dkn`gnsiden k `g situriden i prgsen icti y ci tgapgrituri `gc rgjrebgrintg i cigntri`i `gc gcgagntk `g gxpinsen, gsti icrg`g`kr `g :D i 8D pkr `gfiok `g ci tgapgrituri `gdkn`gnsiden.

7/21/2019 CAPITULO III. EL CONDENSADOR Y EL EVAPORADOR.pdf

5/29

7

ENB INPKNEK KT]ENK JKXAINDKCMHKPAIEC.DKA

TWFGNJVEIAEGNPK 1 PGA] DKN@GNTIDEKN PGA] GNPVI@I GCGAGNPK @GGX]INTEKN

Te gc dkn`gnsi`kr jugri `gaisei`k brin`g nk tgn`riaks sujedegntg prgsen `g icti y nkpk`riaks gapuoir gc cque`k hidei gc gvipkri`kr. Ci prgsen e`gic `g dkn`gnsiden gs ci aneaiqug pk`iaks aintgngr tk`k gc ik. Gn gc akagntk qug dgsi gc ag`ek dkn`gnsifcg iuagntiri citgapgrituri `g dkn`gnsiden y ci prgsen.

Gntrg cis vgntiois `g un fugn sufgnjreiaegntk gstin?

Endrgagntk gn ci gjedegndei `gc sestgai pkr ci binindei gn gjgdtk rgjrebgrintg gn gcgvipkri`kr. Endrgagntk gn ci gjedegndei `gc gcgagntk `g gxpinsen ic `esaenuer gc jcish bis i ci gntri`i`gc aesak.

]iri agokrir gc sufgnjreiaegntk gn gc sestgai pu`g gogdutir cis sebuegntgs iddekngs?

Aintgngr ceapeks cks dkn`gnsi`krgs. Gceaenir kfstruddekngs gn gc dkn`gnsi`kr. Wfedir gc gcgagntk `g gxpinsen `gntrk `gc rgdentk. Aintgngr gn sus nevgcgs nkraicgs gc rgdicgntiaegntk `gc sestgai. Wsir entgrdiafei`krgs `g dickr gn gc sestgai.

ZGV ZE@GK? http?//ykutu.fg/`vyibZUVLB8

4.9.9. ENJCWGNDEI @GC DIAFEK @G ]VGTEN GN CI DKN@GNTIDEKN

Gn ci jeburi sg augstrin trgs prgsekngs `ejgrgntgs `g kpgriden gn su kr`gn `g aiykr i agnkr, ]9,]6 y ]4. Ci dipide`i` `gc dkn`gnsi`kr gs ci dinte`i` `g dickr qug gc dkn`gnsi`kr gs dipiz `g

7/21/2019 CAPITULO III. EL CONDENSADOR Y EL EVAPORADOR.pdf

6/29

:

ENB INPKNEK KT]ENK JKXAINDKCMHKPAIEC.DKA

gxtrigr ic rgjrebgrintg. Te `esaenueaks ci tgapgrituri `g dkn`gnsiden gc dkn`gnsi`kr pk`r sgras pgqugk. Piafen nks ak`ejedi ci dipide`i` `gc dkn`gnsi`kr ci rgciden `g dkaprgsen, k ci`ejgrgndei `g prgsen gntrg ci fioi y ci icti. Duin`k as icti sgi ci tgapgrituri `g dkn`gnsiden

as brin`g `gfgr sgr gc dkn`gnsi`kr piri ci aesai pktgndei jrebkrjedi.

]kr gogapck se tgngaks `ks dairis `g ci aesai pktgndei jrebkrjedi pgrk `g `ejgrgntgstgapgrituris iuagntiri ci dipide`i` `gc dkn`gnsi`kr ic iuagntir ci rgciden `g dkaprgsen.

4.9.6. ENJCWGNDEI @G JIDPKVGT GXPGVNKT YWG IJGDPIN CIPVINTJGVGNDEI @G DICKV GN GC VGN@EAEGNPK @GCDKN@GNTI@KV.

Gc prkfcgai `g tk`ks cks dkn`gnsi`krgs gs ci sudeg`i` qug sg iduauci qug hidg `g iescintgeape`egn`k qug sicbi gc dickr. Gn un dedck nkraic, gc ceque`k `gc dkn`gnsi`kr sicg `gc aesak dkn unsufgnjreiaegntk, tic duic dkak sg kfsgrvi gn gc puntk 0 `gc `eibriai, `gspus `g gcck pisi icgcgagntk `g gxpinsen histi ccgbir ic puntk 9. Ci ifskrden `g dickr gn gc gvipkri`kr kdurrg `gcpuntk 9 ic puntk 6.

Ihkri se hiy gcgagntks qug eape`gn ci trinsjgrgndei `g dickr ic iafegntg, gc puntk 0 sg trisci`i icpuntk I, rg`udegn`k ci trinsjgrgndei `g dickr ic ag`ek y pkr gn`g yi nk hiy sufgnjreiaegntk `gcceque`k dkn`gnsi`k. @gc puntk I pisi ic gcgagntk `g gxpinsen, `kn`g i ci sice`i gxestgn

furfuois ck duic hidg qug ci vcvuci nk kpgrg fegn, i`gas , ci ifskrden `g dickr ihkri sg rg`udg`gc puntk F ic puntk 6, diygn`k ci gjedegndei `gc sestgai y su DK]. Zgiaks gc gjgdtk `g cisudeg`i` u kfogtks qug eape`gn ci trinsjgrgndei `g dickr gn gc sebuegntg `eibriai?

7/21/2019 CAPITULO III. EL CONDENSADOR Y EL EVAPORADOR.pdf

7/29

2

ENB INPKNEK KT]ENK JKXAINDKCMHKPAIEC.DKA

4.9.4. DKNPVKC @G ]VGTEKN @GC DKN@GNTI@KV

Wnk `g cks rgtks gn nugstrks `is gs ci rg`udden `gc dknsuak `g gngrbi `g cks sestgais `grgjrebgriden. Cks sestgais `g rgjrebgriden i `ejgrgndei `g cks `g ierg idkn`edekni`k, trifioinaudhk ais tegapks y pkr tintk dknsuagn audhk ais gngrbi. Wnk `g cks atk`ks piri ihkrrirgngrbi dknsestg gn rg`uder gc dknsuak `gc dkaprgskr `esaenuygn`k su prgsen `g `gsdirbi.

Gn cks `is as dicurksks, ci prgsen gng cg dkn`gnsi`kr iuagnti y pkr gn`g gc iapgriog `gcdkaprgskr< gstk sg `gfg i qug sg rgquegrg `g aiykr trifiok piri dkapreaer un bis rgjrebgrintg iuni prgsen aiykr. Duin`k ci prgsen `g `gsdirbi `esaenuyg, `esaenuyg gc dknsuak `g dkrregntg`gc dkaprgskr.

Cis dipide`i`gs `g cks dkn`gnsi`krgs `gpgn`gn gn pirtg `gc @P k `ejgrgndeic `g tgapgriturigntrg ci tgapgrituri `g dkn`gnsiden y ci tgapgrituri iafegntic `gc jcue`k qug gnjri gcdkn`gnsi`kr. Te ci tgapgrituri `gc iafegntg `esaenuyg, sg endrgagnti ci dipide`i` gcdkn`gnsi`kr, gstk sg tri`udg gn uni prgsen agnkr y un dknsuak agnkr `gc dkaprgskr.

Gn duintk i cks sestgais `g gxpinsen, ci audhi di`i `g prgsen gn gc dkn`gnsi`kr ijgdtingbiteviagntg su rgn`eaegntk `g cks aesaks, rg`udegn`k ci dipide`i` gc gvipkri`ksendrgagntn`ksg gc rgdicgntiaegntk. Gsti di`i `g prgsen tiafen pug`g ijgdtir gc rgtkrnk `gcufredintg pkr cis tufgris `gc sestgai ijgdtin`k ci ve`i tec `gc aesak.

Tg pug`g dkndcuer gntkndgs qug gc jidtkr i tgngr gn dugnti piri `gtgraenir ci prgsen aneai

idgptifcg `g trifiok `g un dkn`gnsi`kr gs ci axeai di`i `g prgsen pgraete`i gn gc gcgagntk`g gxpinsen. Wni vgz `gtgraeni`k, sg ioustin cks dkntrkcgs `g prgsen `gc dkn`gnsi`kr piriaintgngr ci prgsen `gc aesak gn cks rinbks gstifcgde`ks. Gxestgn trgs atk`ks dkaungs piridkntrkcir ci prgsen gn gc dkn`gnsi`kr?

4.9.4.9. AGPK@K @GC DEDCIOG @G ZGNPECI@KVGT

Gn cks `is `kn`g ci tgapgrituri iafegntg gs auy fioi, ci prgsen gn gc dkn`gnsi`kr dkaegnzi i`esaenuer, piri nk `goir digr audhk ci prgsen sg ipibin vgnteci`krgs piri `esaenuer citrinsjgrgndei `g dickr y pkr gn`g sg endrgagnti ci prgsen gn gc dkn`gnsi`kr.

7/21/2019 CAPITULO III. EL CONDENSADOR Y EL EVAPORADOR.pdf

8/29

8

ENB INPKNEK KT]ENK JKXAINDKCMHKPAIEC.DKA

Gstg atk`k gs sgndecck `g dkntrkcir, pgrk prgsgnti jcudtuidekngs `g prgsen gn gc rgdefe`kr `gceque`k y pkr tintk vireir ci prgsen qug cg ccgbi ic gcgagntk `g gxpinsen jcudtuin`k tiafen surgn`eaegntk.

4.9.4.6. AGPK@K ENWN@IDEKN @G DKN@GNTI@KV

]iri gstg atk`k sg gapcgin vcvucis rgbuci`kris `g prgsen, gstis vcvucis drgin un `ejgrgndeic`g prgsen gntrg gc dkn`gnsi`kr y gc rgdefe`kr `g cque`k< ci vcvuci nk pgraetg gc pisk `grgjrebgrintg hidei gc rgdefe`kr histi duin`k nk hiyi ccgbi`k i un vickr `gtgraeni`k, dkn gstiidden gc dkn`gnsi`kr sg eri enun`in`k `g ceque`k rgjrebgrintg endrgagntin`k ci prgsen gn gcaesak.

]iri dkapgnsir ci di`i `g prgsen gn gc rgdefe`kr `g ceque`k, sg gapcgi uni vcvuci i`edeknicdkngdti`i gntrg ci `gsdirbi `gc dkaprgskr y gc rgdefe`kr, qug ic `gtgdtir ci `ejgrgndei `g prgsen,hidg qug bis `g ci tufgri `g `gsdirbi pisk `ergdtiagntg ic rgdefe`kr endrgagntin`k su prgsen.

Gstg atk`k tegng ci vgntioi qug sg prkvgg `g un prgsen `g ceque`k gstifcg gn gc rgdefe`kr y pkrgn`g uni kpgriden gstifcg `gc gcgagntk `g gxpinsen, pgrk sg rgquegrgn uni dirbi i`edeknic `grgjrebgrintg. Gstg rgjrebgrintg i`edeknic, `gfg icaidgnirsg gn gc rgdefe`kr `g ceque`k gn cks `isdicurksks.

4.9.4.4. AGPK@K @G DKN@GNTI@KV @EZE@K

]iri gceaenir gc endknvgnegntg `g ci i`eden `g rgjrebgrintg gxtri ic sestgai, sg gstifcgdgn `ksderduetks `g dkn`gnsi`krgs ( gn sgreg k piricgck ) piri gc jundekniaegntk gn vgrink g envegrnk. Gcdkn`gnsi`kr `g vgrink sg ipibi sgbn sgi ngdgsirek gn cks `is `g jrek. ]iri ckbrir gstk sggapcgi uni vcvuci `g trgs vis qug sg cg `gnkaeni vcvuci rgdupgri`kri `g dickr. Gsti vcvucitegng uni gntri`i dkan qug vegng `g ci `gsdirbi `gc dkaprgskr y `ks sice`is qug vin i di`idkn`gnsi`kr.

Gn vgrink, sg `gsgngrbezi ci vcvuci pgraetegn`k qug gc bis rgjrebgrintg pisg gn dinte`i`gsebuicgs i iafks dkn`gnsi`krgs iceagntin`k cis aeti`gs `g cks aesaks. Gn envegrnk, sg gngrbezici vcvuci dgrrin`k gc jcuok `g rgjrebgrintg hidei gc dkn`gnsi`kr `g vgrink y ihkri tk`k gcrgjrebgrintg pisi pkr gc dkn`gnsi`kr `g envegrnk.

]iri gvetir qug gc dkn`gnsi`kr `g vgrink iduaucg rgjrebgrintg ceque`k rgaingntg `urintg gcpgrek`k `g envegrnk, uni vcvuci dhgqug sg enstici i su sice`i, piri gvetir gc rgtkrnk `g rgjrebgrintg.Gc rgjrebgrintg itripi`k sg `gvugcvg ic sestgai ag`eintg ci dkngxen `g uni skcgnke`g i ci sice`i`gc dkn`gni`kr y ci tufgri `g sudden, y gntrg gccks uni rgstredden piri `esaenuer ci prgsen i supisk gvetin`k bkcpgs `g prgsen gn ci cngi `g sudden.

4.9.0. PE]KT @G DKN@GNTI@KVGTCks dkn`gnsi`krgs sg `eve`gn tgnegn`k gn dugnti gc sestgai `g gnjreiaegntk

GNJVEI@KT ]KV IEVG

DKNZGDDEKN NIPWVIC TETPGAIT ]GYWGKT,TGNDECCKT, KDW]IN IVGI @G

PVINTJGVGNDEI @G DICKVDKNZGDDEKN JKV_I@I TETPGAIT ]GYWGKT,

AG@EINKT U BVIN@GT,VGYWEGVGN ZGNPECI@KVGT

7/21/2019 CAPITULO III. EL CONDENSADOR Y EL EVAPORADOR.pdf

9/29

5

ENB INPKNEK KT]ENK JKXAINDKCMHKPAIEC.DKA

GNJVEI@KT ]KV IEVG U

IBWI K GZI]KVIPEZKT

DKNZGDDEKN JKV_I@I TETPGAIT AG@EINKT UBVIN@GT, VGYWEGVGN

ZGNPECI@KVGT U TETPGAIT

@G DEVDWCIDEKN UGNJVEIAEGNPK @G IBWI

GNJVEI@KT ]KV IBWI

DKNZGDDEKN JKV_I@I TETPGAIT AG@EINKT UBVIN@GT, VGYWEGVGN

TETPGAIT @G DEVDWCIDEKN UGNJVEIAEGNPK @G IBWI

4.9.0.9. PE]KT @G DKN@GNTI@KVGT GNJVEI@KT ]KV IEVG

Cks dkn`gnsi`krgs qug tegngn dkak ag`ek gnjrei`kr gc ierg iafegntg pug`gn sgr gsttedks k `gterk jkrzi`k?

Gsttedks k `g dknvgdden nituric

Tugcgn sgr `g tufk cesk, dkak ci vgckde`i` `gc ierg gs cgnti sg iduauci audhi sudeg`i`. Tugcgnsgr fistintg cirbks y sg usi sck gn gc gntkrnk `kastedk dkak ngvgris.

Perk jkrzi`k `g dknvgdden jkrzi`i

Wtecezin vgnteci`krgs piri iuagntir ci vgckde`i` `gc ierg, pkr ck tintk rg`udeaks supgrjedeg `g tufk