BHHMaHHe! CKOpO BbIH.n;eT Ha neqaTHC60pHHK no MaTepHaJIaM py6pHKH ~MCTOPHHConpOTHBJIeHHH~, 06'be.n;HHHBWHHCTaTbH HaMHorHX HOMepOB raaeTbI ~TYM-6aJIaJIaHKa~ H)KypHaJIa ~AHTH<paWHCTCKHHMOTHB~. Bcex,KTO aaHHTepecyeTcH aTOH KHHrOH, npOCHMHanHcaTb HaM B aHTH<paWHCTCKYIOKOMHCCHIOCaHKT-lleTep6yprcKoro 06m;eCTBa ~MeMO-pHaJI~.

: .• •• BHHMaHHel IIPOCHM nHcaTb HaM no a)J,pecy: 191002, CaHKT- •: n~Tep6ypr, y:!" Pa3'be3'Kaa; 9, a He Ha CTapbIM nO'ITOBbIM 5Im:HK :• ~1yM-6aJIaJIaHKH1>. 11 npO)J,OJI)KaMTe nocem:aTb Ham npe)KHHM •• caHT http://tumbalalaika.memo.ru. •• TA •• .u3)J,aHHe ocym:eCTBJIeHO npH nO)J,)J,ep)KKe¢oH)J,a ~TO'IKa OnOpbI1>. •• •..................................... :

3mom HOMep ZomoeUJlC~ e oKm~6pe 2002 zoaa. MocKea ...J],a He mOJlbKO MOCKea - ece Mbl, ee3ae: «EeaHbuj, 6eaHbte3eepu! BOlom, pblamom, peeym! B Ka){{aOU 6epJloze U e Ka){{-aou ne~epe ... » Y Ka,){{aOZOmeJleeU30pa - OKaMeHeewue om60JlU U cmpaxa 3pUmeJlU U CJlywameJlu.

B KOZOMbl npeepamUJlUCb? flezo Mbl ){{aaJlu? Mbl ttmo -He nOHUMaJlU, ttmo COn11-t~MUtteJlOeetteCKUx ){{U3HeU JleZKO no-,){{epmeYlOm He mOJlbKO Oaep){{UMble meppopucmbl, HO U 1-tawueJlacmu? Pa3ee Mbl He 3HaJlU, ttmo 6yaem UlmypM U 6yaymy6umble? HJlU U aJl~ Hac tteJlOeetteclW~ '){{U3Hby){{e - He ZJlae-Hoe? Pa3ee Mbl He XomeJlU nepezoeopoe? He eepuJlu e Heo6xo-aW.tQcmb npeKpa~eHu~ eOtl1-lblHa KaeKa3e? He nOHUMaJlU eclO6e3Haae){{1-l0Cmb, ece Omttamlue 3mou L~enHou peaK~uu Hacu-JlU~? Kmo omeemum 3a y6uucmea? 3a cMepmb mex, Kmo 6blJlyayweH za30M - on~mb, KaK 60 Jlem 1-la3aa? Mbl?! Hem.Beab eJlacmu maK U CKa3aJlU: «EepeM Ha ce6~ eClO omeemcm-eeH1-l0Cmb». BClO? BClO.

A zae ,){{e 1-lawa omeemcmeeHHocmb? J],a maM ,){{e, zae Ucoeecmb, Mbl CaaJlu ux eJlaCm~M, 1-leaO){{Uaa~Cb, nOKa ttetteH-~bl caaaym opy,){{ue.

3Hattum, He omeettaeJIt 3a CJlyttueUleec~? A 3a mo, ttmo e~ecJlyttumc~? 3a mo, 1lmo npoucxoaum ceuttac? )f(u3Hb mo6ozoU3 Hac y,){{e O~eHe1-ta: eCJlU ttmo, 100 mblC~tt py6Jleu nOJlyttumpoa~. M bl - COZJlaCHbl?

B HOMepe:.c

2

MaTepllaJIbI CeMIIHapa

MHrpaHTbI H 6e)KeHUbI B POCCHHCKOH <De)),epaUHH :3o rrpe)),OCTaBJIeHHH cTaTyca 6e)KeHua

B POCCHHCKOH <De)),epaUHH 11IIOMOIIIb 6e)KeHuaM B 3arra)),HoH EBporre 22,lLBH)KeHHe rrpOTHB HeJIeraJIbHOH HMMHrpaUHH 2HUblraHe-6e)KeHUbI B cOBpeMeHHoH EBporre 42,lLHCKYCCH5IHa ceMHHape 4H

AHTH<pallIHcTCKHH aHaJIH3

AHTHr JI06aJIH3M - HOBa5I TeMa

crropoB aHTH¢anIHcToB 52MCTOPH5I ConpOTHHJIeHH5I

<DpaHIIY3cKHe HHTeJIJIeKTyaJIbI H CorrpOTHBJIeHHe 61IIaM5ITH )KepTH

,lLHH rraM5ITH. IIoe3)),Ka B IIOJIbllIY 67KllH)KHOe oooapeHHe

C. 13eJIHKOB <i:13pHTOrOJIOBble~;

A. BepxoBcKHH <i:focy)),apcTBo rrpOTHB

pa)J,HKaJIbHOrO HaUHOHaJIH3Ma~ ;

B. JIHXaqeB <i:HaIIH3M B POCCHH~ 79KHHopeBlo

<i:AMHHb~ 8/i

AHTH<pallIHcTCKa5I xpoHHKa

KOH¢epeHIIH5I UNITED 92AHTH¢allIHCTcKHH TeaTp '" 9/i

,lLeTH rrpOTHB BOHHbI 95

B 2002 zoay mpaaUZ;UO'HJibltl oCeJiJiUZl CeJl'IU'Hap 6blJl nOC651w,ml

aUC"KpuJvlu'Hau,uu 6e)f(c'HZ;e6 U JvluZpa'Hmo6. B ceJvlu'Hape npurl5lJlU Ylla-

cmue "Ka"K cneu,uaJlUCmbl, "KOmOpble aa6JiO U ZJly6o"KO 3aHUJI'laJomC51

aaHHozl npo6JleJvlou, mal< U umnepecY1Ow,a51C51 3mozl meJvlamU"KOZl JvlO-

JlOae)f{b.

MHrPAHTbI II EE)KEH:QbIB POCCllHCKOH <l>E)1EPA:QHH

KpaTKaH cnpaBKa

B MocKBe cymeCTByeT KOMHTeT <tfpa)K,[laHCKOe cO,[leMCTBHe». ::ho rrepBa5]

B POCCHH o6mecTBeHl-raR opraHH3aJJ;HR, KOTopaR CTaJIa 3aHllMaTbCR BbIHY)K-

,[leHHblMH MHrpaHTaMll. OHa 06pa30BaJIaCb B 1990 ro,[ly, KOr,l(a B MOCKBY

XJlbIHYJI rrOTOK 6e)KeHJJ;eB H3 A3ep6aM,[l)KaHa B CBR3H C Kapa6axcKllM KOH-

cPJIllKTOM II KOr,[la HeCKOJIbl{o LleJIOBeK, rrbITaBllIllXCR JIWIHO rrOMoraTb 3THM

JIIO,[lRM, rrOHRJIH: rocY,[lapCTBO OTKa3blBaeTCR OC03HaTb, 'ITO rrp06JIeMa 3Ta -

60JIee cleM Ha ,[leCRTHJIeTHe, H npe,[lrrOJlaraeT, 'ITO Bce YTpRceTCR caMO C060M.

OCHOBHOM JJ;eJIblO KOMHTeTa 6bIJlO rrOMO'Ib JIIO,[lRM a,[larrTHpOBaTbCR, rrOMO'Ib

HM HaMTH HOBoe MeCTO B )KH3HH.

,l(eRTeJIbHOCTb KOMHTeTa <tfpa)K,[laHCKOe CO,[leMCTBHe» Be,[leTCH rro He-

CKOJIbKHl'1 HarrpaBJIeHHJIl'1. OCHOBHoe H3 HHX - pa60Ta ]\1HOr0cPYHKJJ;HOHaJIb-

Hoit rrpHel'1HOM, 'Iepe3 KOTOpYlO Ka)K,l(blM ro,[l rrpoXo,[lHT 60JIbille 12 TblCJI'l 'Ie-

JIOBeK: 6e)KeHJJ;eB, rrepeCeJIeHJJ;eB H3 Cal'1blX pa3Hblx 'IaCTeM HailleM CTpaHbI.

3,l(eCb ocymeCTBJIReTCJI rrepBWIHoe KOHCYJIbTHpOBaHlle no rJIaBHbll'1 ,[lJIJI 6e-

)KeHl(eB BOrrpOCal'1: cT,nyc, penlcTpaJJ;HJI, rpa)K,[laHCTBO, TPY,[lOYCTPOMCTBO,l'1e-

,l(HJJ;HHCKaJIrr0l'10mb, o6pa30BaHlle. B pal'1KaX OKa3aHHJI opraHH3aJJ;HoHHo-rro-

Cpe,l(HH'IeCKoit rr0l'10mH KOl'1HTeT BblCblJIaCT B pa3Hble HUCTaHJJ;HH ,[l0

1500 pa3JIH'IHblX rrHCel'1 B ro,[l: 06pameHHM, ,[lerrYTaTcKHx 3arrpOCOB, Be,[leT Te-

JIecPouuble rreperOBOpbI. 1-lT06bl rro,[l,[lep)KaTb 6e)KeHJJ;eB, KOl'1HTeT OKa3blBaeT

l'1aTepHaJIbuylO H HHYIO rYl'1,UIHTapHYIO rr0l'10mb.

Me,[lllJJ;HHcKaJI rr0l'10mb - O,[lHO H3 Ba)KHeMIlIHX UanpaBJIeHHM pa60Tbl

KOl'1HTeTa. Be)KeuJJ;bl - 3TO JIIO,[lH, KOTopble ue Hl'1eIOT )KHJIbR, ue l'10rYT 0cPH-

JJ;HaJIbHO o6paTHTbCJI no l'1eCTY npO)KHBaUHJI B nOJIHKJIHHHKH HJIH ,[lpyrHe

JIe'Ie6Hble Y'Ipe)K,l(eUHJI, TaK KaK Y HHX ueT rrOJIHca. Bpa'iH KOl'1HTeTa o6cJIe,[lY-

lOT HY)K,[lalOmHXCR, rrpH Heo6xo,[lHl'10CTH UarrpaBJIJIIOT 60JIbUblX Ha rOCmITaJIH-

3aJJ;HIO, rrocemalOT 60JIbUblX H Bble3)KalOT HUOr,[la B nYUKTbl Bpel'1eUHOrO pa3l'1e-

meHlm 6e)KeUJJ;eB.

I10'ITH 50 l'1GCKOBCKHX CTY,[leUTOB ua 6eClIJIaTHOM OCHOBe pa60T,"lOT B

IJ,eHTpe a,[larrTaJJ;HH H 06Y'IeHHJI ,[lJIJI ,[leTeM 6e)KeUJJ;eB H BbIHY)K,[leUUblX rrepece- 3

JIeliI];eB, CyrrreCTBYIOIIIeM rrpll KOl'lIlTeTe C 1996 rotla. fJIaBHaJI 3atla'-Ia l!,eu-

Tpa - BOCCTaHOBJIeHlle KOMMYHilKaTllBHbIX II Y'Ie6Hblx HaBbIKOB, rrCllXOJIOrl1-

'-IeCKa5I rrOMOrrrb tleT5IM B rrOCJleCTpeCcoBoM cllTyaIIIlIl.

O'IeHb 60JIbiliOe 3Ha'-IeHlle llMeeT rrpaBOBaJI rrOMOrrrb 6e)j(eHIIaM: HeCKOJlb-

KO roPlICTOB II atlBOKaTOB BetlYT KOHcYJIbTaTllBHbIM rrplIeM, rrOMoralOT B COCTan-

JIeHlllI ropIItllI'-IeCKlIX tlOKYMeHToB II BetleHlIll rreperrllCKil C rocYtlapCTBeHHbIMH

OpraHal'Ill, rrpetlCTaBJI5IroT IIHTepeCbI 6e)j(eHIIeB B CYtle.

IOpIItlll'IecKYro rrOtltlep)j(KY 6e)j(eHIIeB ocyrrreCTBJIJIeT TaK)j(e ceTb %JVhI-

rpaIIlI5I II npaB01> rrpaBo3arrrlITuoro IIeHTpa %MeMOpIIaJI1> , COCT05IIIIaJI ceM'lar

1I3 rrJITlitleCJITll roplltllI'IeCKllX rryuKToB nOMOrrrlI 6e)j(eHIIaM rro BCe}1 POCCIllI 11

paCIIIIlpJIIOrrraJICJI Ha BOCTOK.

JIIO,ll,I1 eIaCTO 3a,ll,alOT BO-

rrpoc: ~3aeleM HaM HY)KHbI 6e-

}KeHIJ;bI? ITO'-IeMY MbI ,ll,OJDKHbI

o HHX 3a6oTI1TbC5I, I1X rrpHHI1-

MaTb?~ MO)KHO tJ:aTb OTBeT C

TO'IKH 3peHI15I emCTO rrparMa-

TH'IeCKOH:. Y'IeHbIe YTBep)KtJ:a-

lOT, 'ITO B POCCI1H CeH:elaC

CTpallIHbIH: ,ll,eMOrpaepWleCKI1H:

KpI13I1C 11 eITO MOJIO,ll,OMY rrOKO-

JIeHHlO 6Y,ll,eT He rrpOKOpMI1Tb

rrOKOJIeHI1e CBOI1X pO,ll,HTeJIeH:,

KOr,ll,a Te BbIH:,ll,YT Ha rreHCHlO.

IT03TOMY POCCI1I1 HY)KHbI MH-

rpaHTbI HCXO,ll,5I H3 CaMOH: 'ITO

HI1 Ha eCTb rrpaKTI1'IeCKOH: He-

06XO,ll,I1MOCTH. MHrpaHTbI 3aH:-

MYT 3KOHOMH'IeCKI1e HI1IIIH, KO-

TopbIe He XOT5IT 3aHHMaTb, OCO-

6emro B 60JIbIIIHX ropotJ:ax, KO-

peHHbIe )KHTeJIH. HaM HY)KHbI

JIIO,ll,H, KOTopbIe 6Y,ll,YT TOPro-

BaTb I-Ia pbIHKax, pa60TaTb Ha

Crp0H:KaX, HaM HY)KHbI BOtJ:I1Te-

JIH 06meCTBeHHoro TpaHcrrop-

r<1 (ceH:eElC B MOCKBe 3TO rro'I-

TV! l1CKJIIO'IHTeJIbHO YKpaHH-

IJ;bI). CTpaHe HY)KeH rrpHTOI<

CBe)KHX CI1JI, 3HeprH'IHbIe JIIO-

,ll,H, KOTopble BbIHY)K,ll,eHbI Ka-

pa6KaTbC5I B 3TOj;'I)KH3HH, rrpe,T(-

rrpIIHI1MaTb 60JIbillHe YCI1JIIUI

,ll,JI5I Toro, 'IT06bI BbI)KI1Tb. J;JrrOCT<1HOBKaBorrpoca 0 TOM, eITO

roCY,ll,apCTBO He MO)KeT KOp-

MHTb 3THX 6e)KeHIJ;eB H MH-

rpaHTOB, COBepIlleHHO Herrpa-

BOMepHa: 3TH JIlO,ll,H crroc06Hbi

HaKopMHTb ce65I H Hac. CeM-

'Iac MbI OTrrpaBJI5IeM B Hop Be-

rHIO O,ll,HY apM5IHcKYlO ceMbIO:

MaJIb'IHK TaJIaHTJII1BbIH: MaTe-

MaTHK. POCCH5I He ,ll,aJIa 11M

rrpHlOT H rrbITaJIaCb ero C MaTe-

pblO KaK MO)KHO CKopee BbI-

,ll,BOPI1Tb. Ye3)KaIOT MOJIOtJ:bIC

crroco6Hble JIIO,ll,I1, TaK KaK ro-

CYtJ:aPCTBO Haille Be,ll,eT rrOJIH-

TI1KY OTTOp)KeHI15I 6e)KeHIJ;eB.

Kor,ll,a HaIllI1 BJIaCTI1 rOBO-

p5IT HaM, 'ITO HI1 O,ll,Ha CTpaHa

He rrOCTpOHJIa CBoe 6JIaro-

COCT05IHHe Ha MHrp~HTax, C03-

,ll,aeTC5I Brre'IaTJIeHHe, eITO 3TH

JIIO,ll,H rrpOCTO He YeIHJIHCb B

IllKOJIe 11He 3HaIOT, '-ITOeCTb Ha

tJ:pyroM KOHTI1HeIITe TaKM

CTpaHa - CIliA, Bce 6JIaro-

COCT05IHI1e KOTOPOM CTPOI1JIOCb

H CTPOI1TC5I CeH:elaC Ha MI1rpaH-

Tax.

O,ll,HaKO eCJIH CMOTpeTb

Y)Ke C 'IeJIOBe'IeCKOH:, rrpa-

BI1JIbHOH:, Ha MOH: B3r JI5I,ll" TOLI-

KH 3peHH5I, TO Borrpoc: «3aLIeM

OHH HaM HY)KHbI?» - rrpOCTO

He MO)I(eT CTaBHTbC5I. JIIOtJ:H

cymeCTBYlOT He ,ll,JJ5IToro, eITO

6bI KTO-TO KOMY-TO H tJ:JJ5I ele-

rO-TO 6bIJI HY)KeH, - OHH CY-

meCTBYIOT, rrOTOMY eITO OI-IH

eCTb. 11 rrpHJIWIHa5I CTpaHa

Be,ll,eT TaKym rrOJIHTI1KY, eITo6bI

JIlO,ll,H, KOTOpble OKa3aJII1Cb B

3TOH: CTpaHe, )KI1JII1 tJ:OCTOH:HO.

MI1rpaIJ;IJ5I - 3TO rrepece-

JIeHHe JIIotJ:eH: H3 OtJ:HHX perI10-

HOB B ,ll,PyrI1e. MbI 3aHI1MaeMC5I

TaKOH: ee pa3HOBI1,ll,HOCTblO, KO-

TOpM Ha3bIBaeTC5I BbIHY)KtJ:eH-

HOH:MI1rpaIJ;I1eH:, TO eCTb MbI rro-

MOraeM JIlO,ll,5IM,KOTOpble rrOKI1-

HYJII1 CBOI1 tJ:OMa He rrOTOMY,

eITO OHI1 3aXOTeJII1 rrepeCeJII1Tb-

C5I B ,ll,PyrOH: perI10H pa60TaTb,

I1JII1 113 CeJIbCKI1X )KI1TeJIeH:, Ha-

rrpI1Mep, CTaTb ropOtJ:CKI1MI1

)KI1TeJI5IMI1, I1JII1 ITO tJ:PyrOH: Ka-

KOH:-HI16Y,ll,b JIWlHOM rrpWII1He.

3TI1 JIIO,ll,I1 BbIHY}K,ll,eHbI 6bIJIII

yexaTb rrOTOMY, eITO B I1X pOt!:"

HbIX MeCTax rrp0I130IIIJIO LITO-

TO TaKoe, rrOCJIe 'Iero OHI1 TaM

OCTaBaTbC5I Y)Ke 60JIbille He

MOfJIH.

KaKOBbI )Ke rrpWUIHbI BbI-

HY)KtJ:eHHOH: MI1rpaIJ;I1I1 ceH:'Iac,

rrOCJIe pacrra,ll,a COBeTCKoro

COlO3a? CaMbIH: 60JIbIIIOH: rro-

TOK 6e)KeHIJ;eB - 9TO HaIllI1

COOTe'IeCTBeHHI1KI1 H3 6bIB-

I11I1X COlO3HbIX pecrry6JII1K.

)KHTb BO BHOBb 06pa30BaB-

I11I1XC5IrOCYtJ:apCTBax ,ll,JI5I HHX

'IaCTO OKa3bIBaeTC5I HeB03-

MO)KHbIM ITO rrOJIIITI1LIeCKI1M

rrpI1'IHHaM. OHI1 TaM 'IaCTO or-

paHWIeHbI B rrpaBax. 11x 06-

BI1H5IlOT B TOM, 'ITO POCCI15I OK-

KyrrHpOBaJIa tJ:Pynle CTpaHbI,

ITpI16aJITIIKY HarrpIIMep, He

,ll,aBaJIa CB060,ll,HO )KI1Tb pec-

rry6JII1KaM A3III1 11 KaBKa3a.

Pa3YMeeTC5I, Ka)KtJ:bIH: KOH-

KpeTI-IbIH: PYCCKI1H: LIeJIOBeK B

9TOM He BI1HOBaT, 11 pa3YMeeT-

C5I, 5I MeHbille Bcero tJ:eP)KYCb

KOHIJ;errIJ;I1I1 KOJIJIeKTI1BHOH: HC-

TOpI1LIeCKOH: BI1HbI. Ho 11 )KI1Tb

C omymeHI1eM, 'ITO PYCCKHH:

HapO,ll, 06JIarOtJ:eTeJIbCTBOBaJI

,ll,PyrI1e Hap0,ll,bI, TO)Ke CMeIll-

HO. PYCCKI1e, rrpIIexaBIllIIe 113

6bIBIllI1X COBeTCKITX pecrry6-

JII1K, 6bIBalOT T5I)KeJIbI B o6me-

HI1IT, 06I1)KeHbI, HarrpI1Mep Ha

TO, LITO OT HI1X Tpe60BaJIII

yeIHTb HaIJ;I10HaJIbHbIH: 5I3bIK.

7

PYCCKHX. K Ha1.JaJIY BTOPOM

BOMHbI 60JIbllIHHCTBO PYCCKHX

Y)Ke BbleXaJIO H3 1{e1.JHH, Te-

rrepb oTTy,a:a 6erYT 1.Je1.JeH-

IIbl - 6erYT OT 60M6e)KeK

POCCHMCKHXBoeHHbIX, OT rrpo-

H3BOJIa H MaCCOBblX 6ecrro-

P5l,a:KOB,TaK KaK pa3pYllIaeTC5I

ceJIO 3a CeJIOM, CKpbITbC5I OT

60M6 ,a:a)Ke B ropax Y)Ke He-

B03MO)KHO.

ECTb OCHOBaHH5IrrOJIaraTb,

1.JTOCYlI(eCTByeT YCTaHOBKa He

rrpe,a:OCTaBJI5ITb1.Je1.JeHllaMCTa-

TYC BbIHY)K,a:eHHoro rrepece-

JIeHlla H He perHCTpHpOBaTb

HX rro MeCTY rrpe6bIBaHHH H

)KHTeJIbCTBa, ,a:a)Ke Kor,a:a HMe-

IOTCH Bce 3aKOHHbIe Ha TO OC-

HOBaHHH. I1cKJII01.JefIHe ,a:eJIa-

eTcH JIHlIIb B OT,a:eJIbHbIX CJIY-

1.JMX: ,a:JIHTex, KTO MO)KeT ,a:o-

KYMeHTaJIbHO ,a:OKa3aTb CBOIO

rrpHBep)KeHHOCTb POCCHMCKOM

BJIaCTH H HaJIH1.JHerrpeCJIe,a:o-

BaHHM HMeHHO CO CTOPOHbl MY-

cy JIbMaHCKHX ¢YH,a:aMefITaJIH-

CTOBHJIH 6aH,a:HToB. To, 1.JTO,a:e-

JIaeTCH B 1{e1.JHe - 3TO Y):Kac-

HO. O,a:HH 1.Je'-IeHellCKa3aJI: <i:5I

3,a:eCbKa)K,a:bIM ,a:eHb 60IOCb 3a

CBOIO ceMbIO, eCJIH 6bI Y MeHH

6blJIH ,a:eHbrH, 516bl yexaJI B JIa-

repb B I1HryllIeTHIOi>. He B

AMepHKY, HJIH B fOJIJIaH,a:HIO,

HJIH BO (1)paHIIHIO, He B crro-

KOMHble perHOHbI POCCHH, a B

1.JTOrrpOHcxo,a:51T BoopY)KeH-

Hble KOH¢JIHKTbI.

}KepTBbl 1.Je1.JeHCKOMBOM-

Hbl, oceTHHO-HHrYIlICKoro KOH-

¢JIHKTa IOpH,a:H1.JeCKHHe 51BJI5I-

10TC5I6e)KeHllaMH, rrOTOMY 1.JTO

6e)KeHell - 3TO 06513aTeJIbHO

He rpa)K,a:aHHH CTpaI-IbI. I1 TeM

He MeHee ¢aKTH1.JeCKH 3TO Ha-

IIIH BHYTpeHHHe 6e):KeHllbI. B

rrepBYIO 01.Jepe,a:b,)KHTeJIH 1{e-

1.JeHCKOMpecrry6JIHKH, rrOKH-

HYBIIIHe ee TeppHTopHIO H3-3a

Be,a:YII(HXC5I TaM llIHpOKOMac-

IIITa6HblX BoeHHblX ,a:eMCTBHM,

KOTopbIe HallIH BJIaCTH Ha3bl-

BaIOT <i:KOHTpTeppOpHCTH1.Je-

CKOM orrepaIlHeMi>. 110 O¢HIIH-

aJIbHbIM ,a:aHHbIMTOJIbKOB I1H-

rYlIIeTHH Haxo,a:HTC5I 60JIee

160 TbIC5I1.J)KHTeJIeM 1{e1.JHH,

061I(ee )Ke HX 1.JHCJIO rro

OlleHKaM HerrpaBHTeJIbCTBeH-

HbIX opraHH3allHM - 60JIee

300 TbIC5I1.J 1.JeJIOBeK. focy-

,a:apCTBO ,a:JI5I HHX HH1.JerO He

,a:eJIaeT, TOJIbKO MellIaeT HM. B

OTJIl1'-IHeOT 1991 -1996 ro,a:oB,

TO eCTb rrepHo,a:a rrepBOM BOMHbI

H HeCKOJIbKHX JIeT ,a:o Hee CTa-

TYC BbIHY):K,a:eHHoro rrepece-

JIeHlla )KepTBaM BOMHbl 1999 -2001 ro,a:OB rrpaKTH1.JeCKH He

rrpe,a:OCTaBJI5IeTC5I.,lleJIO B TOM,

1.JTO rrepBa51 BOJIHa )KHTeJIeM

1{e1.JHH, ee rrOKH,a:aBllIHX, CO-

CT05lJIa rrpeHMYlI(eCTBeHHO H3

A3ep6aM,a:)KaHa BO BpeM5I Ka-

pa6axcKoro KOH¢JIHKTa, rrpH-

e3):KaIOT )KepTBbI a6xa30-rpy-

3HHcKoro, oceTHHo-rpY3HHcKO-

ro KOH¢JIHKTa. Hallie rocy-

,a:apcTBo HaCTOJIbKO He )KeJIaeT

HMeTb 06513aTeJIbCTB rro onIO-

lIIeHHIO K 3THM JIIO,a:51M,'-ITO yHac HeT HHKaKoro rrpaBOBoro

aKTa, KOTOPbIM 6bl HX rrOJIO)Ke-

HHe orrpe,a:eJI5IJI, - XOT5I Y)K

3a HHX-TO OHO OTBe1.JaeTB rrOJI-

HOM Mepe: HMeHHO rocy,a:apcT-

BO OTBeTCTBeHHO 3a TO,

"JIIO,a:H, KOTopble C1.JHTaIOTPOC-

CHIO CBoeM PO,a:HHOM,,a:OJI)KHbl

HMeTb B03MO)KHOCTb BepHYTb-

C5I, H 3TO CaMa5160JIbllIM rrpo-

6JIeMa.

ElI(e o,a:Ha rrpH1.JHHa-

B03HHKHOBeHHe rOp5l1.JHX TO-

1.JeK, 60JIbllIHX 01.JarOB Me):K3T-

HH1.JeCKHX H ,a:pymx BOOPY-

):KeHHbIX KOHCI)JIHKTOB. Ap-

M5IHe H pYCCKHe 6e)KaJIH H3

TeM He MeHee, KaKHe OHH HH

eCTb, OHH HallIH, H rrpHHHMaTb

Mbl HX ,a:OJDKHbI. Y HHX He 6bl-

JIO OII(YlI(eHH5I, 1.JTOOHH )KHBYT

B ,a:PyroM CTpaHe, B ,a:Pyroit

pecrry6JIHKe, - OHH )KHJIH B

POCCHH. I1 OHa, POCCH5I, C KO-

TOpOM OHH CB5I3aHbl KYJIbTYP-

HO, KOTOpa51HX Ty,a:a rrOCJIaJIa,

,a:OJI)KHaHX rrpHH5ITb. TaKHx

JIIo,a:eM25 MHJIJIHOHOB, He Bce

OHH 3aXOT5IT BepHYTbC5I B

POCCHIO, KTO-TO CMO)KeT HH-

TerpHpOBaTbC5I B HOBoe 061I(e-

CTBO - HO KTO-TO HeT.

,llpyra51 rrpH1.JHHa - 3KO-

HOMH1.JeCKHe Tpy,a:HOCTH. Bo

MHorHX 6bIBIIIHX COBeTCKHX

pecrry6J1lIKax H3-3a ,a:HCKPH-

MHHallHH TaK Ha3bIBaeMoro

HeKopeHHoro HaCeJIeHH5I JIIO-

,a:H JIHlIIaIOTC5I pa60Tbl, 3apa-

60TKa. 11eHCHH cYlI(eCTBeHHo

HH)Ke, 1.JeMy Hac, )KHTb Ha HHX

HeB03MO)KHO, a 01.JeHb 1.JaCTO

3TO JIIO,a:HY)Ke HeMOJIo,a:ble, H

HeT y HHX TaM KJIaHa rrOTOM-

KOB H po,a:CTBeHHHKOB, KaK y

KopeHHblX ):KHTeJIeM. HallIH

CTapHKH TaM 6YKBaJIbHO YMH-

paIOT C rOJIo,a:y. Mbl ,a:OJI)KHbl

rrOM01.JbHM Bbl)KHTb, eCJIH OHH

XOT5IT )KI'ITb TaM, H ,a:OJI)KHbl

rrOM01.JbHM BepHYTbC5I B POC-

CHIO, HHTerpHpOBaTbC5I B POC-

CHMCKoe 06II(eCTBO, eCJIH OHH

XOT5IT BepHYTbC5I B POCCHIO.6

8

JIarep5:I 11Hrymenm... A

CKOJIbKO HY:>KHO ,Z:(eHer? J(Ba-

,Z:(uaTb Py6JIeH. B qe"lIHe ,Z:(eHer

HeT Bo06Il(e. J(a 11 113 JIarepeH

11HrymeTlIlI, r,Z:(e Y:>Ke YCTaHO-

BlIJIC5:I KaKOH-TO 6bIT, r,Z:(e eCTb

mKOJIbI, 6e)KeHueB nbITaIOTC51

nepeCeJIlITb 06paTHO B qe"lIHIO.

IIocJIe,Z:(H5151 11, KOHe"lIHO,

OqeHb Ba:>KHa51 KaTerOp1I51 MlI-

rpaHTOB - C06CTBeHHO 6e-

:>KeHUbI. 3TO BbIHY:>K,Z:(eHHbIe

MlIrpaHTbI 113 TpeTblIX CTpaH,

TO eCTb CTpaH, He BXO,Z:(lIBmlIX

B COCTaB COBeTCKoro Cor03a.

B nepBYIO Oqepe,Z:(b, KOHeqHO,

aepraHUbI. B POCCIIH :>KlIBeT

nOp51,Z:(Ka 150 TbIC51"lI aepraH-

ueB. (ECTb JIIO,Z:(11113 KOHro,

113 COMaJIlI, 113 11paHa, 11paKa,

HO lIX qlICJIeHHOCTb no cpaB-

HeHlIIO C aepraHuaMlI HWITO:>K-

HO MaJIa.) 113 HlIX np1I3HaHO

6e:>KeHuaMlI 500 (!) qeJIOBeIC

3TlI 150 TbIC51q - Te JIIO,Z:(lI,

KOTopbIe nplIeXaJIlI B CCCP,

Kor,Z:(a MbI ,Z:(PY:>KlIJIlIC Aepra-

HlICTaHOM, Kor,Z:(a MbI nplIr JIa-

maJIlI aepraHueB yqlITbC51 B

BoeHHbIX aKa,Z:(eM1I51X, Kor,Z:(a

MbI B351JIlI 2000 ,Z:(eTeH-clIpoT

11 BOCnJ1TbIBaJIlI lIX JIY"lIIlle,

qeM c06cTBeHHbIx ClIPOT, -

B 3JIlITapHbIX lIHTepHaTax.

Ha MOMeHT na,Z:(eH1I51 pe:>KlIMa

Ha,Z:(:>K1I6YJIbI 3TlI JIIO,Z:(11OKa3a-

JIlICb Ha TepplIToplIlI POCClIlI.

IIplIIlleJI K BJIaCTlI CeBepHblH

aJIb51HC, 11 JIIO,Z:(lI,KOTopbIe no'"

MOraJIlI Ha,Z:(:>K1I6YJIe, 6bIJlfl

Ka3HeHbI BMeCTe C Ha,Z:(:>KH'

6y JIOH. CTOPOHHlIKlI Ha,Z:()Iul"

6y JIbI He Mor JIll BepHYTbC51 TI<1

P0,Z:(lIHY BO BpeM51 CeBepHoro

aJIb51HCa, OHlI He Mor JIll Bep

HYTbC5:I BO BpeM51 MO,Z:(:>KaXC'

,Z:(OB11 TaJI1I60B, 11 OHlI HC MO'

rYT BCPHYTbC5:I CeHqaC, nOTO~

MY qTO OHlI 6e:>KaJIlI OT 3Toro

caMoro CCBepHoro aJIb51HCa,

BJIaCTlI rOBOp51T: 3TlI JIIO,Z:(H

3,Z:(eCb no 3KOHOMlI"lIeCKHiVl

nplIqlIHaM, OI-Ill MorYT no-

exaTb B cBoit AepraHlICTal1.

KOI-IeqHO, MorYT, HO BeJIHK,l

onacHocTb, qTO C I-IIIX :>KlIBblX

c,Z:(epYT UIKYPY. He,Z:(aBHo IIC-

CKOJIbKO aepraHueB BepHY-

JIlICb - 11 6bIJIlI y61ITbl, HX

TpyrrbI no,Z:(6pOClIJIlI Ha rpaHYI-

uy, qT06bI MbI 3HaJIlI, qTO C HHMvl

6y,Z:(eT. 0 KaKlIX 3KOHOMWIC-

CKlIX npelIMYIl(eCTBax :>K1I3HH

3,Z:(ecb MO)I{HO rOBoplITb, CCJIH

qeJIOBeK TaM Y Cc651 6bIJI reHe-

paJIOM, lIMeJI OC06H5IK, a ceHqac

:>KlIBeT C ceMbeH 113 n51TlI qeJIO-

BeK B 8-MeTpOBOH KOMHaTC?

3,Z:(eCb OH HlIIl(lIH, OH Ha pbIHKe

TaCKaeT rpY3bl, nOTOMY qTO 3TO

C,Z:(lIHCTBCHHa51pa60Ta, K KOTO-

pOH era ,Z:(onYCKaIOT. ECTb eIl(c

BaplIaHT ,Z:(JI51HeJICraJIOB: KPlI-

MlIHaJIbHa51 cepepa. TaK pa3Be

HC BbIrO,Z:(HOrocy,Z:(apCTBY, "lITO-

6bI acpraHCKlIH Bpa"ll nOJIY"lJl1JI

npaBOBOH CTaTYC 11 pa60TaJI

BpaqOM, - npWleM OH CorJIa-

ceH exaTb He B IIeTep6ypr, a

Ty,Z:(a,r,Z:(eIi)':>KHbI BpaqlI! To, qTO

npolIcxo,Z:(IIJIO B AepraHHcTaHc,

BO MHorOM eCTb CJIe,Z:(CTBlIeno-

JIIITJ1KlI COBeTcKoro COI03a:

MbI BMemaJIJ1Cb B "lry:>KlIe,Z:(eJIa,a

Tenepb JIIo,Z:(eH, KOTopble no-

mJIlI 3a HaMlI CJIe,Z:(OM,He XOTIIM

nplIHlIMaTb. 11Haqe rOBOp51,

POCCII51, nplIcoe,Z:(lIHlIBIlla5IC51 K

KOHBeHUlIlI OOH ~O CTaTyce

6e:>KeHua» 11 nplIH51Bma51 c06-

CTBeHHbIe 3aKOHbI no MlIrpaH-

TaM, He BbII10JIH51eT CBOHX 0651-

3aTeJIbCTB.

O,Z:(Ha 113 nplIqlIH B TOM,

qTO TaKoe KOJIII"lIeCTBO HeJIera-

JIOB BbIrO,Z:(HO MlIJIlIUlIlI: 'IDa:>K-

,Z:(bIHpa3, OCTaHaBJIJ1Ba51 HeJIe-

raJIbHOrO lIMMJ1rpaHTa, y Hcro

no,Z:( yrp030H ,Z:(enopTaUlIJ1 06-

paulo B cTpaHY npOlICXO:>K,Z:(C-

H1I51 BbIMoraIOT ,Z:(eHbrlI.

IIpHqy,Z:(JIlIBOCTb Hamero

3aKOHo,Z:(aTeJIbCTBa 0 MlIrpaH-

Tax nop0:>K,Z:(aeT IOPlI,Z:(WICCKlIC

Ka3YCbI. HanplIMep, C 1990 ra-

,Z:(a6e)KCHUbI 113 naKY, apM51He,

6bIJIlI 3,Z:(eCb JICraJIbHbIMlI lIM-

MlIrpaHTaMJ1: 11M ,Z:(aBaJIlI y,Z:(O-

CTOBCPCHlIC 6e)KeHua, KOTO-

poe pcry JI51PHO npo,Z:(JIeBaJIOCb.

KTO-TO J13 HlIX nplIH51JI rpa)K-

,Z:(aHcTBo POCClIJ1, [{TO-TO

HCT - no pa3HbIM nplIq1'IHaM:

HeKOTopbIe nOTOMY, qTO B Mo-

CKBe, HanplIMep, HeJIb351 rro,Z:(aTb

,Z:(OKYMeHTbI,He lIMC51 perlICTpa-

UlIlI; ,Z:(pyrlIe HaXO,Z:(lIJIlICb 3a

py6C)KOM 11 He CMor JIll no,Z:(aTb

,Z:(OKYMeHTbI, nOTOMY "lITOB KOH-

cy JIbCTBaX B351TKlI 11 KOJIOC-

CaJIbHbIe Oqepe,Z:(lI Ha rrOJIY"lIe-

HlIe rpa:>K,Z:(aHCTBa; TPCTblI npo-

CTO He XOTCJIlI. B 2000 ro,Z:(y

lIX y,Z:(ocToBepcHlIe 6e:>KeHua

06b51BJIeHO y,Z:(ocToBepeHlIeM

HCYCTaHOBJIeHHOrO 06pa3ua,

TaKlIM 06pa30M Bce 3TlI ap-

M51He-6e:>KeHUbI CTaHOB51TC51He-

JIeraJIbHbIMII lIMMlIrpaHTaMIL

B 2001 ra,Z:(y BHOClITC51 HOBbIH

3aKOHonpoeKT 0 rpa)I{,Z:(aI-ICTBe,

OCI-IOBaHI-IbIH I-Ia HlIKaK He on-

pe,Z:(eJIeHHOM nOH51TJ11I BlI,Z:(a Ha

:>KlITeJIbCTBO. MbI nO,Z:(HlIMaeM

mYM B 06Il(eCTBeHHbIX OpraI-IlI-

3aU1I51X, nlIIlleM Ha npOCKT

, 3aKOHa OTplIuaTCJIbI-IbIe peueH-

31111, 06b51CH51eM, qTO I-ICJIb351

o rrPE~OCTABAEHHHCTATYCA EEJKEHQA

B POCCHMCKOM <l>E~EPAQHH

Om peaaKt~uu. C MOMeHTaHarrHcaHAA 3Toro MaTepHafla CH-

TyaI(H~ pa~HKaflbHo H3MemwaCb K xY~llIeMY H ~e1.IeHCKHe6e-

)KeHI(bI, HaXO~H13llIHec~13flarep~x 11HryllIeTHH, rro~BeprflHcb Mac-

COBOMY BblcefleHHIO 13 l.lelIHIo, lITO rp03HT HM He rrpOCTO

CTpa~aHH~MH, a CMepTblO.

1

Jie 06ocHo8aHHblX onaceHutlcmamb )Kepmeou npeCJleaoea-HUR-no npU3HaKY paCbl, eepo-ucnOeeaal-lUR-, Zpa)Kaal-ICm8a,Ha~U01WJlbHOCmU, npUJ-wa-Jle)KHOCmU K onpeaeJleHHOUCO~UaJlbHOUzpynne UJlU nOJlU-

C. A. F al-mYLUKWW,conpeaceaameJlb KOJ;IUmema

«Fpa)KaaHCKOe coaeucmeuet>,PYK080aUmeJlb cemu «Muzpa-t~UR-u npaeot> npaeo3au~um-HOW t~eHmpa «]VIe/vwpuaJlt>

CeH~ac COI(HaflbHOC H

rrpaBOBoe rrOflO)KeHHe BbIHY)K-

~eHHbIX MHrpaHTOB 13 HallIeH

CTpaHe CTaflO HeCOH3MepHMO

XY)KCrro cpaBHeHHIO CTCM,~TO

6bIflO ~Ba ro~a Ha3a~. Tor~a

6bwa Ha~e)K~a, LITO MbI ~BH-

)KeMC~ 13 HY)KHOM HarrpaBflC-

HHH. CeH1.Iac Y MeH~ TaKoro

OlIWII(eHH~ HeT.

CorflaCHO 3aKOHY PcD~O

6e)KeHI(ax» 0'1' 19 epe13pafl~

1993 ro~a 13 pe~aKI(HH 0'1'

28 HIorm 1997 ro~a, 6e,)/w-Het~ - 3mo Jlut~O, Komopoe HeR-8JlaemCR-Zpa)KaaHUHOM PeDu Komopoe e CWIY enOJI-

13aKY, MO~ pO~HHa COBeTCKHH

COI03, BOT 3Ta 60flbllIa~ CTpa-

Ha POCCH~. 5I 3a Hee KpOBb

rrpOflHBafla, ~ Ha Hee pa6OTafla,

~fl~ MeH~ 3'1'0 KpYllIeHHe BceH

)KH3HH, ~ He XO~y 133TY AMe-

PHKY, ~ X01.IY )KHTb 13 CBOe}I

CTpaHe, ~ XOl.lY 13CBoeH 3eMfle

YMepeTb». A ee flHllIalOT rreH-

CHH, a 13ceMbC TpH HHBaflH~a:

OHa, MY)K H CbIH, HHBaflH~ rrcp-

BOIl rpyrrrrbI C ~cTcTBa. IIeH-

CH~ - 3'1'0 BCC, Ha ~TO OHH

)KHBYT. BOT H rrOflY'-IaeTC~,LITO

flY~llIec, ~TO MbI MO:>KCMC~C-

flaTb ~fl~ HHX, - 3'1'0 OTrrpa-

BHTb HX H3 CrpaHbI.

130». 3Ha~HT, C rreHCHll CHHMa"

10'1'Y)Ke cerO~H~, a ~TO TaKOC

BH~ Ha )KHTeflbCTBO, rro KaKHM

KpHTepH~M OH6y~eT ~aBaTbC51,

KaKHe OH 6y~eT ~aBaTb rrpaBa,

KaKOBbI CPOKH paCCMOTpeHyl51

3a~BfleHH}I 0 rrpe~OCTaBflcml J.1

BH~a Ha )KHTeflbCTBO - HCy]:l~

BCCTHO.IIpe~CTaBbTe cc6c 80fleTHero ~CflOBeKa, KOTOPOMY

MllrpaI(HOHHa~ cflY:>K6a «6JI<1

ropO~HO» rrpO~fleBaeT npallO

Ha rrOflY1.IeHHerreHCllH Ka:>K~b(('

TpH MeC~I(a, BC~KHH pa3 BPY

~a~ oepHI(HaflbHYIO 6YMary ('

rrpe~yrrpe)K~eHHeM, LITO, eCJl11

BH~ Ha )KHTeflbCTBO HC 6Y~CT

rrpc~b~BfleH, rreHCHH ero Jl~I'

llIaT!

o cHTyaI(HH C 6aKHHcK~1

MH apM~HaMH, 13 o~Ho1.IaCb(·

CTaBllIHMH HefleraflaMH, Y3IW'

flH 13 CIlIA. nfl~ 6aKHHCKI1X

apM~H, He HMeIOII(HX CTaTyca J.1

)KHBYII(HX 13 MOCKOBCKOMpc

rHOHe, OTKPbIflH rrporpaMMY

rro rrepecefleHHIO 13 AMepHKY,

MHorHe H3 HHX pa~bI. Ho BOT

KO MHe rrpHXO~HT )KeHlInma,

KOTOPOH85 fleT, y Hee y ~OCTO

Bepemle y~acTHHKa BeJIHKoll

OTe~ecTBeHHoH BOHHbI, 01111

CH~HTP~~OM co MHOH, ~ rrOMO

raIO eH 3arrOflHHTb alIKeTY II

AMepHKY. OHa rrfla~eT: «Bill

LITO,He rrOHHMaeTe,3'1'0MO~ po '

~HHa, - He A3ep6aH~)KaH, Il('

CTPOHTb HOBOe 3aKOHO~aTeflb-

CTBO HeH3BeCTHOHa ~eM (H 13

3TOM COBrra~aeM C OT3bIBOM

rrpaBOBOrO yrrpaBfleHH~ focy-

~apCTBeI-IHOH~YMbI, r~e HarrH-

CaHO, ~TO 3aKOH OCHOBbIBaeTC~

Ha rrOH~THH BH~a Ha )KHTeflb-

CTBO,a 3'1'0HHCTHTYT,KOToporo

POCCHHClwe rrpaBO He 3Ha-

eT, - rrpaB~a, rr01IeMY-TOrrpa-

BOBoe yrrpaBfleI-Ule rrpe~flaraeT

3'1'0'1'3aKOH rrpHH~Tb). 3aKOH

rrpHHHMaIOT. TYT )Ke MeI-meTC~

rreHCHOHHoe 3aKOHo~aTeflbCT-

130. 11 BOT 6e)KeHeI( H3 13aKY,

12 fleT )KHBYII(HH13POCCHH,Ha

CBO}I Borrpoc, rr01IeMY ero ceH-

1.IaCCHHMaIOTC rreHCHH, rrOflY-

~aeT OTBeT: <-,CorflaCHO BBe-

~eHHOMY 13~eHCTBHeC 1 ~HBa-

p~ HOBOMY rreHcHoHHOMY 3a-

KOHo~aTeflbcTBY HHocTpaHHble

rpa)K~aHe H flHI(a 6e3 rpa)K-

~aHCTBa HMeIOTrrpaBo Ha rreH-

CHIO HapaBI-Ie C rpa)K~aHaMH

TOJlbKOrrpH YCflOBl'IH rrOCTO~H-

Horo rrp0)KlmaHH~, TOeCTbrrpH

HaflH~HH BH~a Ha )KHTeflbCT-

mU'LleCKUX y6e)K8eHUU HaXO-

8umc.Jl 61le CmpaHbt C60eU zpa-

)K8aJ-lCKott npuHa8Jle)K1-LOCmU

U He MO)Kem nOJlb306ambC.Jl

3aU?UmOU amou cmpaHbl UJlU

He )/{eJlaem nOJlb306ambC.Jl ma-

Kott 3aU?UmOLt6CJle8cm6ue ma-

KUX onacellUU; UJlU, He UMe.Jl

onpe8CJleWLOZO Zpa)K8aHCm6a

U Hax08.JlCb 61-1ecmpaJ-lbl C60-

ezo npe)KHeZO 06bl1LHOZO Me-

cmO)KWneJlbCm6a 6 pe3YJlbma-

me n0806HblX c06blmuu, He

j'vLO)KCmUJlU lie )1<:eJlaem 6CP-

HymbC.Jl 6 Hce 6cJle8cm6UC ma-

KUX OnaCeHLtLt.

3TO orrpe~efleHMe B rrOfl-

HOH Mepe COOTBeTCTByeTorrpe-

~eJleHMIO 6e:>KeHl:(aB KotIBeH-

UMM OOH «0 cTaTyce 6e:>KeH-

ueB» 1951 ro~a, paTMqmUMpo-

BatIHOH P<l> B 1992 ro~y, o~-

HaKO rrOflO:>KeHMeC rrpe~ocraB-

JlemleM cTaTyca 6e:>KeHua rro

P<l> B ueflOM M B CaHKT-

ITeTep6ypre B qaCTHOCTMHeflb-

3H CqMTaTb y~OBfleTBopMTeflb-

HbIM. POCCMH, paTMcjYHUMpOBaB

KotIBeHUIUo OOH «0 cTaTyce

6e)KeHueB:» H EBporreHcKYIO

KOHBeHumo «0 3aruHTe rrpaB

qeflOBeKa M OCHOBHbIX CBO-

60~:» H rrpMHHB Ha ce6H rrpM

3TOM orrpe~efleHHble 06H3a-

TeflbCTBa rro c06flIO~eHMIO

rrpaB LleflOBeKa, B ~omKHoH CTe-

rreHU HX He BbIITOflHHeT. EOflee

Toro, P<l> Ha cerO~HHIlIHHVI

~eHb HBflHeTCH CTpaHOH, rropo-

:>K~aIOrueH 6e:>KeHueB - 3TO

rrpe:>K~e Bcero BbIXO~UbI H:l

LIeLlmI, KOTopble MruYT y6e:>KHo

rua B ~pyrMx eBporreMCKHX

CTpaHax.

C 1993 ro~a, TO eCTb C MO

MetITa rrpHHHTMH epe~epaflbHO

1'0 3aKOHa P<l> «0 6e)KeHuax»,

C03~aHMH MHrpaUHOHHoro op-

raHa M Haqafla npe~OCTaBfle'

HUH cTaTyca 6e:>KeHuaB P<l>, lW2002 ro~a 6e:>KeHuaMH 6bIJTO

npu3HaHo Bcero flHlllb OKOJIO

700 rpa:>K~aH H3 TpeTbYIX

cTpaH: He60flbilloe KOflWleCTBO

rpa:>K~aH I1paKa, PyaH~bI VI

~pyrHx cTpaH, OCTaflbHble atp-

raHUbI. )Jjrn TaKoH cTpaHbI, KaK

POCCMH, 3TO HMqTO>KHOMaflO.

ITo CaHKT- ITeTep6ypry CI1-

TyaUM5I Bblr flH~HT cfle~YIOruMM

06pa30M: 3a 9 fleT cyrueCTBO-

BaHHH MHrpaUHOHHoro opraHa,

C 1993 rro 2002 ro~, 6bIJTO

rrpH3HaHo 6e)KeHuaMII B 06ruell

CflO>KHOCTII He 60flee 110 qe-

flOBeK II3 TpeTbMx CTpaH. Oc-

HOBHbIM penIOHOM IIcxo~a HB-

fl5IeTC5I AepraHIIcTaH, OCTaflI,-

Hble - BbIXO~UbI M3 I1paHa,

PyaH~bI, Cy~aHa, YraH~bI 1'1

Afl:>KMpa. ITo JIeHIIHrpa~cKoti

06flacTM rrpII3HaHo 6e)KeHuaMH

Bcero flHlllb 10 LleflOBeK, Bce

OHM rpa)K~aHe AepraHMCTaHa.

ITOqTII rrOflOBHHa 6e)KeHl:(eB

rroflyqMfla 3TOT CTaTYCTOJIbKO

B nOCJIe~HHe ro~bI. Ha~o 3a-

MeTl1Tb, 'ITO, no ~aHHbIM

YnpaBfleHHH BepxoBHoro KO-

MMccapa OOH no ~eflaM 6e-

:>KeHIleB, TOflbKO rpa:>K~aH Aep-

raHIICTaHa Ha TeppMTopHII P<l>

HaXO~MTCH OKOJIO 1 SO TbICHq

(B CatIKT- ITeTep6ypre OKOflO

3 TbICHLI). nflH cpaBHemrn: no

~aHHbIM YBKE OOH, B3HTbIM

II3 rrpaBIITeflbcTBeHHblx MCTOLI-

HMKOB U orry6flMKoBaHHbIM B

MCCfle~OBammx UeHTpa J:(OKY-

MeHTal:(MM M MHepopMaIluM

OKeHeBa, 1999), CTpaHbI EBpO-

rrbI B TeqeHMe 1990 -1997 ro-

~OB rrpe~ocTaBHflII cTaTYc 6e-

:>KeHuanpMMepHo 17 TblCHLlaM

aepraHuaM, IIruyruUM y6e:>KIIrua

(113HUX fepMamm - 8700 qe-

flOBeKaM, HII~epflaH~bI-

5700 LlefloBeKaM).

no 1998 ro~a rrOqTU Bce

flUl:(a, Mruyruue B POCCMUy6e-

)KMrua, B TOMqIICfle M II3 Aepra-

HUCTaHa, rrOflYLlaflII OTKa3 B

rrpe~OCTaBfleHMII cTaTyca -

3TOrrpu TOM, 'ITO P<l>, KaK rrpa-

BonpeeMHMK CCCP, HaXO~IIT-

CH B HeorrflaTHOM ~oflry rrepe~

TbICHLlaMMaepraHueB, KOTopble,

6Y~YLIU BocrrIITaHbI B KOMMY-

HIICTMqeCKOM~yxe, BCTaflII Ha

HalllY CTOPOHYM BoeBaflM BMe-

CTe C COBeTCKIIMM Tor~a erue

COfl~aTaMII rrpOTUB cyrueCTBO-

BaBIuero B AepraHMCTaHe pe-

:>KUMa, B pe3Y JlbTaTe qero l:(e-

flble COUUaJIbHble rpyrrnbI TaM

3aOqHO rrpurOBopeHbI K CMepTII

II MO~)KaXe~aMH, H Taflu6aMII.

Cero~trn II3-3a HeCTa6IIflb-

HOCTM COIlIIaflbHO-3KOHOi\fWle-

CKot:'r 06CTaHOBKH B AepraHM-

CTaHe rrpIIHY ~IITeflbHOe B03-

Bparuemle B 3TY CTpaHY C03~a-

eT peaflbHYIO yrp03Y )KM3HII H

3~OPOBbIO .T[IO~elI.

O~lIaKO l\1UrpaIllIOHHbIH

opraH B CaHKT- ITeTep6ypre

CLIl1TaeT (3TO TOLIKa 3peHlIH

MlIrpaUUOHHbIX CflY)K6 TaK:>Ke

POCCl'Il1 B IleflOM), LITOBce flM-

Ua, IIruyrulIe y6e)KIIrua, - 3TO

«,,3KOHOMlILleCKHe MIIrpaIlTbI" ,

POCCl'rn ~flH HIIX npIIBfleKa-

TeflbHaH CTpaHa, C03~aIOIl:(aH

HeOrpaHlIqeHHble B03MO:>KHO-

CTlI KOMMepUIIII, YKflOHeHlIH OT

yrrflaTbI lIaflorOB, cB060~Horo

rrepe~BlI:>KeHlIH B cTpaHbI EB-

porrbI:» (3TO UIITaTa II3 3aKflIO-

l.J:eHIIH,rrpe~CTaBJleHHOro B <l>e-

~epaflbHbIH cy ~ CaHKT- ITeTep-

6ypra B 06bHCHeHHe OTKa3a B

npe~OCTaBfletIYII1 cTaTyca 6e-

)KeHIla rpa:>K~amUlY AepraHlI-

CTalIa).

B POCClIHCKOM 3aKOHo~a-

TeflbCTBe CO~ep:>KHTCHTaK)Ke

HopMa, KOTopa51 perYflIIpyeT

OTKa3 B paCCMOTpeHlIII xo~a-

1. A. Tep-Kapane~nlH, C. A. iaHHYWK\.1Ha, O. n. OC\.1nOBa-l..\e~m\.1HaHa CeM\.1Hape

HOHKOHBeHUIIII. 3TO H nOH~T-

HO, TaK KaK npe~OCTaBfleHHe

cTaTyca 6e)J{eHua - He Harpa-

~a fll-IUY 3a cBoeBpeMeHHoe 06-

paliIeIIHe 3a ero nOflyqeHHeM, a

3HaK YBa)KeHII~ no~nIIcaB-

IIJIIM KmIBeHUHIO rocy~apcT-

BOM (KaKHM ~Bfl~eTC~ POCCHt'1-

CKa~ <De~epaUlm) K TaKIIM

ueHHOCT~M, KaK qeflOBeL1eCKa~

)KlI3Hb H ~OCTOHHCTBO,H npH-

3HatIHe HX no OTHOIIJeHHIOKO

BceM fllo~m.l, BHe 3aBIICHMOCTII

OTpaCbI, PCfll'lflU1, rpa)K~aHCT-

Ba, npHHa~fle)KHOCTII K TOHHflH

IIHOH COUIIaflbHOH rpynne HflH

nOflIITHLleC1G-IX y6e)K~etIHt'I.

PaBHO II OTKa3 B npe~OCTaBfle-

HHII cTaTyca 6e)KeHua He MO-

)J{eT ~Bfl~TbC~ fIaKa3aHIIeM 3a

on03~amle. CTaTb~ 31 Km1-

BeHUIIII YKa3bIBaeT, qTO rocy-

~apcTBa He 6Y~YT HaJlaraTb

HIIKaKHX B3b1CKaHIIH 3a He3a-

KOHHbIH Bbe3~ IIflli He3aKOH-

Hoe npe6bIBaHIIe Ha IIX TeppH-

TOpIIII 6e)J{eHueB, B KaqeCTBe

no~06Horo B3bICKaHH~ He MO-

)J{eTBbIcTynaTb flIIIIJeHHe flHua

caMoH B03MO)J{HOCTII 06pa-

TIITbC~ C npocb60H 0 npH3Ha-

HIIII 6e)J{eHueM. I1Hoe 03HaLIa-

eT oTCTynfletIHe rocy~apcTBa

OT npIIH~TbIX Ha ce6~ 06~3a-

TeflbCTB.

PaCCMaTpIIB~ )J{afl06b1MII-

rpaHToB Ha ~eHcTBII~ MIIrpa-

xaMMa~ I16parIIM,' I16parIIM

Xa6lI6Yflfla, MoxaMM~ KaceM,

PaxMaTY Jwa CbIHXacax XaHa.

IIOCfle~HIIH 3~BIITeflb, rpa)K-

~aHIIH AcPraHIiCTaHa, ~Bfl~eTC~

ITOflKOBHHKOM, 0cPIIuepOM

MB)l, KaBaflepOM op~eHOB 3a

oTBary H MY)J{eCTBO,YLlaCTHII-

KOM 60eBbix ~eHCTBl'1HnpOTYIB

MO~)KaXe~OB II TaflII60B, TO

eCTb IIMeeT Bce OCHOBamm

6b1Tb ITpII3HaHHb1M6e)KeHueM,

HO OH on03~afl C 06paliIetIHeM

C xo~aTaHCTBOMHa 10 ~HeH, a

n09ToMY ero ~eflO no cyrueCT-

BY Bo06rue HIIKeM He paCCMaT-

pIIBaflOCb. IIOCfle~CTBIIejVI OT-

Ka3a B paCCMOTpeHIIII xo~a-

TaHCTBa 0 npe~OCTaBfleHIIlI

cTaTyca 6e)KeHua ITOCYliIeC'fBY

~Bfl~eTC~ He06xo~HMOCTb ~fl~

IIliIyruero y6e)J{Hrua nOKIIHYTb

TeppIITopliIO P<D B ~06po-

BOflbHOM IIflII npIIHY ~IITeflb-

HOMnop~~Ke.

B KOHBeHUIIII ,,0 cTaTyce

6e)J{eHueB>,>IIMeeTC~ HCLlepnbl-

BaIOll(HH nepeqeHb 06CTO~-

TeflbCTB, npII KOTOPbIXflIIUO He

MO)KeT6blTb npII3HaHO 6e)J{eH-

ueM. YKa3aHHbIt'1 nepeLIeHb He

co~ep)J{IIT TaKoro OCHOBaHII~,

KaK nponYCK cpOKa ~fl~ 06pa-

liIeHII~ C cooTBeTcTBYIOliIeH

npocb60H K ~oroBapIIBaIOruIIM-

C~ rocy~apcTBaM, npIIH~BIIJlIM

Ha ce6~ 06~3aTeflbC'rBa ITO~aH-

Horo cpOKa (CT. 4 n. 1nn. 3) B Cflyq~X, Kor~a HMe-

IOTC~ He 3aBHC~Il(He OT fllIua

06CTO~TeflbCTBa,npermTCTBYIO-

ruHe ero He3aMe~flHTeflbHOMY

06pau.:(eHHIOC xo~aTaHCTBOM0

npe~OCTaBfleHIIH CTaTyca 6e-

)J{eHua, MlirpaUI-IOHHbIe opraHbI

He BbmCHmOT 9TH 06CTO~Teflb-

CTBa Ha~fle)KaIUHM 06pa30M.

3a5IBIITeJ1~ BO BHHMaHIIe He

npIIHHMaIOTC~. TaK, OTKa3 B

paCCMOTpeHIIII xo~aTat'1CTBano

CyrueCTBY ITOJxyqlIflli OTMHrpa-

UIIOIIHOH cflY)K6b1 CaHKT- IIe-

Tep6ypra Cfle~YIoruHe rpa}J{-

~aHe AcPraHIICTaHa: MoxaM-

Ma~ BaflH CblH AXMa~ )l)J{aHa,

Myca XaH CbIH AH~apa, Mo-

TaHCTBa 0 npe~OCTaBfleHHH

cTaTyca 6e)KeHua no cyrueCTBY

(TO eCTb B ~onYCKe K caMoH

npoue~ype onpe~efleHH~ CTa-

Tyca 6e)KeHua) B CBmH C npo-

nycKoM 24-qaCOBOro cpoKa 06-

parueHH~ C xo~aTaHCTBOM

(CT. 5 n. 1 nn. 7 <D3 P<D ,,06e)KeHl(ax>,». XOT~ 3aKOH H

npe~nOflaraeT ITpO~fleHY1e ~aH-

He3HaHHe ~3b1Ka, POCCIIt'1CKIiX

3aKOHOB, CTPYKTypbl opraHOB

BflaCTII, OTCYTCTBlieIIHcPopMa-

UlilI 0 cpOKax 06parueHH~ II

npoue~ype ITpe~OCTaBfleHlI~

cTaTyca B nYHKTax nepeceL1e-

HII~ rpaHlIUb1, y~afleHHOCTb

MlirpaUIIOHHb1X cflY)J{6 B npe-

~eflax P<D H ~a)Ke 60fle3Hb1

i-9-A,#rt,M'ftn" ''::11' 7

[(110HHbIX opraHOB, CY,l(bI rrpl1-

3HaIOT OTKa3bI B rrpe,l(OCTaB.lIe-

HI1I1 cTaTyca 6e)KeH[(a He060c-

HOBaHHbIMI1. B HeKOTopbIX

CJIYlla51XCY,l(bIrrpl13HaIOT OTKa-

3bI B rrpe,l(OCTaB.lIeHI1I1cTaTyca

6e)KeH[(a HerrpaBOMepHbIMI1,

eCJIlI Ml1rpa[(110HHa51 c.lIY)K6a

I-IapYUIJ1.lIarrpo[(e,l(YPY orrpe,l(e-

.lIeHII51 CTclTyca 6e)KeH[(a:

Harrpl1Mep, rrpH c06ece,l(OBaHI1H

H.lIH aHKeTHpOBaI-IHH OTCYT-

CTBOBa.lI rrepeBO,l('-IHK. TaK,

B CaHKT- IIeTep6ypre 6bI.lIH

Y,l(OB.lIeTBOpeHbI)Ka.lI06bI rpa)K-

,l(aH A¢raHHCTaHa IIIaKlT.lIbI

MOXaMMa,l( OMapa 11 EaXbIT

I'YJI5I CbIHa Ma.lIlTXaHa. O,l(Ha-

KO rOBOplTTb 0 rrO.lIO)KlTTe.lIb-

HbIX TeH,l(eH[(lT51XB 06.lIaCTlT

rrpe,l(OCTaB.lIeH1151cTaTyca 6e-

)KeH[(a rrOCpe,l(CTBOMCY,l(e6HO-

I'0 06)Ka.lIOBaH1151OTKa30B He-

B03MO)KHO.

ElI{e O,l(Ha HeraTlTBHa51

TeH,l(ea[(M51Ha6JIIo,l(aeTC51B OT-

HOllleHl111 K BbIXO,l([(aM 113

cTpaH CHI' 11 EaJITHH, He

HMeIOI[(HM rpa)K,l(aHCTBa PeD.

1l0CTaTOllHO 06paTHTbC51 K

[(M¢paM, llT06bI YBlT,l(eTb, LITO

;cnOM KaTeropHH .lIH[( ¢aKTMlle-

CKH rrpeKpaI[(eHO rrpe,l(OCTaB-

.lIeHMe cTaTyca 6e)KeH[(a. TaK,

B 1997 ro,l(Y B PeD cTaTYc 6e-

)KeH[(a rrO.lIYllHJIH 6255 rpa)K-

,l(aH 6.lIH)KHerO 3apy6e)Kb51, B

1998 - 375, a B 1999100 '-Ie.lIOBeK. B CaHKT- II,>

Tep6ypre C 1993 rO,l(a rro TPC

TI1M KBapTa.lI 2001 ro,l(a CTau

TYC rrO.lIYlJ:M.lIH 158 lle.lIOBCI(

(84 CeMblT) H3 6bIBllll1X pce'

rry6.lII1K CCCP; Ha Tpendi

KBapTa.lI 2002 rO,l(a Ha y'-IeTc

B MMrpa[(HOHHOM opraHe co"

CTOHTBcero 32 '-IeJIOBeKa.

IIpaBO He 6bITb rrO,l(Bepr-

HYTbIM 3a,l(ep)KaHHIO H 3aKJIIO

'-IeHHIOrro,l( CTpa)KY 6e3 3aK01l

HbIX Ha TO OCHOBaHHM51B.lI51eT"

C51 ¢YH,l(aMeHTa.lIbHbIM rrpa--

BOM '-Ie.lIOBeKa. Me)KJ{Y TeM II

CaHKT- IIeTep6ypre CYI[(eCTBY'

eT HeMa.lIO C.lIY'-IaeB 3a,l(ep)Ka-

HH51H ,l(JIHTe.lIbHOrOCO,l(ep)Ka~

HH51rro,l( CTpa)KeM .lI11[(, HI[(Y-

lIrHX y6e)[<HI[(a, H 6e)KeHI{eB.

TaK, 3MHH6eM.lIH frOH,l(Y3 rro-

KHHY.lI A3ep6aM,l()KaH, onaca-

51Cb rrpeC.lIe,l(OBaHH51H I1Me51

060CHOBaHHbIMPlTCK, '-ITOrrpH-

3HaHO Me)K,l(YHapOIJ,HbIMHop-

raHH3a[(H51MH H YBKE OOH,

Ha OCHOBaHHH LIero rocY,l(ap-

CTBO IIIBe[(M51 rro Me)KrrpaBl1-

Te.lI~CTBeHHOMY cor .lIallleHlTIO

rrpHI-I5I.lIO ero B Ka'-IeCTBe 6c-)KeH[(a 11 BbI,l(a.lIO Bbe3,l(HYIO

BlT3Y B CTpaHY. II pH rrO.lIY'-Ie-

HHlT BbIe3,l(HbIX ,l(OKYMeHTOBIl

Y rrpaB.lIeHHH rracrropTHO- BH-

30BOl1 C.lIY)K6bI CaHKT- IIeTep-

6ypra OH 6bI.lI 3a,l(ep)KaH 11rro-

MeI[(eH B II30.lI51TOP BpeMeH-

Horo CO,l(ep)KaHlT513a,l(ep)KaH-

HbIX H 3aKJIIO'-IeHHbIX rro,l(

CTpa)KY (TIOPbMY), CPOK rrpe-

6bIBaHlT51B KOTOPOMHe Mo)KeT

rrpeBbIIllaTb 48 LIaCOB.51, a,l(-

BOKaT, 3aI[(HI[(aIOI[(HM ::lTOrO

6e)[(eH[(a, 60.lIee 5 ,l(Hel1Bo06-

lIre He Mor .lIa Y3HaTb 0 erOMe-

CTOHaXo)KJ{eHlTlTIT B TelleHlTe

20 ,l(HeM He MOrJla 03HaKO-

nplileM 6e)f{eHl..\eB B KOMlilTeTe

«rpa}l(,lJ,aHCKOe CO,[leViCTBlIle»

MHTbC51C ,l(OKYMeHTaMlT, Ka-

caIOI[(MMlTC51 OCHOBaHMM ero

3a,l(ep)KaHM51:MHe B ::nOM He-

rrpaBOMepHO OTKa3bIBaJII1. Ha

MOM MHorO'-IHC.lIeHHble )[(aJ1O-

6bI B CY,l(e6Hble opraHbI IT B

rrpoKypaTYPY rop0,l(a 51He rro-

.lIYlla.lIa OTBeTa B CP0K. IIoc.lIe

O'-Iepe,l(l-IbIX)[(a.lI06 M 06paI[(e-

ImM, B TOMllMC.lIe '-Iepe3 ,l(erry-

TaTOBI'OCY,l(apCTBeaaOM,l(YMbI

IT YBKE OOH, 6e)[(erre[( lT3

A3ep6aM,l()[{aHa 6bIJI OCB060)K-

,l(err rrOCTaHOB.lIeHlTeM I'eHe-

pa.lIbHOH rrpoKypaTypbI PeD.

OH CO,l(ep)[(a.lIC51rro,l( CTpa)[(eM

36 ,l(HeM, 6e3 BC51KMXHa TO 3a-

KOHHbIX OCHOBaHMM,6e3 caHK-

[(MM rrpoKypopa rop0,l(a M.lIM

,l(a)Ke palIOHa, 6e3 COOTBeTCT-

BYIOI[(erO cY,l(e6Horo perne-

HlT51; B OTHorneHHlT Hero He

npOBO,l(H.lIHCb KaKHe-.lIlT60

CJIe,l(CTBeHHble ,l(eMCTBM51,OH

He 3rra.lI, rra OCHOBarrMMLIero H

Ha KaKOH CPOK OH Bo06I[(e

B351T no,l( CTpa)KY. Bce ::lTO

BpeM51 rrpaBOOXpaHlTTe.lIbHbI-

MM opraHaMM paCCMaTpHBaJI-

C51 Borrpoc 0 ero BbI,l(alle B

A3ep6alI,l()KaH, Tor,zra KaK ero

BbI,l(a'-Ia 51BM.lIaCb6bI HapYllle-

HMeM CT. 60 MMHCKOM KOH-

BeH[(IIII CTpaH CHI' ~O rrpa-

BOBOM rrOMOI[(II M rrpaBoBbIx

OTHOrneHII51X rro rpa)[(,l(aH-

CKMM,ceMeHHbIM MyrO.lIOBHbIM

,l(e.lIaM~, a TaK)Ke CT. 33 (1)KOHBeH[(MII OOH «0 cTaTyce

6e)[(eH[(CB» II CT. 3 EBponeM-

CKOM KOI-IBeH[(IIM «0 3aI[(MTe

rrpaB '-Ie.lIOBeKa II OCHOBHbIX

cB060,l(~.

llpyrofI C.lIYllaM ,l(.lIMTe.lIb-

Horo HerrpaBoMepHoro cO,l(ep-

)[(aHM51 rro,l( CTpa)KeM 6e)KeH-

[(a - ::lTO 60.lIee '-IeM rro.lIY-

ToparO,l(MLIHOe 3aKJIIOlleHHe

MaH,l(aTHOro 6e)[(eH[(a, TaK)[(e

rrpII3HaHHoro OOH, rpa)[(J{a- 7

IU1Ha AHrOJIbI CHMOHa MaTo-

ca. OH 6bIJI rrOMeIIJ;eH rro)J,

CTpmKY )J,JI5Iero )J,erropTaL(HH

Ha P0)J,HHY B COOTBeTCTBHHco

CT. 31 3aKoHa ~O rrpaBOBOM

rrOJIO)KeHHH HHocTpmulbIx

rpa)K)J,aH B CCCP:i> OT 24 HIO-

H5I 1981 ro)J,a, KOTopbIfr 6e3Ha-

)J,e}KHOYCTapeJI H He OTBeqaeT

COBpeMeHIlbIM peaJIH5IM, HO

rrpOl~OJ1)KaeT )J,efICTBOBaTb B

P<D. COrJIaCHO )J,aHHOMY 3a-

KOHY, HHOCTpaHHbIH rpa)K)J,a-

HHH, KOTOPbIM HapywaeT )J,ei1r-

CTBYIOW)Ie rrpaBHJIa rrpe6bfBa-

HH5I B P<D, TO eCTb rrpO)KlmaeT

6e3 perHCTpaL(IUI HJIH BH)J,aHa

}KHTeJIbCTBOB P<D, BbI)J,BOP5I-

eTC5I B rrpHHY)J,HTeJIbHOM rro-

p5I)J,KeC ee TeppHTopHH. fpa-

)K)J,aHHH, YKJIOH5IIOIIJ;HHC5IOT

BbIe3)J,a, rrO)J,JIe)KHT 3a)J,ep}Ka-

HHIO. 3a)J,ep>KaHHe )J,orrYCKa-

eTC5IrrpH 3TOM Ha CPOK, He06-

XO)J,HMbIH )J,JI5I BbI)J,BopeHH5I.

KaKOH 3TOCPOK, ero MHHHMYM,

MaKCHMYM, npH KaKHX 06CT05I-

TeJIbCTBaX OH MO>KeT 6bITb

np0)J,JIeH HJIH COKpaIIJ;eH, B 3a-

KOHe He orrpe)J,eJIeHO. CPOK

rrpOlI3BOJIbHO npo)J,JIeBaeTC5I,

Ka>K)J,oenp0)J,JIeHlIe OCYIIJ;eCTB-

JI5IeTC5I CY)J,OMHa 90 CYTOK.

IIPII 3TOM rpa>K)J,aHIIH B CY)J,

He )J,OCTaBJI5IeTC5I,OH He HMeeT

B03MO)KHOCTH rrOJIb30BaTbC5I

YCJIyraMH a)J,BOKaTa, rrepeBO)J,-

"lfIIKa, npe)J,CTaBJI5ITb )J,OKa3Cl

TeJIbCTBa, OH Bo06IIJ;e He 3Hacr

o KaKOM-JIH60 npo)J,JIeHHH

CpOI{a ero cO)J,ep>KaHlI5I, Tal{

KaK HH O)J,HH)J,OKYMeHT,KOTO'"

pbIH eMY rrpe)J,CTaBJI5IeTC5I,If('

rrepeBO)J,HTC5I Ha ero pO)J,Hoii

5I3bIK.

OpraHbl, oCYIIJ;ecTBJI5IIO-

IIJ;He)J,enopTa1uno, rrplIMeH5IJI ~I

CJIe)J,YIollUle MOTHBHPOBKH

rrpOt(JIeIlIUI CpOKOB 3a)J,ep)Ka-

HH5I: <iIIpo)J,JIHTb CPOK HCl

90 CYTOK )J,JUI peWeHH5I BO-

rrpoca 0 rrpH06peTeHHH aBHa-

6HJIeTOB:i>,1.Iepe3 90 )J,HeH: «BHaCT05Ill(ee BpeM5I BbIe3)J, B

cTpmIY HeB03MO>KeHB CB5I3HC

Ha1.IaBWI1MI1C5I TaM 60eBbIMI1

)J,eHCTBH5IMH(OTCYTCTByeT CO-

06IIJ;eHHe C BHeWHHM MlIpOM),

TaK}Ke peWaeTC5I Bonpoc 0 )J,O-

KYMeHTHpOBaHHII rpa>K)J,aHH-

Ha nOCOJIbCTBOM CTpaHbI ero

rpa>K)J,aHCKOfI rrpHHa)J,JIe)KHO-

CTH:i>. 1{epe3 90 )J,HeH nOCJIe

06paIIJ;eHH5I )J,aI-lHOrOrpa>K)J,a-

HHHa 3a CTaTYCOM 6e>KeHL(a B

MHrpaUHOHHblfI opraH B rro-

CTaHOBJIeHHI1 cY)J,a 0 rrp0)J,JIe-

HHH cpOKa 3a)J,ep}KaHH5I 6bIJIa

CJIe)J,YIOIIJ;a5IepOpMYJIlIpOBKa:

~B CB5I3H C He06xo)J,HMOCTbIO

rrpHH5ITH5I peWeHH5I MIIrpaUII-

OHHOH CJIY>K60H II oepopMJIe-

HIIeM nOCOJIbCTBOM CTpaHbI

)J,OKYMeHTOB )J,JI5I B03BpaIIJ;e-

HII5I Ha P0)J,IIHY:i>. Eur;e "lfepe3

90 )J,HeH - TaKa5I epOPMYJIH-

pOBKa: <ifpa>K)J,aHIIH 06paTIIJI-

C5I B CY)J, )J,JI5I06)KaJIOBaHH5I

OTKa3a B cTaTyce 6e>KeHua,

Oqepe)J,Hoe npo)J,JIeHHe cpOKa

3a)J,ep)KaHH5I MO>KeT rroTpe60-

BaTbC5I )J,JI5IpaCCMOTpeHH5I BO-

npoca 0 cTaTyce 6e)KeHua CY-

t(OM:i> , II T.)J,. He BbI3bfBaeT co-

MHeHII5I, LITOTaKHe 060CHoBa-

HH5I npo)J,JIeHII5I CpOKOB 3a-

)J,ep)KaHII5I He3aKOHHbI, LITO II

6bIJIO HaMII )J,OKa3aHOB cY)J,e.

LI:aHI-IbIH rpa)K)J,aHHH 6bIJI OC-

B060>K)J,eH H3-rro)J, CTpa>KII II

OTrrpaBJIeH B eBponeHCKYIO

CTpaIIY, KOTOpa5I rrpHH5IJIa ero

B Ka1.IeCTBe6e>KeHua. B POC-

CHH >Ke OH 5IBJI5IJIC5I 3JIOCTHbIM

HapYIIIHTeJIeM rrpaBHJI rrpe6bI-

BaHH5I HHOCTpaHHbIX rpa)K)J,aH

H 6bIJI 6bI rrO)J,BeprHYTHaCHJIb-

CTBeHHOMY BbI)J,BopeHHIO B

AHrOJIY rrOCJIe )J,JIHTeJIbHOrO

CO)J,ep)KaHH5Irro)J, CTpa)KeH.

BCTyrrHBIIIHlI B )J,eHcTBHe

1 H05I6p5I 2002 rO)J,a 3aKoH

P<D <i0 rrpaBoBoM rrOJIO>Ke-

HHH HHocTpaHHbIx rpa)K)J,aH B

P<D:i>eIIJ;e60JIee ycyry6HJI CH-

TyaUHIO. 3aKOH He TOJIbKO He

pelliaeT 3a)J,a1.I rrpeCeqeHH5I

HeJIeraJIbHOM MHrpaL(HH H C03-

)J,aHH5I MexaHH3Ma JIeraJIH3a-

UHH JIHU, HMeIOIIJ;HXrrpaBO Ha

rrpO>KHBaHHeB P<D, HO, IIarrpo-

THB, )J,eJIaeT HeJIeraJIaMH Tex,

KTO Y>Ke MHorHe rO)J,bI rrpO>KII-

BaJI B P<D Ha 3aKOHHbIX OCHO-

BaHH5IX, - npH IIOJIHOM OT-

CYTCTBHH rrpaBOBbIX MexaHH3-

MOB at(MHHHCTpaTHBHoro BbI-

)J,BopeHH5I He3aKOHHO HaXO)J,5I-

IIJ;HXC5I Ha Tepp:YITOpHH P<D

:YIHOCTpaHHbIX rpa)K)J,aH. LI:JI5I

a)J,MHIIHCTpaTHBHoro BbIJ~BO-

peHH5I 3a ee rrpe)J,eJIbI OHH MO-

rYT IIOMeIIJ;aTbC5I B MeCTa or-

pamI1.leIIH5I CB060)J,bI Ha Heorr-

pe)J,eJIeJ-IHO )J,OJIrYIH CPOK -

CPOK, He06xo)J,HMbIH )J,JI5IBbI-

)J,BopeI-UI5I. Ero MaKCHMYM,

MHHHMYM, OCHOBaHH5I rrpo-

)J,JIeIIH51,nepHO)J,HQHOCTbrrpo-

BepKII 3aKOHHOCTH JIHWeHH5I

CB060)J,bI B CB5I3H C BbI)J,Bope-

HIIeM B HOBOM 3aKOHe TaK)Ke

OTCYTCTBYIOT.

BbI)J,BOP5ITbC5IMorYT )J,a>Ke

Te HHOCTpaHHbIe rpa>K)J,aHe,

KOTopbIe HMeIOT ceMbH H )J,e-

Tell Ha TeppHTopHH P<D, - B

HapyweHHe rrpHI-Iu:yma e)J,HH-

CTBa ceMbH. BOT O)J,HHH3 rrpH-

MepoB. MOH IIo)J,3aIIJ;HTHbIH,

rpa)K)J,aHHH KOHro 3BaJIaKa

KYMY .5PHC, 60JIee 13 JIeT

rrpO>KHBaeT B POCCHH. OH CO-

CTOIIT B 3aperHcTpHpoBaHHoM

6paKe C rpa>K)J,aHKoH P<D H

HMeeT MaJIOJIeTHerO COBMeCT-

HorO cHell: pe6eHKa. <DaKTII-

1.IeCIUI 3BaJIaKa KYMY .5PHC 9

rrpmKHBaJI H rrpmKHBaeT Ha

:>KHJIOMrrJIOlI(at!J'I )f{eHh1, KYtIa

OH BCeJIHJIC5IC cor JIaCH5I Bcex

rrp0:>KHBaIOlI(HX H 3aperHCTpH-

pOBaHHh1X B tIaHtIOM KBapTHpe

JIHIJ;. YKa3aHHh1l1 rpa)KtIaIIHH

Hero :>KeHa, rpa:>KtIaHKa Pet>,

HeOtIHOKpaTI-IO 06palI(aJIHCh C

rrpoch60M 0 JIeraJIH3aIJ;HH ero

rrpe6hIBaHIU1 Ha TeppHTopYIH

Pet> B opraHh1 rraCrrOpTI-IO-BY1-

30BOM CJIY)f{6h1paMOHa H ropo-

tIa CaHKT-IIeTep6ypra, B rrpo-

KypaTYPY Bh160prcKoro pal1-

aria CaHKT- IIeTep6ypra, B

rrpoKypaTYPY ropotIa CaHIZT-

IIeTep6ypra, B AtIMHHHCTpa-

IJ;HIOIIpe3HtIetITa Pet>, B Ml1-

HHCTepCTBO BHYTpeHHHX tIeJI

Pet>, B cYtI, HO Be3tIe rrOJIY'laJIH

cPopMaJIhHh1e OTKa3hI.

18 OKT5I6p5I 2001 rotIa

rp. 3BaJIaKa KYMY EpHc 6b1JI

Bh13BaH B OIIBC Bh160prcKo-

ro paMoHa, rtIe 6h1JI 3atIep)f{aH

Ha I'JIa3<lX )KeHh1 H rrJIa'lYlI(ero

MaJIOJIeTI-1erOpe6eHKa H rrOMe-

lI(eH B rrpHeMHHK-paCrrpetIe-

JIHTeJIh (MeCTO, He rrpetIHa3Ha-

'leHHOe tIJI5I tIJIHTeJIhHOrO CO-

tIep)[{aHH5I JIIOtIeM) BO HCrrOJI-

HeHHe peIIIeHH5I 0 BhItIBope-

HHH ero H3 Pet> B rrpHHYtIH-

TeJIhHOM rrop5ItIKe, KaK Hapy-

IIIHBIIIero II paBHJIa rrpe6hIBa-

HH5I HHOCTpaHHh1X rpa)KtIaH.

B Tel.leHHe 90 CYTOK rpa)KtIa-

HHH KOHro CotIep:>KaJIC5I Jl

OtIHHO'lHOM KaMepe B TIOphMe,

rrpH 3TOM OH rrotIBepraJIC51

YHyI)KaIOlI(eMY '-IeJIOBe'leCKOC

tIOCTOHHCTBO06palI(eHHIO; T<1-

Koe tIJIHTeJIhHOe 3atIep:>KaHI1C

rrpH06peTaJIO tIJI5I Hero BI1)l

Hecopa3MepHO )f{eCTOKOro lICl·o

Ka3aHI15I 3a COBepIIIeHHe BCC-

1'0 JIHIIIb atIMHHHCTpaTHBI-roro

npaBarrapyme1IH5f .

B CYtI, rrpO)l,JIHBmHl1 CPOI(

ero 3a)wp)KaHH5f Ha 90 CYTOI<,

3BaJlaKa KYMY EpHc tIOCTaB-

JleH He 6bIJ1, OHtIa)f{e He 3HaJI 0

COCT05IBIIIeMC5I B OTHOmeHIlI1

Hero cy tIe6HOM 3aCetIaHHH.

KaK JIHIJ;O,rrpI1BJIeKaeMOeI<a,ll-

MHHHCTpaTHBH011 OTBeTCTBeH-

HOCTH, OH 6b1JI mnueH peaJIb-

HOM B03MmI<HOCTI1 rrpetICTa-

BHTb tIOKa3aTeJIhCTBa cBoeH

HeBI1HOBHOCTI1; eMY He 6hIJIH

pa3b5ICHeHb1 ero rrpaBa I1 HC

6b1JII1 06eCrre'leHh1 YCJIOBH5IHX

peaJIH3aIJ;HH: OH 6h1JI JIHIIIeIJ

B03MO)f{HOCTH rrOJIh30BaThC51

YCJIyraMH atIBOKaTa, nepeBOtI-

l.IHKa, Bb1cTyrraTb Ha pOtIHOM

5I3bIKe, 06)KaJIOBaTb rrpHH5ITb1C

no ero tIeJIY peIIIeHH5I, HH OtIHlI

rrpetICTaBJIeHHh1M eMY tIOKY-

MeHT He 6h1JI rrepeBetIeH Ha ero

pOtIIIOM 5I3h1K. OH Bo06lI(e HC

nOHHMaJI, 3a 'ITO, Ha KaKOM OC-

HOBaHIUI H Ha KaI<OMCPOK OIJ

3aKJIIO'IeH rrOtI CTpa}I<Y.

Ero 06palI(eHHe 3a rrpe-

tIOCTaBJIeHHeM BI1tIa Ha :>KH-

TeJIhCTBO H rpa)KtIaHcTBa Pet>

B COOTBeTCTBHHC rpa:>KtIaHcT-

BOM ero cyrrpyrH Ha OCHOBa-

HHH CT. 18 II. a et>3 Pet> ~O

rpa:>KtIaHCTBe Pet>~ OT 28 HO-

5I6p5I 1991 rotIa 6hIJIO Henpa-

BOMepHO OTKJIOHeHO OIIBC

KpacHOrBaptIeMcKoro PYBn

CaHKT- IIeTep6ypra.

3atIep:>KaHHe H Bh1tIBope-

HHe 3Toro rpa:>KtIaHI1Ha KOHro

H tIpyrHx HHocTpaHHh1x rpa)K-

tIaH, HaXOtI5IlI(HXC5I B aHaJIO-

rH'IHOM cHTyaIJ;HH, TO eCTb CO-

CT05IlI(HX B 3aperHCTpHpOBaH-

Hb1X 6paKax H HMeIOlI(HX tIe-

TeM OT rpa)f{tIaH Pet>, 5IBJI5IeTC5I

a6COJIIOTHO He3aKOHHh1M H

rpy60 HapymaeT rrpaBo Ha

CB060tIy H JIH'lHYIO HenpHKoc-

HOBeHHOCTh H npaBo Ha ce-

MeMHYIO )f{H3Hh, rrpetIycMOT-

peHtIOe p5ItIOM Me:>KtIYHapOtI-

Ho-rrpaBoBh1x tIOKYMeHToB, pa-

mcPHIJ;HpOBaHHb1X Pet>: Bce-

06lI(eM tIeKJIapaIJ;HeM npaB l.le-

JIOBeKa, CT. 16 (3); Me:>KtIy-

HapotIHh1M rraKTOM 0 rpa)KtIaH-

CKHX H rrOJIHTHl.1eCKHXrrpaBax,

CT. 17 H 23 (1); Me:>KtIYHa-

P0tIHh1M naKTOM 06 3KOHOMH-

l.leCKHX, COIJ;HaJIhHh1XH Ky JIh-

TypHh1X npaBax, CT. 10 (1);EBporreMcKoM KOHBeHIJ;HeM~03a1l(I1TerrpaB H OCHOBHh1XCBO-

60tI ~ , CT. 8; KOHBeHIJ;HeM

OOB ~O rrpaBax pe6eHKa~,

CT_ 9,10.IIplmpHTeToM B Borrpocax

BOCCOetIyIHeHH5IceMhH tIOJI:>KHh1

rrOJIb30BaThC5I tIeTH BBHtIy rro-

TeHIJ;HaJIbHOrO YlI(ep6a, HaHO-

CHMaro HM tIJIHTeJIhHOMpa3JIY-

KOM C pOtIHTeJI5IMI1. Bo Bcex

CJIYl.la5IXrrepBool.1epetIHOe BHI1-

MaHHe tIOJI)f{HO y tIeJI5IThC5I

~HaHJIYl.IlueMY 06eCrreQe1IHIO

HHTepecoB pe6eHKa~.

B COOTBeTCTBHHco CT. 9KOHBeHIJ;HH OOB ~O rrpaBax

pe6eHKa~ pe6eHOK He MO:>KeT

6b1Th pa3JIYl.1eHCOCBOHMHPO-

tIHTeJI5IMH BorrpeKH HX :>KeJIa-

HHIO, 3a IICKJIIOl.1etIHeMCJIYl.1a-

eB, KOrtIa TaKoe pa3JIY'leHIIe

He06xotIHMO B HHTepecax pe-

6eHKa.

TaKHM 06pa30M, rrpH Bh1-

tIBOpeHIIII B rrpIIHytII1TeJIhHOM

rrop5ItIKe 3BaJIaKII KYMY EpH-

ca H tIpyrHx HHOCTpaHHh1X

rpa)f{tIaH HapYIIIa10TC5I He

TOJIhKO HX rrpaBa, HO II rrpaBa

IIX ceMeM: )f{eH (MY:>KeM) H

tIeTell. naHHa5I KaTerOpII5I

JIHIJ;He MO:>KeT6hITb Bb1tIBOpe-

Ha H3 Pet>, a COOTBeTCTBeHHO,

He MO:>KeT6hITh rrOtIBeprHYTa

3atIep:>KaHHIO BO HCrrOJIHetHle

rrOCTaHOBJIeHH5I 0 Bb1tIBOpe-

HHH, TaK KaK 3TO 03Hal.1aeT HX

pa3JlYl.1etIHe C ceMbel1, rrpaBo 1

IIOMOIQb EEiKEHQAMB 3AIIA,II,HOM EBPOIIE

JIHrH~, YJIbTparrpaBOM napTHH,

eDvIHH - O,l(HH 1'13 JIH,l(CPOB

COBpeMCHHoro HTaJIb5IHCKOrO

cj:>allIH3Ma) . 3TOT 3aKOH C03-

,l(aH ,l(JI5IToro, qT06bI 06'b5IBYITb

HCJICraJIbHbIX 6C)KeH.u;eB rrpc-

cTymIHKaMH. Tcrrcpb, eCJIH TbI

HCJICraJIB I1TaJIHH, TbI Mo)KCllIb

rrOJIYl.IIITb ,l(0 4 JIeT JIHllICHII5I

cB060,l(bI. TaKoc )KCCTOKOCHa-

Ka3aHHC - II Bcero JIHUlb 3a

HapYllIeHHc rrpaBHJI rrpc6bIBa-

HI-I5I, a BOBCCHe 3a HaCT05IlL[ee

ITpcCTyrrJIeHIIe!

Ha MOM B3rJI5I,l(, MHoroe Ha

3arra,l(e B orpOMHOM CTerrCHII

3amrCHT OTrr03IIL[HH o6r.u;ecTBa,

cpe,l(CTB MaccoBoM HHcj:>oprvra-

L[IH!. Tpe6yeTC5I rrOMep)KKa

IIMeHHO He ITOJIHTYIKOB,a rrpo-

CTOJIIO,l(eM, KOTopbIe XOT5ITrro-

MOl.lb 6e)KCHL[aM. [oCY,l(apCT-

BCHHbIC rrporpaMlVlbI ITO opra-

HH3a.u;HH rrpHCMa 6C)KCH.u;CB

,l(eMCTBYIOTOl.ICHbrro-pa3HOMY·

HCKOTopbIC 6C)KCHl[bI rrorra,l(a-

IOT B crrc.u;IIaJIbHbIt'I L[eI-ITp, r,l(C

IIX Ha6HpaCTC5I Ol.ICHb MHoro,

CKa)KCMl.ICJIOBCKl.IeTbIpCCTa, a

rrOTOMKa)K,l(bIM CJIyqaM pa36H-

paeTC5I oc060 1'1rro Ka)K,l(OMY

rrpIIHHMaCTC5I PCllICHIIC. HCKo-

TopbIe HCCqaCTHbIe rrorra,l(aIOT

B crre.u;IIaJIbHbIC TIOPbMbI ,l(JI5I

6e)KCH.u;CB, OTKa3bIBaIOll[HXC5I

rrO,l('-IHHIITbC5I ocj:>IILIIIaJIbHOMY

Tpc60BaHHIO rrOKHHYTb CTpaHbI

«8 EBpone AeHbrli1 HOBbie, a

OTHOWeHli1e K 6e>KeHl..\aM -

npe>KHee» (nnaKaT

«Me)K,lJ,YHapOAHOVi aMHIi1CTlilIi1»)

TeM, qTO rrpOHCXO,l(HTCCt'I1.IaCB

EBporre.

XapaKTcpHbIM rrpHMep -

HOBbIM 3aKOH, rrpHH5ITbIM B

11TaJIHH 1'1rrOJIyqHBllIHM Ha3Ba-

HHe 3aKOHa BOCCH - eDHHH

(BOCOI - rJIaBa «CCBCPHOt'I

JIaH,l(CKOro rrpcMbcp-MHHHCT-

pa, ,l(Cp)KaBllICrOC5IB CBOCBPC-

M5I BrrOJIHe )KeCTKOro rrOJIHTH-

qeCKOrO Kypca, B TOM l.IHCJICB

Borrpocax HMMHrpa.u;HH. IIo-

BH,l(HMOMY,pcaK.u;H5IJII06epca

Hcrrocpc,l(cTBCHHO CB5I3aHa C

JIT06epca. OH BbIcTyrracT

rrpoTIm ~,l(CMOHH3a.u;HH 1'1

KpHMHHaJIH3a.u;HH 06pa3a 6e-

)KeH.u;CBB 3arra,l(HOM rrOJIHTH-

KC». Mcml rrOpa3HJIa CTOJIb

PCllIHTCJIbHa5I KpHTHKa 3THX

cOBpeMcHHbIX cj:>0PM ,l(HCKPH-

MHHa.u;HH6C)KCH.u;CBco CTOPO-

HbI JII06cpca, B rrpOllIJIOM rOJI-

O. II. Ocuno6a-II.eUmJlUJ-ta,a0601<:am rOpOOCKOlt KOJlJle-2UU a060Kam06, 1.fJle1-lPOCCUlt-C1W20 KOMumema a060Kamoe6 3aU?Umy npa6 tteJl06eKa,10pucm cemu «!VI UZPal?U5l U

npa601> IIII. «MeMOpUaJl1>

KOH ~O BbIHY)K,l(CHHbIX rrcpc-

CCJICH.u;ax~, rrOCTaHOBJICHHC

II paBHTCJIbCTBa ~0 rrpc,l(O-

CTaBJICHHH BpcMcHHoro y6c-

)KHr.u;a~, HopMaTHBHbIC aKTbl,

orrpc,l(CJI5IIOr.u;HC rrOJIO)KCHHC

BbUIY)K,l(CHHbIX rrcpCCCJICHL[CIl

B PeD. B03MO)KHO, MHOnIe

rrpHI-I5ITbIC ccrO,l(H5I 3aKOHbI HC

rrO,l(KpCrrJIeHbI 3KOHOMH1.ICCKH,

TCM HC MCHec POCCH5I ,l(06po-

BOJlbHO B35IJIa Ha CC65I 9TH

065I3aTCJIbCTBa rrcpc,l( MC)K,l(Y-

Hapo,l(HbIM C006r.u;CCTBOM 1'1

,l(OJI)KHa HX HCrrOJIH5ITb.

51 XOqy CKa3aTb HCCKOJIb-

KO CJIOB 0 ,l(BH)KCHHH B rro,l(-

,l(CP)KKY 6C)KCH.u;CBB cBporrct'I-

CKHX cTpaHax. B EBporrc TO-

)KC ,l(aJICKO HC Bec B rrOp5I,l(KC,

XOT5I1'1JIY1.IllIC, qCM B POCCHH.

HC,l(aBHo 5I l.IHTaJI rrpecc-

PCJIH3 r JIaBbI KOMHCCHH rro 6c-

)KCH.u;aMrrpH OOH rocrrO,l(HHa

POCCH5I rrO,l(rrHCaJIa KOH-

BCH.u;HIOOOH «0 CTaTYCC6c-

)KCH.u;CB~, IIpoTOKOJI K Hct'r

1967 rO,l(a, EBporrct'rcKYIo

KOI-IBCH.u;HIO~0 3aI.u;HTC rrpaB

l.ICJIOBCKa 1'1 OCHOBHbIX CBO-

60,l(~, rraKT ~O rpa)K,l(aHCKHX

H rrOJIHTHQCCKHX rrpaBax~,

KOHBCH.u;HIOOOH «0 npaBax

pc6eHIza;,>, MHorHC ,l(Pynre MC-

)K,l(YHap0,l(HbIe ,l(OKYMCHTbI;

HMeeT pa3pa60TaHHoc 3aKOHO-

,l(aTeJIbCTBO 0 MHrpaHTax: 3a-

KOH PeD «0 6C)KCH.u;ax~, 3a-

Ha BOCCOC,l(HHCHl'lC1'1rrpo)KH-

BaHHC COBMCCTHO C KOTOPOM

OHH HMCIOT; rOCY,l(apCTBO

065I3aHO 06CCrrCqHTb HM B03-

MO)KHOCTb JICraJIH3a.u;HH (rro-

JIY'ICHH5I BH,l(a Ha )KHTCJIbCTBa

1'1rpa)K,l(aHCTBa) Ha TCPPHTO-

pHH PeD.

22

24

EBpOrrbI. CymecTByeT H TaK35I

O'-IeHb6bICTpa5! rrp0l(e.n.ypa, KO-

r.n.a JIIO.n.eM,HmymHX y6e)KHma

H rrpHeXaBIIHIX B [epMaHHro,

[OJIJlaH.n.HroHJIH BO <I:>paHl(HIO,

HarrpaBJI5!IOT B COOTBeTCTBYIO-

mHe l(eIUpbI H TaM cpa3Y

0cP0pMJI5!IOT HM OTKa3bI.

B TIOpbMax H B l(eHTpax

.n.JI5!6e)KeHl(eB pa6OTaIOT .n.06-pOBOJlbl(bI. HarrpHMep, B [OJI-

JIaH.n.HHeCTb 06meCTBO rrOMO-

mH 6e)KeHl(aM, H OHO Bcer.n.a H

BCIO.n.y opramI3yeT Ky JIbTYP-

Hble rrporpaMMbI. KaK MbI ro-

BOpHM, 9TO MaCJIO B MexaHlB-

Me. Eme 60JIee Ba)KHYlo pOJlb

HrparoT COl(HaJIbHble a.n.BOKa-

TbI, oco6eI-IHo B [OJIJIaH.n.HH,OT-

Ky.n.a 51PO.n.OM, - TaM O'-IeHb

MHoro a.n.BOKaTOB, 06eCrre'-IH-

BaIOmHX rroMOmb TeM, y Koro

HeT .n.eHer.

Oc06a5! cHTyal(H5! B03HH-

KaeT, Kor.n.a 6e)KeHl(eB BbICbI-

JIaIOT. IIOMHMO .n.erropTal(HH,

eCTb eme H HeKHM Cpe.n.r-IHMBa-

pHaHT. L(erropTal(H5! CTOHT .n.o-poro, H HY)KHO 3HaTb, OTKy.n.a

1.[eJIOBeK,KaKOBO ero rrOJIo)Ke-

HHe, Ky.n.a ero rrOCbIJIaTb H Ky-

.n.aHe rrOCbIJIaTb. II03TOMY He-

pe.n.KO 6e)KeHl(aM rrpOCTO ro-

BOP5!T: paccMOTpeHHe Balliero

.n.eJIa3aKOH'-IeHO. MM BpY'-IaIOT

rrHCbMO-YBe.n.OMJIeHHe,'-ITO '-Ie-

pe3 TpH .n.H5!,'-Iepe3 rr5ITb .n.He}I

OHH 065!3aHbI yexaTb H3 CTpiL

HbI. Ho 9TH JIIO.n.HO'-IeHb '-IaCTO

OCTaIOTC5!. OHH CTaHOB5!TCH

HeJIeraJIbHbIMH HMMHrpar-rra

MH - KaK rrpamIJIO, 9TO JIIO/lIl

H3 .n.aJIeKHX CTpaH. IIpHexall

llIHe H3 POCCHH, HarrpHMCp,

cmc MorYT .n.06paTbC5! .n.OMOn,

HO acPPHKaHl(bI 06bI'-IHO HC MO

rYT. B T<LI<HXCJIY'-Ia5!X Mo)KCT

nOH<L.n.06HTbC5I IOPH.n.H'-ICCIGUI

nOMOmb, BC.n.b pCllIcmIC 06 0'1'

K<L3Ccmc MO)KCT6bITb ocrropc

HO B cy.n.c. II09TOMY .n.JI5!6c)KCHl(CB, rrOJlY'-IHBllIHX rrHCbMil

C OTK<L3<LMII,ycrp<LHBaIOT KOII

cy JIbTal(IIII rro [OPH.n.WICCIGI1'1

H .n.pyrIIM BOrrpOC<LM. T<LK,UI

npHCMHa5! J(C}ICTBYCT B Ka)I{

.n.OM60JIbliiOM ropo.n.c, B cc pa~

60TC Y'-I<LCTBYIOTpa3Hblc opra-

HH3al(HH H JIHI.(a, B TOM '-IHCJIC,

KOHC'-IHO,H a.n.BOKaTbI. IIopoi:1

3TIIM .n.CJIOM3aHHMaIOTC5! l(cp-

KOBHbIC .n.C5!TCJIHH3 OT.n.CJIOIl

COl(HaJIbHOM rroMOmH; p51/l

I(CPKBCM IIMCIOT crrcl(HaJIbHbIe

COl(HaJIbHWC cTaHl(IIH .n.JI51

npHcMa HCJICraJIbHbIX 6C)KCH-

l(CB II rroMOmH HM.

130JIbllIYIO POJIb B .n.CJICrro-

MOll(H HCJICraJIaM IIrpaIOT II

rrOJIIITH'-ICCKIIC pa.n.HKaJIbI -

JIro.n.II, KOTOPbIC oc03HaroT HC-

crrpaBc.n.JIHBOCTb rocy.n.apCT-

BCHHOMrrOJIHTHKH H cTaparoT-

C5! XOTb '-ITO-TO c.n.CJIaTb .n.JI51

6C)KCHl(CB C06CTBCHHbIMII CH-

JIaMH. LIacTo 9TH rpyrrrrbI op-

raHH3yroT, HarrpIIMCp, MC.n.H-

l(HHCKYIO rrOMOmb. IIOPO}I 9TO

HCJICrKO: CKa)[(CM, YCTPOHTb

'-ICJIOBCKa B 60JIbHHl(Y CTOHT

O'-ICHb .n.oporo. 3aTO MO)KHO

.n.orOBopHTbC5! 0 rrpocToM 06-

CJIc.n.OBaHHHy .n.OIZTopa,B 9TOM

cJIY'-Iac .n.OCTaTO'-IHO3HaTb JIIO-

.n.eM .n.06pOM BOJIH cPC.n.H Bpa-

'-IeM. MHC .n.a)KCH3BeCTHO, '-ITO

B MTaJIHH, B MlwaHe, O.n.IIH

Bpa'-I C03.n.aJIaCCOl(IIal(Hro Me-

.n.IIKOB, '-IT06bI 6eCrrJIanIO rro-

MoraTb HCJIeraJIbHbIM 6C)KCH-

l(aM.

L(pyroe .n.eJIO - rrOlfCK

pa60TbI: Ha}ITII pa60TY O'-Ienb

CJIO)KHO, Be.n.b HCJIeraJIbHbIM

6C)KCHl(aM 3arrpCmeHO pa60-

TaTb. Ho BCC-TaKII eCTb H Ta-

KHe HHHl(HaTHBbI, KaK B AM-

CTcp.n.aMe, r.n.e OTKPbIJIII OcPHC

.n.JI5! KpaTKOCp0'-IHOrO Har'b\Ia

pa60THHKOB. KOHe'-IHO,BJIaCTII

cpa3Y rrOrrbITaJIHCb 3aKpbITb

9TOT 0cPHC, HO 9TO HM HC y.n.a-

JIOCb. IIpH.n.YMaHO 6bIJIO TaK,

6y.n.TO 9TO He HaCT05!ma5! pa-

6OTa, a pa60Ta BOJIOHTCPOBH

pa60To.n.aTCJlb rrJIaTHT KaKYIO-

TO CYMMY B BH.n.e Harpa.n.bI

.n.06POBOJIbl(aM, pa60TaIOmHM

6C3 3aprrJIaTbI, a 3Ha'-IHT, H 6e3

HaJIOrOB, - TaKa5! BOT KOH-

CTPYKl(H5!.

HaJIa)KCHa TaK)Ke rroMOmb

.n.eT5!M. ECTb 3aKoHbI, 3arrpc-

Il(aromHe Y'-IHTbC5I .n.eT5!M HC-

JIeraJIb HbIX HMMIIrpaHToB, H

llIKOJIaM rrpHxo.n.IITC5! .n.eJIaTb

BbI60p. Ha.n.o cKa3aTb, 'ITO

O'-ICHbl'vlHOrOllIKOJI Ha 3arra.n.e

PCllIHJIH BCC-TaKH rrpHH5!Tb

9THX .n.cTeM,XOT5IrocYLl.apCTBO

3a HHX He rrJIaTHT. L(pyrO}I

OCTPbI}! BOUPOC - 9TO )KH-

JIbe. )KHJIhC CTOHT J(oporo.

ECTb, KOHC'-IHO,HeJICraJIbI, KO-

Tophle cHHMaroT )KHJIbe co06-

ma, HO C TaKHMH KBapTHpI-IbIC

X035!CBa, rrOJIh3Y5ICbHX rrpaBO-

BOM 6e33amHTHOCTbIO, 06pa-

Il(aroTC5! O'-JCHbrrJIOxo: CJ.(aroT

HM MaJIeHbKYro KOMHaTY, rJ.(c

CCJI5!Tcpa3Y MHoro Hapo.n.y, 3a

60JIbllIHC J.(eHbfH. HCKOTopble

6C)KeHl(bI CCJI5!TC5!B J.(OMax-

CKBOTax H )KHBYT TaM HCJIC-

raJlbHO l(CJlbIMH rpyrrnaMH.

MHorJ.(a 6C)KCHl(a rrbITaIOT-

C5!HHTcrpHpoBaTb B rpyrrrry, IT

9TO OllCHb '-IaCTO 1I0JIY'-IaeTC5I

yJ.(a'-IHo, 1I0TOMY '-ITOCCTbMHO-

ro )KCJIaromHX rrOMO'-Ib CMY IT

QCJIOBCKKaK-TO 6bICTPCC BXO-

.n.ITT B 06mCCTBO. KpoMC Ta-

KHX opraHH30BaHHbIX rpyrrrr,

3Ha'-IITTCJIbHYro POJIb B )KIT3HIT

Tex, KTO HaXOLl.ITTC5!Ha HCJIC-

raJIbHOM nOJIO)KCHHII, ITrpaIOT

IT rrpOCTO 06mITHbI. Ha 3arra-

J.(CMHoro 06mITH IT J.(Hacrrop, B 25

2

KOTopble 06'be,ZJ;IIHeHbI rrpe,lJ,-

CTaBlUeJIlI MeHbIIIIIHCTB; OCO-

6etIHO 60JIbIIIOe 3Ha'IeIIHe

HMeeT 06IIIIII-Ia Y acPPHKaH-

CKHX 9MlIrpaHTOB.

Ha,ZJ;o CKa3aTb, 'ITO B ,ZJ;eJIe

3aIIIlITbI 6e)KeHIreB Ba)£{I-Ia He

TOJIbKO rrOMOIIIb, HO II rrOJIIITH-

'-IeCKoe ,ZJ;eikTBlIe, oc06etII-I0

Kor,ZJ;a pe'-Ib lI,ZJ;eT 0 ,ZJ;erropTa-

lIlI5IX H TIOpbMaX, r,ZJ;e CHl(5IT

TOJIbKO HMMHrpaHTbI IIJIH 6e-

)KeHlIbI. ITOJIIIT.H'-IeCKlIe ,ZJ;ei1:-

CTBII5I 6bIBaIOT O'-IeHb pa3HbI-

MH, B Ka)K,ZJ;oi1:CTpaHe 9TO rrpo-

HCXO,ZJ;IIT rrO-CBoeMY. Ba)KHa5I

pOJIb rrO'-ITH Be3,ZJ;e rrpHHa,ZJ;JIe-

)KIlT lIepKBII, rrOTOMY 'ITO xpaM

BocrrpHHHMaeTC5I KaK HeLITO

CB5IllieHHoe. HarrpHMep, B fep-

MaHIIH, eCJIII TbI HaXO,ZJ;HIIIbC5IB

3,ZJ;atIIIH lIepKBH, rrOJIlIlIet'rcKHe

He HMeIOT rrpaBa Te65I CXBa-

TIITb, rrOTOMY 'ITO 9TO He HX

TeppIITOplI5I, a TeppHTOpH5I

Dora II TaM ,ZJ;PyrlIe 3aKOHbI.

K CO)l{aJIeHIIIO, H 9TO He

Bcer,ZJ;a TaK: CKa)KeM, BO cDpaH-

lIHII 6bIJIO y)£{e He pa3, Kor,ZJ;a

Bce-TaKII IIITypMOBamI lIepKBH,

r,ZJ;e CH,ZJ;eJIO HeCKOJIbKO COTeH

HeJIeraJIOB. IToCJIe 9Toro HeJIe-

raJIbI CTaJIII opraHII30BbIBaTbC5I,

II P0,ZJ;IIJIOCb ,ZJ;BH)KeHlIe «Sans

papiers:i> «<DecrracrropTHble:i».

OHO cYIIIeCTByeT H Terrepb, ero

l' JIamIOe Tpe60BaHlIe - He-

Me,ZJ;JIeHHO JIeraJIlI30BaTb Bcex.B OLIeHb MHorHX cTpaHax eCTIJ

rro,ZJ;06Hoe ,ZJ;BH)KeHIle 3a JIera-

JIII3alIHIO, B TOM '-IlICJIe H B fOJI'

JIaU,ZJ;IIH. 11 9TH JIIO,ZJ;1IBCepbC:l

60PIOTC5I, rrOTOMY '-ITO OHII HC-

pe,ZJ;KO Y)Ke 60JIee 10 JIeT )£{H-

BYT B fOJIJIaH,ZJ;HH, Y HHX ,ZJ;a)KC

eCTb JIeraJIbHa5I pa60Ta, OWl

rrJIaT5IT HaJIOrlI H COlIHaJIbHbIC

HaJIOnI, a OT rocY,ZJ;apcTBa OWl

HH'-IerO He rrOJIY'IaIOT. 3TO

O'-Ienb HecrrpaBe,ZJ;JIHBO. Ho -

YBbI! - HOBbIe eBporrei1:cKHc

3aKOHbI H eBporrei1:clme ,ZJ;oro-

BOPbI TaKOBbI, '-ITO 60JIbIIIe He-

B03MO>KHO HHKoro JIeraJIlI30-

BaTb.

HarrOCJIe,ZJ;OK XO'IY CKa3aTb

HeCKOJIbKO CJIOB 0 ,ZJ;erropTalIlI-

5IX, HJIH BbICbIJIKaX JIIO,ZJ;ei1:.B

3arra,ZJ;Hoi1: EBporre rrplI,ZJ;YMaml

pa3,ZJ;eJIelme Bcex CTpaH B MH-

pe Ha 6e30rraCHble II orraCHbIe.

Ho 9TO crropHbIH Borrpoc, Ka-

Ka5I CTpaI-Ia 6e30rraCHa5I, a Ka-

Ka5I OrraCHa5I. KaK pa3 TaKHC

cTpaI-IbI, KaK fepMaHH5I, fOJI-

JIaH,ZJ;II5I,ABCTPH5I, O'-IeHb XOT5IT

COCTaBIITb crrlICOK orraCHbIX H

6e30rracHbIx cTpaH, rrplI'IeM

IIMeTb B03MO>KHOCTb 9TOT crrlI-

COK Bce BpeM5I MeH5ITb. Ha-

rrplIMep, OHII CKJIOHHbI C'-IlITaTb

11paH II 11paK 6e30rraCHbIMII:

Be,ZJ;b 1I3 9THX CTpaI-I O'IeHb

MHoro 6e)l{eHlIeB, a Kor,ZJ;a

CTpaHa 6e30rraCHa5I, TY,ZJ;aMO)£{-

HO ,ZJ;erropTlIpOBaTb, eCJIII )Ke

CTpaHa rrplI3HaHa orraCHOH, TO

,ZJ;eHcTByeT )KeHeBCKa5I KOH-

BeHlIlI5I 1951 rO,ZJ;a II Y nplIe-

xaBIlilIX oTTY,ZJ;a eCTb npaBo

y6e)KIIIIIa.

.l(OBOJIbHO '-IaCTO 6e)KeHlIbI

1I3 9TlIX cTpaH opraHlI3YIOT

rOJIO,ZJ;OBKII rrpoTecTa, oc06eH-

HO 3HaMeHlITbIMlI CTaJIII rOJIO-

,ZJ;OBKIIIIpaHlIeB II KYP,ZJ;OB- B

fepMaHlI1I 6bIJI lIeJIbIt'I neplIo,ZJ;,

Kor,ZJ;a KYP,ZJ;bI cOBepIIIaJIII ca-

MOCO)K)KeHII5I, rrpoTecTY5I rrpo-

TIIB ,ZJ;erropTalIlIlI. DJIaro,ZJ;ap5I

rro,ZJ;06HbIM BblcTyrrJIeHII5IM

9TlIM JIIO,ZJ;5IMrrOKa eIIIe Y,ZJ;aeT-

C5I ,ZJ;06IIBaTbC5I rrpaBa OCTaTb-

C5I XOTb BpeMeHHo. B fepMa-

HIIII rrOCJIe CaMOCO)K)KeHII5I

KYP,ZJ;OBlIepKoBb opraHH30Ba-

JIa rrepe,ZJ;BII)KHOe y6e)KlIllre,

Ka)K,ZJ;ble ,ZJ;Be He,ZJ;eJIII 6e)KeH-

lIeB rrepeB03lIJIlI B ,ZJ;PY1'0t'I

xpaM - II TaK rrOKa lIM He

rrpe,ZJ;OCTaBJI5IJIII y6e)KIIIIra.

TaKIIM )Ke crroc060M, HO He-

MHoro paHbIIIe rrOMOraJIlI 6e-

)KeHlIaM II B fOJIJIaH,ZJ;IIH.

.l(PyrlIM BH,ZJ;OMaKlIlIH rrpo-

TIIB ,ZJ;erropTalIlIlI CTaJIa 60pb6a

C HeKOTopbIMII aBlIaKOMrraHII5I-

MIl. O'-IeHb MHorlIe 3arra,ZJ;Hble

(II He TOJIbKO 3arra,ZJ;HbIe) aBHa-

KOMrraHlI1I 3a ,ZJ;eHbrlI ,ZJ;erropnI-

PYIOT JIIO,ZJ;eH - HarrplIMep,

rOJIJIaH,ZJ;CKa5I «KJIM:i> , HeMelI-

Ka5I «JIIOcPTraH3a:i> II ,ZJ;a)Ke

«3pcPpaHC:i>. AKTIIBIICTbI 3a-

XBaTbIBaIOT OcPlICbI TaKIIX KOM-

rraHIIH. 3TO 'IaCTO rrplIHOCIIT

pe3YJIbTaTbI: CKa)KeM, IIIBeH-

lIapCKa5I «CBIIC9HP:i> 06eIIIaJIa,

'ITO 60JIbIIIe He 6Y,ZJ;eT rrOMO-

faTb ,ZJ;erropTlIpOBaTb 6e)KeHlIeB

(rrpaB,ZJ;a, IIIBeHlIapCKlIe BJIaCTII

HaH5IJIII A9P0cPJIOT, KOTOPblt'I

COrJIaCeH Y'IaCTBOBaTb B ,ZJ;e-

rrOpTalIlI5IX) .

AKTIIBIICTbI rrplIBJIeKaIOT

BHIIMaHlIe K 9TOH rrp06JIeMe

TaK)Ke rrYTeM opraHlI3alIlIlI

JIeTHIIX H 3lIMHHX JIarepeH, r,ZJ;e

c06HpaeTC5I MOJIO,ZJ;e)l{b H rrplI-

HHMaeT Y'-IaCTlIe KaK B 06cY)K-

,ZJ;eHHH cHTyalIHII C 6e)KeHlIa-

MIl, TaK H B pa3Horo p0,ZJ;a ny6-

JIH'IHbIX rrpOTeCTax. BrrepBbIe

TaKOH JIarepb rr05IBIIJIC5I B

fepMaHIIH: ceTb rpyrrrr, Ha3bI-

BaIOIIIa5Ic5I «Kein Mensch ist

illegal:i> (<< LIeJIOBeK He MO>KeT

6bITb HeJIeraJIbHblM:i», opra-

HH30BaJIa Y rpaHlIlIbI C ITOJIb-

IIIeH JIarepb, r,ZJ;e He TOJIbKO

YCTpaHBaJIHCb ,ZJ;IICKYCCIIH, HO

H 6bIJI OCYIIIeCTBJIeH ,ZJ;eMOHCT-

paTHBHbIH 3aXBaT BOK3aJIa, OT-

KY,ZJ;a 'IaCTO ,ZJ;erropTlIpOBaJIII

6e)KeHlIeB II r,ZJ;e apeCTOBbIBa-

JIH HeJIeraJIOB. IT pOTeCTYIO-

IIIHe rrpOBO,ZJ;IIJIII CIIMBOJIII'Ie-

CKHe aKlIHII, TaKlIe KaK, HanpH- 27

,IJ;BII)KEHIIEllPOTIIBHEJIErAJIbHOM IIMMIIrPAll,IIII

Mep, ~JIeHTa l.IepeS rpamIIIY>->,

KOr,n:a Y'IaCTHMKM ,n:eMOHCTpa-

IIMM CT05IT BMeCTe Ha rpaHI1IIe,

BS5IBIIHICb sa PYKH.

Tenepb n05IBHJIOCb Ol.IeHb

MHoro TaKHX JIarepeH - ,n:a-

JKC B AMepMKC, Ha rpaHHIIe C

MCKCHKO:t"I,H TaM To)KC rrpOBO-

,n:5IT,n:HCKYCCHHH aKIIHH.

Ho eCTb eme H np5IMOe

,n:CHCTBlle, 60JIee )KeCTKa5I

npaKTHKa, Kor,n:a, ,n:onYCTHM,

I1CTOPH5I BOSHHKHOBC[-[H5I

3Toro Ll,BH)KeHH5I, 0 KOTOPOM

HeCKOJIbKO MeC5IIIeB Hasa/:(

BLI,Pyr sarOBOpHJIH CpCLI,CTBa

MaCCOBOH HHepopMaIIHH, BOS-

MO)KHO, XOPOIllO HSBeCTHa H

HH'ICM XOTb HeMHoro opHnI-

HaJIbHbIM He OTJIH'-IaeTC5I.TeM

He MCHee OHa B KOHIIeHTpHpo-

BaHHOM BH,n:e OTpa)KaCT orrpe-

Ll,eJIeHHble HaCTpOeHH5I POC-

CHHCIwro 06meCTBa, KOTOPbIC

He06xoLl,HMO Yl.IHTbIBaTb, rOBO-

p5I 0 rrp06JIeMaX MMrpaHTOB H

6e)KeHIICB, TeM 60JIee 'ITO 3TH

HaCTpOeHH5I nopoH HCKYCHO

rro,n:orpeBaIOTC5I OTLI,eJIbHbIMH

saHHTcpecoBaHHbIMH rpyrrrra-

MH, rrpecJICLI,YIOmHMH BrrOJIHe

YCTpaHBaIOTC}I rr06enI HS TIO

peM ,n:JI5I6e)KeHIIeB; He,n:aBHOII

AHr JIHH rrpOCTO rro,n:O)KrJIH T<l

KyIO TIOPbMY.

I1TaK, eCTb MHoro crroco

60B conpOTHBJIeHM5I pa,n:H SC1c

mHTbI 6e)KCHIIeB, KaK rrOJIHTl1

l.IecKoH, TaK H COIIHaJIbHotl.

ITO-MOCMY, 91'0 TO, l.ITOCJIe,n:yc'l'

rro,n:,n:ep)KHBaTb.

P. c.)I'lUm

KOHKpeTHble rrOJIHTHQeCIGIC

HJIH HHbIC HHTepecbr.

BHaqaJle 6hIJl IIorpoM

HarrOMHHM B Ll,BYX CJIOBaX

C06bITH5I, rrocJIY)KHBIlIHC (rrycTb

epopMaJIbI-IO) Ha'IaJIOM 06paso-

BaHH5I 9TOro Ll,BH)KeHH5I. CIIC-

HapHH H3BeCTeH rro MHOnI]\[

Ll,PynIM Me)K3THH'IeCKHM KOH-

epJIHKTaM. Hal.laJIOCb Bce B mo-

JIe 2002 roLl,a B MaJIeHbKOM

rro,n:MOCKOBHOMropo,n:Ke Kpac-

HoapMeHcKe C rrMIHOH Ll,paKH B

ropo,n:CKOM 6ape ~ITaJIbMa».

ITOCCOPHJIHCb Ll,BOe MY)K-

l.IHH - 43-JIeTHHH fapHK Ca-

5IH H 26-JIeTI-IH:t"I I1roPb CaMo-

JIIOK. Ca5IH HaHCCCBOCMYrrpo-

THBHHKY HOJKeBOC paHeHHC H

O'ICHb CIWPO 6bIJI sa,n:cpJKaH

MHJIMIIHe:t"r.BrrOCJIeLl,CTBHHeMY

6bIJIO ITpeLl,b5IBJICHO 06BHHC-

HHC rro CTaTbe 111 qaCTb 1,

rrpeLl,ycMaTp:YIBaIOIl(c:t"I HaKa3a-

IIHe sa YMbIIliJICHHOC npH'-IHHC-

HMe T5I)KKOrOBpCLI,aSJ(OPOBbIO.

Ha CJIeLl,YIOIl(H:t"[ Bel.ICp

rpyrrrra MeCTHblX ITOLl,POCTKOB

(rro pa3HbIM CBeLl,CHH5IMB HCC

BXOLl,HJIH 01' 20 Ll,0 30 qCJIO-

BeK), CHJIbHOHaBCCCJIC,BOOpy-

)K:YIBIlIHCb Ll,y6HHKaMH, CTaJIa

Ll,OMsa ,n:OMOM06XOLl,HTb aLl,pe-

ca, rro KOTOPbIM B KpacHoap-

MCHCKe rrpO)KHBaIOT rrpe,n:CTa-

BHTeJIH apM5IHCKOHLl,HaCrrOpbI.

ITOLl,POCTKH BpbIBaJIHCb B

KBapTHpbI apM5IH H IIO,n: rrpeLl,-

JIOrOM rrOHCKOB rrpeCJIOBYToro

Ca5IHa (KOTOpbIH Y)KC CYTKH

KaK 6bIJI SaLl,ep)KaH) Hs6HBaJIH

)KHJIbIIOB - B OCHOBHOM

MY)K'IHH, XOT5I SaOLl,HOLl,OCTa-

JIOCb H )KeHmHHaM. B PCsyJII,-

TaTe rrOCTpaLl,aJIO 60JICC Ll,BYX

Ll,eC5ITKOBl.ICJIOBeK,rrpHl.ICM BO-

ceMb HS HHX (BKJIIOqa5I OLl,HY

)KeHmHHY) 6bIJIH rOCITYITaJIH-

sHpoBaHbI C T5I)KeJIbIMH TpaB-

MaMH, - rro CJIOBaM PO,n:CT-

BeHHHKOB, Y rrOCTpaLl,aBIIIYIX

pa36HTbI rOJIOBbI, TpaBMHpoBa-

HbI BHYTpeHHHc OpraHbI. Eme

OKOJIO 15 apM5IH rrOJIYl.IHJIH

aM6y JIaTopHYIO rrOMOIl(b H

CMorJIH BepHYTC5I Ll,OMO:t"r.

J\!bp KpacHoapMcHcKa

BHTaJIYIH ITallicHIIcB Ll,OBOJIbHO

caMOKpHTH'-IHO Sa5IBHJI Ha

oepHIIHaJIbHOM caHTe rop0Ll,a:

«TpareLl,H5I, rrpOH,mIlICLI,lUa5I B

ropoLl,C B MHI-IYBlUee BOCKpece-

HbC, rrOKaSaJIa, "ITO rrpOCTbIe

)KHTeJIH 6c3SaIl(HTHbI rrepe,n:

opraHHsoBaHHo:t"I 6CC'IHHCT-

BYIOIl(eH TOJIrrOH. MHJIHIIH5I He

CMor JIa CBOCBpeMCHHO OIIe-

HHTb cHTyaIIluo H rrpCCelJb 6e3-3aKOI-IHYIO pacrrpaBY. fopo-

)KaHe, Ha r JIa3aX Y KOTOPbIX

paSBopa'IHBaJIHCb Bce C06bI-

TH5I, OKa3aJIHCb 6CSY'IaCTHbIMH

K rrpOHCXO,n:5ImeMY,BOBpeM5IHC

C006Il(HJIH 0 HHX B MHJIlU~HIO>->.

l(JI5I rrOJIHOTbI KapnIHbI

CTOHT3aMeTHTb, o,n:HaKO,QTOHS

HeCKOJIbKHXLl,CC5ITKOBrrorpOM-

mHKOB 3aLl,ep)KaHbI Bcero Ll,Ba

'IeJIOBeKa, a r JIaBHOe, yrOJIOB-

Hble Ll,eJIarrponIB HHX Bos6Y)K-

Ll,eHbI ITOCTaTbe 213 QaCTb 3 -

~xy JIYlraHCTBO>->. ITo CJIOBaM

COTPYLI,HHKOB rrpaBooxpaIIH-

TCJIbHbIX opraHoB KpacHoap-

MeHcKa, HeT OCHOBaHHHYTBep-

)KLI,aTb, 'ITO saLl,CpJKaHHbIe 5IB-

JI5IIOTOI Yl.IaCTHHKaMH MOJIO-

Ll,e)KHbIX 3KCTpeMHCTCKHX

rpyrrrrHpoBOK, H CJIYl.IHBlUCCC5I

HHKaK HeJIb35I C'IHTaTb rrp05IB-

JIeHHeM pacH3Ma HJIH MC)KHa-

- ~~~--~-- ------- - ~-- ---- - -- -.~

3

I(MOHaJIbHOMM Me)l(3THM'IeCKOM

p03HM. Borrpoc, oTKy):(a Y xY-

JIMraHOB B35IJIMCbCrrMCKMqaCT-

HbIX a):(peCOBrOpO)l(aH-apM5IH,

OqeBM):(HO,Hl1KOrO B MMJIl1I(HH

He 3al1HTepeCOBaJI.

MeHee He):(eJIHcrrYCT5I )1(11-

TeJIl1 KpaCHoapMeMCKa c06pa-

JIl1Cb rrepe):( 3):(ar-Il1eMM3pHH Ha

MHTHHr, KOTOPbLt'1ropo):(CKl1e

BJIaCTY1XOT5I 11He pa3pemHJIl1,

HO 11pa3rOH5ITb He CTaJIl1. Ml1-

THHr c06paJI po):(CTBeHHHKOBH

):(PY3eM3a):(ep)I(aHHb1X norpOM-

II(l1KOB, aKTl1BHCTOB (rrpHqeM

):(aJIeKO He TOJIbKO MeCTI-1bIX)

06II(eCTBa <<IIaM5ITb» 11 PHE,

pa3Bl1BlllHX, rro CJIY-lIaIO,aKTHB-

HYIO rrporraraH):(Y. Ha):(o CKa-

3aTb, ):(JI5I MaJIeHbKOro rop0):(Ka

CXO):(KanOJIY1.IHJIaCb):(OBOJIbHO

BHYlllHTeJIbHOM - OKOJIO n5I-

Tl1COT qeJIOBeK. II03HI(115I MH-

Tl1HrYIOII(l1X 6bIJIa ):(0 npe):(eJIb-

Horo 5ICHOM:MaJIb1.Il1Kl1):(eJIaJIl1

TOJIbKO TO, 'ITO Ha):(o 6b1JIO):(e-

JIaTb, TaK KaK MHJIHI~H5IHe 60-

peTC5I ):(OJI)I(HbIM06pa30M C He-

JIeraJIbHOM l1MMHrpaI(l1eM. 11

rrocTpa):(aJIH OHH JIl1111b3a 3'1'0,

XOT5I ropo):(CKHM BJIaCT5IM HX

rr06JIaro):(apl1Tb 6bI Ha):(o 6bIJIO.

Bb1cTyrrHJI OTeI( O):(Horo 1133a-

):(ep)l(aHHbIX, H TOJIrra ):(PY)l(HO

rrpOCKaH):(HpOBaJIa: ~CB060):(y

HalllHM ):(eT5IM!» 0'1' M3pl1l1 )l(e

c06paBllll1eC5I Tpe60BaJIH BbI-

CeJIl1Tb H3 KpacHoapMeMCIGl

apM5IHcKYIO ):(l1acrropy, B OC"

HOBHOM pa60TaIOII(YIO Ha Ta-

6a1.IHoM epa6pHKe 11 MeCTI-1b1X

CTpOMKax, H ):(PYfl1X HHOP01\-

I(eB. B OTBeTHa 3'1'0a):(MHHl1CT-

paI(H5I ropo):(a rrp113BaJIa rpa)[(-

):(aH BcnOMHHTb 06 HCKJIIOqH"

TeJIbHO 6bITOBOM rrpl1ql1He B03-

HHKHOBeHH5I KOHepJIl1KTa H He

Han1eTaTb Me)K3THWIeCKYIO

Harrp5I)KeI-IHOCTb. B 60JIec

n03):(HeM HHTepBb10 M3p Ha-

3BaJI npOHCXO):(5III(He B ropo):(c

C06h1TlUI rrp05IBJIeHl1eM ~6b1TO-

Boro HaI(HOHaJIH3Ma».

EYKBaJIbHO 1.1epe3 HC-

CKOJIbKO):(HCMO1.1eHbrrOXO)l(HC

C06bITl15I rrp01130111JIHB CH6H-

PH, r):(c B HOB001611pCKe B

MaCCOBOMrr060HII(C Orr5ITb rro-

cTpa):(am1 apM5IHe. A crrycHI

eII(e rrapy ):(HeM CMl1 H3Bec-

THJIl1 06II(ecTBeHHocTb 0 C03-

):(aHHl1 )lBIDKeHH5I rrpoTHB HC-

JIeraJIbHOM HMMl1rpaI(l1H H

YKa3aJIH BceM )l(eJIaIOII(HM a):(-

pec caMTa )lBl1)1(eHl15I, co06-

II(HB co CCbIJIKOM Ha 3'1'0'1'ca-

MbIM HCTOqHHK, 'ITO ~rr06Y):(11-

TeJIhHbIM MOTl1BOM ):(JI5I 06bC-

):(l1HeHl15I npOTHBHHKOB HeJIC-

raJIbHOM HMMl1rpaI(HH B POC-

cHlicKHe ropo):(a CTaJIH

"CTOJIKHOBeHH5I KopeHHb1X

)l(HTeJIel"1 nO):(MOCKOBHoro

r. KpacHoapMeMcKa 11 HOBO-

C116HpCKaC TOJIrraMH 6ecHYlo-

II(HXC5I HMMl1rpaHToB"».

l1HTepecHo B 3TOM l1CTOPl1H

BOT'ITO. MbI rrOCeTl1JIl1YKa3aH-

Hb1M caMT cpa3Y rrOCJIeorrHCbI-

BaeMb1X C06bITHM. OH 6bIJI

rrOJIHOCTbIOCepOpMHpoBaH, 06-

JIa):(aJIpa3pa6OTaHHb1M CTl1JIeM

H Ha pe):(KocTb xopollleM Tex-

Hl1qCCKOM6a30M, MaccoM no):(-

py6Pl1K H pa3JIl1qHb1X MaTe-

pHaJIOB. IIOBepl1Tb, 'ITO, Bep-

HYBlllHCb rrOCJIe Ml1THHra, Ha

KOTOPOM5IK06b1 6b1JIO3a):(YMa-

HO H CepOpMHpOBaHO3'1'0 ~CTH-

Xl1MHoe» ,):(BH)I(eHl1C, B03MY-

II(eHHbIl"1PYCC1<HMHapo):( 3a rra-

py ):(HeMC03):(aJI3'1'03JIeKTpOH-

Hoe H3):(aHHe, OqeHb TPY):(HO.

)la)l(e eCJIl1 rrpe):(rrOJIO)l(l1Tb,

'ITO rrp05IBJI5IBllll1e C caMoro

HaqaJIa 3Tl1X C06hITl1M aKTl1B-

HOCTbPHE H ~IIaM5ITb» OqeHb

rrOMOraJIH, ):(a)l(e eCJIl13aRBJIeH-

HbIe Ha caMTe MHOrOqHCJIeH-

Hb1C ~COqYBCTBYIOII(l1e» y):(aq-

HO OKa3aJIHCb rrpeKpaCHb1MH

Be6-):(113aMHepaMH... (CTOl1T

cpaBHHTb 3'1'0'1' caMT C

3JICKTPOHHb1MH CTpaHMI(aMl1

MHOrl1X ):(pyrHx OpraH113aI(HM

cxo)l(ero TOJIKa, HaXO):(5III(l1MH-

C5I06b1qHO B Ky):(a 60JIee 3arry-

II(er-IHOM COCT05IHHl1.) C Tex

rrop caMT rrOCT05IHHOrro):():(ep-

)l(l1BaeTC5I, e)l(e):(HeBHO rrorrOJI-

H5IeTC5ICBe)KHMl1HOBOCT5IMHH

~l1CCJIC):(OBaHl15IMl1»(0 KOTO-

PhIX rr03)1(e) H ):(a)l(e YKpaCHJI-

C5IapXHBOM, B KOTOPOMc06pa-

HbI aHaJIOrWIHb1e MaTepHaJIb1

He TOJIbKO3a rrpe):(b1):(YII(l1eMe-

C5II(hI, HO):(a)l(e3a rrpe):(b1):(YII(HM

ro):(! IIpl1 caMTe pery JI5IPHO

epYHKI(HOHHPYlOT 3JIeKTpOH-

HbIM epOPYM H ~qaT», Ha KOTO-

PbIX )l(eJIaIOII(He MorYT 06cy-

):(HTb Bce CB5I3aHHbIe C l1MMH-

rpaI(HCM BorrpOCb1 - l1JIl1, '1'01.1-

Hee, TY HX 1.IaCTb,KOTOpa5I HX

60JIec BOJIHyeT. II pHqeM Bce

pa3MeII(aCMb1e MHeHl15I CTporo

I(eH3ypl1pYIOTC5I HC3pHMbIM

6JIIOCTl1TCJICMqHCTOTb1HaI(HH

H caMTa, KOTOPbIM He TOJIbKO

~rrpOnaJlhIBaCT JIOrrYXH» (ca-

Moorrpe):(eJICHHe), HO l1Hor):(a H

OTBeqaeT ~rro CYII(eCTBY».

qeM u,eJIh OTJIlIQaeTCH OT

3a,[J,aQll?

IIorrp06yeM npOMTl1Cb no

MHor01.IHCJICHHbIM, XOTh 11

OqeHb OAHo06pa3HbIM no co-

):(ep)KaHl1IO py6pl1KaM cal"ITa.

IIepBoe, 'HO 6pOCaeTC5IB rJIa3a,

eCJIHB35ITbHa ce65I TPY):(rrOqH-

TaTb 3TY KpaMHe HCTepHqC-

CKyIO KOMrrHJI5II(l1IO, - rrOCTO-

5IHHbIC (HO OTHIO):(bHC CJlyqaM-

Hb1e) rrpOTl1BOpeql15I, TaK )l(e

KaK 11 06II(a5I IOpl1):(W1eCKa5IH

):(a)l(e rpaMMaTUqeCKaR 6e3rpa- 31

32

MOTHOCTb 6opUOB C «'-IY)KHMH»,

Y)K He rOBOp5I 0 CT11JIe.

IIoMHMO rrporpaMMHbIX

py6pHK (0 ,I(B11)lZeHI1H, UeJUI

H 3a,l(aqH, KaK BCTyrr11Tb?, Co-

paTHHKaM, AI<I{YI5I) H Y)Ke yrro-

MHHaBIlIHXC5I <D0PYMa II TIaTa,

OCHOBHble MaTepHaJIbI pa36H-

TbI ITO CJIe,l(YIOInIIM IIarrpaBJIe-

HII5IM: XpOl-IHKa HallIeCTBH5I,

MHpOBble nOBOCTH, 3aKOHbI,

I1cCJIe,l(OBamUl, PerraTpHali115I

B POCCYIIO. OTlZpbWaeTC5I caih

Kpaco'-IHbIM KOJIJ1a)KeM 113 cPO-

TorpacPHtt, KOTOPbIH Mo)KHO

6bIJIO 6bI rrpHH5ITb 3a aI-ITHpa-

CHCTCKHH rrmuz aT , eCJIH 6bI He

,l(OBepllIaIOll(HY[ KapTHHY POC-

CHHCKHH cPJlar C Ha,l(rrHCbIO:

«POCCYI5I rrpOTHB HeJIeraJIb-

HbIX HMMH1'paHTOB». HH)Ke

,l(Be cPpa3bI, KBYIHT3CCeHUH5I,

TaK CKa3aTb, B31'JI5I,l(OB C03,l(a-

TeJIeH caHTa. I1I-ITepeCHO, '-ITO,

HeCMOTp5I Ha ,l(OBOJIbHO BbICO-

KYIO rrOCell(aeMOCTb 3Toro pe-

cypca, HHKTO H3 «MHorO'-IHC-

JIeHHbIX copanlHKOB» He ,l(aJI

3HaTb aBTopaM, qTO TaK rro-

PYCCKH, YBbI, CKa3aTb HeJIb35I:

«MbI - X035IeBa B CBoeM ,l(0-

Me, a rrpaBO X035IeB caMIIM orr-

pe,l(eJI5ITb, B KaKOH KOMHaTe

rrOCeJIHTb rOCT5I, I-Ia KaKoe Bpe-

M5I, HJIH Boo6ll(e He rrYCTHTb B

,l(OM. HarrpHMep, Toro, KTO

5IBHJIC5I TOJIbKO 3aTeM, qT06bI

Te65I )Ke 060KpaCTb HJIlI Bo06llle H3 CBoero )Ke ,l(OMa Bh['-

rHaTb». TaK '-IeH )Ke ,l(OM?

BI-raqaJle MHOrOqHCJIell

Hble JI5IrrCYCbI II rpaMMaTWlC

CKHe H CTI1JIHCTI1'-IeCKVIe o1'pe'

XH I-IaCTOJIbKO 3a6aBJI5IIOT II

COce,l(CTBe C Tpe60BaHVICM

«BBeCTH 065I3aTeJIbHble ;:)J{:3C1

MelIbI ITO rOCY,l(apCTBeHHOiVl'y

5I3bIKY, HCTOPHH H TpaL(Hl(WI1'o-1

POCCHH, ,l(JI5I JIHU, B1,eXaBllIYlX

Ha TeppHTopmo CTpallhI C 5111

Bap5I 1991 rO,l(a Ha rrOCT0511I

Hoe rrpO)KHBam-re, rrOCT05111'

HYIO I1JIH BpeMeHHYIO pa60

TY», lITO XOqeTC5I HX rrpOCTO

BbII1HCbIBaTb H ,l(eJIHThC5I HMH I

KaK xopOllieH IlIYTKOYI, HO no

CTerreHI-IO HX KOJIHqeCTBO CTa·

HOBHTC5I Bce 60JIee H 60JICl'

YTOMHTeJIbHbIM, a 3aTeM fl

rrpOCTO rryraIOll(HM. I103TOM'y

rrpOCTO orOBOpHMC5I, '-ITO Bel'

UHTaTbI rrpHBO,l(5ITC5I «C co-

xpaHeHHeM CTHJI5I H opq)O'

rpacPHH rrO,l(JII-II-IHI-IIza».

HI1)Ke Hac )K,lI.eT HaI160J1C('

rrOrrOJIH5IeMa5I I1 CaMa5I 06·

IlIHpHa5I, rrO)KaJIyt'I, Py6p fl

Ka - C MHor03Ha'-II1TeJIbHbIM

Ha3BaHHeM «XpoHHKa HaIlIe'

CTBH5I». TaM c06paHbI CO BCCX

caHToB (OT 60Jlee HJIH MeI-IC(,

HeHTpaJIbHbIX I1HcP0pMaUHoll

HbIX ,l(O oTKpoBeHHo HaUHOlm

JII1CTH'-IeCKI-Ix) Bce B03Mo)K

lIble HOBOCTI1 0 rrpecTyrrJIeHI1-

5IX I1HOpo,l(ueB I1 oT,l(eJIbHbIX

cPaKTax «Y,l(aqHoH» 60Pb6bI C

HI1MI-I. I1HOH pa3 I1HcP0Pi\-Ia-

UI15I-TO Bp0,l(e H ,lI.OCTOBepHa5I,

VICCbIJIKa I1MeeTC5I Ha ,l(OCTOYI-

lIbIYI H 3aCJIY)KHBaIOll(HH ,l(OBe-

pH5I pecypc, HO H3JIO)KeHO Bce

C paccTaHoBKoH «I-IY)KHbIX»

aKueHToB, TaK qTO Y)KaCbI «Ha-

IlIeCTBH5I» H Brrp5IMb JIe,l(eH5IT

KpOBb. I1pwleM H He pa30-

6paTb 6bIJIO 6bI, me )KypHa-

JII-ICT «I13BeCTHH» HJIH HTB

rrHllIeT, a r,l(e - 60PUbI C He-

JIeraJIaMH, eCJIH 6bI, Orr5ITb )Ke,

,l(YPHOH CTHJIh H rrJIOXoe 3Ha-

HHe PYCCKoro 5I3bIKa, KaK OC-

JIHHbIe YllII1, C rOJIOBOH He BbI-

,l(aBaJIH 6bI 60PI~OB cpa3Y H

6e3011IH60'-IHO, ,l(a)Ke Ha cPoHe

He Bcer,l(a 6JIell(Yll(HX rpaMOT-

HOCTbIO )KypHaJUlcToB. A I-IHOt'I

pa3 ,l(OCTaTo'-IHo Ha,l( CYXHM

I-IHcP0pMaUHoHHbIM MaTepHa-

JIOM npHJIerrHTb lIa3BaHHe -

BOT HY)KHble BbIBO,l(bI H rOTO-

BbI: «Pa6bI B POCCI-IH. JIHKH

COBpeMeI-IHOH POCCHHCKOH

rrpecTyrrHocTH (KaK BceM H3-

BeCTHO, Y rrpecTyrrHocTH HeT

HaUI10naJIbHOCTH)>> , «ECJII-I

BJlaCTI-I He MorYT nOCTaBHTb

Ha MeCTO 3apBaBllIHXC5I neJIe-

raJIOB, TO 3a 3'1'0 6ePYTC5I MeCT-

Hble )KI-ITeJII-I», «MocKBa rrpe-

BpamaeTC5I B reTTO».

B py6pI1Ke «0 ,I(BI-I)KeHHI-I»,

KY,l(a, KOHeqnO, cpa3Y 06pama-

ellIbC5I 3a pa3b5ICHeHH5IMH, H3-

JIO)KeHbI «3a,l(aqI-I ,l(JI5I BbII10JI-

HeHI15I ueJIeH ,I(BI-I)KeHH5I» (TaK

I-I CKa3aHO), '-II-ICJIOM,l(eC5ITb, a

BOT B py6pI-IKe «UeJIH H 3a.l(a-

qI-I» I-I3JIo)KeHbI «HallIH Tpe60-

BaHI-I5I», I-I I-IX ueJIbIX ,l(Ba,l(uaTb

,l(Ba 3a,l(a'-IH ,l(JI5I BbII10JIHeHH5I

ueJIeYI CBO,l(5ITC5I K CTaH,l(apT-

HbIM cPopMaM Y)KeCTO'-IeHI-I5I

MI-IrpaUI-IOHHOH rrOJIHTHKH H

nporraran,l(e COOTBeTCTBYIOlllI-IX

H,l(eH, npI-IBO,l(I-ITb KOTopble Ha-

,l(06HOCTI-I HeT, O,l(HaKO HeKOTO-

pble I-I3 rrYHKTOB 06pamalOT Ha

ce65I BHHMaI-II1e.

I1YHKT 1: «I1poBe,l(eHHe

MaCCOBbIX aKUHH rpa)K,l(aH» . 33

4

KaKIIX, He YTOt.IH5IeTC5I. .llaJIee

rrYHKT 4: «C03,ll.aHIIe M06IIJIb-

HbIX OTp5I,ll.OBrpaJK,ll.aH, COBMe-

CTHOC rrpaBooxpaHIITeJIbHbIMII

opraHaMII, pellIaIOli(HX 3a,ll.aLJ:H

rro 60pb6e C HeJIeraJIbHbIMII

HMMIIrpaHTaMH~. VI HaKoHeu"

nYIIKT 6, COBceM IIHTepecHbIH:

«OKa3aHIIe IOpH,ll.Ht.IecKoH II

:mfoit rrOMOII(H rpa)K,naHaM, aK-

THBHO BbICTYIlHBWHMH npOTHB

HeJIeraJIbHot'r HMMHrpaUHII H

nonaBllIHMH no;( II peCJIe,ll.OBa-

HHe COBpeMemfbfX treCOBep-

llIetIHbIX 3aKOI-IOB>:>.OCTaBHM 13

rrOKoe Orr5ITb BbIpBaBllIl'IeC5I H3-

rro,ll. KOI-ITPOJI5I HenoKopHbIe

na,ll.eJKHII 06paTHMC5I K py6pH-

Ke «UeJIH H 3a,ll.at.IH~, HJIH, KaK

MbI YJKe BbI5ICHHJIH,K Tpe60Ba-

HH5IM,ll.BHJKemI5I, H rronp06yeM

cpaBHHTb, LJ:eM)Ke O,ll.HOOT,ll.PY-

roro OTJIHt.raeTC5I.

I10H5ITHO, LJ:TOrrepBoe Tpe-

60BaHHe - 3TO «,ll.erropTHpo-

BaTb Bcex HeJIeraJIbHbIX HMMH-

rpaHTOB C TeppHTopHH POC-

CHH~ (HeKOTOpa5I CBe)KeCTb

HMeeTC5IJIHllIb 13rrpe,ll.JIO>Kemm

BbI,ll.BOP5ITb H3 CTpaHbI «3a

CLJ:eT... Cpe,ll.CTBKOMMepLJ:eCKHX

CTPYKTYP Tex HaUHOHaJIbHbIX

,ll.Hacrrop, K KOTOPOH(TaK 13TeK-

CTe) rrpHHa,ll.JIeJKHTBbI,ll.BOp5Ie-

MbI:t'I~) . Ho KaK 3TOro ,ll.0-

CTHLJ:b?.llaJIbHeHllIIIe rrYHKTbI

06b5ICWnOT HaM 3TO: «C03,ll.aTb

13 KaJK,ll.OM perHOHe ueHTphl

BpeMeHHoro CO,ll.epJKaHH5I)(JI}I

Bcex He3aKOHHO npOHHKIll!'IX

Ha TeppHTopHIO POCCHH~, «Co:!

,ll.aTb 13Ka)K,ll.OMperHOI-Ie CTpil

HbI Ha6mo,ll.aTeJIbHbIe COBen I II

M06HJIbHbIe OTp5I,ll.bI H3 npell

CTaBHTeJIet'I .llBHJKeHH5I, 0611l('

CTBeHHOCTH H rOCY,ll.apCTBl:1I

HbIX CJIYJK6, MB.ll, no 60pL6c ('

HeJIeraJIbHot'I HMMHrpaL(Heii»,

Ha)(o 6bI ,ll.a)Ke «BBeCTH 133a[«()

HOJ(aTeJIbCTBO nOJIOJKeHIle ()

TOM, LITOnpH06peTetme )KVIJIO'

ro ,ll.OMa, KBapTHpbI, HHot'r Ill:-

,ll.BHJKHMOCTHHa TeppHTopHH

POCCHHHe 5IBJI5IeTC5I ,ll.ocraToll'

HLIM OCHOBaHHeM,ll.JI5InpH3Hl\'

HH5I 3aKOHHOCTH HaXO>K,ll.efHLH

Ha ,ll.aHHoH TeppHTopHH C Ul:-

JIbIO npO>KHBaHH5I>:>H, COBceM

HHTepeCHO C IOpH,ll.WreCKOI~i

TOt.IKH 3peHH5I, «HaJIO)KHTb

apeCT, H3b5ITb He3aKOHHO npH-

06peTeHHYIO HeJIeraJIbHbIMH

HMMHrpaHTaMH c06CT13eH-

HOCTb 13rrOJIb3Y rOCY,ll.apCT13a.

PaCTOprHYTb ,ll.OroBopbI 06

apeH,ll.e 3eMJIH~. O,ll.HaKO He

rrOMellIaeT H «YCTaHOBHTb ne-

pet.IeHb rrpoepeCCHH, He06xoJ(H-

MbIX ,ll.JI5I HYJK,ll. Ka)K,ll.Oro pe-

rHOI-Ia, C03,ll.aTbKBaJIYIepHI{aUH-

OHHbIe KOMHCCHH~. To eCTb,

rrOJIYLJ:aeTC5I,He BceX-TaKH 6y-

,ll.eM,ll.errOpTHpOBaTb, a TOJIbKO

HeHYJKHLIX?

B Tpe60BaHH5IX, KOHeLJ:HO,

MbI Orr5ITL HaXOJ(IIM 03a60LJ:eH-

HOCTbt.IHCTOTOHPYCCKOro 5I3bI-

Ka H He06xo,ll.HMOCTb CTPorHX

3K3aMeHOB (OH, He HaKJIHKaJm

6bI Ha CBOlOrOJIOBY!). Ho P5I-

,ll.OMeCTb II npel~JIO>KeHH5Irro-

cepbe3Hee: OrpaHH'leHHe 6pa-

KOB C mrop0J(uaMH, BBeJ(eI-IHe

OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH3a HeJ(OHece-

tIHe Ha npOJKHBaHHe HMMH-

rpaHToB HJIH J(a)Ke 3a OKa3a-

mIe HM YCJIyr H -- TOJIbKOMbI

Bpo,ll.e nOH5IJIH, t.leM 3aJ(at.IHJ(JI5I

ueJIeH OTJIWlaIOTC5I OT Tpe60-

BaHHH, - 3HaKOMoe no rrpe-

,ll.bI,ll.Yli(et'IPy6p!'IKe: «CM5Ir'lHTb

HaKa3aHYI51)~JI5I rpa)KJ(aH Poc-

CIIH, CJIHIllKOM aKTHBHOBbICTY-

nHBIllI1X npoTHB npecTYIlJIeHHH

HeJIeraJIbHbIX HMMHrpaHToB H

HeBOJIeHI-IapYllII1BllIIIX HbIHellI-

Hee POCcIIHcKoe 3aKOHOJ(aTeJIb-

CTBO~.

H y, a KaK BeHeIJ,Bcero 3TO-

ro - Tpe60BaI-IHe «coJ(et'IcT-

BOBaTb cKopeHllIeMY npHH5I-

TIIIO 3aKOHOB, I-IanpaBJIeHHbIX

Ha npeKpali(eHHe J(YXOBI-IOHH

ep113Ht.IecKoH ,ll.erpaJ(aIJ,H11IW-

peHHbIx Hap0,ll.OB POCCHH, Ha

3ali(HTY Tpa,ll.HIJ,HOHHbIX IJ,eH-

HocTeH~. TOJIbKO KaK )Ke

6bITb C «TpaJ(HIJ,HOHHbIMH

IJ,eHHOCT5IMH~ 13 KOHTeKCTe

BbIIlleII3JIO>KeHHbIX HJ(eH ,ll.0-

HOCIITeJIbCTBa 11CYJ(OBJIHwla

KaK He06xo,ll.HMbIX HOpM JK113-

HH PyccKoro LJ:eJIOBeKa?

IIpaB)J,a II 3aKoH

3aMeTHM OJ(HY06li(YIO TeH-

,ll.eIIIJ,HIO Bcex 3THX Tpe60Ba-

mIH, IJ,eJIeHH 3a,ll.at.I. I10CT05IH-

HO nOJ(LJ:epKHBaeTC5IHCKJIIOlIH-

TeJIbHa5I 3aKOHOrrOCJIYIIHIOCTb

aBTopOB, rrpaBJ(a, C3TaKHM KPII-

TWIeCKHM nOJ(XOJ(OM,KOTOPbIH

,ll.OJIJKeH YJIYt.IlUHTb POCCYIH-

CKHe 3aKOHLI, 3aCTaBJ1Tb HHO-

p0,ll.IJ,eB HX YBaJKaTb, a MIIJII1-

IJ,mo ,ll.eHCTBOBaTb 13 HY)KHOM

KJIIOt.Ie.He CJIyt.lat'mo J1TO, LJ:TO,

HeCMOTp5IHa 5IBHOeHerrpJ15ITHe

BcerOlIYJKep0,ll.HOrO VI npOTH-

BonOCTaBJIeHHe 3TOMY J1CTHH-

HO PYCCKOro, a13TopbIcat'ITa Ha-

CTaHBaIOT Ha 60pb6e HlvreHHOC

«HeJIeraJIaMH>:>... 3aOJ(IIO rrpeJ(-

JIara5I y6paTbC5I 11 BceM OC-

TaJIbHbIM (<<KHTat'rIJ,aMH ,ll.PY-

rHM BbIX01~uaM H3 BOCTOt.IHOH

EBporrbI~ - BOT TaKa5I reo-

rpacpl'I5I) .

TOH cat'rra, HeCMOTp5I

Ha 3TO, 3a,ll.aIOT «rrOJIOJKH-

TeJIbHbIe~ rrpHMepbI H3 Py6pH-

KH «XpmHIKa HallIeCTBH5I~

(BcrrOMHHM: «ECJIH BJIaCTI1 He

MorYT rrOCTaBHTb Ha MeCTO3a-

pBaBllIHXC5I HeJIeraJIOB, TO 3a

3TO 6epYTC5I MeCTHbIe JKHTe-

,JIH~), npH3bIBbI K C03J(aHI1IO 3

37

06m.eHlIe C Hap0,[l,OM

nOB, KOTOPYlO HY)KHO pe-

lliaTb, -- npOKypOPbl ,Ll,On)KHbl

cnYllIaTb ITpe3H,Ll,eHTa!>,>

CO)KaneHHIO, TPY,LIHOCTH HaM

C03,Ll,aIOTTe, '-lbIO pa60TY Mbl 11

npHHIJ.Hrre 13bIIIOJIH51eM,-

rrpaBooxpaHHTenbHble opraIIbl

H a,LIMHHHCTpaIJ.H51>'>.Bo06IIJ.C,

3ara,Ll,OLIHblHKOOp,LIHHCLTOpBCC

13peM51rrO,Ll,'-Iepl<YIBaeT:«Mbl HC

CTpa,LIaeM Mal-meP'I BenHLIH51 VI

He HaMepeHbl ,rraBaTb rrHlI(Y

nJI51 rrpOKypopOB. 2leJla}ITC

13bIBO,Ll,blcaMH - KTO co6paJI

mO,LIeH, KTO npHrnaCHJI "ITa-

M51Tb" H PHE, H T. ,LI.>'>.

HeCMOTp51 Ha Bce 3TH 5113-

Hble, YBbl, HeJIa,rrbl C 3aKOHOM,

3aCTa13n51IOlirHe,LIa)Ke 13epxyw-

Ky 2lITH11 YXO,LIHTb 13rrO,LIIlO-

JIbe, YTBep)K,LIcLeTC51,LITO<?MHO-

nle H3 copaTHHKOBi> 2lBH)Ke-

HH51 <?51Bn51IOTC51COTPY,L(HHKa-

MH rrpa1300xpaHHTeJIbHblX op-

raHOB, a HeKOTopble pa60TalOT

na)Ke 13a,Ll,MHHHCTpalum ITpe-

3H,Ll,eHTai>.

130JIeeToro, KaKYIO 6bl O'-le-

13H,LIHYIOOKoneCHIJ.Y HH CO,LIep-

)KaJIH MaTepHanbl caHTa, CKonb-

KO 6bl KceHoep06HH l'I Me)K3THH-

'-leCKot"l HeHaBHCTl'I HH BbIlwe-

CKl'IBMH Ol-IHHa LIl'ITaTeJI5I,13Ka-

LIeCTBe 06pa3IJ.a ,LIJI51 rrO,LIpa)Ka-

HH51 13 ,Ll,ene 60Pb6bl C l'IMMH-

rpaHTaMl'I H, MO)KHOCKa3aTb, PY-

JIeBOrO HeO,Ll,HOKpaTHOrrpl'IBO-

,LIl'ITC51npe3H,LIel-IT B. B. ITy-

Tl'IH. <?Kor,LIanpe3l'I,LIeHT ITYTHH

3a5113fl5leT0 np06JIeMe Henera-

M06l'InbHb1X OTp51,rr013,rrpOBe-

neHHIO <?MaCCOBbIXaKIJ.l'IHi>, He

r0130p51 Y)K 0 TpOraTeJIbHOH

oneKe Ha,L( rpa)K,LIaHaMH,

<?CJIHllIKOM aKTIIBHO BbICTY-

IlIIBllIIIMII npOTIIB rrpecTyrrne-

HIIP'I l-IeJIeraJIbHbIX HMMHrpaH-

1'013H He130ne}I HapYllIIIBllIHMH

HbIHeWHee POCCIIP'ICKoe3aKO-

HO,LIaTenbCTBOi>.

AprYMel-ITHpYlOTC51 3TII rro-

rpOMHble l-IaCTpOeHl'!5l 6e3YM-

I-IbIM, HH Ha '-IeM He OCHOBaH-

HblM 3a5113JrCHHeM2lBl'l}KeHl'I51

01' 14 HIOn510 <?TblCWlax POC-

CII51H, y6HTblx HeneraJlbHblMH

HMMIIrpaliTaMHi>, <?MHonlX H3-

HaCIIJI013aHHblX MaJIOneTHl'IX

,LIeT51XKopeHHblX )KHTeJleP'I» H

npyrHMH HCTepH'-IeCKHMH 13bl-

rra,LIaMH, 51BHOorrpoBepraIOIIJ.H-

MH npoB03r JIameHHblH aBTO-

paMH Te3HC: «ITpaB,Ll,a H 3a-

KOH Ha Hameti CTOpOl-Ie>,>.

11 Y)K COBceM Bpa3pe3 C

3THM 3a5113JleHHeMH,LIeTHHTep-

BbIO r JIa13HOrO KOOp,LIHHaTOpa

2lBH)Kemm, ,rraHHoe51K06bl KOp-

pecrroH,LIeHTY d13BecTHH>,>, HO

ra3eTO}I He ony6nl'IKOBaHHoe.

Ha caHTe 2lITH11 OHO BbIBe-

meHO rro,Ll, rraTenl'-IeCKHM Ha-

3BaHHeM <?PYCCKHe HMeIOT

rrpaBO Ha caMo060pOHY». Ko-

0p,LIHHaTOp rrpe,Ll,rrOLIHTaeT He

YKa3bmaTb CBoero HMeHH, 06b-

5lCH515131'0 TaK: «K rny60KOMY36

rrOMO)KeT H,Ll,e51M2lBH)KeHl'I51.

TOnbKO BOT HHTepeCHa51

TpaHCepOpMaIJ.l'I51: Ha rrpe,Ll,na-

raeMOP'I rOTOBOP'IKHOrrO'-IKe Ha-

3Bal-me CaP'ITaMel-meTC51,Bl'I,Ll,HO

,Ll,n51KpaTKOCTH, H rrpeBpanraeT-

BCTymITb 13 2lBH)KeHl'Ie, C51H3 <?21BYl}KemlerrpOTl'IB He-

OKa3bIBaeTC51, O'-IeHb rrpOCTO. neranbHOP'l HMMHrpaIJ.l'Il'Ii> rrpo-

Ha,Ll,o TOnbKO HamICaTb 3a51B- CTO13<?21BYI)KeHHe3a 2lerropTa-

neHl'Ie, 3arrOnHl'ITb aHKeTY H IJ.HIOi>.13e3 rr051CHel-UIH - KO-

OTOCnaTb ee 13IliTa6. Ho rrpl'I- roo

eM He rapaHTl'IpyeTC51 - a LITO OT,Ll,enbHble H HaH60nee

HMeHHO Mo)KeT rrOMewaTb lWH y6e,Ll,HTenbl-lble BblcKa3bIBaHH51

rrOMO'-Ib rrpHeMY, ,Ll,Ora,Ll,aTbC51rrocenneJIeP'r py6pHKH <,<1>0-

HeTpY,Ll,HO,CTOHTTOJIbKO rrpo- PYMi> (a Hl-Ior,Ll,a,rroxo)Ke, rrpo-

cMoTpeTb rrYHKTbI aHKeTbl: Ha- CTOero X0351eB) c06paHbl 1301'-

IJ.HOHanbHocTb, 13epOIIcrrOBe,Ll,a- ,Ll,enbHblP'I«IJ.l'ITaTHHKi> nO,LrHa-

l-me, cepII51 H HOMep rracrropTa, 3BaHHeM «CnoBo Hap0,Ll,a0 He-

oc06ble HaBbIKH... 3aTO, Y)K neranbl-IOP'I HMMHrpaIJ.HH H Ha-

BCTyrrHB, MO)KHO,Ll,enaTbO'-IeHb weM ,Ll,BII)KeHHHi>. He Y,Ll,HBH-

MHoroe -- 01' pacrrpoCTpaHe- Tenbl-IO, LITO «Cn0130i> Bcer,Ll,a

HH51nHCTOBOK,Ll,0Mano JIH LIe- OLIeHb HenaCKOBoe ,Ll,n51l'IMMII-

ro ... A, HeT, LIl'ITaeM ,Ll,anbllIe: rpaHTo13 H ,Ll,0130JIbHOneCTHoe

<?Cepbe3Hble ,Ll,eHCTBH51He06- ,Ll,n51X0351eB. 2lPynle )Ke cnOBa

XO,Ll,HMOcornaCOBbIBaTb C UeH- Ha ,Ll,l'IBO6blCTPO <?rrpoIlanbIBa-

TpanbHblM IliTa60M 2lBH)Ke- IOTC51i>C epoPYMa, ,L(a6bIHe 13130-

HH51i>.A TO KaK )Ke OHH HHa'-le ,Ll,HTbHHKoro 13HCKYllIeHHe. Ho

nOTOM 6y,rrYT Tpe60BaTb 13awe- no'-mTaTb II 31'0 rrone3HO, Be,Ll,b,

ro OCB060)K,Ll,eHH51H CM51r'-le- 3Ha51KOMrrneKCbl H np06neMbl

HH51cpOKa HaKa3aHH51? rrpOCTblX mO,LIeH, l'I Bnp51Mb

O,LIHaKO,LIeHbrHMO)KHOne- l'IHOr,LIaOXOTHOnOMep)KHBaIO-

peLIl'ICnHTb H He BCTyna51. B IIJ.HX He,LIaneKYIO W013HHHCTH-

py6pHKe <?ITOMOIIJ.b 2lBH)Ke- LIeCKYIOPl'ITOPl1KY, nerLIe C 3TH-

HHIOi> rrO,LIp06HO H3JIO)KeHO, MH 5l13neHII51MH 60POTbC51. A

KaK 31'0 c,LIenaTb. A MO)KHO 60POTbC51He06xo,LIHMO, H '-IeM

rrpOCTO rrOCTaBIITb 6al-IHep 60nbllIe LIHTaellib 31'01' caHT,I caiITa fla CBoli caliT, 31'0 TO)l{e TeM 31'0 naHOBHTCH1100WlIec.

___________________________________.1••••••••••••••• iiiiiii__ .-.1:1:1 ~M;;·.;;~=-======= =_=_ __

38

He Haxo.n.5I BI1HOBaTblX B CBO-

eM lIO.n.'IaC.n.eHCTBI1TeJIbHO6e.n.-CTBeHHOM rrOJIO)KeHI1I1, Hapo.n.

rpYCTHT 11He.n.oYMeBaeT: ~ITo-

'-IeMY K HaM e.n.eT O.n.HOOTpe-

6be?:;> 11 Y)KaCbI BC5IKI1e eMY

MepeIIIaTC5I: «B 06IIIeM, cpe.n.-

HeBeKOBa5I TYPlU15I Ha TeJIe

Pet>:;>. K TOMY )Ke Y coce.n.a

Bcer.n.a Bce Ka)KeTC5I JIY'-IllIe,

'-IeM Y ce65I, H, rJI5I.n.HllIb, BbI5IC-

H5IeTC5I, '-ITO ~rrO'IeMY-TO B

CIliA HI1KrO He YLJ.HBJI5IerC5I

TOMY, '-ITOHeJIeraJIOBB LJ.BaUle-

ra ca)J;5ITB 06e3b5IHHHKH H LJ.e-rropnIpYIOT 6e3 rrpaBa Bbe3.n.a

B crpaHY B 6YLJ.YIIIeM:;>.BOT 6bI

H Y Hac, .n.YMaeT rrOCenITeJIb

epOPYMa, ~CaLJ.ITJII1:;>6bI TaK B

~06e3b5IHI-IHKH:;>,H )KHTb CTaJIO

6bI JIY'-Ime.

MHO rITe paCCY)K.n.eHH5IHC-

KpemIHe, B ::nOM-ro 11HaLJ.OBI1-

.n.eTb yrp03Y, a He B XI1rpOBa-

rbIX, XOTb 11 rJIyrroBarbIX,

I1LJ.eOJIorax caHTa. BOT KTO-TO

ceTyer, 'ITO, He rrOJIb3yt'IC5I MbI

Bce LJ.emeBoH pa60'IeH CHJIOH

I1MMHrpaHTOB, OHI16bI H caMH

y6paJIHCb. A MbI I1X CaMI1, 113-

3a c06CTBeHHOH )Ka.n.I-IOCTI1

pa3BOLJ.HM,~JII1mb 6hI C3KOHO-

MI1Tb rrapy 6aKCOB I-Ia pa6-

CKOM TPy.n.e I-IeJIeraJIOB:;>.3I-Ia-

'-IHr, 3I-IaeT HapOLJ.rrpo pa6CKI1H

rpy.n.? 3I-Ia'-IHr, He Bce HeJIera-

JIbI B MepCeLJ.ecax, 0 'IeM HaM

TBep.n.5IT BO Bcex py6pHKax

caHTa? He.n.ocJIe.n.I1JI ~rrporra

JIbIBaTeJIb JIOrrYXOB»!

ITOBTOPI1MC5I,3TI1-TO HaHIl

HbIe ~rrporOBopKH:;> rryraIO'l'

60JIbme, 'IeM CTpamHJIKH, paco

CTaBJIeHl-Ible TYT 11TaM, 5IBHO('

YMbICJIOM H HeIWTopOH JIOnl'

KOt'r. B35ITb XOT5I 6hI BbI3Ball~

myIO Bce06IIIHt'I CO'-IY13CTBeu0

HbIH OTKJII1K HCTOPHlO 06 all)

raHlle- KBaPTI1pOCbeMU( vlKe, a

TO'-IHee, 0 BbmaBmeH H3 ero

OKHa Ha rrOLJ.OKOHHHKrrO'-ITeI-l-

Horo KOpel-IHOrO PyccKoro

rpa)K,lI,aHI1Ha rrpOCTITTYTKC

(npoITCXO)K.n.eHlIe He1I3BeCr-

HO). ~5I 6bI TO eure HWlero, HO

3Ta mJIIOxa pa36Y,lI,HJIa MOlO

MaJIeHbKYIO .n.O'Ib:;>, - B03MY-

UraeTC5I KopeHHOH PYCCKI1H

)K11TeJIb, .n.O'-Ib KOToporo C Tex

rrop CTpa.n.aeT HO'-IHbIMH KOIlI-

MapaMII. HeJIb35I He CorJIa-

CI1TbC5I, I1CTOPH5I rpycTHa5I,

OC06el-IHO eCJII1 Y'IeCTb, 'ITO

rrO,ll,6I1paTb C rro.n.OKOHHI1Ka

«TeTIO:;>OH He CTaJI H aHa I1C-

l[e3JIa 3a OKHOM ~B HO'II1:;>.Ho

rIOLJ.o6Hble HCTOPI1I1 Ka)KLJ.blt'I

pa3 cOrrpOBO)KLJ.aIOTC5IOTBeTa-

MI1 Y3HaBaeMoro rro CHIJIIO

~COBeT'-nrKa:;>,KOTOPblt'I nOJ~bI-

TO)KHBaeT KaK-HYI6YLJ.bBpo.n.e:

«BO-BO, TaKoe 6bI ceMeHcTBo

rrOCeJIHTb 13 coce.n.I1 K KA:>K-

,l(OMY, KTO 3.n.eChpaccY)KLJ.a-

eT 0 ,,13bIcOKOKBaJIHcjJI111HPO-

Bal-IHOH pa60'-Iet'I CHJIe" 11"Ha-

llHOHaJIbHOM paBeHcTBe"! >,'>

KaK rOBOpHTC5I, OTBeT He Ha

13onpoc, HO rro cym;eCTBY!

MHOfHe LJ.pyme coo6IIIe-

H115IHarrpaBJIeHbI Ha rrpeoLJ.O-

JIeH11e HallHOHaJIbHhIX KOM-

IweKCOB «<PYCCKHe YMeIOT

BoeBaTb, CTpOlHb KOCMH'-Ie-

CKHe Kopa6JIH H aTOMHble

nOLJ.BOLJ.HbleJIOLJ.K11!:;>- Ot'I, He

HaLJ.O6bI npo BoeBaTb H npo

nOLJ.BOLJ.HbleJIOLJ.K11!)- 11KaK

BbIBOLJ.,cpa3Y H 6e3 nepexo.n.a:

~PYCCKHe, pO)KaHTe 60JIbme

.n.eTeH H BocnHTbIBaHTe 11X 13

npaBHJIbHOM HallHOHaJIbHOM

LJ.yxe! CJIABA POCCI1I1!:;>

Ha et>opYMe TaK)Ke noCTO-

5IHHO nOLJ.'-IepK11BaeTC5IMbICJIb

a TOM, '-ITO ,l(BH)KeHHe LJ.eHCT-

ByeT H c06HpaeTC5I LJ.eHCTBO-

BaTb TOJIbKO 13 paMKax 3aKO-

Ha. TaK H rOBOpHTC5I: «MbI 3a

3TO, 3a c06JIIO,ll,eHHe 3aKO-

HOB!! !:;>11, Orr5ITb )Ke, He 6y.n.bTO TYT, TO TaM rrporOBopOK 0

BoopY)KeHHOM corrpOTHBJIe-

HHH, .n.aa HeC013epmeHCTBe3a-

KOHOB, ,lI,a0 CHH)KeIIHH CpOKOB

HaKa3aHI15I, TaK 6bI H nOBepHJI

3TOMY, ,lI,a H XO'-IeTC5IBe,ll,h Be-

P11Tb!

XO'-IeTC5I BepHTb, '-ITO, KaK

H11CTpal-IHO, y'-IaCTIIHKH ,l(B11-

)KeHH5I, Ha CJIOBaX 130BC5IKOM

CJIY'Iae, pemWreJIbHO npOTlm

Taro, '-ITOOr-IHHa3bIBaIOT «my-

B11HH3MOM:;>(3TOT HeOJIOrH3M

HeOLJ.HOKpaTIIO BCTpe'IaeTC5I

Ha cat'ITe). HeKOTopbIe ,lI,a)Ke

C'-IIITaIOT, '-ITO, OKa3bIBaeTC5I,

«I136IIBaTb '-IepHbIX Ha y JIHllaX

HII K '-IeMY xopOllIeMY He npH-

BO.n.I1T, II ,lI,eJI<1TbHX )KH3Hb

CJIQ)KHee TO)Ke He HY)KHO...

eCJIIr MbI BCTpeTIIM apM5IHIIHa

13 AHr JIIIII, TaK CKopeH Bcero

CMO)KeM 6bITb .n.PY3b5IMII!:;>,

BbIBOLJ.,3aKOHHbIt'I rrpWleM, ro-

TOB: .n.errOpTlrpOBaTh Bcex II

CKorrOM, 11Ha'-Ie,lI,eJIYHe rrOMO-

)KellIb. 0rrbIT 3arra,ll,HbIX KOJI-

JIer (TaKIIX )Ke «3aKOHHII-

KOB:;» rrpIIBO,ll,HTC5IrrOCT05IHHO,

H C 60JIbllIHM YBa)KeH11eM.

«IT pHMepHO Ha TaKOH )Ke

rrJIaTcjJopMe meJI :>KaH MaplI

.lIe ITeH 130et>paHll11H, 113a IIe-

ro rrporOJIOCOBaJI11nO'-IT1120%JI5IryrueK! CaMoe r JIaBI-IOe :no

Bcex 3T11X 6aH.n.lor BblrI-IaTh C

rr11HKOMrro,ll, 3a.n. IT rrpIT 3TOM

C06JIIO.n.aTb rrOJIHTWlecKYlo

-------~--~~ --.'l!l\!!i!c"""-

4

,llBH)I(etIHe npoTI'm HeJIe-

raJIbHot'I HMMHrpaUHII, KeM 6bl

OHO Ha caMOM ,ll,eJIe HH rro,ll,-

,ll,ep)I(HBaJIOCb 11 KeM 6bI HH

¢HHaHCIIpOBaJIOCb, OTpa)I(aeT,

K CO)I(aJIeHIIIO, Maccy Ol.feHb

pacrrpOCTpaHeHHblX cTepeOTH-

rrOB H rrpe,ll,paCCY,ll,KOB, CTpallI-

HbIe 5I3BbI B C03HaHHH HallIero

PbIi> (KOfO rrO,ll,,ll,ep)I(HBaeT Ha

BbI60pax 3TO ,llBII)I(etIHe, a

K01'O HeT, ra,ll,aTb ,ll,OJIro He

rrpIIXO,ll,HTC5I), HH TeM 60JIee

,,~aTepHaJIbl ,ll,Jl5I rrporra1'aH-

,ll,bIi>. IIOCJIe,ll,HHe 3aHHMa-

TeJIbHbl JIHllIb TeM, '-ITO rrpe,ll.-

JIaraeMble ,ll,JI}Ipa3HblX pe1'HO-

HOB JIHCTOBKH COBrra,ll,aIOT ao-CJl06'HO, TOJlbKO B HeKOTopbIX

HarrHcaHO: «Y,ll,apHblM OTp}I-

,ll,OM IIH03eMHot'l 3KcrraHCHlI

51BJI}IlOTC}I BblXO,ll,Ubl H3 KaB-

Ka3CKHX rOCY,ll,apCTBi>, a B Ile-

KOTOPblX CTOHT "BbIXO,ll,IIbI II3

KHTa5Ii>, B O,ll,tUlX: "E)I(eMe-

C5Il.fHO MHOrOMHJIJIIIOHHa5I

KaBKa3CKa5I ,ll,lIacfropa rrepe-

BO,ll,IIT orpOMHble CYMMbl (,ll,0

1 MJIP,ll, ,ll,OJIJIapoB) K ce6e Ha

PO,ll,HHYi>, a B ,ll,PyrHx -

"MHorOTbIC5ILIlIaH KHTat'I-

CKa5Ii> 11 B KHTaH, rrpHl.feM

Orr5ITb ,ll,0 1 MJIP,ll, ,ll,OJIJIa-

pOB - BH,ll,HO, Ha B31'JI5I,ll, aB-

TOpOB, KHTaMUbI pa60TaIOT

3Hep1'Hl.fHee!

)I(e 11 TYT JI51rrbl CJIY'-laIOTC51.

TaK, HarrplIMep, B aBrycTe rr051-

BIIJIOCb co06rueHIIe 0 TOM, '-ITO

B IIpare IIHOCTpaHeu y611JI HO-

)KOM rrOJIHueMCK01'O H paHIIJI B

MeTpo rraCCa)KHpOB, - BOT

rrYCKaM K ce6e 3TIIX HHOCTpaH-

ueB! A HeCKOJIbKHMH ,ll,H51MH

rr03)I(e rrpecce CTaJIO 1I3BeCTHO,

l.fTO HHoCTpaHeu OKa3aJIC51

PYCCKHM ... Ho 3Ta IIH¢opMa-

UII51 Ha caHT rrO'-IeMY-TO Y)I(e

He norraJIa.

Py6pHKa ,,3aKOHbIi> ny6-

JII'lKyeT P}I,ll, "rrpaBHJIbHbIX»

3aKOHOB, Ha KOTopbIe Ha,ll,O

paBH}ITbC51 HallIeMY 3aKOHO,ll,a-

TeJIbCTBY. 11 reorpa¢lI}I TaKa51

3HClKOMa}I: 3aKOHbI Bee CTaB-

pOrrOJIbCKHe, ,ll,a KpaCHO,ll,ap-

CKHe, ,ll,a rrapa JIY)I(KOBCKO-MO-

CKOBCKIIX. 5ICHO, C Koro Ha,ll,O

rrpHMep 6paTb.

HaKOHeu, py6pHKa ,,11c-

CJIe,ll,OBaHlI5Ii> rrpe,ll,JIaraeT 60-

1'aTbIt'l Bbl60p cTaTeH, B oc-

HOB HOM rrOCB}IrueHHblX ,,1'e-

HOUII,ll,Yi> 11 «BbIMHpaHIIIOi>

PYCCKoro Hap0,ll,a, '-IT06bl He-

06XO,ll,HMOCTb ,ll,eHCTBOBaTb

CTaJIa erue HarJI5I,ll,HeH. Ho

3TO Y)I( CKYl.fHO. IIOCMOTpHTe

ra3eTbI HallIlIX KpaHHe rrpa-

BbIX, H BbI rrO'-lTH 6e3 113MeHe-

HIIM HaH,ll,eTe Bce TO )I(e ca-

Moe. He HHTepeCHbl B 3TOM

CMbICJIe HH Py6PIIKH «Bbl60-

BOHCTlIHY, Bee 3TO 6bIJIO

6bl CMellIHO, eCJIII 6bl He 6bIJIO

TaK rpYCTI-IO ...

II pOJIIICTaeM 6blCTpellbl(o

,ll,PyrlIe Py6PIIKH, Be,ll,b II Tal,

Y)I(e MHoroe CTClJIO 51CHO 0

rrpHpO,ll,e ,llIIH11, ,ll,a)Ke KOM'

MeHTHpOBaTb rro'l

TII HeLlero. 3TII

MHorOCTpcllUI'-IHhl(\

TPY ,ll,bl rIbITaIOTC~1

rrO,ll,BeCHI ,,3aKOII

IlYlOi> H HHTeJIJIeK

TyaJlbl-lYID 6a3y

no,ll, Bce BbIlueH:l

JIQ)KetU:IOe.

Py6plIKa "MvlpOBble HOBOCTH»

3HaKOMHT '-IHT<1'

TeJI51 C OrrbITO~1

3ana,ll,HblX CTpaJ I,

onI1pa51Cb Ha I1X

,ll,elkTBIITeJIbHo 60

raTYIO rrpaKTIIK'y

MaCCOBblX ,ll,errop~

TaUHt'l lIMMII1'paHTOB, a TaK)K(,

npIIBO,ll,IIT npHMepbl 6ec'

'-IlIHCTB 11 KplIMIIHaJIbHblX ,ll,e}I'

HlIM lIMMlI1'paHToB 3a Py6cq

)I(OM. II plIMepbI ,ll,erropTaUlIoll'

HOM rrOJIIITlIKlI eBporreMCKHX

cTpaH, YBbl, nO'-ITII BCer,ll,CI

rrpaB,ll,HBble - HO 3TO pa3ro'

BOp OC06blM. C KplIMlIHaJIOM

KoppeKTHocTbl i> KaK CO'-le-

TaTb 1I3rHaHHe ~C rrlIHKOM rrO,ll,

3a,ll,i> C rrOJIlITH'-leCKOM KOp-

peKTHOCTbID, BH,ll,HO, Ha,ll,O Y

~JI51rYllIeKi> crrpallIHBaTb, He

HHal.fe. (O,ll,HaKO ,ll,PyroM Y'-Ia-

CTHHK ,ll,I1CKYCCl1I1rrO,ll,l.fepK:HBa-

eT: «,llJI51 He O'-IeHb Yl"IHblX 3a-

Me'-IY, '-ITO 3TO He I1MeeT IUI'-IerO

06uJ,ero C "JII13aHI1eM 3a,ll,HI1Ubl

3aml,ll,y"». IIPH-

,ll,eTC51 BepI1Tb Ha

CJIOBO... )

,lleMorpacp:H'-Ie-

CKa51 C¥ITyaUH51 B

CTpaHe, H Brrp51Mb

HeBeCeJIcill, CBO,ll,I1T-

C51 ,ll,JI51 rOCTeM

«<D0PYMai> K rrpo-

6JIeMaM MlIrpaUIII1,

H 3TOM rrp06JIeMe

rrOCB51rueHO HeMa-

JIO MeCTa. Be,ll,b

~KOHKpeTHO Y Hac

l.fYPKII pa3MHO)I(a-

IOTC51TOJIbKO-TOJIb-

KO MlIrpaUlIeM.

~eCTHoe HaeeJIe-

HlIe pa3MHO)I(aeTC51 eCTeCTBeH-

HblM crrOC060Mi>, rpycTlIT O,ll,lIH

1I3 rroCeTlITeJIeM. A pa3 Y)K OHII

He MorYT pa3MHO)I(aTbC51 ~ec-

TeCTBeHHblM crrOC060Mi>, TO Ha-

,ll,0 "BeCTII ce651 rrO-l.feJIOBel.fe-

CKII - CTaHOBIITbC51 PYCCKlI-

MII, KaK EarpaTHOH, IIYllIKlIH 11

T. ,ll,.i>.40

IIPOEJIEMbI ~blrAH-EE)I{EH~EB

06llJ,ecTBa. fOBOp5I 0 rrOJIO)Ke-

mUI MMrpaHTOB B HameR

cTpaHe, He06xo,Ll,MMOrroHMMaTb,

KaKa5I yrp03a TaHTC5I B pac-

rrpocTpaHemUI 9THX B3r JI5I,LI,OB,

H pal{MOHaJIbHYlo 60pb6y C

51 paCCKa)KY 0 Tex TPY,LI,HO-

curx, C KOTOPbIMII CTaJIKHBaeT-

C5I MHrpHpYIOliree lrbIraHCKoe

HaCeJIeI-IHe EBpOrrbI.

Kor,Ll,a pe'Ib H,LI,eT0 6e)KeH-

l{ax, MHe BCrrOi\-UIHaeTC5IO,Ll,MH

3aMe'IaTeJIbHbIH rpY3HHCKIIH

rrpaB03allJ,IITHIIK, KOTOPbIH B

1992 ro,Ll,Ye3,L1,HJIrro BceM rrpa-

B03aIIJ;HTHbIM KOH¢epeHl{IUIM.

3TOT 'IeJIOBeK Ka)K,LI,OMY,KTO

rOTOB 6bIJI BbICJIYllIaTb, paccKa-

3bIBaJI 0 Tpare,lJ:I-Ilf MecxeTIIH-

l{eB (HX Ha3bIBaIOT TaK)Ke TYP-

KII-MeCXeTIIHl{bI). Mx rrOJIO)Ke-

HIIe B KpaCHO,Ll,apcKoM Kpae

Terrepb rrOJIY'IHJIO HeKoToPYIO

II3BeCTHOCTb 6JIaro,Ll,ap5I %Me-

MOpHaJIY~· A B TO BpeM5I, rro-

CJIe pacrra,Ll,a COBeTCI{Qro Coro-

3a, MaJIO KOMY 6bIJIO H3BeCTHO

06 IIX 6e,Ll,ax. Tor,Ll,a BcrrblxHY-

JIH Hal{IIOHaJIbHbIe KOH¢JIHK-

TbI, Ha'IaJIHCb rrorpoMbI B <Dep-

raHe, r,Ll,e y6MBaJIH H oTKY,LI,a

BbIHY)K,LI,aJIM 6e)KaTb Mecxe-

THHIreB, 3a rrOJIBeKa,Ll,OToro Ha-

HMMM CTaBMTb B O,Ll,MH p5I,LI, ('

,LI,PyrMMM rrpMopMTeTHbIMM 3Clc

,LI,a'IaMH rroMOllJ,H 6e)KeHIlaM H

HMMMrpaHTaM.

1\If. COa.i\tmi

CMJIbCTBeI-IHO nepeCeJIeHHbIX

M3 fpY3HII B Y36eKHcTaH. OmlBepHYJIHCb B fpY3HIO, TaM IIX

BHaqaJIe rrpHH5IJIH, HO rrOTOMH

OTTY,LI,a BbIrHaJIlI. B KOHl{e

KOHl{OB OHH rrpIIUlJIH B Kpac-

HO,Ll,apCKlIHKpat'I, r,Ll,errOrraJIlI B

OTeIMHHOe rrOJfO)KeI-IHe: MeCT-

HbIe BJIaCTH C03,L1,aJIH,LI,JI5IHHX

'ITO-TO BpO,Ll,ereTTO, B KOTOPOM

MHorHe H3 HHX HaXO,Ll,5ITC5I,LI,O

CHX rrop. 3TOT rpY3HHCKMH

rrpaB03allJ,MTHMK e3,L1,HJIM BceM

06b5ICH5IJI, 'lITO Tpare,Ll,M5IMec-

XeTMHl{eB - 9TO Tpare,Ll,M5I

fpY3HH. OH rOBOpMJI, 'ITO, 6e-

)KeHl{bI-MeCXeTI-IHl{bI - rrp06-

HbIH KaMeHb H eCJIMfPY3H5I He

CMO)KeTpellIHTb MX rrp06JIeMY,

TO HMKOr,Ll,aHe 6Y,LI,eTB HeH HH

,LI,eMOKpaTMH, HM rYMaHHO-

ro 06llJ,ecTBa. ,l(eHcTBMTeJIbHO,

9TO 6bIJI KaKoR-To rrepeJIOM-

HbIR MOMeHT, KOr,Ll,aellJ,e MO)K-

HO 6bIJIO 'ITO-TO pemMTb rro-

'IeJIOBeeIeCKH. K CO)KaJIeHHIO,

O'IeHb qaCTO TaKHe rrpOTHBO-

pe'IM5I He rrpeO,Ll,OJIeBaIOTC5I

6JIarOrrOJIY'IHO BOBpeM5I, M B

l(aJIbHeHllIeM, KaK MbI 3HaeM,

pa3BHTIfe ,LI,eMOKpaTlfl-IeCKOro

06llJ,eCTBa - If B fpY3HH, M B

lwyrMx 6bIBllIHX pecrry6JIM-

Kax COI03a - rrpOHCXO,Ll,IfJIO

VI rrpOHCXO,Ll,MTrrJIOxo.

UbIraHe - 9TO M3BeeIHbIH

np06Hbr:it KaMeHb: eCJIlTKoro M

MQ}KrIO Ha3BaTb 6e)KeHl{aMIf,

TaK 9TO l{bIraH. EOJIee

1000 JIeT Ha3a,Ll,OHIf 6bIJIM If3-

OIaHbI M3 MH,LI,lTlTM CKHTaIOTC5I

rIO MHPY, Be3,L1,e M Bcer,Ll,aOCTa-

Ba5ICb6e)KeHl{aMIf. 3TO rrpOYIC-

XO,Ll,lTTrrOTOMY, 'ITO OHH He ac-

CHMMJIMPYIOTC5IB rrOJIlIOH Mepe

H Bcer,Ll,aOCTaIOTC5IcaMHMH CO-

60H. OTHOllIeI-Ilfe K l{bIraHaM

CJIY)KlTTCBoero p0,Ll,a6apoMeT-

POM: B 06llJ,eCTBe, r,Ll,e YMeHb-

llIaeTC5I TeprrMMOCTb, HeMe,n:-

JIeIH-IOYXY,LI,llIaeTC5IM OTHOllIe-

HHe K l{bIraHaM, TaM )Ke, r,Ll,e

M,LI,eTrYMaHlT3al{M5I 06llJ,eCTBa,

onIOllIeHMe K HMM YJIYeIllIaeTC5I

M OHH MorYT MHTerpHpOBaTbC5I

6e3 rrOJIHOHYTpaTbI ce65I H ac-

CHMHJI5Il{HH. II09TOMY pOCT

aHTHl{bIraHCKHX HaCTpOeI-IlfH,

OTKa3 rrpHH5ITb H rro.n:.n:ep)KaTb

9THX 'l3CeM'IY)KHX, HO TaKHX Ha

caMOM ,LI,eJIerrPMBbIeIHbIX JIIO-

,LI,eH,LI,OJI)I<:eHBocrrpIfHHMaTbC5I

B JII060M 06llJ,eCTBe KaK Tpe-

BO)KHbIH CHrHaJI.

CerO,Ll,H5I ,LI,eC5ITKHTbIC5I'I

l{bIraH B EBpOrre HY)K,LI,aIOTC5I

B y6e)KHllJ,e. IIpo6JIeMa JIera-

JIM3al{MM MHrpaHTOB M 6e)KeH-

l{eB rrO-npe)I{HeMY Tpe6yeT

pa3pellIeHM5I. Me)K,LI,Y TeM BCe

eUre HeT HM O,Ll,HOHCTpaHbI, r,Ll,e

6bI rrpHe3)KaIOllJ,HM MJIH rrOCTO-

5IHHO )KHBYULMM l{bIraHaM HH-

KOr,Ll,a He rrpe,Ll,JIaraJIM yexaTb

KY,LI,a-mI6Y,LI,belue.

M05I HH¢OpMal{M5I - H3

,LI,BYX HCTOelHHKOB:TO, 'ITO 5I 6y-

,LI,Y rOBopHTb 0 3arra,Ll,HOH H

UeI-ITpaJIbHOH EBporre, MHe H3-

BeCTHO lI3 rry6JIIIKal{HH EBpO-

rreHCKoro l{eI-ITpa no 3allIHTe

rrpaB lLbIraH (UeHTp HaXO,Ll,lIT-

C5IB EY,LI,arremTe, HO Ha6JIIo,Ll,a-

TeJIM pa60TaIOT BO MHOflIX

cTpaHax EBponbI), TO)Ke, 'ITO 5I

C00611IY 0 cluyal{lIH B P<D, -

pe3YJIbTaT MOlIX Ha6JIIO,LI,eHMHII

Ha6JIIO,LI,eHlIHMOMX KOJIJIer no

rrpoeKTY MOHlITopMHra C06JIIO-

,LI,eHH5IrrpaB l{bIraH B POCClIH-

CKOM<De,Ll,epal{lIH.

fOBOp5I 0 l{bIraHax - 6e-

)I{eHl{ax M3 UeHTpaJIbHOH EB-

porrbI, Ha,Ll,Orrpe,Ll,CTaBJI5ITbce-

6e, B KaKOM rrOJIO)KeHHlI OKa-

3aJIHCb 9TH JIIO,Ll,M,BbIHY)K,LI,eH-

HbIe rrOKHHYTb CTpaHbI, r,Ll,eHX

rrpe,Ll,KM)KHJIlI Y)Ke COTmI JIeT.

B HeKOTopbIX CTpaHax l{bIraH

O'IeHb MHoro: B PYMbIHHlI, Ha-

rrpHMep, ,LI,Ba C rrOJIOBlIHOH 43

MHJIJIHOHa, B KpOIIIe'IHOM CJIO-

BaKHH 600 TbIC5FI, B EOJIra-

pHYI 700 TbIC5FI. HecMoTp5I Ha

TO, LITO JJ;bIraHCKHe c006meCT-

Ba B 3THX MaJIeHbKHX CTpaHaX

HeBep05ITHO 60JIbIIIHe, JJ;bIraHe

He npH3HaHW nOJIHOnpaBHW-

MH LIJIeHa~UI 06meCTBa, OHO HX

OTBepraeT. 3TO npHBo,n:HT no-

pOI-i K CTpaIIIHbIM C06bITH5IM,

TaKHM KaK norpOMbI - Ha-

npHl"lep, B PYMbUIHH, Kor,n:a

MeCTHble )IUITeJIH HanaJIH Ha

nOCeJIeHHe IIbIraH, Haxo,n:HB-

IIIeeC5I TaM ,n:eC5ITKH JIeT, H

CTepJIH ero C JIHJJ;a 3eMJIH;

60JIbIIIa5I LIaCTb )KHTeJle:t'I 6bI-

JIa y6lua, OCTaJlbHble 6e)KaJIH

B JIec, Haxo,n:5ImlIMC5I p5I,n:OM. B

LIexHH ,n:o He,n:aBI-IerO BpeMeHH

IIblraHe He Mor JIH XO,n:IITb no

YJIIIJJ;e, He onaCa5ICb Hana,n:e-

HH5I CO CTOPOHbI HeOHaJJ;HCT-

Clm HaCTpoeHHbIX MOJIO,n:bIX

JIIo,n:eM, CKHHxe,n:OB. B 1990-e

ro,n:bI no 1.IexHH npOKaTHJIaCb

orpOMHa5I BOJIHa CKHHxe,n:CKO-

ro HaCHJIH5I, Kor,n:a y6HBaJIH

,n:eTe:t'I, Kor,n:a B,n:eC5ITepOM Ha-

rra.n:aJIH Ha O.ll:HOrO; y6HMCTBO

JJ;blraH CTaJIO y CKHHxe,n:OB

cBoe06pa3HoM HHHJJ;HaJJ;He:t'r.

He MeHee TparH'IHO CKJIa-

.ll:bIBaJIaCb cHTyaJJ;H5I H B BeHr-

PHH, r,n:e 6YJIb,n:03epOM CPbIJIH

,n:Be ,n:epeBHH; 6e)KeHJJ;bI H3

3THX ,n:epeBeHb OTnpaBHJIHCb

BO <DpaHJJ;HIO H nepe.ll: EBpO-

neMCKHM CY.ll:OM ,n:OJIro ,n:06H-

BaJIHCb nOJIY'IeHH5I cTaTyca

6e)KeHJJ;eB. IIo-HacT05ImeMY

Y)lG:1CHO:t'I craJIa cy,n:b6a MHO-

nIX JJ;blraH B 6 bIB IIIe:t'1 IOro-

CJIaBHH, r.ll:e OHH nOnaJIH B KO-

JIeco Me)l(3TI-Il'ILleCKoro KOH-

epJIHKTa. B KOCOBO, B XO.ll:e

CTOJIKHOBeHH:t'[ Me)Kt~y cep6a-

MH H aJI6aIll(aJ\lH, l~blraHe, KO-

Topble 6bIJIH 6mDKe ccp6aM,

CTaJIH )KepTBaMH HaClIJIH5I CO

CroPOIlbI aJl6a IILleB, 1000 Lle-

JIOBeK 6bIJIO y6mo, 100 TbICWI

6e)KaJIO II nOJIY'IllJlO BpeMCIl-

Hoe y6e)KllIIIe B ,n:pyrllx crpa-

Hax. MHonle H3 HllX B fepMa-

HHll H ACCTpHH IIOJlY<IHJIll

CTaTYC 6C)KeHIICB npHMepHO

Ha TpH ro.n:a. l.Iepc3 TpH ro,n:a

BJlaCTll 3TH X CTpaH CO<IJlll, LITO

np06JIeMbI B KOCOBO peIIIeHbI

II MO)KHO Bcex B03BpamaTb Ha

MeCTO. lleJIbIMH CeMb5IMll ,n:e-

nopTllpOBaJlH IIbIraH 06panw

Ha EaJIKaHbI, Ty,n:a, r,n:e llX

On5ITb OTKa3bIBaJIllCb npll-

H5ITb. EBpone:t'ICKllM JJ;eHTp no

npaBaM JJ;blraH 06b5IBHJI,lITO

ero npHHJJ;llnllaJIbHa5I n031I-

JJ;ll5I no 3TOMY Bonpocy TaKO-

Ba: Bce KOCOBCKHe JJ;blrmle,

Ha XO.ll:5ImHeC5I BHe KOCOBO,

,n:OJI)KHbI nOJIycrllTb CTaTYC 6e-

)KeHJJ;eB B TOM cTpaHe, r,n:e OlfH

naXO.ll:5ITC5I, TaK KaK HX )Kll3Hb

OKa)KeTC5I B onacHocTll, eCJIll

OHII 6y,n:YT BbIHY)K,n:eHbI Bep-

HYTbC5I.

LITO KaCaeTC5I crpaH 3ana,n:-

HOM EBponbI, TO llX nOJIllTllKa

no OTHOIIIeHllIO K JJ;blraHaM-6e-

)KeHJJ;aM orrpe,n:eJI5IeTC5I llMeHIlO

He)[(eJIaHlleM rrpllH5ITb rrpe,n:CTa-

BllTeJIeM 3Toro rOHllMoro MeHb-

IIIllHCTBa, rro,n:BepraromllXC5I

onaCHOCTll B JJ;eHTpaJIbHOeBpo-

neMCKllX CTpaHax. TaKoe OTHO-

,QeMOHCTpal..\II1H s nOHAoHe

s 3all\II1TY l..\blraH - 6e>t<eHl..\eB

111380CT04HOVi Esponbi

IIIeHHe OTLleTJIHBO npOCJIe)KH-

BaeTC5I He TOJIbKO B nOJIHTHKe

fepMaHHH II ABCTpHH, HO H B He

MeHbIIIeM CTeneHH B vITaJIHH, ,n:a

H B .n:pyrHx CTpaHax D1eHreH-

CKOro COrJIaIIIeHH5I. B 2002 ro-

,n:y B pacIIIHpmOIIIlIMC5I EBpO-

ne:t'IcluIM COI03 BOIIIJIH CJIOBa-

K1I5I, PYMbIHlI5I II errre HeCKOJIb-

KO cTpaH. I1x rpa)K,n:aHe nOJIY-

LIHJIII npaBo 6e3BH30Boro Bbe3-

,n:a BO Bce cTpaHbI EBpocOIo3a.

TeM He MeHee npe,n:-

CTaBYITeJIH O,n:HOM

rpynnbI 3THX rpa)K-

,n:aH Ha ,n:eJIe OKa3bI-

BaIOTC5l 3a'IaCTYIO

JIHIIIeHHbIMH 3Toro

rrpaBa, - norpa-

HWIHllKll He OTpllJJ;a-

IOT, 'ITO Bce ,n:eJIO B

llX HaIIllOHaJlbHO-

CTH. B HaLlaJIe

2002 ro,n:a npll

Bbe3,n:e B :vITaJIllIO

6bIJI 3a,n:ep)KaH BMe-

CTe C ceMbeM rpa)K-

,n:aHllH PYMbIHllll,

npwIeM, 3Ha5I, O<Ie-

Bll.ll:HO, 0 B03MO)K-

HbIX rrp06JIeMaX Ha

rpaHllIIe, 3TOT creJlO-

BeK Bce )Ke oepop-

MIIJl llTaJIb5IHCKlle

Bll3bI, XOT5I HMeJI

npaBo Ha 6e3Bll30-

BbIM Bbe3.ll:. Ha BO-

npOCbI npaB03aIUl1THl1KOB 0

nplT'II1HaX 3a.uep:>KaHI15I 3TOH

CeMbl1 I1Taflb5IHCKl1enOrpaH}~I-

JUIKI1OTBenWI1 He Ta5ICb: ~3TI1

mo.u11 BbI3bIBaIOT no.u03peHHe,

TaK KaK OHH lIbIraHe~.

3TOT cflyqaH Onl1CaH B

:>KypHafle ~ITpaBa pOMa~, B

CnelIl1aflbHO nOCB5IIUeHHOM

rrp06fleMe HMMHrpalImr B EB-

porry BbUIYCKe no.u 3ar flamIeM

~KperrOCTb EBpona~. TaM )Ke

orry6JIHKOBaH HHTepecHbIH .uo-

KYMeHT: npe.urrHcaJIHe HaLIaflb-

HHKa Ml1rpalIl10HHOH cflY:>K6bI

BeflHK06pl'ITaH11H, Tpe6YIOInee

OT CflY)Kam11X oc06eHHo TUIa-

TeflbHoH npOBepKI1 TaIG'IX-TO

flwIHocTeH, - B LIHCfle npo-

LI11XHa3BaHbI flIO.u11, KOTopbIe

30BYTC5I3THWIeCKI1M11IIbIrcula-

M11,ynOM5IHYTbITaK:>KeTa~IHflbI,

Kyp.ubI 11 T. .u. Ho, KaK rrpa-

B11flbHO rr11IIIYT a.uBOKaTbI 113

EBporreHCKoro lIeJITpa npaB

pOMa, HaLI110HaflbHOCTb lIblraH

Tenepb 06bILIHO He YKa3bIBaeT-

C5IB rracrropTe 11npe.un11CaIIHe

06paIUaTb BH11Mamre Ha lIbIraH

rrpoBolI11pyeT paC113M, a npe.u-

flO:>KeH11eonpe.uefl11Tb Ha r fla3,

KTOlIblraH, a KTO He lIbIraH, He

MO>KeTC'-II1TaTbC5I3aKOHHbIM.

Bce :>KeB EBpone pa3B11Ba-

IOTC5InpaBOBbIe 11HCT11TYTbI,no-

3BOJI5IIOIU11e3aIU11IUaTb npaBa

HalI110HaflbHbIX MeHbIIIHHCTB 11

6e:>KeHlIeB. O.u}IH 113TaKI1X 11H-

CT11TYTOB- EBpOneHCK11Hcy.u

B CTpac6ypre. B EBponeHCKOM

cy.ue 6bWO BbI11rpaHO, Hanp11-

Mep, .ueflO rrpOT11BEeflbrYII1 06

o.uHoBpeMeHHoH .uenopTalI1111

SO lIblraII. B cooTBeTcTBYIO-

IUeH eBponeHcKoH KOHBeHlI1111

eCTbrryHKT, 3arrpeUraIOIU11t'Il\IaC-

COBYIO.uerrOpTalIl'IIO: BblCbwaTb

MO>KHOTOflbKO HH.uI1BH.uyaflb-

HO. CeMbe, KOTOpa5IBbulrpafla

.ueflO, 6bwa BbIfIJIa'IeHa KOMneH-

calIl·I5l. Cet'rLlac T5IHeTC5ITaKOH

:>Ke npolIecc nponIB I1TaJIH11,

KOTOPM .uerropnrpOBaJla cpa3Y

HeCKOJlbKO COTeH afl6aHcKHx

IIblrarL

XOT5r no HeKOTopbIM OlIeH-

KaM 92% eBpOrreHCK11XlIblraH

Be.uYT oce.uflbIt'r 06pa3 :>K113H11,

MHOr11eH3 HHX Bce :>KeCKflOH-

HbI K MHrpalI11l1, 3Tl1M flIO.u5IM

HeCflO:>KHO6bICTPO CH5ITbC5I C

MeCTa 11Ky.ua-To nepeexaTb. B

cOBpeMeJIHot'r POCCI1I1He OCTa-

flOCb KOLIeBbIX lIblraH, o.uuaKO

MHorue LIaCTO rrepee3)KaIOT B

n011CKaX 3apa60TKOB. Bce lIbI-

raHe, KOTOPbIXMbI BI1.uHMB ro-

po.uax H .uepeBH5IX, - 3TO

mo.uH, r.ue-TO rrpOrrl1CaUHbIe.

KpOMe lIbIraH - POCC11H-

CKI1X rpa:>K.uaH B P<D MHoro

lIbIraH H3 pecrry6fll1K 6bIBIIIe-

ro CCCP: Ta.u:>KI1K11CTaHa,

Y36eK11CTaHa, MOfl.uamIH, C

KaprraT. 3TO rro.uB11)KHbIe,MO-

6HflbHbIe rpynrrbI HaCefleHl'I5l,

11X He O'IeHb MHoro, HO OHH

3aMeTHbI H y HeKOTopbIX BbI-

3bIBaIOT :>KeflaJIHe cpa3Y 11X

3aKJIeHM11Tb, B LleM-TO 06mr-

HHTb.

B 2002 ro.uy B MapTe, a 3a-

TeM B 11IOJIe - aBrYCTe npo-

IIIfl11 .uBe MHJI11lIeHCKHeonepa-

lIHI1, IIIHpOKO pa3peKflaM11pO-

BaHHbIe npeccoH. ITepBa5I Ha-

3bIBaflaCb ~Ta60p~, BTOpa5I

~Ta60p-2~ - Ha3BaH11e, .ufl5I

M11fll1lIeHCIWH orrepalIl'II1 He-

rrp}WWIHoe: 3TO KaK ecmr 6bI B

.upyroH cTpaHe onepalIH5I Ha-

3bIBaJlaCb ~06IU11Ha~ . Be.ub

Ta60p - 3TO He Ha3BaHHe

KaKot'r -fl1160 KpHM11HaflbHot'r

rpyrrrr11pOBK11 11 Bo06IUe He

Ha3BaH11e'lero-JII160 He3aKOH-

Horo, a fl11IIIb 0603Ha'leHHe

Tpa.uHlII10HHOH 60flbWOt'I lIbI-

raHcKoH CeMbl1 11fl11 KflaHa.

Tpa.ul1lI110HHOrO 06pa3a :>K113-

H11,c06cTBeHHo rOBOp5I.

M11fl11lI110HepbI OXOTHO

.uaBafl11 :>KypHaflHcTaM 11HTep-

BbIO 06 orrepalIl111 ~Ta60p~,

06b5ICH5IflH, 'ITO OHa HarrpaB-

fleHa npOTYIB M11rpHpYIOIUI1X

rpynrr lIbIraH, 'lTO 06flaBbI 6y-

.uYT npOBo.uHTbC5I Ha BOK3a-

JIax H B MeCTax CKOrrfleH115I

rpa:>K.uaH 3TOH KaTerOp11H 11

'lTO 6y.ueT rrpOBe.ueHa HX rro-

rOflOBHa5I .uaKT11flOCKOrrl15I

(HerrOH5ITHO, Ha KaKOM OCHO-

BaHI1Y!: BH.uHMO, npOCTO Ha.uo

Bcex Y'leCTb, pa3 OJIH lIbI-

raHe). EIUe HHTepeCHee 6bWO

3a5IBfleHI1e MHJII1lIl1I1 0 TOM,

LITO rrpl1I-IHMaeMbIe eIO MepbI

6y.uYT TaK:>Ke HarrpaBfleHbI

nponIB Tex, KTO .uaeT lIblra-

HaM yKpbITYre HflH OKa3bIBaeT

rro.u.uep)KKY. 3c15IBfl5IflOCb, 'lTO

B rrpOTHBHOM CflY'Iae Hapo.u-

Hblt'r nleB rrpOpBeTC5I caM, 6e3

rrOMoIUH MHfl11lIHH. B HeKOTO-

PbIX MeCTax OH HaLIaJI .ueikT-

B11TeflbHO rrpopbIBaTbC5I, HO

6bIJI nOXO>K He Ha Hapo.uHbIH

fHeB, a Ha opraHM30BaHHoe,

KOlvlY-TO HY:>KHOe .uetIcT-

BMe - TaK, 60flbIIIYIO aKTHB-

HOCTb npOHBHflO rro OTHOIIIe-

HHlO K IIblrauaM LLB11)KeI-Hre

rrpOTHB HefleraflbHo:t'r MMrpa-

IIMM. ITpe.uCTaBHTeflH LLBM:>Ke-

HI1H YTBep:>K.uaIOT, 'lTO OH11

no.u.uep)Kafll1 rrpowe.uLIII1e B

C116HpM B 11IOfle - aBrYCTe

2002 ro.ua CTHX11HI-IbleaHT11-

lIblraI-ICKHe .ueHcTBHH H MH-

T11Hf11 - 3aMeLlY: I-IeJIeraJIb-

HbIe, Hepa3peweHHble MHTI1H-

rH, C npH3bIBoM PYW11Tbrroce-

fleHHH npHiliJIbIX lIblfau, KO-

TOPbIX BflaCTb ue MotJla BbI-

ceflHTb, rrOTOMYLITO3TH mo.uH

3aIWHHO KynHfl11 CBOH.uOMa.

~HCKYCCHH HA CEMHHAPE

48

UblraHaM - rpa:>K,n,aHaM

HallIeM CTpaHbI 01IeHb TPy,n,HO

r,n,e-JUI60 rrOJIY1UITb y6e:>K:mue

H HaMTH pellIeHHe CBOHX lIa-

CYIUHbIX rrp06JIeM; eIUe MeHb-

llIe llIaHCOB Y Tex, KTO Haxo-

,n,HTC5IB Cpe,n,HeM A3HH, Kap-

rraTax H MOJI,n,aBHHH KTO 6bIJI

6bI pa,n,K HaM 6e)KaTb, HO Koro

TO)Ke JIOB5IT, BbICbIJIaIOT H ca-

:>KaJOT.5I 3HaIO CJIY'-IaH, Kor,n,a

UblraH TOJIbKO 3a TO, '-ITO OIIH

Haxo,n,HJIHCb B POCCHMCKOM

<De,n,epaUHH6e3 perHCTpa.l(I1H,

rrp0,Ll,ep:>KaJIH B H30JI5ITOpe

30 ,LI,HeM.

nOCJIe Toro KaK 6blJIH c,n,e-

JIaHbl ,n,OKJIa,n,bI,Ha'-IaJIOCb 06-

cY:>K,n,eHHepa3JIH'-IHbIX Bonpo-

COB, CB5I3aHHbIX C TeMot"l

ceMHHapa. B '-IaCTHOCTH,B XO-

,n,e,n,HCKYCCHH6bIJI rro,n,H5ITBO-

rrpoc 0 cy,n,b6e npe,n,CTaBHTe-

JIeMorrrr03HUHH H3 CTpaH CRr,

rrbITaIOIUHXC5I HaMTH B POCCHH

3aIUHTY OT rrpeCJIe,n,oBaHHM

BJIaCT5IMHCBOHXCTpaH. qacTo

3anpocbI Ha 3a,Ll,ep:>KaIUleH BbI-

,n,a'-lY TaKHX 6e:>KeHueB pac-

cMaTpHBaIOTC5I POCCHMCKHMH

rrpaBooXparIHTeJIbHblMH opra-

HaMH KaK ~:i3HYTpeHHHe~, T. e.

BbI,n,a'-Ia '-IeJIOBeKa B O,n,HY H3

5I B03BpaIUaIOCb K HalIaJIY

Moero ,n,0I<JIa,Ll,a , K 06pa3Y

rrp06Horo KaMH5I: rrOKa MbI,

eBporreMcKoe 06IUecTBo, 06-

IUeCTBO Ka)K,LI,OMCTpaHbI H BO-

06IUe Bcero MHpa, TaK H 6y-

,n,eM BbIHY:>K,n,aTb9THX TbIC5I-

'-IeJIeTHHX 6e)KeHueB K Be'-IHO-

MY 6ercTBY H K He06xo,n,HMO-

CTH 6eCKOHe'-IHO cKpNBaTbC5I

OT rrpeCJIe,Ll,OBaHH5I, MbI He

,n,OJI:>KHbIoc060 060JIbIUaTbC5I

Ha C'-IeT CBoero rYMaHH3Ma H

,n,elVlOKpanl3Ma.

C. KYJlaeea

CTpaH CRr BOCllpHHHMaeTC5I

KaK rrepe,n,alfa CBOHM KOJIJIe-

raM, - TOT cPaKT, '-ITO 9TO

,n,pyroe rOCY,Ll,apCTBO,POJIH He

HrpaeT. MMeJIH MeCTO TaK:>Ke

CJIYlfaH rrpO,Ll,a)KH6e)KeHueB B

,n,pyrHe rocy,n,apCTBa, Kor,n,a

POCCHMCKHe MHJIHUHOHepbI

1l0JIYlfaJIH ,LI,eHbrH OT CBOHX

3apy6e)KHbIX KOJIJIer 3a BbI,n,a-

'-IY no,n,03peBaeMbIX. O,n,HaIW

06bI'-IHO B TaKHX CJIY'-Ia5IX ,n,o-CTaTO'-IHOJIerKO opraHH30BaTb

lIepe3 YBK5 IIpe,n,OCTaBJIeI-IHe

y6e)KHIUa B CTpaHax 3arra,n,-

I-lOM EBPOllbI. Ko r,n,a pe'-Ib

H,n,eT 0 POCCYlMCKHXrpa)K,n,a-

Hax, rrpouecc rrpe,n,OCTaBJIe-

HH5I y6e:>KHIUa Ha 3arra,n,e 3a-

T5IrHBaeTC5I H KpaMHe pe,Ll,KO

y,n,aeTC5I ,n,06HTbC5I rrOJIO)KH-

TeJIbHOrO pe3Y JIbTaTa. O'-IeHb

60JIbillHe rrp06JIeMbI B03HHKa-

lOT C rrOJIY'-IeHHeM cTaTyca 6e-

:>KeHua y '-le'-IeHueB, TaK KaK

CTapaI-Ul5IMH POCCHMCKoro ro-

cy,n,apCTBa Ha 3ana,n,e C03J(all

BeCbMa HeraTHBHbJl:i HMH,n,)K

9TOM 9THH'-IeCIWM rpynIIbl.

CnJIOllIb H p5I,n,OMBCTpe'-IaIOT-

C5I rrpHMepbl 6IOpOKpaTWle-

CKOM BOJIOKHTN CO CTOPOHN

,n,HnJIOMaTH'-IeCKHX npe,Ll,CTa-

BHTeJIbCTB 3ana,n,HoeBpOlleM-

CKHX rocy,n,apCTB.

MHTepec ay,n,HTopHH Bbl-

3BaJIa ,LI,e5ITeJIbHOCTbUeI-lTpa

a,Ll,arrTaUHH H 06Y'-IeHH5I ,n,Jl5I

,n,eTeM6e:>KeHueB IIpH KOMHTe-

Te ~rpa)K,n,aHCKOe co,n,eMCT-

Bl'Ie~. B UeHTpe 3aHHMaIOTC5I

OKOJIO30 Y'-IeHHKOB, XOT5I :>Ke-JIaIOIUHX ropa3,n,0 60JIbllle.

)'leTH 6e)KelIueB He Bcer,n,a

HMeIOT B03MO:>KHOCTbXO,Ll,HTb

B IlIKOJIY, TaK KaK MOCKOBCKHe

BJIaCTH OcPHUHaJlblIO 3arrpenl-

JIH rrpHeM B llIKOJlY ,n,eTet:lHe-

rrporrHcaHHbIX po,n,HTeJIet:l; B

JII060M CJIY'-Iae OT llIKOJI Tpe-

6YIOT H3BeIUaTb opraHbI BIIYT-

peHHHX ,n,eJI0 po,n,HTeJI5IX, He

HMeIOIUHX perHCTpaUHH. Ko-

r,Ll,a)Ke y,n,aeTC5I,n,06HTbC5Ino-

cTyrIJIeHH5I pe6eHKa B llIKOJIY

BonpeKH BOJIeee PYKOBo,n,cTBa,

,n,JI5I pe6eHKa C03,L1,aJOTC5IHe-

BbIHOCHMble YCJIOBH5I.

r JIaBHa5I 3a,Ll,a'-Ia UeH-

Tpa - COUHaJIbHO-nCHXOJIO-

rH'-IeCKa5I a,n,arrTaUH5I ,n,eTeM H

1l0,n,POCTKOB-6e:>KeHueBH no,n,-

rOTOBKa K IIpo,n,OJI)KeHHIO

y'-Ie6bI B llIKOJle. Kor,n,a pe6e-

HOK ,LI,OrOI-I5:!eTHJIH ,l(a)Ke orre-

pe)lZaeT no ypOBHIO 3HaI-IHM

CBOHX 6Y,Ll,YIUHX o,n,HOKJIaCC-

I-II'lKOB B 06bI'-IHOt"[ IlIKOJIe, y

Hero pe3KO rrOBbIllIaeTC5I ca-

MOOueI-IIZa, OH CTaHOBHTC5IMe-

Hee '-IYBCTBHTeJIbHbIM K B03-

MO)lUlbIM IIpeCJIe,Ll,OBaHH5IM C

HX CTOPOHbI. KpQl\le Toro, B

UeHTpe y pe6eHKa B03HHKaeT

CB05I cpe,n,a H, COOTBeTCTBeHHO,

IlIKOJIbHa5I cpe,n,a CTaHOBHTC}I

,n,JI5I Hero MeHee 3Ha'-IHMOlI,

'-ITO oruYIUaIOT H ,LI,pynle y'-Ie-

HHKH. K CO:>KaJIeHHIO, OrrblT

UeHTpa YI-IHKaJIeH ,n,JI5I POC-

CHH, ,n,pyrHx TaKHX OpraI-IIBa-

UHM y'-IaCTHHKH ,l(HCKYCCHH

rrpHIIOMHHTb He CMOrJIH.

n paB03aIUIlTHbIM opraHH-

3aIlH5IM, pa60TaIOIUHM C 6e-

:>KeHuaMH H MeHbIlIHHCTBaMH,

'-IaCTO HeJIerKO HaMnI HY)K-

Hble Ka,n,pbI, oc06eHI-1O IOPH-

CTOB. 3TH Tpy,n,HOCTH 06y-

CJIOBJIeHbI I-Ie TOJIbKO He,n,o-

CTaTKOMcPHHaHCHpOBaHH5I, lIO

IIoi)po61lee C i)eRmeJlb1l0CmblO KO.MUmema ~TpaJKi)all-CKoe coi)eucm6ue~ U cemu ~MUl.pau,UR U npa6o~, C .Mame-puaJla.Mu ce.MUllap06, npo6oi)U.MblX amu.MU Opl.allU3au,uR.MUno npa606bl.M U Ullbl.M npo6Jle.Ma.M 6eJKellu,e6 U 6bl1-lYJKi)ell-llblX nepeceJlellu,e6, U i)pyl.OU Jlumepamypou no i)allllou me-.Me.MOJK1l0031laKO.MUmbCR6 6u6JluomeKe nemep6YPl.CKOl.O~M e.MopuaJla~.

11CTpaXOM JUO,l(eMrrepe,l( B03-

MQ)KHbIMl1 rrpeCJIe,l(OBaHl15I-

MIL TIo::nOMY TIU «MeMopl1-

aJI:;>,Harrpl1Mep, rrpe,l(rrO'-II1TaeT

6paTbC5I 3a Ha1160JIeeBa)KI-IbIe,

rrpeue,l(eHTI-IbIe ,l(eJIa. TIpH

::nOM ycrrexH 3aIUHTbI Ha npo-

ueccax rrpOTl1B 6e)KeI-IueB H

rrpe,l(CTaBlUeJIet'I MeI-IbllIl1I-ICTB,

KaKl1Ml1 6bI Ha,l(YMaIII-IbIMH HH

6bIJIH 06BIHIeHH5I, KaK npamI-

JIO, OqeHb OrpaHHqeHI-IW. Bpewrat'IIlIHX CJIY'-Ia5IXy,n:aeTC5I

,l(06HTbC5I HarrpaBneI-IH5I ,l(eJIa

Ha ,l(OCJIe,l(OBaHl1e - rrOCJIe

qero OHO 06bI'-mo HHKor ,[(a He

B03BpaII(aeTC5I B CY,l(. '-lame

Bcero rrO,l(CY,l(l1MbIMrrOJIY'-IaeT

CPOK «,l(0 oT6bIToro» H OCBO-

6Q)K,l«1eTC5IB 3ane cY,l(a. l(a-

)[{e rrpH OqeBH,l(HOM aJII16l'I,

HanH'-IHH CBH,l(eTeJIeMH T. rr.

qeJIOBeKa Bce paBHO rrpH3Ha-

lOT BHHOBHbIM. TIpH 9TOM JUO-

,l(H '-IaCTO rrOrra,l(alOT IIa CKa-

MblO rrO,l(CY,l(l1MbIX rro cepa6-

pHKOBaHI-IbIM 06mmeI-IH-

5IM - rrpOCTO rrOTOMY, '-ITO

eCTb YKa3aHl1e BJIaCTet'I «O'-IH-

CTHTb MOCKBY OT qe'-IeHueB:;>,

a IIaH60JIee Y,l(06HbIt'r crroc06

C,l(eJIaTb9TO ,l(JI5IMHJIHUHH ce-

rO,l(H5I COCTOHTB TOM, qT06bI

rrO,l(6pOCHTb'-IeJIOBeKYHapKo-

THKl1 H rroca,l(HTb ero 3a pe-

rneTKY Ha l\1I-I0rYre MeC5II(bI

HJIH ,l(a)Ke rO,l(bI. B e,l(HI-IHq-

HbIX CJIY'-Ia5IX 9Tl1 KOM6HI-ra-

UHH cpbIBalOTC5I 6JIaro,l(ap5I

C03HaTeJIbHOCTH corpa)[{,l(aH,

KOTopbIe He 605ITC5I BMelllaTb-

C5I B npouecc «rrpOBepKH ,l(0-

KYMeHTOB:;> l1JIH «o6bICKa:;>.

O,l(HaKO TaKHe rrpHMepbI

KpaMHe pe,l(Kl1 H3-3a rraCCHB-

HOCTH POCCYIMCKoro 06u_(e-

CTBa.

HaKOHeu, Cpe,l(H npHCYT-

CTBYlOmHX pa3rOpeJIC5I crrop

no Bonpocy 0 IIaUJIY'-IIlUIX

crroco6ax rrporraraI-I,l(bI TOJIe-

paHTHOCTU H' 0 B03MO)[{I-IO-

CT5IX ,l(HaJIOra C rrOJIUTH'-Ie-

CKHMl1H H,l(et'n-IbIMHorrrrOHeH-

Ta~nL O,l(I-Il1Y'-IaCTI-UIKHceMH-

I-Iapa naCTaHBanH Ha I-Ie06xo-

,l(HMOCTHnpOBO,l(HTb pa3Horo

po,l(a rry6JIWIHbIe aKUHH H

BCTyrraTb B rrp5IMYIO nOJIel\UI-

KY C rrpOTl1BHHKOM, TaK KaK

TOJIbKO TaKHM crroc060M

MO)[{HO rrpHBJIeqb BHl1MaHl1e

06meCTBeHHOCTl1 K rrp06JIeMe

HeTeprrl1MOCTll: 11 rrpeO,l(OJIeTb

6bITOBOMHaUHOHaJIH3M, npe,l(-

CTaBJI5IIOmHM C060M 6JIaro-

rrpl15ITHYIO rrOLIBY ,l(JI5I ,l(l1C-

Kpl1Ml1HaU110HHot'r npaKTl1KH

co CTOPOHbIBJIaCTeM. l(pyrue

3a5IBJI5IJIU 0 He06xo,n:HMOCTl1

06pamaTbC5I K 1lI11POIWMrry6-

JIl1Ke npe)[{,l(e Bcero C nOMO-

mbIO rre'-IaTHoro CJIOBa. l(Ha-

JIor C KpaMHHMl1 HaIJ.HOHaJIH-

l'TaMH, no HX MneHHIO, ne

TOJIbKO6eCrrOJIe3eH, ITOH Bpe-

/lCH, TaK KaK paUHOHanbHO

()CnOpHTb HX aprYMeHTbI I-Ie-

1l03MO)[{HO: peqb 3,l(eCb H,l(eT,

KaK npaBHJIO, 06 OCHOBaxMH-

pOB033peHH5I, T. e. B KOHe'-I-

IIOM HTore a Borrpocax BepbI,

a He 3HaHH5I. O,l(HaKO Te3HC a

TOM, '-ITO Heo6xo,l(HMO pa6o-

TaTb B IlIKOJIaX - KaK C

,l(eTbMl1, TaK H C rre,l(arora-

MH, - HH Y Koro lIe BbI3BaJI

B03pa)[{eHHM. TIp06JIeMa co-

crOHT JIHlllb B TOM, qTO qeJIO-

Be'-IeCKHXH rrpo'-UIX pecypCOB

,l(JI5ITaKot'r pa60TbI KaTaCTpo-

epH'-IeCKHHe XBaTaeT.

B. Hmarnbe6

1

.lb.F.: .: ••.- -•..: •.•: ::_::....-_~_---~--_--_--~ ~ _

________________________ ~...••.••••••illillllilt.!·f:!_tt 'tr

AHTIIrJIOEAJIII3M - HOBAJI TEMACIIOPOB AHTII<I>AIlIIICTOB

H 6JIH3KO C HHMH COTPY,T];HH-

1.IaIOUrHe.

He rrO,T];JIe)KHTCOMHemHO,

1.ITOCHMrraTHH aHTHepamHcToB

)],OJI)I{HbI6bITb Ha CTopOHe Tex,

KTO 3aIIJ;HIIJ;aeT ereJIOBe1.IeCKoe

)],OCTOHHCTBO,H He Ba)KHO, BbI-

CTyrraIOT JIH OHH 3a KarrHTa-

JIH3JVIHJIH rrpOTHB Hero, KaK

3ana,T];HbleaI-TTHrJI06aJIHCTbI.

TeM He Mel-lee OCTaeTCHHe-

pemeHHOM rrp06JIeMa rrOHCKa

06urero H3bIKa, 06IIJ;ero on-ro-

mel-nIH K npOmJIOMY H 06IIJ;e-

ro rrOHHMaHHH HaCTOHIIJ;ero.

I1MeHHo 9TH TeMbI BOJIHYIOT

3arra)],fIbIX afIHlepamHCTOB. AH-

THepaUII1CTbI06ecrrOKoeHbI Y1.Ia-

CTHeM B aHTHrJI06aJIHCTCKOM

)],BH)I{eI-IYII1pa3JIH~HbIX epamH-

CTCKHXrpynn H opraHH3aU;Ht"r.

cDamHCTOB npHBJIeI{aeT ,T];BH-

)Kel-IHe aHTHr JI06aJIHCTOB, no-

TOMY erTO OHH cerHTaIOT ero

60Pb60M co BceJVmpHbIM 3a-

rOBopoM KaKHX-TO TeMHbIX

CHJI. AHTHrJI06aJIHCTCKOMY

)],BH)KeHHIO rrpe)],cTOI1T ,T];JIH-

TeJIbHaH H Cepbe3l-IaH pa60Ta,

)],JIH Toro erT06bI ou;eHHTb

KpHTHKy B CBOM a,T];pec H 06-

mmeHHH B pacrrpoCTpaHel-II1H

H,T];eMHaU;HOl-IaJIH3Ma H aHHI-

ceMHTH3Ma.

MHorHe Haum 3arra,T];Hble

KOJIJIerH-aHTHepamHcTbI 6bI-

JIM nOpa)KeHbI rrOHBJIeHHeM

ro pa3JIWII1H Me)I{,T];Y BOC-

TO~HOeBpOrreMCKHM (pOCCHM-

CKHM) H 3ana)],HbIM aHTHr JIO-

6aJIH3MOM. Ow-raKO pa3JIWII1e

9TO CTaHOBHTCH 01.IeBH)],HbIM,

eCJIH rrpH paCCMOTpemm H,T];eM

TeX HJIH HHbIX aHTHrJI06aJIH-

CTOB B KaereCTBe caMoro

a)],eKBaTHoro KpHTepHH 6Y,T];eT

BbI6paHO HX OTHomeHHe K

cB060,T];e.

HOBwe rrpaBwe Bpo)],e

AJIeKCaH,T];pa Jlynu-ra HJIH

CTaJIHHHCTbI H3 PKPI1 (Poc-

cHMcKaH KOMMYHHcTHereCKa>I

pa60eraH rrapTHH) H )],pyrHe

KpacHo-KopwuleBble TOBapH-

IIJ;H c~HTaIOT, erTO aHHrr JI06a-

JIH3M - 9TO 60pb6a rrpOTHB

3arra)],Horo rrOHHMamTH CBO-

60,T];bIH 3a BOCKpemefIHe 6bI-

JIOM MOIIJ;HCOBeTCKO}r,T];ep)I{a-

BbI. BH,T];Hble3arra,T];HbleaHTH-

r JI06aJIHCTbI, TaKHe KaK Ka-

Ha,T];CKaHrrHCaTeJIbHHu;a Ha-

OMH KJIeMH HJIH HTaJIbHHCKHM

epHJIOCOepTOHH HerpH, cerHTa-

IOT aHTHr Jro6aJIH3M 60Pb60M

3a CB060)],y H )],eMOKpaTHIO

,T];JIH Bcex JIIo)],eM, 60Pb60M C

,T];aBJIeHHeMMOHOrrOJIHCTOBH

BceMHpHOM 9KCrrJIyaTaU;He}I.

B POCCHH eCTb aHTHr JI06aJIH-

CTbI, pa3,T];eJIHIOIIJ;HenO,T];06Hble

H,T];eaJIbI,eraIIJ;eBcero 9TO JIIO-

)],H, xopomo 3HaKOMble C 3a-

rra,T];HbIMH aHTHr JI06aJIHCTaMH

HamHX KOJIJIer - 3arra,T];HbIX

aHTHepamHcToB. C POCCHM-

CKOM T01.IKH 3peHHH 9Ta ,T];HC-

KYCCHH rrpe)],CTaBJIHeTCH Ma-

JIOrrOHHTHoM, no Kpa}IHeM Me-

pe eCJIH He rrpOBO)],HTb ereTKO-

06 aKryaJIhHOCTII

3TOH: L(I1CKYCCIIII

B rrOCJIe)],HHe rO,T];bIaHTH-

r JI06aJIH3M CTaJI rrpe)],MeTOM

rrOCTOHHHbIX cnopOB Cpe,T];H

54

PYCCK11X HaU:110HaJI11CTOB11

CTaJI11H11CTOBB p5.1~aX aHT11-

rJI06aJI11CTOB Ha ~eMOHCTpa-

U:1111B feHye B rrpOIlIJIOM ro-

~y. Ho He CT011T TaK Y)K

Y~11BJI5.1TbC5.1TOMY, 'ITO POC-

C11HCK11XCTaJIHH11CTOB rrpH-

r JIaC11JI11rrp11H5!Tb Y'IaCT11e B

3T11X BblcTyrrJIeHM5!X: Be~b

113BeCTI-IO,"lITO Ol.IeHb MHOHle

MapKC11CTCKO-JIeHMHCKMe op-

raH113aU:1111aKT11BHOYl.laCTBY-

101' B 3arra~HOM ~BM)KeHH11

aHT11rJI06aJI11CTOB. C ~PyroH

CTOPOHbI, ~B11)KeI-II1e aHTM-

r JI06aJI11CTOB BOBce He IlI11P-

Ma ~JI5.1 KOMMYHMCTI1'-Ie-

CK11X OpraH113aU:11H. Harrpo-

TMB, aHa Hal.laJIOCb KaK 06be-

~11HeH11e ~eMOKpaTH'IeCK11X

rpyrrrr. O~11H 113 OCHOBHbIX

rrp11HU:11rrOB3Toro COI03a -

~cor JIaCHe a Hecor JIaC1111:»,11B

HeM Y)Ke 3aKJIIOl.laeTC5.1np11-

3bIB K 11~eHHOMYIIJlIOpam13MY

11 rrpaKTH"lIeCKOMY COTPY~H11-

'IeCTBY· qT06bI 6bITb aHT11rJIO-

6aJI11CTOM,BaM ~a)Ke He 065.13a-

TeJIbHO Y"lIaCTBOBaTb B aH-

T11rJI06aJI11CTCKHX MHT11HraX

11JIH6bITb 'IJIeHOM 06ru:eH CC-

1'11. 11CXO~5.1 113 rro~06HO-

ro JI116epaJIbHOrO rrOH11Ma-

H115.1rrp06JIeMbI 5.1 XOTeJI 6bI

rrOrOBOp11Tb a HeKOTopbIX 113-

BeCTHbIX MHe epaKTax 11 06-

CT05.1TeJIbCTBaX,KOTopble MHe

rrpe~CTaBJIHIOTC5! Ba)KHbIMH M

3Ha'I11MbIM11.

KOPOTKO 0 3ana,n:HOM

aHTIIrJIo6aJIH3Me

qT06bI rrOH5.1Tb,'ITO TaKOC

aHT11rJI06aJI113M, Ha~o IIpe~-

CTaBJI5.1Tbce6e, 'ITO CT011T 3a

paCIIJIbIBl.laTbIM IIOH5.1T11CM

~r JI06aJIH3aU:115.1:».f JI06aJIH3a-

U:HeHCTaJI11Ha3bIBaTb rrpOl~ecc

3KOHOMH'IeCKOrO06be~HHeHlHI

M11pa, CTaBIlI11H Ol.IeBH~HbIM

IIOCJIe pacrra~a COBeTCKoro

COI03a. AHT11r JI06aJI11CTbIOCY-

)K~aIOT 3arra~Hble KOMrraHHH H

rrpaBHTeJIbCTBa 3a 11X He011M-

rrcp11aJI11CTHl.leCKYIOrrOJI11THKY,

U:CJIbKOTOPOH - JII06bIM rry-

TeM YBeJIH'-IHTb c06CTBeHHYIO

BJIaCTb Ha~ M11POM. IIpOTeCT

aHTHr JI06aJII1CTOB B IIepBYIO

O"lIepC~h BbI3bIBaeT TO, 'ITO

KpyrrHble 3aIIa~Hble KOlVIIIa-

H11H rrepeHeCJIH 3Hal.IHTeJIb-

HYIO "lIaCTb rrp0113BO~CTBa B

CTpaHbI, r~e JIIO~eH Jler'Ie 3KC-

rrJIyaT11pOBaTb, 11 TeM CaMbli\1

BbI3BaJI11 BOJIHY 6C3pa60T11U:bl

B pa3B11TbIX CTpaHax, r~e TPY~

OrrJIa"lI11BaCTC5.1Bblille. KpoMe

Taro, aHT11rJI06aJIHCTOBB03MY-

ru:aeT C11TyaU:H5.1,rrpH KOTOPOH

Hepery JIHpyeMble ~eHe)KHble

rrOTOK11 pacrrpOCTpaH5.1IOTC5I

rro BceMY M11PY, 'ITO Y)Ke He

pa3 rrp11BO~11JIOK 3Ha'IHTeJIb-

IlbIM ep11HaHCOBbIMKpH311CaM,

Il CBOIOO'Iepe~b C03~aBaBIlIHM

COU:11aJIbHYIOHeCTa611JIbHOCTb.

VI HaKOHCU:, aHTHr JI06aJI11CTbI

Ilhlpa)KaIOT CBOIO KpaHHIoIO

ma60'IeHHOCTb rro IIOBO~Y He-

()J[pe~eJIeHHOrO 6y~yru:ero 3a-

'Iil~HOH ~eMOKpaTlnI, IIOCKOJIb-

I<Y OT~eJIbHble ~eMOKpaTH'Ie-

CKHe rocy~apcTBa EBPOIIbI H

I\Mep11K11coe~HHHIOTC5! B EB-

pOrreHCK11H COI03 H NAFTA,

I«)TOpble He C'I11TaIOTC5.1~eMO-

I(paT11'IeCK11MMopraIIH3aU:M5.1-

MH. AHTHr JI06aJI11CTbI TaK)Ke

Kp11THKYIOTYCJIOBH5.1)K113HMB

;lana~HbIX CTpaHax, r~e CTPO-

"a5.1 3KOHOMI1'-IeCKa5.1~11CU:HII-

.JIHHa1111HTepeCbI6H3Heca IIO-

I«lBJI5.1IOT3a60TY a COU:11aJIb-

II.hIX HY)K~aX H KYJIbTYPHbIX

IIOTpe6HOCT5.1XHaCCJIeH115.1.

XapaKTepHOH OC06eHI-IO-

(,ThIO aHT11rJI06aJIH3Ma 5.1BJI5.1-

eTC5! IIPOT11BO~ej;'IcTBHeKaII11-

TaJI11CTH'IeCKHMCTpYI<TypaM 11

()6'he~HHeH115.1M,'IbH U:CHTpbI

paCIIOJI())KCHbI,KaK rrpaB11JIO,B

:liUIa~Hblx cTpaHax - B Ce-

IIcplmH AMCp11Ke H B cTpaHax

;~,lIIa~HoH EBPOIIbI. B oc06eH-

IIOCT1131'0 KacaeTC5.1TaK Ha3bI-

IlaCMbIX mpa1-lCHal~UOl-laJlbHbIX

l«)pnOpa~uu, K KOTOPbIMaHT11-

I"Jl06aJI11CTbIOTHOC5.1TC5.1 KaK K

"JraBHbIM BparaM ~eMOKpa-

THM. B03Myru:eHHe BbI3bIBaIOT

H MHOrO'IHCJIeHHble CJIY'IaH

HeMbICJI11MOH 3KCrrJIyaTarrHH

pa601.II1x B 6e~HbIX CTpaHax

A3H.H, H 6eC'IeJIOBel.IHOey6Hj;'I-

CTBO)KHTeJIeH CTpaH AeppHKH,

HaCeJI5.1IOru:HX3eMJIH, 60raTble

nOJle3HbIMH HCKorraeMbIMH, H

B03paCTaIOII~ee KOJIH'-IeCTBO

HaB5.131.IHBbIXMapKenUlrOBbIX

TeXHOJIOrHH B pa3BHTbIX CTpa-

Hax. C rrOCJIe~HHM XOPOiliO

3HaKOMbI H )KHTeJIH POCCYIH,

r~e ~eMOHCTpaIU-[5[ JII060ro

qmJIbMa no TeJIeBH~eHI1IO ~e-

C5ITbpa3 rrpepbIBaeTC5! peKJIa-

IvIOH, a 3BOH5!ru:ero B cnpaBOl.I-

HYIO CJIY)K6y 3aCTaBJI5!IOTBbI-

CJIYIlIHBaTb KY'IY HeHY)KHbIX

06b5IBJIeHHH.

KpoMe Taro, aHTYlrJI06aJIH-

CTbl OCY)K~aIOT (XOT5! H B

MeHbilieH CTerreHH) TaKHe Me-

)K~YHapO~Hble opraIIH3aU)UI,

KaK MB<D (Me)K~YHapOW-IbIH

BaJIIOTHbIH epOH~) H BceMHp-

HbIH 6aHK, rJIaBHbIM 06pa30M

3a TO, '-ITO 3TH opraHH3arrHH

HaB5I3bIBaIOT 6e~HbIM CTpa-

HaM - CBOHM ~OJI)KHHKaM

c06CTBeHHYIO BOJIIO, orrpe~e-

JI5I5.1 HX 3KOHOMH'-IeCKYIOnOJIH-

THKY, 'ITO Y)Ke He pa3 npHBO-

~HJIO K IIJIa'IeBHbIM ~JI5.1 3THX

CTpaH pe3Y JIbTaTaM. BOJIHe-

HH5!B ApreHT11He B 2001 ro~y

- )KHBOH TOMY rrpHMep. 11 55

MBeD, H BCeMHpHbIM 6aHI{ -

He 6JIaroTBopHTeJIbHble opra-

HH3aI~HH, 3a KaKOBble OHH rro-

pot'r rrbITaIOTC5Ice65I BbI)],aBaTb,

3TO, HarrpOTHB, OprafIJ13a~HH,

CTpeM5IIU;ITeC5IHCKJIIO'-IJ1TeJIb-

HO K )],OCTJ1)KefUUOCBoeM BbI-

rO)],bI H rrOJIY'-IemlIO Bce 60JIb-

lUeM BJIaCTH, 'ITO COOTBeTCTBY-

eT HHTepecaM ¥IX X035IeB -

CTpan 3arra)],a.

AHnlr JI06aJIHCTbI rrpOCJIa-

BHJIHCb rrpe)K)],e Bcero CBOHMH

KaMrramWMH rrpOTHB BCel\UIp-

HOli ToproBot'r opraHH3a~HH

(BTO), B KOTOPOM COCT05IT

rrO'-ITH Bce 3arra)],Hble H 1'IH)],Y-

CTpHaJIbHO pa3BHTble CTpaHbI.

Ha3I-Ia'IeHHe BTO - HaJla-

)KHBaHHe Me)K)],YHapo)],HbIX

ToprOBbIX CB5I3eM,HO 3THM ee

)],e5ITeJIbHOCTbOTHIO)],b He or-

paHWUIBaeTC5I. AHTHrJI06aJIH-

CTbIoc06eHHO B03MymeHbI TeM,

KaK BTO rrbITaJIaCb HaB5I3aTb

oc06ble Me)K)],YHapo)],Hble rrpa-

BliJIa, rapaHTHpYIOmHe CO-

xpaHHOCTb HHOCTpaHHbIX BJIO-

)KeHHl'!, 'ITO HeH36e)KHO rrpHBe-

J10 6b1 K HapYllIeHH5IM HHO-

CTpaHHbIMH KOMrraHH5IMH CO-

~HaJIbHbIX H 3KOJIOrH'IeCKHX

3aKOHOB OT)],eJIbHbIX CTpaH.

Ha 3ace)],amIJ1 BTO B CH3TJIe

B 1999 ro)],y 3TH 'IeCTOJII06H-

Bble rrJIaHbI He y)],aJIC~b BOrrJIO-

THTb B )J:{H3HbH3-3a BHYTpeH-

HHX pa3Hor JIaCHt'I, B TO )Ke

BpeM5I 3a CTeHaMH 3aJIa 3ace-

)],aHHM rrpOXO)],HJIa MaCCOBa5I

aHurr JI06aJIHCTCKa5I )],eMOHCT-

pal~H5I rrpOTeCTa.

AHTHr JI06aJIHCTbI Heco-

MHeHHO npaBbI, YTBep)K)],a5I,

lITO COBpeMeHHa5I 3KOHOMWle-

CKa5I CHCTeMa KanHTaJIH3Ma

HalIOCHT Bpe)], 3KOJIOrHH B JIIO-

60M TOlIKe nJIaHeTbI H pa3py-

llIaeT Tpa/l.H~HOHHble CO~H-

aJIbHble CB5I3H rrO'-ITH BO Bcex

co0611~eCTBax. Jhlurr JI06aJIH-

CTbI OTMe'-IaIOT OrpaHH'IeH-

HOCTb COBpeMeHHOM3KOHOl\UI-

'-[eCKot'r CHCTeMbI KarrHTaJIH3-

Ma. Bo MHorOM 3TOT aHaJIH3

He HOB - '-IaCTb rrOCTYJIaTOB

6bIJIa ctpOpMY JIHpOBaHa )],e-

C5ITKH JIeT Ha3a)],. 2lBJ1)KeHHe

aHTHr JI06aJIHCTOB OTJIWlaeTC5I

OT rrpe)KHet'I KpHTHKH KamITa-

JIH3Ma B OCHOBHOMOTIIOllIeml-

eM K cospeMemIOMY 06mecf-

BY. VIx rrOJIHTHKa - rrpe)K)],e

Bcero H r JIaBHbIM 06pa30M

rrpOTHBOCT05IHHe. AHTHr JI06a-

JIHCTbI cYMeJIH )],06HTbC5IToro,

'-ITOHX B3r JI5I)],bIrrOJIYlIJ1JIHH3-

Becn~ocTb KaK B cpe)],cTBax

MaCCOBOMHHepopMa~HH, TaK H

B PYKOBO/l.5ImHX CTpYKTypax

KOMrraHHM H Me)K)],YHap0)],HbIX

opramI3a~HM.

Y crrex alITHr JI06aJIHCTOB

rrpHBJIeK K HX )],eJIY HOBoe rro-

KOJIeHHe aKTHBHCTOB rro Bce-

MY MHPY, 'ITO YKperrHJIO /l.BH-

)KeHHe KaK KOaJIH~HIO pa3-

JIWIHbIX rrOJIHTH'IeCKHX rpyrrrr

H HarrpaBJIeHHM. Cpe)],H aHTH-

r JI06aJIHCTOB rrp0)],OJI)KaeTC5I

)],HCKYCCH5I0 CTpaTerHH 60Pb-

6bI B 6y)],ymeM, O)],HaKO 0)],-

HOBpeMeHHO CTaHOBHTC5I 5IC-

HO, 'ITO He)],OCTaTO'-IHOJIHllIb

CJIe)],OBaTbrrepBOHaqaJIbHOMY

HMrrYJIbCY 06be)],HHeHH5I C

e)],HHCTBeHHOM~eJIbIO rrpOTH-

BOCT05IHH5IBJIaCT5IM rrpe)],ep-

)KamHM 3arra)],Horo l\'lHpa.

BHYTPH )],BH)KeHH5I cymeCT-

ByeT MHO)KeCTBO HarrpaBJIe-

HHMH rpyrrrr rro HHTepecaM, He

06be)],HHeHHbIX HH 06mHMH

H)],e5IMH,HH )],eMCTBH5IMH.lIIO-

)],H CTapllIero rrOKOJIeHH5I, '-IeM

aKTHBH3M YKopeHeH B JIeBa~-

KOM )],BYDKeHHHXX BeKa, C'-IH-

TaIOT, 'ITO aHTHrJI06aJIH3M )],a-

eT HM B03MO)KHOCTb nOCTpo-

HTb HOBbIM JIeBblt'r epPOUT

rrpOTHB KarrHTaJIH3Ma. O)],Ha-

KO MHorHe )],pyrHe HaXO)],5IT

TaKOM rro)],xo)], )],orMaTH'-IHbIM

H YCTapeBllIHM.

CHJIbHa5I CTopOHa aHTH-

rJI06aJIHCTCKOro )],BH)KeHH5I-

B OTKPbITOCTH )],HCKYCCHM, B

cB060)],e pa3BHTH5I H)],eM0 Ha-

rrpaBJIeHH5IX )],e5ITeJIbHOCTH,

KaK cerO)],H5IlllHeMI,·'TaK H 6y-

)],ymeM. 3TO HaCT05Ima5I rro-

JIHTH3HpOBafIHOCTb. VI TO, KaK

HHepopMa~HmIHa5I ceTb «VIH-

)],HMC)],Ha",rrpe)],OCTaBJI5IeTJIIO-

60MY )KeJIaIOll~eMY B03MO)K-

HOCTb Herrocpe)],cTBeHHo rry6-

JIHKOBaTb H 06CY)K)],aTb HOBO-

CTH B VIHTepHeTe, H TO, KaK

MapKCHCTCKa5I H rrOCTMo)],ep-

HHCTCKa5I CPHJIOCOCPII5IHaxo-

)],5IT rryur C6JIH)KeHH5I, rrpe-

O)],OJIeBa5I rrpOTIIBOCT05IHIIe

rrpOllIJIbIX JIeT, rr03BOJI5IeT rro-

'IYBCTBOBaTb HOBH3HY H CBe-

)J:{eCTb5IBJ[eHII5I.

AHTHepamHCTbI 06

aHTHrJI06aJUICTaX

KOHe'-IHO, II aHTIIepallIH3M,

II aHUlr JI06aJIH3M - '-Ipe3BbI-

'-laMHO Ba)J:{Hble 5IBJIeHH5I co-

BpeMeHHoro 06I~ecTBa. O)],Ha-

KO eCTb MHOrO'-IHCJIeHHble

a)],errTbI Toro H )],pyroro, He )],e-

JIaIOmIIe Y)Ke rrO'-ITII HIIKalwro

pa3JIWIH5I Me)K)],y )],BYM5Ipac-

CMaTpIIBaelVIbIMH nOH5ITII5IMH.

eDpaH~Y3CKIIt'r )KypllaJI «No

pasaran!» - THrrII'-IHbIM TOMY

rrpHMep, TaK)Ke KaK, CKa)KeM,H

aMepHI{aHe~, rrpII)],YMaBllIIIM

rrOH5ITIIe «KoprropaTIIBHbIM

epalUII3M",. 3HaKOM5ICb C )],IIC-

KYCCH5IMII06 aHTIIr JI06aJIII3Me

B TaKIIX aHTHepallIHcTcKIIX

)KypHaJIaX, KaK «Searchlighb.

IIJIII «Antifaschistisches Info-

___________________________ ~ ...•••.••.•••,,_!_i •••• 1111111····.· ··Il'II!o· iIJ!!I!!,""-_-'-- _

blatt:;., MO:>KHO rrpl1HTII K BbI-

BOAY, 'ITO MHOrl1e 3arraWTbIe

JIeBbIe C'Il1TaIOT aHTl1rJIO-

6aJI113M rrpOAOJI:>KeHl1eM l1X

aI-ITIrepaIlIHCTCKOH 60pb6bI.

C03HaHHe OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH

aHTIlepallIHCTOB B03POCJIO B

CB5I3HC HaCHJIHeM, rrpHMeWle-

MblM 3arraAHbIMl1 rrpaBIUeJIb-

CTBaMH rro OTHOllIeI-UIIO K aH-

THrJI06aJIHCTaM,KorAa HX 6YK-

BaJIbHO paCCTpeJIHBaIOT 3a

BbIpa)KeHHe rrpOTeCTa H HeAO-

BOJIbCTBa,KaK, lIarrplfMep B fe-

Hye, rAe MHpHbIe AeMoHcTpalI-

TbI 6bIJI11y6HTbI rrOJIHlruei1.

Ho aHT11epanuICTaM eCTb

3a 'ITO H KPHTHKOBaTb alITH-

rJI06aJIHCTOB. C OAHOH CTO-

POHbI, HX lIeAOBOJIbCTBO BbI-

3bIBaeT HaJI11'IHe B AB11)KeHHH

aHTllr JI06aJIH3Ma epaIITHCT-

CKHX rpyrrrr 11 HAeH, C APY-

rOH - OH11CKerrTWIeCKH Ha-

CTpoeHbI rro OTHOllIeI-IHIO K

caMOH KOHuerrUH11 alITHrJIO-

6amI3Ma. AlITHepaIlIHCTbI, Ha-

rrpHMep rOJIJIaHACKaH rpyrr-

ITa «Fabel van de Illegaab

H3 JIei:'rAeHa, rrpeAyrrpe:>KAaJIl1

eIl(e AO C06bITHH B CH9TJIe,

'ITO CTpeMJIeH11e aHTHrJI06a-

JIHCTOB rrpe:>KAe Bcero 60-

POTbCH co BceMH MorYIl(ecT-

BeHHbIM11 Me:>KAYHaPOAHbIMH

KarrHTaJIHCTw-reCKHMH CTPYK-

TypaMH rrpHBJIe'-IeT B HX PH-

AbI I-IaUHOHaJIHCTOBH aHTHce-

MHTOB.

BecbMa rrpHMe'IaTeJIbHO,

'-ITOaHTllr JI06aJIHCTbI He 06cy-

)KAaIOT rrpIUIUIIrrbI aHTllepa-

IlIH3Ma, TorAa KaK aHTIIepaIlIH-

CTbI aKTHBlIO AHCKYTUPYIOT

06 alITHr JI06aJIII3Me. II09TO-

MY MHorIIe aHTllr JI06aJIIICTbI,

rrOXO:>Ke, lIe BocrrpHlIHMillOT

06BlUreHH5I CO CTOPOHbIaIUH-

epaUUICTOB. 11M, 6e3YCJIOBlIO

He XB<:UaeT rrOlIHMaHHH npo-

IlIJIOrO, TaK KaK 60JIbllIIUrCTBO

aHTHf JI06aJIHCTOB rrOJIaraIOT,

'-ITOOHH :>KIIBYT H AeikTBYIOT B

HOByro HCTopWIeCKYIO 9noxy,

VI ~[X He HlITepecyeT rrpeAllIe-

cTByrOIl{ee pa3BlUHe. 11 Bce

:>Ke lIeMaJIO alITHrJI06aJIHCTOB

06uapY:>KHBaIOT:>KHBYIOrOTOB-

I-IOCTbK 06CY:>KAemnOaHTVlepa-

IlIHCTCKOH KPHTHKH, 'ITO no-

3BOJI51eTaHTHepallIHCTaM BbI-

CKa3aTbCH H 6bITb YCJIbIllIaH-

HbIMH.

MO:>KlIOrrpOBeCTII HeKOTO-

pble VIAeOJIOrH'IeCKHe rrapaJI-

JIeJIH. 11 aHTHr JI06aJIIICTbI

H aHT11epaIlIIICTbIBbICTyrraIOT

npOTHB 3JIoyrroTpe6JIeHII5I

BJIaCTbIO H 3a AeMOKpaTIIIO.

,llpyroH 06Il(eH xapaKTepIICTH-

KOH CJIeAyeT rrpH3HaTb CKJIOH-

lIOCTb H Tex H ApyrIIx K 11Aea-

JIIICTHqeCKHM H YTorrH'IeCKHM

IIAe5IM H CTpeMJIeH11e H3Me-

HIITb MHp K JIY'IllieMY. 11 Ha-

KOHeu, paBHOAYIlIHe, HaCHJIHe

H UHHH'IHbIH aHTIIrYMaHH3M

HBJIHIOTC5106Il(HMH BparaMH

KaK aHTHrJI06aJIH3Ma, TaK H

aHTHepaIlIH3Ma.

TeM He MeHee aI-ITHrJI06a-

JIHCTM rrpHHHMaIOT rropOH

ctpaHI-Ible H rrapaAOKCaJIbHble

rrOJIHTH'-IeCKHepellielIH5I, Ta-

KHe, HarrpHMep, KaK HAeH

BCTaTb Ha 3aIl(HTY HaUHO-

HaJIbHbIX rOCYAapCTB. Co-

rJIaCHO HX rrpeACTaBJIeHH5IM,

rOCYAapCTBa 06eCrre'IHBaIOT

6e30rraCHOCTb rrYTeM pa3pe-

llIeHH51 KOHepJIHKTOB Me:>KAY

CHJIbHbIMH H CJIa6bIMH MHpa

cero. ,llJIH aHT11epaIlIHCTOB

BcerAa OCTaeTCH OTKpbITbIM

Borrpoc 0 TOM, HaCKOJIbKOXO-

POIli npHopIITeT rOCYAapCT-

BeI-IHOrOrrpaBorropHAKa H 3a-

KOHa. B CYIl(HOCT11,9TOorrHTb

:>Ke Borrpoc 0 pa3AeJIeHHH

BJIaCTlr. Or JI5IAbIBaHCbHa HC-

TOpHIOrrpOllieAlliero BeKa, MbI

5lCHOBHAHM, 'ITO HaUHOHaJIb-

Hble rOCYAapCTBa HHKaK He

orrpaBAaJIH B03JIaraBIlIHXC5I

Ha HHX HaAe:>KAH He CYMeJIH

06eCrre'IHTb MHp H rrpOUBeTa-

HHe CBOIIM rpa:>KAaHaM. He

YA11BHTeJIbHO, OAHaKO, 'ITO

rrporocy AapCTBeI-IHa5I rr03H-

UH5I, 3aHHMaeMa5I aHTHrJI06a-

JIHCTaMH, OKa3bIBaeTC51BeCb-

Ma rrpHBJIeKaTeJIbHOH AJI5I

BceB03MO:>KHbIX HaUHOHaJIH-

CTOB, rrOCKOJIbKYBrrOJIHe CO-

OTBeTcTByeTHX KOHcepBanIB-

HOMY BOCrrpH5ITHIOCOBpeMeH-

Horo MHpa.

YTBep:>KAeHHe HeKOTO-

PbIX aHTHepaIlIHCTOB, 'ITO aH-

THrJI06aJIHCTbICrroc06cTBYIOT

pacnpOCTpaHeHHIO aHTHce-

MHTH3Ma, rrpeACTaBJI5IeTCH

MeHee O'-IeBHAHbIM. fJIaBHbIM

aprYMeHTOM 3AeCb CTaHOBIU-

C51aHaJIH3 Toro, KaK aHTHr JIO-

6amrCTbI H306pa)KaIOT CBOIIX

BparOB - Kpymlblx Kamua-

JIHCTOB. MHorHe aHTHrJI06a-

JIHCTbI Bep51T B cyn{eCTBOBa-

HHe 3arOBopa rJIaB TpaHCHa-

UHOHaJIbHMX KoprropaUIIH H

'-IIUIOBHHKOB Me:>KAYHapOA-

HbIX opraHH3aUHH Tlma BTO,

MB<D 11 T. rr. HeKOTopble

rrJIaKaTbI aHTHrJI06aJIHCTOB

Bblr JIHA5IT BrrOJIHe aHTHce-

MHTCKH: HapHCOBaH, CKa:>KeM,

9TaKHH THrrWIHbIH TOJICTHK

eBpeHCKoro BHAa, C rra'-IKOH

AOJIJIapOB B KapMaHe, KypH-

Il(HH 60JIbllIYIO cHrapy II aJI'I-

HO B3HpaIOIl(HH Ha r JI06yc.

KpOMe Toro, HeKOTopble BIIA-

Hble aHTHr JI06aJIHCTbI Hrpa-

roT CTpaHHYIO pOJIb B rra-

JIeCT11HO-H3paHJIbCKOM KOH-

epmIKTe, rrOAAep:>KHBa51TOJIb-

KO 11 HCKJIIO'IHTeJIbHO rraJIe-

• HCTOPHH COnpOTHBJlCUHH

<l>PAH~Y3CKHE HHTEJIJIEKTYAJIbIII COIIPOTHBJIEHHE

MAPK 6JIOK

60

CTlmu:eB, BOBce He Bcer,na

MHpHbIX.

HaKoHeu:, cepbe3Hb1M IIO-

BO,nOM,nJ151KpHTHKH CJIY)KIIT

rrpHCYTCTBIIe rpynrr epallIII-

CTOB, CTaJIHHHCTOBH JIeHIIHII-

CTOB Ha aKU:H~X aHTIIrJI06a-

JIHCTOB. B 3arra,nHOH EBporre

CYII~ecTByeT ,norOBopeHHOCTb

o He,norrymeHHH ¢aIIIHCTOB

Ha aHTHr JI06aJIHCTCKHe MII-

TIIHrH, HO npHCYTCTBHe J1eHH-

HHCTOB He Bb13bIBaeT O,nHO-

3HaqHOrO rrpOTHBo,neHCTBII~.

KOHe'"IHO, H HX OCY)K,naIOT,HO

He BblrOH~IOT. I1,ne~ «JIeBOrO

COI03a~ Bce e1IJ:eCHJIbHa, XOT~

C II,neOJIOrHqeCKOH TOqKH

3peHH~ ,nBH)KetIHe aHTl1fJIO-

6a"1HCTOB Y)Ke He BnHCbIBa-

eTC~ B YCTapeBIIIHe rrpe,n-

CTaBJIeHH~ 0 rrOJIHTHqeCKOH

JIeBH3He.

Pa3MbIlliJleHHH

B TO BpeM~ KaK Mb1 Ka)K-

,nb1H ,neHb BH,nHM peCTaBpa-

UHIOTex CTPYKTYPBJIaCTY1,KO-

Topble He TaK ,naBHOJIe)KaJIH B

OCHOBeCOBeTCKoro TOTaJIHTa-

pH3Ma, rrpH TOM'"ITOyqamalOT-

C~ paCHCTCKHe,neMapIIIII H Ha-

na,neHH~, MO)KeT B03HHKHYTb

Borrpoc: «lloqeMY, c06cTBeHHo,

MbI ,nOJI)KHbI 6ecrroKoHTbC~

eme H 06 yxy,nIIIeHHH OTt10IIIe-

HHH 3arra,na C OCTaJIbHb1MM.II-

pOM?~

DOJIHTHqeCKOe pa3B.IITHe

3aBHCHT OT B3aHMo,neHCTB.II~

.II,neH. HaIll aHT.II¢aIll.II3M He

CMO)KeT npHBeCT.II K HY)KHb1M

.II Ba)KHb1Mpe3YJIbTaTaM, eCJIH

OH OKa)KeTC~ BHe B3aHMo,neH-

CTBH~ C ,npyrHMH 06JIaCT~-

MH rrOJI.IITHK.II. I1HTepHa1l.IIO-

HaJIH3M He06xo,n.IIivl HaM, no-

CKOJIbKY06m.IIe .II,neH.II ,neHcT-

BH~ 06be,nHH~T Hac C aHTM¢a-

IlllICTal\1M Bcero M.IIpa.

DOHCK lICT.IIHHOro rYMa-

HM3Ma Be,neT Hac Hepe,nKO B

pa3HbIX HarrpaBJIeHlI~X, nopoH

,na)Ke rrpMBo,n~ K rrpoTHBope-

'"IH~M. MbI OqeHb XOPOIllO 3ua-

eM, qTO HII MbI caMII, II HMKTO

,npyroH He MO)KeT ,naTb BceMY

B M.IIpe ::lJIeMeHTapHoe 06b~C-

HeHHe, KaK ::lTOrrbITaIOTC~ c,ne-

JIaTb HaIllII orrrrOHeHTbI ¢aIllII-

CTbI.

KaK aHTH¢aIIIIICTaM, TaK II

aHTHr JI06aJIIICTaM He06xo,nII-

MO 60POTbC~ C HecrrpaBe,nJI.II-

BOCTblO - BHe HaIIIIIX ,nB.II-

)KeHHH II BHYTPH IIX. 06cY)K-

,neI-IHe II KpHTllKa OCTaIOTC~

caMbIM YBJIeKaTeJIbHbIM ,ne-

JIOM B HaIlleH rrOJIllTllqeCKOH

)K1l3HH, rroToMY H 6bIJla HanII-

caHa ::lTa CTaTb~.

T. [Jpocnepo

OKKyrraUll~ <1>paHU:lllIrIIT-

JIepOBCKIIMII BOHcKaMII B

Mae - IIIOHe 1940 ro,na 3a-

BepIllllJIaCb rr030pHoH KarrllTY-

JI~U:lleH II C03,naHlleM Ha lOre

CTpaHbI ¢OpMaJIbHO «He3aBII-

CllMOro~ rocy,napcTBa (c rrpa-

BHTeJIbCTBOMB BHIllII BO r JIaBe

C repoeM DepBoH MIIpOBOH

B0I1HbI MapIllaJIOM DeTeHoM).

DOCKOJIbKYKpax TpeTbeH pec-

ny6JIllKII 6bIJI 6b1CTPbIMII CKO-

pOrraJIHTeJIbHbIM, a oKKyrraHTb1

He rrpeCJIe,nOBaJIll Herrocpe,nCT-

BeHHOH u:eJIH rrOJIHOrOYI-IIIqTO-

)KeHll~ KYJIbTypbI <1>paHUHII,TO

60JIbIllIIHCTBO ¢paHUY3CKllX

«JIIO,neH rrepa~ BbIHY)K,neHbI

6bIJIll BCTaTb rrepe,n ,nIIJIeM-

MOH: rrOMoraTb rrOJIllTllqeCKO-

MY CorrpOTIIBJIeHlllO, ,neHCT-

BeHHO 60POTbC~ C HaUIICTaMII

llJI.II rrbITaTbC~ rrepe)K,naTb

::lTOTHeHaBllCTHbIH pe)KHM -

u:eHOHTex HJIH HHbIX KOMrrpo-

MHCCOB. CJIyqaH rrp~Moro

KOJIJIa60paU:HOHH3Ma, aKTHB-

Horo rrOC06HllQeCTBa oKKynaH-

TaM (KaK y rrIICaTeJIeH JlplIe

,ne JIa POIIIeJI~ lI.lIlI JlYlI-<1>ep-

,nHHaH,na CeJIHHa) 6b1JIlI Bce

)Ke ,nOBOJIbHOpe,nKlI. B OTJIII-

qHe OT POCCHHCKHX (nOCJle

1917 ro,na) lIJIII HeMellKIIX

(HaQHHa5I C 1933 ro,na) BOJUI

IIHTeJIJIeKTyaJIbHoi:l ::lMlIrpa-

U:Hll, BO ¢paHu:Y3cKOM «3apy-

6e)Kbe~ 1940 - 1944 ro,nOB He

6b1JIOMHOrOQHCJIeHHOH,60JIee

HJIII MeHee e,nIIHOH H aBToplI-

TeTHOHHHTeJIJleKTyaJIbHOH,nlI-

aCIIopb1, XOT~ cpe,nH H3rHaH-

H.IIKOB 6b1JIH II TaKlIe lI3BeCT-

Hble ¢Hrypb1, KaK copaTHHK

,ne fOJIJI5I ¢HJIOCO¢ II COUHO-

JIor PeHMOH ApoH H OCHOBO-

rrOJIO)KHHK CTpYKTypaJIH3Ma

::lTHOJIOrKJIo,n JIeBll-CTpOCC.

Cpe,nII lI3BeCTHb1X ¢paH-

UY3CKHX HHTeJIJIeKTyaJIOB,

6lIorpa¢II~ KOTOPb1XCB~3aHa

C CorrpOTHBJ1eHHeM, HaH60JIee

3HaqllMb1M H ,na)Ke 6JIH3KHM

MHe IIpe,nCTaBJI~eTC~ rrpHMep

MapKa EJIOKa. CaMblH Kpyrr-

HblH ¢paHUY3CKHH HCTOPHK 61

XX BeKa, OH ,n:e5JTeJIbHOY1.Ia-

CTBOBaJI B nOBOpOTe HaYKH 0

npOIIIJIOM OT JIeTOIIlICaHH5J

BOHH H ,n:HnJIOMaTH'IeCKHX

XHTpOCrrJleTeI-IHH K rr03IIaIUnO

Typa epeo,n:aJIbHOrO06Ill,ecTBa,

H,HaKOHell"BorrpOCbIKOJIJIeK-

THBHOH rrCHXOJIOrHH ,n:eHcT-

BYIOIll,HX JIlIll, MHHYBiliero -

HanpHMep, 6JIeCT5JIll,HMaHaJIlI3

JIereH,n:bI 0 IWPOJI5JX-cry,n:o-

TBOpll,aX (noBepbe, COrJIaCHO

KOTOPOMY eppaHll,Y3cKHe KO-

POJIH MOrJIH HaJIO)f{eHlleM

PYK H3JIe'IHBaTb 60JIbHbIX 30-

JIOTYXOM). BMeCTe C JIIOcbe-

HOM cDeBpoM B npOBHHll,H-

aJIbHOM CTpac6ypre - B

HCTOPHH B l.IeJIOBe1.IeCKOMH

COll,HaJIbHOM H3MepeHIIH. Te-

MaJ\fH ero l1CCJIe,n:OBaI-IHHCTa-

HOBHJIHCb H arpapHa5J HCTO-

PH5JCpe,n:HeBeKOBb5J,H CTPYK-

rrpOTHBOBec KOHcepBaTHBHOM

Cop6mIHe H AKa,n:eMHH B IIa-

pH)f{e - EJIOK B KOHll,e

1920-x ro,n:OB OCHOBaJI )f{YP-

HaJI 4AI-IH:aJIbI COll,HaJlbHot'r H

3KOHOMlI'-leCKOM HCTOPHH:9,

KOTOPbIM nOJIO)f{HJI Ha1.IaJIO

o,n:HOHMeHHOMHaY'IHOM IIIKO-

JIe, no ceM ,n:eHb onpe,n:eJI5JIO-

Ill,eM 06JIHK COBpeMeHHOM HC-

TOpH'IeCKOM HaYKH, H ,n:aJIeKO

He TOJIbKO eppaHll,Y3CKOM.

EJIOK 6bIJI nOCJIe,n:oBaTeJIb-

HbIM pecny6JIl1KaHll,eM H naT-

PllOTOM: OH ,n:06POBOJIbHO

YIIIeJI 3aIll,llIll,aTb cDpaHll,HIo

JIeTOM 1914 ro,n:a 11 TaK )f{e

OTBeTCTBeHHOH cepbe3Ho rro-

,n:OIIIeJI K CBoeH cJIY)K6e rrpH

IIITa6e f JIaBI-IOrO KOMaH,n:OBa-

HH5J, Ha KOTOpYIO OH, BHOBb

no c06cTBeHHoMY )KeJla-

HHIO, rrocTyrrHJI B ClBrYCTe

1939 ro,n:a. He,n:aBHo Y Hac

H3,n:aTeJIbCTBOM POCCII3H

6bIJIa ony6JIHKOBaHa KHHra

MapKa EJIOKa 4CTpaIIHoe no-

pa)f{eHHe:9, Ky,n:a BOiliJUI ero

3aMeTKH, HanHcaHHbIe oceUbIO

1940 ro,n:a rro CJIe,n:aMHe,n:aB-

HHX C06bITHH. KPH3HC HHCTH-

TYTOB TpeTbeH pecny6JIHKH:

KOCHOCTb H 3aHOC'IHBOCTb

BbICilieH BoeHHoH KaCTbI, TPY-

COCTbH nOJIHTH'IeCKa5J6JIH30-

PYKOCTb 6YP)f{ya3HH, KJIaCCO-

BbIH 3r0113M npoepcoI03HbIX

BO)f{,n:eH - Bce 3TH epaKTopbI

BOCnpen5JTCTBOBaJIH, CorJIac-

HO MapKY EJIOKY, CKJIa,n:bIBa-

HHIO naTpHOTH'IeCKOrO ,n:yxa,

r JIaBHOM:,n:eikTBeHHOH CHJIbI B

npOTHBOCT05JHl1l1Bpary. B Te

)f{e caMbIe ro,n:bI ,n:pyroH Ta-

JIaHTJIl1BbIM: HCTOPHK, aBTOp

H3BeCTHOM:KHHrH 4I1,n:e5J HC-

TOpHH:9 aHrJIH'IaHHH P06epT

.1l)f{. KOJIJIHHrBY,n: ony6JIlIKO-

BaJI CBmo 4ABT06HorpaclmIO:9,

r,n:e B CXO)f{HX pe3KHx BbIpa-

)f{eI-IH5JXOCy,n:HJIMIoHxeHcKH:t'I

croBop H 6pHTaHcKYIO rrOJIl1-

THKY 4YMHpoTBOpeHH5J:9 fHT-

JIepa.

IIaTpHoTH3M EJIOKa, B,n:OX-

HOBJI5JBIIIHI~iero H B rro,n:rrOJIbe,

rrHTaJIC5JHe Hall,110HaJIH3MOM,

He 'IYBCTBOM npeBocxo,n:CTBa

I-Ia,n:rrpo'mMH Hapo,n:aMH. Ero

JII060Bb K cDpaHll,HH 03Ha1.IaJIa

He TOJIbKO rrpllB5J3aHHOCTb K

MeCTHbIM HpaBaM H Tpa,n:Hll,H-

5J!'I (opraHIIIZY KOTOPbIX, OH,

KaK l1CTOPllK, 01.IeHb XOpOiliO

l.IYBCTBOBaJI), HO B nepBYIO

O'Iepe,n:b C03I-IaIUle npeeMCT-

BeHHOCTH naTpllOTH1.IeCKllX

ll,eHHOCTeH rro OTHOIIIeHHIO K

H,n:eaJlaMcDpaHll,Y3cKOM peBO-

JIIOll,Hll H ,n:yxy II pOCBeIll,eHH5J.

I1MeHI1O n03TOMY EJIOK B Ha-

'IaJIe 1940-x ro,n:OB ny6JIH'IHO

OTBepraJI llHHll,HHpyeMYIO He-

Mell,KHMH oKKyrraHTaMll H,n:eIO

C03,n:aHH5JaBTOHOMHbIX eBpeM-

CKHX opraHII3all,HM (B ,n:eHCT-

BHTeJIbHOCTH3TO 6bIJ1O Ha1.Ia-

JIOM no,n:rOTOBKH eBpeMCKoro

reHOll,H,n:a). EJ10K MbICJIHJI ce-

651B nepBYIO O'Iepe,n:b B Ka'Ie-

CTBeeppaHll,Y3a H JIHilib B CB5J-

3H C 3THM - KaK eBpe5J. B

rrepBbIe ro,n:bI oKKynall,HH OH

npo,n:oJI)f{aJI cOTpy,n:HH'IaTb

(no,n: nceB,n:oHllMaMH) B HC-

TOpH'IeCKHX )f{ypHaJIaX, HO

C 1943 ro,n:a OKOH'IaTeJIbHO

64

YllIeJI Ha rrOJIHTYPIeCKYIOpa60-

TY B rrOll:rrOJIbe. KOHCrrHpa-

THBHa5IlI:e5ITeJIbHOCTb,5IpKHe H

OCTpble rry6JIHI(HCTWleCKHe

CTaTbH B rrepHOll:HKe Conpo-

THBJIeHH5I, pacrrpell:eJleHHe JIIO-

lI:et'r, rreperrpaBIZa OPY)KH5I,

CB5I3bco CTa'-IeLIHbIMH KOMHTe-

TaMH - BCe 3TO CTaJlO rrOBCe-

lI:HeBHbIMH H CJ\lepTeJlbHO

OrraCHbIMH 3aIUITH5IMH B'-Ie-

pallIHerO YHHBepCHTeTCIWrO

rrpoepeccopa H rrbIT JIl'IBoro HC-

CJIell:OBaTeJI5I. Ho, cYlI:5I no

BocrrOMHHaHH5IM COBpeMeHHH-

KOB, HM OH OTlI:aBaJlC5IC ropa3-

lI:O 60JIbllIeH CTpaCTbIO H Ca]\l0-

OTpe'-IeI-IHeM, '-IeM K DlTa6I-IOH

cJIY)K6e HaKaHYHe BotiHbI. B

MapTe 1944 rOll:a B JhwHe

Hap60HI-I (TaKOB 6bIJl rrceBlI:O-

HHM DJIOKa) 6bIJl CXBaLIeH H

nOCJIe rrbITOK Ka3HeH - 3a

lI:Ba MeC5II(a lI:O oCB06mKlI:eHH5I

IIapH)Ka. I13BecTHe 0 rYI6eJIYI

3Toro '-IeJIOBeKa pell:KOrO YMa

H 6JlarOpOll:CTBa C ropellbIO H

60JIbIO BOCrrpHH5IJlH H epPaII-

I(Y3CKHe pa60LIHe- rrOll:rrOJIb-

mHKH, H 3apy6e)KHble KOJlJle-

rH-HcTopHKH.

IIocJIe BOHHbI ypOKH H

HTorH CorrpOTHBJIeHH5I CTaJlH

orrpell:eJI5IromHMH lI:Jl5I HHTeJI-

JIeKTyaJIbHOrO KJlHMaTa et>paH-

I(HI1, BKJIro'-Ia5I He06bILIat'mYIO

rrorry JI5IPHOCTbHMeHHO JleBbIX,

rOllII1CTCKI1X Te'-IeHHH H rrpHI-I-

I(I1rrOB. 1980 - 1990-e rOll:bI,

HarrpOTHB, CTaJIH BpeMeHeM

rrepeOCMbICJleHH5I HaCJlell:H5I

rrpOllIJIOrO, BKJIIO'-Ia5III 3TY, re-

pOWleCKYIO, ero CTOPOI-IY.BHa-

LIaJle pa306JIa'-IeHH5I KOCHY-

JIHCb P5IlI:a 6bIBllII1X '-IHHOBI-IH-

KOB pe)KHMa BI1llIH, COll:eHCT-

BOBaBllIHX lI:enOpTaI(HH eBpe-

eB, 3aTeM I-IaCTaJIa O'-Iepell:b H

JIIOll:eH MbICJlH. IIoll: orOHb rro-

JleMHKH BCJIell: 3a KPyrrHet'I-

llIHM HeMeI(KHM epHJIOCOepOM

XaMlI:errepOM nonaJI BHlI:-

HbIH TeopeTHK nOCTMOll:epHH3-

Ma aMepHKaHcKHM JlHTepaTY-

POBell: IIOJIb lI:e MaH (B IOI-W-

CTH OH I1I1caJI CTaTbH B 6eJlb-

rHHCKot'I KOJIJIa60paI(HOHHCT-

CKOt'I npecce), a 3aTeM H 3I-Ia-

MeHI1TbIH eppaHI(Y3CKI1t'I KPH-

THK H mICaTeJIb MopI1c DJIaH-

llIO, COTPYlI:HH'-IaBllIHM B KOHI(e

1930- x B H3l1:aHYI5IX6y lI:ymHx

KOJIJla60paI(HOHHcTOB. IIo-

CJIell:HHM rOll: rrpe3HlI:eHTCKOro

cpoKa et>paHcya MHTTepaHa

6bIJI OTMe'-IeH pe3KHMH crropa-

MH 0 Mepe ero YLIaCTI15I B

lI:e5ITeJIbHOCTHall:MHHHCTpaI(HI1

IIeTeHa B HaLIaJIe 1940-x ro-

lI:OB, lI:O yxoll:a B Jlarepb lI:e

fOJIJI5I. He OCTaJIHCb B CTO-

pOHe OT ,:Horo rrOTOKa 06JlWle-

HHH H epHrypbI Hell:aBHHX

~BJIaCTHTeJIeM lI:YM~. B XOll:e

UpHCTaJIbHOrO HCTOpI1LIeCKOro

pa36HpaTeJIbCTBa CTaJIO OLIe-

13 HlI:HO, '-ITO HMeHHO BHlI:Hble

(PHJIOCOepbI)KaH- IIOJIb CapTp

H: MopHc MepJlo- IIOHTYI (KO-

Topble B KOHI(e 1940-x H B

1950-e rOll:bI O'-IeHb MHoro I1H-

CaJIH Ha TeMY OTBeTCTBeHHO-

CTHHHTeJIJIeKTyaJIOB, MOpaJIb-

Horo BbI60pa H BblcTynaJIH OT

HMeHH aHTHepallIHcTclwro lI:Y-

xa) B peaJIbHbIX C06bITH5IX

1940-x rOll:OB HrpaJIYI BeCbMa

rreoll:H03Ha'-IHYIO pOJlb. IIo 3a-

CJIY>KHBaromHM lI:0BepH5I lI:aH-

HbIM, MepJIo- II 0HTYI YKJIO-

H5IJIC5I OT BC5IKOM peaJlbHOrO

Y'-IaCTI15I B lI:eJlax aHTHHa-

I(HCTCKoro ConpOTHBJIeHH5I,

CCbIJIa5ICb Ha 3aH5ITOCTb.

CapTp He rrOCTeCH5IJIC5I 3a-

H5ITb B rrpeCTH>KHOM JIHI(ee

MeCTO YBOJIeHHOrO rrperrOll:a-

BaTeJI5I-eBpe5I (lI:a eme H rro-

TOMKa 3HaMeHHToro KanHTa-

Ha .llpeHepyca!), XOT5I H caM

C'-IHTaJIC5I He6JIarOHall:e>K-

HbIM - 11 rrOTOMY 6paJlc5I 3a

JII06yro pa60TY, LIT06 HMeTb

Cpell:CTBa K cymecTBoBaHHIO.

C06CTBeHHa5I lI:I1CKYCCHOHHa5I

rpyrrrra CapTpa, KOTOpa5I 6bI-

JIa C03l1:aHa BCKope nOCJle OK-

KyrraI(l1l1 H 3aHHMaJIaCb Hap5I-

lI:Y C pacrrpOCTpaHeHHeM JIHC-

TOBOK rrpeHMymecTBeHHo 06-

cY>KlI:eHHeM Ha lI:OBOJIbHO a6-

CTpaKTHOM ypoBHe BorrpocoB

COI(HaJIH3Ma, 60Pb6bI C HaI(H3-

MOM H epHJIOcoepCKoro BbI60-

pa, paCrraJIaCb Y)Ke B 1941 ro-

lI:Y. 060 Bcex 3THX rrepHneTH-

5IX cPpaHI(Y3cKHX lI:e6aTOB no-

CJIell:HHX JIeT BOKpyr ~6eJIbIX

n5ITeH~ l1CTOPl1H COrrpOTYIB-

JleHH5I H KOJIJIa60paI(HOHH3Ma

B CB5I3H co 3HaMeHHTbIMH rrH-

CaTeJI5IMH H epHJIOcoepaMH

paCCKa3aJI I-Ia CTpaI-IHI(aX

)KypHaJIa «HoBoe JIHTepaTYP-

Hoe 0603peHHe~ (2002,

NQ 55) neTep6yprcI<YIM HC-

CJIell:OBaTeJIb Cepret'I et>OKHH.

He 060llIJIa CTOpOI-Wt'I 3Ta

KaMnaHYI5I H HCTOPHIO llIIWJIbI

AHHaJlOB. Orry6JIHKOBaI-IHa5I

rreperrHCKa DJIOKa C copell:aK-

TOpOM «AHHaJIOB~ JIlocbe-

HOM et>eBpOM HaLIaJIa 1940-x

rOll:OB pHCOBaJIa KapTHHY,

BeCbMa lI:aJIeKYIO OT xpeCTO-

MaTHMHoro H306pa>KeHH5I OT-

HOllIeHHH lI:BYX 113BeCTHeM-

llIHX HCTOPHKOB-ell:HHOMbIllI-

JIeI-IHHKOB KaK ~lI:PY>K6bI Be-

JIYnWH H TpOraTeJIbHot'I~. BbI-

HY)KlI:eHHbIH BbI6HpaTb Me)K-

lI:Y COXpaHeI-IHeM ~AI-IHaJIOB~

6e3 DJIOKa (KaK eBpet'I, TOT no

HaI(HCTCKHM 3aKOHaM He Mor

6bITb '-IJIeHOM pell:aKI(HH) H

OTKa30M OT >KypHaJIa, et>eBp

BbI6paJI nepBoe, B TO BpeM5I

KaK caM DJIOK rrOHa'-IaJIY C'-IH- 65

.;f~.*'.::.;::.:;;.:<;.i:III:::lII:.::.r;.::.::IIiIIIi::::IlilIlI::.>:.:.:::.::•••iIirlIIoIIiioo _

--------------------------:.:;;;:1 · '.

,lJ,HM IIAMJITJInOE3)l;KA B nOJlbllIY

66

TaJI .3TO He):(OnYCTHMOM KanH-

TYJI51l(HeM. B OTBeTHOM nl1Cb-

Me EJIOKY cDeBp oceHb10

1941 ro):(a HanHCaJI He TOJIb-

KO 0 Ba)KHOCTH )KypHaJIa 6e3-

OTHOCI1TeJIbHOK nepCO:tIaM, HO

H 0 Ba)KHOCTH coxpaI-IeI-IH51

ero ):(JI51 ~MoeM CTpaHbI:i>; Y)Ke

caM BbI60p MeCTOHMeHHM

paCKpbIBaeT CJIO)KHOCTb H Ha-

np51)KeHHOCTb KOHCpJIHKTa. B

HTore EJIOK np113IIaJI npaBOTY

cDeBpa H ne~1aTaJIC51B «AHHa-

JlaX:i> no):( nceBJ~OHHMOM; XO-

T51, no Ol(eHKaM COBpeMeHHb1X

HcropHorpa<poB, 3TOT )KYPHaJI

B rO):(b1 oKKynal(HH He 6b1JI ca-

Mb1M CMeJIbIM H 6eCKOMnpo-

MHCCHbIM cpeW-I HCTopWle-

CKHX H3):(aHlIM. BrrpOLJeM, CJIe-

):(yeT 6bITb BJJ:BoI:IHe merre-

THJIbHb1M H OTBeTCTBeHI-Ib1M,

BbIHOC51ceI:ILJaCMOpaJIHCTH'Ie-

CKHe CY)KJJ:eI-IH5IOTHOCHTeJIb-

HO nepHo):(a, KorJJ:a KaKa5I-HH-

6Y):(b cyry60 HaY'-UIa5I ny6JIH-

Kal(H5I 06 HCTOPHH IIaJIeCTH-

HbI nepBbIX BeKOB HaweM 3pbI

rroJJ:BepraJIa aBTopa np5IMOM

orraCHOCTH H 6bIJIa aKTOM He-

MaJIOrO JIH'IHOrO MY)KeCTBa.

B03MO)KHOCTb Bb1)Klma-

HH5I B CMepTeJIbHO He6JIaro-

rrpH5ITHb1X YCJIOBH5IX, rpaHH-

l(bI JJ:orrycTHMoro pHcKa, He-

B03MO)KHOCTb 1-la6513b16a1-lU51

CaMOrrO)KepTBOBaHH51 KaK

eJJ:HHCTBeHHoro JJ:OcToMHoro

Bb1XOJJ:aJJ:JI5IBcex 11Ka)KJJ:oro,

OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb HCTOpHqe-

CKa5I H MOpaJIbHa51 - BOT Te-

Mb1, KOTopbIe BHOBb BCTaIOT B

pe3YJIbTaTe HOBoro B03Bpa-

memI5I K OnbITY ConponmJIe-

HH51, KorJJ:a MbI 3aJJ:YMbIBaeMC5I

HaJJ: rrOBeJJ:eHHeM HHTeJIJIeK-

TyaJIOB B 3rroxy, nOCJIe KOTO-

pOM HCTeKJIO Y)Ke 60JIee rro-

JIYBeKa. OJJ:HH H3 BbIBOJJ:OB

HCTOPHKOB: He CTOJIbKO aHTH-

<paWHCTCKHe JI03YHnI VI JIe-

BopaJJ:VIKaJIbHb1e rrpI1Hl(HrrbI,

CKOJIbKO OC03HarUIe npo<pec-

CHOHaJIbHOM aBTOHOMlUI, ca-

MOCT051TeJIbHoit 3Haq11MOCTH

CBoeM pa60Tb1, He3aBHC11MOCTb

OT BHeWHHX KpHTepHeB (rro-

JII1TI1LJeCKOM BOBJIeqeHHOCTH

HJIH rrorrYJI5IpHOCTI1 Y q:VITaTe-

JIeM) 06pamaJIH <ppaHl(Y3-

CKI1X HIUeJIJ1eKTyaJIOB K Kpy-

ry HJJ:eM11 JIIOJJ:eMConponIB-

JIeHH5I. I1Me1IHo 06pa3 Map-

Ka EJIOKa, I1CTopHKa-HOBaTO-

pa H LJeJIOBeKa, Cql1TaBWero

OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb rJIaBHOM 113

rrOJIHTHQeCKHX JJ:06pOJJ:eTeJIeI:I,

H CeMQaC CJIY)KHT opHeHTH-

POM B HaWHX pa3Mb1WJIeHH5IX

o npOWJIOM, OCTaIOmeMC51 C

HaMH, H 0 HaCT051IQeM, B KOTO-

POM Mb1 )KHBeM.

A.Il.JltUmpUe6

51 CHKX, KOTOPb1MP0JJ:HJIC51

H Bb1POCB JIoHJJ:oHe, H B JJ:eTCT-

Be 51 qaCTO CTaJIKHBaJIC5IC pa-

CHCTCKHM HaCHJIHeM. OJJ:Ha)K-

):(b1, KorJJ:a MHe ObIJIO JJ:eB5ITb

JIeT, Ha MeH51 HanaJIa l(eJIa51

6aH):(a: JJ:IO)KHHa60JIee B3POC-

JIb1X Hal(H-CKHHxe):(OB, KOTO-

pbIe H36HBaJIH MeH51 rro OLJepe-

JJ:H. BOJIOCb1 Ha rOJIOBe 6b1JIH

Bb1pBaHbI l(eJIbIMH KJIOLJb51MH.

M051 BHeWHOCTb H TO, KaK

paCHCTbI Ha Hee peanlpy-

IOT, - .3TO QaCTb J\weM HCTO-

p11H. 51 60JIee weCTH <PYTOB

POCTOM 11 HOWY Ha rOJIOBe

TIop6au - OJJ:HH H3 06513a-

TeJIbHb1X aTpH6YTOB B peJIH-

rHH CI1KXOB. Y MeH51 JJ:JIHHHbIe

BOJIOCbIH 60p0JJ:a, KOTOPb1XHH-

KorJJ:a He KaCaJIHCb HO)KHHl(bI,

TaK KaK BOJIOCbI CqHTaIOTC51

CB51meHHbIM JJ:apOM. B OCHOBe

paCH3Ma JIe)KaT CTepeOTHrrb1 H

605I3Hb KYJIbTypHb1X pa3JII1-

QHM, rrO.3TOMY M051 xapaKTep-

Ha51 BHeWHOCTb JJ:eJIaeT MeH51

Ml1weHbIO JJ:M rrOCT051HHOMHe-

HaBHCTI1, CB513aHHOMC HenpH-

51THeMHe3HaKOMbIX 06p5IJJ:OB.

51 JJ:OJIroeBpeM51MeqTaJI rro-

exaTb B IIOJIbwy, '-IT06bI rrpH-

H51Tb Y~IaCTHe B Me)KJJ:yuapoJJ:-

HOM weCTBHH )KHBymI1X, KorJJ:a

eBpel1 113 copOKa rr51TH CTpaH

HJJ:YTBMeCTe C TeMH, KTO rrepe-

)KHJI XOJIOKOCT. lIIecTBHe npo-

BOJJ:HTC51 BO BpeM5I Yom

Hashoah - 2lH51 rraM5ITH Xo-

JIOKOCTa,QT06bI rrO'-ITHTbrraJ\I5ITb

weCTH MHJIJIHOHOB y6HTbIX eB-

peeB 11'-IT06b1 C06paBIIIYIeC5I CO

Bcero CBeTa eBpeMcKHe rroJJ:po-

CTKH, rroceTI1B KOUl(eI-ITpal(IIOH-

HbIe JIarep5I Tpe6JIHHKa, MaM-

JJ:aHe1{H OCBeHl(HM - EHpKe-

Hay, Y3HaJI11 HCTOPHIO .3TorO

CTpaWI-IOrO rrpeCTyrrJIeHH51 rrpo-

THB qeJIOBeqeCTBa. Ka)KJJ:b1M

rOJJ:npHe3)KaeT OKOJIO' 500 '-Ie-

JIOBeK. BMeCTe C rrOCemeI-IHeM

JJ:pyrHx MeCT, I1Me10mHX oc060e

3Ha'-IeHHe JJ:JI5IeBpeikKoro Ha-

pOJJ:a(HarrpI1Mep, BapwaBcKoro

reTTo), .3TOilIecTBHe 51BMeTC51

QaCTb10 06pa30BaTeJIbHOM rrpo-

rpaMMbI JJ:M rrOJJ:pOCTKOB.OJJ:-

HY HeJJ:eJIIO OHH rrpOBOJJ:5ITB

IIoJIbwe, H3yqM CBoe rrpOWJIoe,

H OJJ:ny - B I13paHJIe. 67

· y·'6

IIepetJ, Te;-'I KaK OTflpamITb-

C51B IIoJIbUlY, }I rrorOBoprUI co

BceMH CBOHMH ,l(PY3b51MH, KOTO-

pble 3aHHM,HOTC51 rrpOCBeTYI-

TeJIbCKo:t'1 ,l(e51TeJIbHOCTbIO rro

TeMe XOJIOKOCTa. DOJIbIlIHHCT-

BO H3 HHX rOBOpHJIO MHe, 'UO B

IIOJIbllle 6e30rraCHO, HO 513a,l(a-

BaJI O,l(HII BrrOJIHe KOHKpeTHbIH

Borrpoc: ~CKOJIbKO "-IepHOKO-

JKHX JIIO,l(eH BbI mI,l(eJIH Ha YJIH-

ue? 1> 11 C YBepeHHOCTbIO Mory

CKa3aTb, "-ITO HHKTO H3 HHX He

rrpHrrOMHHJI HH O,l(HOro. Tor,l(a

51 rrorOBOpHJI C HeKoTopbIMH

CBOHMH eBpeHcKHMH ,l(PY3b51-

MH, H OHH TO>Ke CKa3aJIH, "-ITO

HHKOr,l(a He CTaJIKHBaJIHCb B

IIOJIbllle C 51pKHMH rrpe,l(CTamI-

TeJI5IMH KaKHX -JIH60 3THJIl.le-

CKHX MeHbIlIHHCTB.

5I CB513aJIC51 C JIIO,l(bMH H3

MeJK,l(YHapO,l(HOH rrporpaMMbI

rro MOHHTopHHry epallIHCTCKHX

rpyrrrr H OpraHH3aIIHt'I ~Search-

light1>, "-wit oclmc paCIIOJIO>KeH B

JIoH,l(OHe. O,l(IIH H3 HHX noco-

BeTOBaJI MHe H3 co06pa)I{eHl'IH

6e30nacHocTH exaTb B IIOJIblllY

B COC'faBe 60JIbiliOH rpynnbI.

Y3HaB, "-ITO51e,l(y O,l(IIH, OH CKa-

3aJI, 'ITO MHe CJIe,l(yeT 6bITb

KpaHHe OCTOPOJKHbIM.

Bce MOH 6eJIble ,l(PY3b51

C'IllTaJIH MeH51 HeMHoro napa-

HOHKOM. ~Ha,l(eIOcb, OHH rrpa-

BbI, - ,l(YMaJI 51, - H Bce

MOll CTpaXH JIHllib rrJIO,l( Bo06-

paJKeHH51». Ho KOr,l(a 51 roBO-

PllJI 0 TOM, "-ITOe,l(y B IIOJIbIlIY,

arm npocTo Tep51JIH ,l(ap pe'IH!

OmI 3HaJIH, "-ITO51 6y,l(y e,l(HH-

CTBeHHbIM CHKXOM BO BceH

IIOJIbllIe: rro HX MlIeHHIO, 3TO

caMO rro ce6e ,l(eJIaJIO ee ,l(JI51

MeH51 3anpeTHoH 30HOH.

MHe paCCKa3bIBaJIll 0 rrpo-

51BJIeHH51X OTKpbIToro aIITllCe-

MHTll3Ma B IIOJIbllIe, H 51rrOH51JI,

':ITO H caM He BCTpe"-IY rOCTe-

npHHMCTBa B 3TOH CTpaHe. 5ITaK orracaJIC51 B03MOJKHOrO pa-

CHCTCKoro HaCHJIII51, C KOTOPbIM

MOl' 6bI CTOJIKHYTbC51, "-ITO B

KOHue KOHUOB pellIIIJI rroexaTb

TOJIbKO Ha TpH ,l(H51.

B a3porropTY KpaKOBa Bce

MeH51 pa3r JI51,l(bIBaJIII, HO 51 He

IIMeJI HII"-Iero rrponm, TaK KaK

3TO 6bIJIa cOBepuremro HOp-

MaJIbHa51 peaKUH51. B aBT06y-

ce, rro ,l(opore II3 a3porropTa B

OTeJIb, 51 pa3rOBOpHJIC51 C aMe-

pHKaHcKIIMH TypIIcTaMH, II MbI

XOPOIliO rrpOBeJIl'I BpeM51.

Pa3MeCTHBllIHCb B rOCTH-

HHue, 51 pellIHJI rrpory JI51TbC51

,l(0 )KeJIe3HO,l(OpOJKHOH CTaH-

UIIH, paCrrOJIO>KeHHot'I HerrO,l(a-

JIeKY· Kor,l(a 51 BOllleJI B 3,l(a-

HHe BOK3aJIa, Bce 3aMOJIKJIH. 5IrrpoHrHopIIpOBaJI 3TO H rrpo-

CTO rrpIICOe,l(IIHHJIC51 K ,l(JIIIH-

HOH o"-lepe,l(ll, "-IT06bI KyrrIITb

6IIJIeT B OCBeHUHM, ropo,l(, B

KOTOPOM 6bIJIII pacrrOJIO)I{eHbI

HaUIIcTcKHe JIarep51 cMepTH.

B KOHue KOHUOB 51 KyrrHJI

6HJIeT H HarrpaBIIJIC51 K BbIXO-

,l(Y· OrJI51,l(eBIlIHCb, 51, K cBoeMY

Y)I{acy, YBH,l(eJI rpyrrrry CKHH-

Xe,l(OB, KOTOpa51 ,l(BHraJIaCb

rrp51MO B MOIO CTOPOHY. 5I CKa-

3aJI ce6e: ~ Y crrOKOHC51 H He

rrOKa3bIBaH rrpH3HaKOB CTpa-

xa» , - CTpax MO>KeT TOJlbKO

Bce IIcrropTHTb. 5I MOJIHJIC51 0

TOM, "-IT06bI OHII OKa3aJIHCb

CKHHXe,l(aMH -aHTYlepaIlIIICTaMH,

TaK KaK He Bce CKHHXe,l(bI pa-

CHCTbI. 3aTpY,l(HeHHe 6bIJIO B

TOM, 'ITO OHH 6bIJIH OJIeTbI TaK

)Ke, KaK CKHHXe,l(bI Ha 06JIO>KKe

JKypHaJIa ~Searchlight», r,l(e

6bIJIa nOMelileHa epOTorpacPH51

HaUllCTCKoro Mapilia B OCBeH-

UHMe. OIm rrO,l(OIliJIl'I 6JIJI)I{e H

3arOBOpHJlll CO MHO:t'I nO-rrOJIb-

CKII, 51 llX He rrOHHMaJI. 3aTO 51

TIOH51JI, KOr,l(a OHII Ha"-laJIH KPll-

"-IaTb ~Sieg heil» II rrO,l(HHMaTb

PYKH B HaUllCTCKOM np"IBeTCT-

BllII.

KaK BbI nOHHMaeTe, 516051JI-

C51 3a CBOIO 6e30naCHOCTb, TaK

KaK CTaHOBHTbC51 JKepTBOH Ha-

UHCTCKoro HaCHJIII5I 6bIJIO J\1He

He B HOBHHKY. IIoCKOJIbKY 51

3aHHMaJIC51 60eBbIMII IICKYCCT-

Ba]'vIII, TO 3HaJI, "-ITOB CJly"-rae Ha-

rra,l(eHII51 cMory rrOCT051Tb 3a

ce651. 5I rrOBHHMaTeJIbHee rrpH-

I'Jl51,l(eJIC51 K 3THM 6pHTOrOJIO-

BbIM, TaK KaK y HHX MOrJlH

6bITb HOJKH HJlII ,l(pyroe onac-

Hoe opY)KHe. 5I CMOTpeJI Ha

HHX H ,l(YMaJI, "-fTO, eCJIH OI-III

aTaKYIOT rrepBbIMH, 51 cMory

,l(aTb HM OTrrop. K C"-IaCTbIO,

OHII He HarraJIll Ha MeH51. B03-

70

MO/KHO, 11X OCTaHOB11JI MOH

pOCT. KTO 3HaeT, MOEeT 6bITb,

OH11rrpOCTO XOTeJI11rrOrrpaKT11-

KOBaThC5IHa KOM-H116Y,l{bB Ha-

U11CTCKOMrrp11BeTCTB1111!Ko-

po'-Ie rOBop5l, 516bIJI He B caMOM

rrp1151THOMpaCrrOJIO)KeH1111,l{Y-

xa, TaK KaK, rrp06bIB B ITOJIbille

MeHbille qaca, ycrreJI CTOJIK-

HYTbC5I C rrOJIbCK11M,l{B11)KeH11-

eM 6p11TOrOJIOBbIX, qero MHe

KaK pa3 XOTeJIOCb1136e)KaTb.

f JIaBI-IbIM 06pa30M MHe

6bIJIO rpYCTHO rrOTOMY, qTO 51

XOTeJI Bcero JI11IIIb OT,l{aTb

,l{aHb YBaEeHlI5I B .lleHb rraM5I-

T11 XOJIOKOCTa, a He BB5I3bI-

BaTbC5I B rrOTeHu11aJIbHbIe ,l{pa-

K11 co CK11HXe,l{aM11.ITo ::HOH

rrp11q11He 51 6bIJI oc06eHHO

6,l{11TeJIbHbIM. 5I ,l{OJIEeH 6bIJI

rrOCTapaThC5I He rrorraCTb B He-

rrp1151THOCT1111COXpaH11Tb 60,l{-

POCTb H crrOl<OHCTB11e,l{yxa.

B ueHTpe rop0,l{a, KY,l{a 51

3aTeM OTrrpaB11JIC5I,6bIJIO MHO-

ro 6eJIbIX TYP11CTOB-eBporreH-

ueB. lIecTI-IO Mory CKa3aTb, qTO

3a ,l{OJIr11e rO,l{bI 51 CTaJI 3KC-

rrepTOM B Borrpoce 0 TOM, 113

JII060rrbITCTBa Ha Te651r JIa3eeT

qeJIOBeK 11JI11rrOTOMY, qTO OH

paC11CT.BOT qTO CO MHOH rrpo-

1130IIIJIO.

MeH5I pa3r JI5I,l{bIBaJIH Bce

rrpoxO/K11e. Ha MeH5I Kp11qaJ!l'[,

063bIBa51 BceB03MOEHbIM11 pa-

C11CTCK11M11KJIWIKaM11 Ha pa3-

HbIX eBpOrreHCK11X 513bIKax.

MeH5I 3aCTaBJI5IJIH qYBCTBO-

BaTh ce651 He,l{OqeJIOBeKOM

rrpOCTO rrOTOMY, '-ITO51C11KX11,

eCJIH H,l{T11,l{0 KOHUa, e,l{11HCT-

BeliHbIH He6eJIbIH B 11X rrOJIe

3peHH5I. HeCMOTp51 Ha OC-

Kop6JIeHH5I, 51xpa6po rrp0,l{OJI-

EaJI CBOH rrYTb, 11 TYT rro,l{O-

IIIJIH ,l{Ba rrOJI5IKa 11 rrpOCTO

rrJIIOHYJI11 MHe B JI11UO. 5I no-

,l{YMaJI C HpOH11eH: %O'-IapOBa-

TeJIbHO... 3nI, rro KpaHHeii Me-

pe, OTKpOBeHHbI>'>.

ATl\JOccPepa 6bIJIa O'-IeHb

HarrpmKeHHOH, 113TO 6bIJI rro-

HaCT05lIIIeMY T5IEeJIbIH ,l{JI5I

MeH5I OrrbIT, 113Tex, qTO rrO,l{pbI-

BaIOT ,l{OBep11e 11 JII060Bb K

JIIO,l{51M.%He C0611paIOCb YCTY-

rraTh 3T11M TBep,l{oJI06bIM pa-

C11CTaM>,>,- ,l{YMaJI 51 11 rrpo-

,l{OJIEaJI 6PO,l{HTb rro ropo,l{Y,

XOT5I ,l{eJIO Mor JIO rrp11H5ITb

orraCHbIH 060pOT. XOTeJIOCb

,l{OKa3aTb, qTO 11MMeH5I He 3a-

rryraTh 11 He 3anpeT11Tb -

rrp5lMO HJI11 KOCBeHHO - rre-

pe,l{BHraTbC5I CB060,l{HO.

5I CBepHYJI Ha OtJ;HY11360-

KOBbIX YJIOqeK, 11MHe rrOKa3a-

JIOCb, '-ITO51B11EY ,l{YPHOH COIL

K MoeMY YEacy, Ha CTeHax B11-

ceJI11 aHT11CeM11TCK11enJIaKaTbI

C 11306paEeH11eM f11TJIepa CO

BCKHHYTOH PYKOH. 5I qYBCTBO-

BaJI ce651 r JIy60KO OCKop6JIeH-

HbIM.

3aTeM 51 OTrrpaB11JIC5I ,l{0-

MOH, peIII11B npo ce651, qTO Ha

3TOT ,l{eHb xpa6pOCT11 XBaT11T.

CTaHOBHJIOCb TeMHO. B OTeJIe

51CB5I3aJIC5ICOCB011MKOHTaKT-

HbIM JI11UOMB BapillaBe, MbI3a-

nJIaHHpOBaJIH BCTpeTHThC5I Ha

CJIe,l{YIOIII11H,l{eHb B OCBeHuH-

Me. 5I paCCKa3aJI 3TOH )KeH-

IIIHHe 11CTOPHIOCO CK11HXe,l{a-

M11, H OHa nOCOBeTOBaJIa 6bITb

OqeHb OCTOP0)KHbIM. OHa pac-

CKa3aJIa, qTO CK11HXe,l{bIHarra-

JI11Ha ,l{BYX ,l{eBOqeK H3 rpyrr-

rrbI eBpeHCK11X rrO,l{pOCTKOB,

nOCeIIIaBIII11X C11Harory B Bap-

IIIaBe; TOr,l{a OTMeqaJIC5I .lleHb

He3aB11C11MOCTH,11HaU110HaJI11-

CT11qeCKHe qYBCTBa 6bIJIH 3a-

MeTHO rrO,l{orpeTbI.

B peCTopaHe npH OTeJIe 51

3aKa3aJI BereTap11aHCKYIO e,l{Y:

)KapeHYIO KapTOlliKY 116YThIJI-

Ky rrerrCI1-KOJIbI. 5I C11,l{eJIH OT-

,l{bIXaJI, I1 TYT rrapa, CH,l{51IIIa5I3a

coce,l{HI1M CTOJIHKOM, HaqaJIa

BbIKp11KHBaTb MHe qTO-TO

OCKop611TeJIbHOe rrO-rrOJIbCKH.

OH11 rrOKa3bIBaJI11 Ha MOIO 60-

P0,l{Y I1 TIOp6aH 11, rrO-BH,l{HMO-

MY, XOTeJIH,qT06bI5I CH5IJITIOP-

6aH. lITO 11HTepeCHO, 0cPHu11-

aHTKa rrpOCTO CT05lJIa P5l,l{OM C

H11M11I1 He rrbITaJIaCb OCTaHO-

B11TbrrOTOK OCKop6JIeHHH. IIo-

BepbTe MHe, 51 e,l{Ba JIH 6bIJI

Y,l{HBJIeH! 5I He Mor ,l{a)Ke OTBe-

THTb HM, TaK KaK He rOBOpIO

rrO-nOJIbCKH. LIepe3 HeKOTopoe

BpeM5I 3THM JIIO,l{51M,KOTopble

TaK OClwp6HJI11 MOlO peJIHrII03-

HYIO BHelliHOCTb, Ha,l{OeJIO PY-

ranc5I H OHH OCTaBHJII1rronbIT-

KH BbIBecnI MeH5I H3 ce651.

IIocJIe I3cero 3Toro Ha rro-

e3,l{e exaTb He XOTeJIOCb. KTO

6bI Mor rropY'-IHTbC5I, '-ITOTaM He

6Y,l{eT CKHHXe,l{OI3? B rrpo-

IIIJIOM 6p11TOrOJI0I3ble Cbe3)Ka-

JIHCb I3 OCBeHUHM Ha ,l{eMOHCT-

paUHH C ueJIbIO rrp11BJIeqb BH11-

Mal-IHenpeccbI H, rJIaBlIOe, ,l{Oca-

,l{HTb eBpeHcKoMY co06IIIecTBY·

I1TaK, H3 '-IYBcTBa caMOCO-

xpaHeHH5I 51peIIIHJI B351TbTaK-

CH. DOJIbIIIYIO '-IaCTb cBoei::'rC03-

HaTeJIbHOH E113HH 51rOTOBHJIC5I

K 3ToI:'I rrOe3,l{Ke, H MHe XOTe-

JIOCb ,l{06paTbc5I ,l{0 MeCTa ue-

JIbIM H HeBpe,l{HMbIM.

Ha CJIe,l{YIOlUHI:'I ,l{eI-Ib 51

npocrrYJIc5I parro H )K,l{aJI, rrOKa

rrpH6y.n;eT Moe TaKCH. BO,l{H-

TeJIb OKa3aJIC5I OqeHb ,l{PYEe-

JII06HbIM. MHe rraKoHeU-To

Y,l{aJIOCb HeMHoro oCMoTpeTb

,l{OCTorrpHMeqaTeJIbHOCTH, He

605lCb, qTO KTO-HH6y.n;b pac-

KBaC11TMHe JIHUO TOJIbKO rro-

TOMY, '-ITO51CHKX. 5I 6bIJI rrOJI-

HOCTbIO rrorpYEeH B MbICJI110

,l{He, KOToporo TaK .n;oJIro 71

it!W" t$llSt'TlYtWtr'tT f· hn

72

)I<.n;aJI.Ha no.n;"be3.n;eK OCBeH-

I(HMY .n;0po)KHble 3HaKH 6bIJIH

pa3pHCOBaHbI aHTHceMHTCKH-

MH rpacj)(j:n'lTH, H306pa)I{aIOII(H-

MH 3Be3.n;y lI:aBYr.n;a,BHC51lI(YIO

Ira BHCeJIYrI(e. EbIJIO 60JIbHO

cMoTpeTb Ha 3TO OTI<pbIToe

rrp051BJIeHHe HeHaBHCTH K eB-

pe5lM B KOHlle 1990-x ro.n;oB.

HaKoHell 51 BOmeJI B rre-

qaJIbHO 3HaMeHHTwe BopoTa

OCBeHI(HMa. llaCTb eBpet'[-

CKIIX no.n;pocTKOB npHeXaJIa

3a HeKoTopoe BpeM5l nepe.n;

UlecTBHeM, QT06bI noceTHTb

MeMOpHaJI. JIHqHOe HMYlI(ecT-

BO eBpeeB, HX BOJIOCbI,BbICTaB-

JIeHHble B BHTpHHax MY3e51,

rrpe.n;cTaBJI51JIHC060H no- Ha-

CT05llI(eMY .n;ymepa3.n;HpaIOIllee

3peJIHII{e. 51 6bIJI rrepenOJII-IeH

CKop6bIO. O.n;HH3KcnOHaT 6y-

KBaJIbHO 3aCTaBHJI MeWI nJIa-

KaTb: BH.n; .n;eTcKot'r o.n;e)K.n;bI

rrpWIHH5IJI HaCT05llI(ee cTpa.n;a-

HHe. 51 .n;oJIro pa3MbIlliJI51JI 0

.n;eTcKHx cy.n;b6ax. 3aTeM 51

rromeJI nOKJIOHHTbC51 CTeHe

cMepTH, Y KOTOPOH6bIJIO Ka3-

HeHO MHoro nOJI51KOB.TaK )I{e

CHJIbHO MeH5l rrOTp5lC BH.n; ne-

"'-IeHB JIarepe.

C06paJIOCb MHoro 0PTO-

.n;oKCaJIbHbIX eBpeeB co Bcero

cBeTa, OHHMOJIHJIHCbHa .n;peB-

HeeBpeHCKOM 513bIKe. lI:JI51 Me-

H51 npHcYTcTBOBaTb Ha lI:He

rraM5ITH XOJIOKOCTa 6bIJIO

60JIblliHM .n;YllieBHbIM rroTp51-

ceHHeM. Tpy.n;HO nepe.n;aTb

CJIOBaMH MOH "'-IYBcTBa, HO 51

.n;OJI)I{eH6bIJI Qepe3 3TO npOH-

TH, qT06bI oT.n;aTbJ{aHb naM51TH

TeM, KTOrronr6.

~He HaKoHell y.n;aJIOCb

BCTpeTHTbc51 co CBOHM KOH-

TaKTHbIM JIHI{OM - HHPOH,

KOTopa51 .n;OJI)I{Ha 6bIJIa pac-

CKa3aTb MHe 06 OCTaJIbHbIX

C06bITH51X 3Toro .n;H51. OHa

6bIJIa O"'-IeHb.n;06pa co MI-Iati H

rrOCOqYBcTBOBaJIa MOHM 3JIO-

KJIIO"'-IeHH5lM.~O)I{eTe JIH BbI

rrpe.n;craBHTb, "'-ITO3Ha"'-IHTHC-

rrbITaTb Ha ce6e paCHCTCKoe

OTHOllieHHe H He HMeTb HHKO-

ro, C KeM MO)KHO6bIJIO 6bI rro-

.n;eJIHTbC513THM? 51 n06JIaro-

.n;apHJI ee 3a TO, qTO aHa no-

3BOJIHJIa MHe npHH51Tb yqa-

CHIe B nOMHHaJIbHOH cJIY)K6e,

KOTopa51 .n;OJI)I{Ha6bIJIa COCTO-

51TbC51 B EHpKeHay. HHpa

6eCnOKOHJIaCb 0 MoeH 6e30-

rraCHOCTHH nOCOBeTOBaJIa.n;o-rOBOpHTbC5I C TaKcH, qT06w

OHO Ha BC51KHHCJIY"'-IaH)I{.n;aJIO

MeH51B EHpKeHay. EOJIblliHH-

CTBO eBpeHcKHX no.n;pocTKOB

rrpHeXaJIH B aBT06ycax, B Ka-

)I{.n;OMH3 KOTOPbIX 6bIJIH ox-

paHHHKH. CTapmHt'r ocjmI(ep

oxpaHbI CKa3aJI, qT06bI 51 He

6po.n;HJI HHr.n;e B O.n;HHo"'-IecT-

Be. OH BeJIeJI MHe .n;ep)I{aTbC51

B cepe.n;HHe meCTBH51. 51 no-

CJIe.n;OBaJIero COBeTY.

~bI C06HpaJIHCb B KOJIOH-

HY .n;JI51 ~e)I{AYHapo.n;Horo

weCTBH51 )I{HBYlI(HX, H 51 BH-

.n;eJI BOKpyr ce65l MHO)I{eCTBO

.n;pY)I{eJII06HbIX JIHI(. 51 "'-IYB-

CTBOBaJI ce65l nO-HaCT05llI(e-

MY JIerKO B OKpY)KeHHH eB-

pet'rcKoro 06lI(eCrBa. 3TH

JIIO.n;H6bIJIH KaK OAHa 60JIb-

wa5l ceMb51, H HH OT Koro H3

HHX He HCXOAHJIO HeHaBHC-

TH. lI:YMaIO, HeKOTopble H3Y-

MHJIHCb, YBHAeB CHKxa, npH-

HHMaIOlI(erO yqaCTYre B HX

UleCTBHH. TOJIbKO npeA-

CTaBbTe ce6e: TbIC51"'-IHeBpeeB

H OAHH CHKX! H3paHJIbCKHe

no.n;pOCTKH nOAOWJIH Ccj:>OTO-

rpacj:>HpOBaTbC51 co MHOH, H

HaM 6bIJIO TaK)I{e OqeHb HH-

TepeCHO 6eceAOBaTb .n;pyr C

.n;pyrOM. ~eH5l Aa)I{e CHHMa-

JIH Ha BHAeo.

Ka)I{.n;bIHnOApOCTOK,npeA-

CTaBJI5IBWHHKaKYIO-JIH60CTpa-

HY, Aep)KaJI CBOHHallHOHaJIb-

HbIH cj:>JIar.~He BbmaJIa qeCTb

rrpeACTaBJI5lTb BeJIl'1K06pHTa-

HHIO, TaK KaK B 3TOMro.n;y HH-

KTO H3 MOHX corpa)I{AaH He

npHeXaJI Ha IlleCTBYle. Bo

r JIaBe IllecTBH5l WJIH H3pa-

HJIbCKHe nOApocTKH. 51 pe-

WHJI, qTO To)Ke XOqy HATH BI1e-

pe.n;H rrOCJIe Bcero Toro KOlli-

Mapa, KOTopblt'r 51HCnbITaJI, .n;o-6Hpa5ICb CIo.n;a.

P51.n;OM C rrOApOCTKaMH

mJIH Te, KTO nepe)I{HJI XOJIO-

KOCT; OHH paCCKa3bIBaJIH MO-

JIOAe)KH 0 CBoeM npOWJIOM -

o TOM, qTO 6y.n;YlI(He rrOKOJIe-

HH51He .n;OJI)I{IIbI3a6bIBaTb.

HY)KHO 6bIJIO npOHTH

rreWKOM .n;BeMHJIH OT OCBeH-

I(lIMa .n;o EHpKeHay, - 3TO

6bIJIO r JIaBHOe C06bITYre AH51.

Bce MbI C06paJIHCb B OCBeH-

I(HMe, "'-IT06bI npOAeJIaTb TOT

)I{e nYTb, "'-ITO1'16eC"'-IHCJIeIiHble

eBpeH, KOTOPbIX rFlaJIH ~Map-

weM CMepTH» B ra30Bble Ka-

MepbI EHpKeHay.

Ka)I{.n;blt'r HCTIbITbIBaJI I(e-

JIYIO raMMY "'-IYBCTB.~Honre

rro.n;pOCTKH 06HHMaJIH .n;pyr

.n;pyra, qTo6blrrpH060.n;PHTbC51,

HeKOTopble 6bIJIH MOJIqaJIHBbI

H THXO )I{.n;aJIHHa"'-IaJIaUleCT-

ElI5I. EbIJI AaH CHrHaJI K Ha"'-Ia-

JIY, H Bce MbI Me.n;JleHHOTPO-

HYJIHCb B nYTb. 51 Ha"'-IaJIMO-

JIHTbC51npo ce65I, APynle Ha-

rreBaJIH rreCHH 0 MHpe. 51 3a-

MeTHJI rpacj:>cj:>HTH,CAeJIaHHble

HeOHaI(HCTaMH. O.n;Ha Ha.n;-

TIHCb r JIaCHJIa: ~HeMeI(KHH

KYJIbTYPHbIH I(eHTp~ - H

CTpeJIKa, YKa3bIBaIOlI(a51 Ha

OCBeHI(HM. 51 rrpo.n;OJI)I{aJI

H.n;TH, YCTpeMJI5I51 Bce CBOH 73

MbICJHI K rrOrIr6IIIHM B KaTa-

CTpOepe.

O,lJ,Ha)KeHIlIHHa, rrepe)KHB-

IIIa51 XOJIOKOCT, IIIJIa OKOJIO

MerI5I, BCrrOMHHaJIa CBoe rrpo-

UIJIoe H pa3rOBapHBaJIa C ,lJ,e-

BO'-IKaMH, Be,lJ,YIlI:HlvlHee rro,lJ,

PYKH.

Bce rrO,lJ,,lJ,ep)KHBaJI¥I,lJ,Pyr

,lJ,Pyra. EBpe~CKa51 oxpaua

6bIJIa ua BH,lJ,Y. Y cTaplUero

oepHuepa, C KOTOPbIM 51rOBO-

PHJI, 6bIJI 6HHOKJIb, H OH CMOT-

peJI llepe3 3a60pbI B,lJ,OJIb.l(0-

porH, ue cKpbIBaeTc51JIH 3a UH-

MH KaKa51-JIH60 orraCHOCTb. 51TO)Ke ,lJ,ep)KaJIyxo BOCTPO --

CBoero p0,lJ,a YCJIOBHbI~ peep-

JIeKC, Bblpa60TaBlUHt'rc51 BO

BpeM51 ;:'lT0~ rrOe3,lJ,KH,TaK KaK

51 rrYTelUecTBOBaJI B O,lJ,HHO'-Ie-

CTBe.

ITPHCYTCTBOBaJla TaK)Ke

rrOJIbCKM "rIOJIHUH51:oua ,lJ,OJI)K-

ua 6bIJIa He ,lJ,OrrYCTHTbCTOJIK-

HOBeuH51C HeOHaUHCTaMH, KO-

Topble KOr,lJ,a-TO yrpO)KaJIH,

'-ITO Uarra,lJ,YT Ha eBpe~CKHX

rrO,lJ,pOCTKOB.MbI rrpH6JIH)Ka-

JIHCb K BXO,lJ,YB .6HpKeHay.

Cep,lJ,ue Y MeH513a6HJIOCb 6bI-

CTpee. Kor,lJ,a MbI BOlUJIH, 51

6bIJI B CJIe3ax. 51 BH,lJ,eJI,lJ,eBO'-I-

Ky-rrO,lJ,pOCTKa, KOTopa51 rrJla-

KaJIa, JIe)Ka Ha )KeJIe3HO,lJ,0-

PO)KHbIX rrYT51X. ITO,lJ,06HbIX

XBaTaIOIlIHX 3a )KHBOe cueH

6bIJIO MHO)KeCTBO. O,lJ,Horo

CTapHKa rrpHlUJIOCb rrO,lJ,XBa-

THTb rro,lJ, PYKH - OH ue Mor

H,lJ,TH6e3 rrOCTopOHHe~ rrOMO-

IlIH. ITcHXOJIOrWleCI<H Bce 3TO

6bIJIO O'-IeHb T51)KeJIO.MHorHe,

BKJIIO'-IM MeH51,MOJIHJIHCb,rro-

Ka lUJIH rro peJIbCaM ,lJ,0pa3Ba-

JIHH ra30BbIX KaMep.

OCBeHUHM - .6HpKeHay

6bIJI caMbIM 60JIblUHM KOH-

ueHTpaUHOtIHblM JIarepeM, rro-

CTpoeHHbIM UaI.rHCTa~IH. MbI

Bce xpaI-IHJIH i\fOJI'-laHHe. ITo-

MHHaJIbUa51 i\lOJIHTBa '-UITa-

JIaCb Ha :YIBpHTe Ha MeCTe 0,lJ,-

liO~ H3 ra30BbIX KaMep.

BblcTyrramr rrO,lJ,poCTKI1

H3 pa3HbIX cTpaH, OrHI 3a'-lH-

TbIBaJIH crrHCOK H3BeCTHbIX

)KepTB. HeI{QTopble rOBopH-

JIH TpOraTeJIbHble pe'-HI.

O,lJ,:YIHH3 BblcTyrraBlUHx CKa-

3aJI, '-ITOHe rrpOUIJIO H 50 JIeT,

KaK Y)Ke CTam'I rr051BJI51TbC51

Te, KTO YTBep)K,lJ,aeT, '-ITO Xo-

JIOKOCTa Bo0611Ie He 6bIJIO.

OH ,lJ,06aBHJI, '-ITO epH3Wle-

CKHe ,lJ,OKa3aTeJIbCTBa 3TO~

Tpare,lJ,HH He Be'-IHbI H '-ITOMbI

He ,lJ,OJI)KHbI rmI{Qr,lJ,a 3a6bI-

BaTb 0 TOM, '-ITO 3,lJ,eCbrrpo-

H30lUJIO. MHe 6bIJIO rrpH51THO

YBH,lJ,en Cpe,lJ,H ,lJ,pyrHx epJIa-

rOB rrOJIOTHHllIe C Ha,lJ,rrHCbIO

~ITOJIbCKHe ,lJ,PY3b51 .I13pa-

HJI51~.

IIocJIe 3Toro Ka)K,lJ,bI~CMor

nO,lJ,O~TH K MeMOpHaJIbHOMY

MeCTY· 5I yrraJI Ha KOJIeHH y

pa3BaJIHH ra30BblX KaMep H

MOJI'-IarrJIaKa.JI.51 MOJIHJIC513a

1I0JITOpa MHJIJIHOHaeBpeeB CO

Bce~ EBporrbI, KOTopble rrorII6-

JIH 3,lJ,eCb.51 rrOKJI51JIC51HHKO-

r,lJ,a He 3a6bIBaTb Toro, '-ITO

UPOH30lUJIO,H 60POTbC51C TO~

neHaBHCTbIO, KOTopa51 CTaJIa

IIpH'-mHO~ CMepTH 60JIee '-IeM

lIIeCTH MHJIJIHOHOBeBpeeB. 51:la)Ker CBe'-lYB HX rraM51Tb. Bo

BpeM51 uepeMOHHH 6bIJIO 3a-

)K)KeHO lUeCTb CBe'-Ie~ - B

naM51Tb 0 lUeCTH MHJIJIHOHaX

CBpeeB, rrorH6lUHX BO BpeM51

XOJIOKOCTa.

B O,lJ,HOMH3 6apaKOB CO-

6paJIHCb rrO,lJ,pOCTKH, '-IT06bI

1I0CJIYlUaTb )KHBbIX CBH,lJ,eTe-

JIe~ TeX C06bITH~. O,lJ,Ha CTa-

pa51 )KeHIl(HHa rrOKa3aJIa Me-

CTO, r,lJ,eOHa paHblUe crraJIa, a

TaK)Ke paCCKa3aJIa 0 Tex, KTO

lIe BbI)KHJI. Ha Bcex rrpOH3Be-

Jm CHJIbHOe Brre'-IaTJIeI-me

paCCKa3bI 0 TOM, KaK 3TO Bce

6bIJIO Ha caMOM ,lJ,eJIe.51 3HaIO,

llTO ,lJ,JI51JIIO,lJ,e~,KOTopble 3TO

rrepe)KHJIH, 6bIJIO O'-IeUb He-

JIerKO CHOBa BcrrOMHHaTb

rrpOlUJIOe.

51 B rrOCJIe,lJ,HH~pa3 OKH-

lIY JI B3r JI51,lJ,OM.6HpKeHay, C

rre'-IaJIbIO pa3MbllUJI51510 TOM,

KaK MbI MO)KeM )KHTb B Ta-

KOM )KeCTOKOM MHpe, H Ha-

rrpaBHJIC51 K aBT06ycaM, KO-

Topble Y)Ke C06HpaJIHCb OT-

npaBJl51TbC51 B 06paTI-IbI~

rrYTb. Moe TaKeH O)KH,lJ,aJIO

MeH51. MbI C HHPO~ rrorrpo-

llIaJIHCb, H 51 rr06JIarO,lJ,apHJI

ee 3a ,lJ,06POTYH rrOMOllIb, no-

3BOJIHBIIIHe ~IHe npHH51Tb

Y'-Iacnle B illecTBHH H B Me-

MOpHaJIbHO~ cJIY)K6e_ OHa

Bce eUre 6eCrrOKOHJIaCb 0 MO-

e~ 6e30rraCHOCTH H XOTeJIa

y6e,lJ,HTbC51, liTO 51 crrOKO~HO

ye,lJ,y ua TaKCH.

Ha CJlC,lJ,YIOIl(H~,lJ,eHb51PC-

lUHJI rrOCCTHn cpa6pIIKY

illHH,lJ,JIepa H CHHarory, KaK

COBCTOBaJIa HHpa. cDa6pHKa

OKa3aJIaCb HC TaKO~ 60JIblUO~,

KaK B epIIJIbMC, H 51HC O'-ICHb

,lJ,oJIro XO,lJ,HJIrro He~, TaK KaK

rrpHBJIeKaJ1 CJIHlUKOM rrpH-

CTaJIbHOe BHHMaUHe MeCTHoit

rry6JIHKH. Ha CTCHax 51 YBH-

,lJ,eJI MHO)KeCTBO rpaepepH-

TIl, HCrrOJIHCrrHbIXHerraBHCTH:

CBaCTI-IKIl, "white power~

( @JlaCTb 6eJIblx» ) , " GAS

JEWS~ (~EBpeeB - B ra30-

Bble KaMepbI~). 5I He XOTeJI

CTOJIKHYTbC51C TeMIl, KTO 3TO

Bce rrHCaJI...

ITo ,lJ,opore B CHHarory, B

HeCKOJIbKHX 51p,lJ,axOT Hec, 51

YBIl,lJ,eJIeUre O,lJ,HHrrJIaKaT: TpH

-~-"-"--: M

76

0PTO,l(OKCaJIbHbIX eBpe51 B rre-

pe'-IepKHYTOM Kpyre (HeT BXO-

,l(a eBpe51M). XOT51 51 He Mor

rrpo~eCTb TeKCT rro,l( H306pa-

)f(eHHeM, IIJIaKaT 6bIJI 6e3 CO-

MHeHH51 aHT¥IceMHTCKHM. YMetI5I, He3aBHCHMoro Ha6mo,l(a-

TeJI51, HaXO,l(51merOC51BrIe eB-

peHCKO~I BepbI, 3Ta OTKpbITa51

,l(el\IOHCTpaIIH51rrerraBHCTH Bce

eme CTOHT rrepe,l( rJIa3aMH. 51I1CrrbITaJI OCTPYIO ,l(YIIIeBHYIO

60JIb, OC06eHI-IO KOr,l(a BcrrOM-

Hl1JI, lUO B ITOJIbIIIe 6bIJIO '-Ie-

Tblpe tIaIIHCTCKHX JIarep51

CMepTH.

MHe rrpHIIIJIOCb rrOKHHYTb

cHHarory, TaK KaK CTaHOBHJIOCh

TelVIlIO H 51, '-IeCnIO rOBop51, He

'-IYBCTBOBaJIce651B 6e30rraCHO-

CTH. ITo ,l(opore B OTeJIb MeH51

On51ThBCTpeT¥IJInOTOK OCKop6-

JIetIHH, XOT51Ha 3TOM 3Tane 51

peIIIHJI, ~TO paCHCTCKoe onIO-

IIIeHHe 3THX JIIO,l(eit KO MHe -

3TO HX c06CTBetIHa51 np06JIe-

Ma. C MoeH TO'-IKH 3peHH51, 51

n06e,l(HJI: Be,l(b 51 CYMeJI rrpH-

H51Th y~acTHe B nHe rraM51TH

XOJIOKOCTa HeCMOTp51Ha Tex,

'-IbHM HaMepeHHeM 6bIJIO 3aCTa-

BHTb MeH51nO~YBCTBOBaTh ce-

651 He)f(eJIaHHbIM rOCTeM. 51npHBhIK HMeTh ,l(eJIO C paCH3-

MOMH paCHCTaMH, TaK KaK 3TO,

xo~eIIIb He xo~eIIIb, ~aCTb MoeH

)KH3HH.

HaYTpo 51Y)Ke C HeTeprre-

HHeM )K,l(aJI, KOr,l(a CHOBa OKa-

)f(YCb ,l(OMa! ne)f(ypHa51 rro

oTemo, rrOJIbKa Cpe,l(HHX JIeT,

CrrpOCHJIa, BepHycb JIH 51eme B

ITOJIbIIIY. aHa o~eHh TerrJIO KO

MHe OTHOCl1JIaCb,H 51HHKOr,l(a

He 3a6y,l(Y ee ,l(06POTY, oc06eH-

HO ,l(parOIIeHHYIO ,l(JI51 MeH51

TOr,l(a, KOr,l(a 51CTaJIKIIBaJIC51co

Bce06meH HeHaBHCTbIO KO

MHe.

B a3porropTY, rrpoxo,l(51 pe-

rHcTpaIIHlo, 51YBH,l(eJI rpynny

nO)f(HJIbIX MOHaxHHb, B rrOBe-

,l(eHHH KOTOPhIX no OTHOIIIe-

HHIO KO MHe 6hIJI BH,l(eH TaKoH

HerrpHKphIThli:"I pacH3M, ~TO 51

CrrpOCHJI ce651, KaK OHH MorYT

C'-IHTaTb ce651 CJIyraMH focrro-

,l(a. MHe O'-IeHh XOTeJIOCb OT-

BeTI1Th 11M JJ:OCTOHHhIM06pa-

30M. Y Bac, B03MOlKHO, CJIO)f(H-

JIOCb Erre'-IaTJIeHHe, '-ITO 51 '-Ie-

pec~yp ~YBCTB11TeJIeH, ~TO

OHH, Bep051THO,CMe51JIHChHa,l(O

MHOH 6e3 3JIOrO YMhICJIa, HO

Ha,l(O 6bIJIO BYI,l(eTb 3TO CBOH-

M11rJIa3aM11, '-IT06bI nOH51Th,Ha-

CKOJIhKO HeYMeCTHbIM 6bIJIO

HX rrOBe,l(eHHe.

MeH51 BOCrrHTa.TIH B YBa-

)f(eHHH rro OTHOIIIeHHIO KO

BceM peJIHrH51M, 51,l(a)f(e O,l(Ha-

)K,l(bI rrOCeTHJI IIepKOBb B Kpa-

KOBe. MOHaXHH51M, rrO,l(YMaJI

51, He06xo,l(HMO rroceTHTb CB51-

LiletIHeHIIIee ,l(JI51CHKXOB Me-

CTO - 30JIOTYIO ~aCOBHIO B

11H,l(HH. 30JIOTa51 '-IaCOBH51

I1MeeT '-IeTblpe BXO,l(a, 11 3TO

CHMBOJIH~eCKH 0603Ha'-IaeT,

lITO 3,l(eCb rrpHBeTCTBYIOTC51

Bce MHpOBhle peJIHrHH H '-ITO

OHH paBHbI Me)K,l(Y c060i:"1.

B03MO)KHO, eCJIH6hI 3TH MOHa-

XHHH XOTh pa3 n06hlBaJIH TaM

11YBH,l(eJIH, C KaKoi:"I TenJIOTOH

I1X BCTpe'-IaIOTB HaIIIeM 06me-

CTBe, OHH 6bI rrOH51JIH, Ha-

CKOJIbKO HeJIerr peJIHrYI03HhIH

epaHaTH3M.

51 B03Bpama.TIC51B JIOH,l(OH

3MOIIHOHaJIbHO HCTOII~eHHbIM.

3a 3TH TpH ,l(H5151HeCKOJIbKO

pa3 ycrreJI peIIIHTh, '-ITO HHKO-

r,l(a He BbI6epYCh )KHBhIM H3

ITOJIbIIIH.

EOJIb, KOTOpYIO51HCrrbITaJI,

CJIblIIIa paccKa3bI 0 XOJIOKO-

CTe Herrocpe,l(CTBeHHo OT Tex,

KTO ero rrepe)KHJI, He Hc~e3HeT

HHKor,l(a. 113 a3porropTa MHe

Ha,l(O 6bIJIO exaTb Ha JIOH,l(OH-

CKOM MeTpo. OHO )KHBO Ha-

rrOMHHJIO MHe peJIbCbI, Be,l(Y-

mHe B ra30Bhle KaMephI EHp-

KeHay. B BarOHe 51 BH,l(eJI

MHO)KeCTBO c~aCTJIHBbIX

JIHI! - H ,l(YMaJI 0 TOM, KaKO-

BO rrpHXO,l(HJIOCb eBporreH-

CKHM eBpe51M B ~noe3,l(aX

CMepTH~. Ha Ka)f(,l(OM mary

MHe BCTpe~aJIHCb HarrOMHHa-

HH510 MoeM ne'-IaJIhHOM rrYTe-

IIIeCTBHH.

51 Bcer,l(a rrpl1,l(ep)KHBaJIC51

TO'-IKH3peHH51, ~TO paCH3M -

3TO HeBHJ(HMa51TpaBMa H '-ITO

TeM, KTO He OmYTl1JI ero rra ce-

6e, B03lVIO)KHO,HeJIerKO nO-Ha-

CT05IIll.eMY OC03I-IaTh 3TO 51B-

JIeHHe. 51 l1MeJIlleCTb BCTpe-

'-IaTbC51 B JIoH,l(OHe C rrepe-

)Kl1BIIIHMH XO.TIOKOCTmO,l(bMH,

H OHH Bccr,l(a OTHOCHJIHCbKO

MHe C 60JIbIIIOH ,l(06poToi:"r, XO-

T51516bUI ew,mCTBeHHhIM CHK-

XOM B HX 06IIIeCTBe. O,l(HH H3

HHX rOBOpHJI MHe, '-ITO O'-IeHb

06ecnOKoeH POCTOM KOJIH'-Ie-

CTBa HCOHaIIHCTCKHX aTaK Ha

npe,l(CTaBHTeJIeH 3THl1~eCKl1X

MeHhIIII1HCTB B JIoH,l(OHe.

Ba)KHO rrOMHHTh, '-ITOHaIIHCTbI

He HC'-Ie3JIl1, XOT51H 6hIJIH rro-

6e)K,l(eHbI BO BTopoi:"r MHpOBOH

Boi:"IHe, H '-ITOOHH He rrepeCTa-

.TIlT COBepIIIaTb HaCHJIHe no

OTHOIIIeHHIO K eBpe51M H ,l(PY-

rHM 3THH'-IeCKHM MeIIbIIIHHCT-

BaM.

Ha,l(eIOCb, ~TO MOH pac-

CKa3 He rrOJIY'-IlTJIC51 aHTH-

nOJIhCKHM. 51 TBep,l(O 3HaIO,

~TO OTHIO,l(h He Bce rrOJI51KH

aHTHceMHThI. MI-IOrYre rrOJI51-

KH pHCKOBaJIH CBOHMH )KH3-

H51MHBO BpeM51BOHHhI, '-IT06hI

crraCTH eBpeeB. 51 ~TY HX

xpa6pOCTb. 77

,"kft- rt det

.lIHCTCKHMHO~1epKaMHH Ol(err-

KaMH B 3TOMno TOKe Bce 60.lIee

3aMeTHbI 3KCrrepTI-Ib1e aHa.lIH-

TH~IeCKHeMaTepHa.lIb1 HCTOPH-

KOB, COIJ;HO.lIOrOBH I-OPHCTOB.

Cep,"eii fiE.lIHKOB

Cepreii neJIHKoB. BpI1TOrOJIOBbre:Bee 0 eKHHxe~ax.3KCKJII03I1BHbIeMaTepHaJIbI.M., 2002. - 175 c.AJIeKCaH)l,p BepxoBcKHii. rocy~apcTBo rrpoTHBpa~HKaJIbHOrO HaI.(HOHaJIH3Ma.qTO ~eJIaTb H qero He~eJIaTb? M.: POO «I(eHTp "I1aHopaMa"», 2002. - 220 c.B.sIqeCJIaB JIHXaqeB. HaU;H3MB POeeHI1.M.: POO «I(eHTp"I1aHopaMa"», 2002. - 176 e.

}

.6PHToronoBhlE

JII1TepaTypa, rrOCB5Ill(eIIHa51

HaIJ;H3MYB cOBpeMer-IHoHPoc-

CHH, MHo)KI1TC5I - rro~ CTaTb

POCTy caMoro 5IB.lIeHH5I,K CO-

)Ka.lIeHHIO. BMeCTe C )J{ypHa-Capa6a)f(U CWiZX

~OCKaMI1, rrOTOMY ~ITOrro HO-

~IaM rrpHXO~5IT CKlIHxe~bI 11

6pocaIOT B HHX 6eH3HHOBble

60M6b1.

51 Ha~eIOCb, ~ITO MOH pac-

CKa3 ~OCTHrHeT Tex, KTO HH

pa3Y He CTaHOBH.lIC5I06beKTOM

paCHCTCKoro rrpeC.lIe~OBaHH5I,

H rrOMO)J{eTHM rrOH5ITb,~ITO3TO

TaKoe.

HanOC.lIe~OK 5I rrp¥IBe~y

3HaMeHHTYIO IJ;HTaTYH3 Map-

TI11'1aHHMe.lI.lIepa, HeMeIJ;Iwro

JII-OTepaHCKoro rraCTopa, KO-

TOPb1H 6b1.lI apeCTOBaH Ha-

IJ;HCTaMH H OTrrpaB.lIeH B Jla-

repb l(axay B 1938 ro~y: %B

fepMaI-IHH HaL~HCTb1crrepBa

rrpHlll.lII1 3a KOMMYHI1CTaMH,H

5I He B03pa3H.lI, TaK KaK He

6bIJI KOMMYHHCTOM. 3aTeM

OHH npHIIIJIH 3a eBpe5IMH, H 5I

CHOBa He B03pa3I1.lI, TaK KaK

He 6b1.lI eBpeeM. 3aTeM OHH

rrpI1111.lIH3a rrpoepCOI03HbIMH

~e5ITe.lI5IMH, H 5I He B03pa3H.lI,

TaK KaK He 6bI.lI rrpoepCOI03-

HbIM ~e5ITe.lIeM. 3aTeM OHI1

rrpI1111.lII13a KaTO.lIHKaMH, H 5I

He B03pa3H.lI, TaK KaK 6b1.lI

rrpOTeCTaHTOM. 3aTeM OHH

rrpHlll.lII1 3a MHOH, H K TOMY

BpeMeHH He OCTa.lIOCb Y)Ke

HI1KOrO, KTO 6bI Mor B03pa-

3HTb:l>.

MHe rOBOpIVII1, LITO, B03-

MO)J{HO, 5I BCTpeTIfJI CTO.lIbKO

HeHaBI1CTI1 rrpocro rrOTOMY,

LITOMHe He rrOBe3.lIO. KaK 6bI

TO HI1 6bIJIO, MOH orrbIT He

6bIJI C.lIY~IaHHbIM, 5I 3HaIO

MHoro ~PyrI1X rro~06HWX

rrpI1MepOB. TypoK 6bI.lI I136I1T

MeCTHbIMI1 rrO.lI5IKaMI1. 51 ro-

BOPI1.lIC O~I-IOHeBpet'IKOH, LIb5I

~OLJb-rrO~pOCTOK rrO~Bep-

r .lIaCb Harra~eHI1IO CKI1HXe-

~OB: OHI1 6poca.lII1 B Hee 11ee

~Pyra rrYCTble 6YTbI.lIKI1, IW-

r ~a Te BbIlll.lIlI 113 OTe.lI5I. 51rOBOplI.lI C rrO.lIbCKOH ~eBYlll-

KOH, MO.lIO~OH~Ie.lIOBeKKOTO-

pOH - ~IepI'IOKO)J{I1H, II OHlI

rrepe)KlI.lIlI HeCIW.lIbKO rro~06-

HbIX - paCI1CTCKI1X - Ha-

rra~er-IIIH.

II paB03all(lITHble OpraI-III-

3aIJ;lIH I1MeIOT ~OKYMeHTbI,

rrO~TBep)K~aI-Oll(He, LITOrroCTO-

5IHHOHMlIllleHbI-O ~.lI5I Harra~e-

HI1H CKI1HXe~OB 5IB.lI5IIOTC5I

l~blraHe. IIO.lIMI1.lI.lIHOHa IJ;bI-

raH 6bI.lIH y6I1TbI BO BpeM5I

BTOPOH MHpOBOH BOHHbI; ce-

rO~H5I OHH rrpO~OJI)KaIOT

CTpa~aTb OT 3KCTpeMa.lIbHbIX

rrp05IB.lIeHHH paCI1CTCKOro Ha-

CH.lIH5I 11 OTI<PbITOH ~HCKPH-

MHHaIJ;I1H.11M He ~03BO.lI5IeT-

C5I rroKyrraTb e~y I1.lIH HHbIe

TOBapbI B IJ;eHTperopo~a. OK-

Ha HX ~OMOB 3aKO.lIO~IeHbI78

KpaTKO npOCJIeJ],MTb OCHOB-

Hble LIepTbI ::nOH CTaHOB5IIIIeH-

C5I MCCJIeJ],OBaTeJIbCKOHMHJ],Y-

CTpMH M npM3BaHa HaIlla pe-

IleH3M5I.

IIepBa5I H3 paCCMaTpMBae-

MbIX KHHI', «npMTOI'OJIOBble:i>

CepI'e5I neJIHKOBa, nOHaLIaJIY

npOM3BOJ],HT BrreqaTJIeHMe XO-

pOIlleH :>KypHaJIMCTCKOHpa60-

TbI. ABTop npOLleJI J],OBOJIbHO

lVIHOI'O JIMTepaTypbI, XOPOIllO

3I-IaeT CHTyaruTIO B CKMH-J],BM-

)KeHMH He TOJIbKO B PoconI

(BKJIlOLIa5I TaIOKe H perMOHbI),

HO H 3a Py6e:>KOM, rJ],e M P0J],M-

JIaCb cy6KY JIbTypa CKMHxe-

J],OB. II03HlU15I aBTopa BnOJIHe

Het'ITpaJIbHa H no npeMMYIIIe-

CTBY orrHcaTellbHa: OH pMcyeT

CKMHOBKaK KOHTPKYJIbTypHoe

J],BM:>KeI-IHe,rrpM06peTIllee TaK-

:>Ke 3KCTpeMMCTCKYlO nOJIHTM-

LIeCKYIOOKpaCKY, B oc06eHlIO-

CTH B POCCMH. ABTop BMJ],HTB

pOCTe nony JI5IPHOCTHCKHHxe-

J],OB B nOCJIeJ],HMe rOJ],bI (Ha

MOH B3rJI5IJ]" HeCKOJIbKO 3TOT

BCnJIeCK npeYBeJIHLIMBa5I) Tpe-

BO:>KHbIH CMrrMTOM: %CKMH-

J],BH:>KeHMe BbII10JIlmeT Ba:>K-

HYIO epYHKIlHlO B IlenM epaIllH-

3aIlMH 06IIIeCTBa, pa3:>KHI'aeT

paCH3M H KceHoep06HlO B MO-

JIOJ],e:>KHOH cpeJ],e. npMTOrOJIO-

Bble C03J],alOT aTMocepepy

CTpaxa M )KeCTOKOCTH cpeJ],H

(onpeJ],eJIeHHOH LIaCTM) Hace-

JIeHH5I POCCMM:i>(c. 170).nemmoB 06paIIIaeTC5I K

Ba:>KHOHH TpeBo)KHoH np06JIe-

Me: npJIl-UmaM pacrrpOCTpaHe-

HH5I HJ],et'ICKHHOB B MOJIOJ],e:>K-

HOt'I cpeJ],e, HCTOKaM60JIee HJIH

MeHee TOJIepaHTHoro OTHOIlle-

HH5I K HMM BJIaCTH, npaBOOX-

paHMTeJIbHbIX opraHOB M J],a-

)Ke 06IIIeCTBa - %MOJI, pe65IT-

KH-TO J],HKOBaTbI, HO B 06IIIeM

TepneTb Y)Ke I-IeJIb35I:i>... ,l.(et'I-

CTBVITeJIbHO,CKVIHb[VIHX HJ],eo-

JIOrH Ha 3arraJ],e II B POCCIIII

crreKY mIpYlOT IIa peaJlbHblX

Tpyt~HOCT5IX COBMecTHoro rrpo-

)KHBaHH5I mOJ],et'r pa3HbIX IlII-

BHJIH3aIlMH H KYJlbTYP: BbI-

XOJ],IleB H3 A3HM HlIH AeppH-

KH - B EBpone, JIloJ],eu C lOra

Hl[H KaBKa3a - B POCCMH-

CKHX ropoJ],ax. ne3YCJIOBHO,

nOJ],JIMJIa MaCJIa B orOHb KaB-

Ka30ep06HH H LleLIeHCKa5IBOH-

Ha. B CTOJIHIle M KpyrrHblx 1'0-

poJ],ax aKTHBHO J],eHCTBYlOT3T-

HHLIeCKMe rrpeCTynHble rpyrr-

rrHpoBKH. OJ],HaKO, LIHTa5I ne-

JIHKOBa, HeBOJIbHOHaLIHHaeIllb

J],YMaTb, LITO CJIHIllKOM rrpM-

CTaJIbHOe 3HaKOMCTBOC HJ],eo-

JIOrHeH Taro MJIH HHoro J],BH-

:>KeHM5I (M y:>K TeM 60JIee

%BKJIlOLIeHHOe Ha6JIloJ],eHMe:i»

rrOLITH HeH36e:>KHOCKa3bIBaeT-

C5IH Ha C03HaHHH caMara aHa-

JIMTMKa. BOT LITOneJIHKOB no-

XOJ],5I 3a5IBJI5IeT a LIeLIeHIlax:

%BeJ],b3TOT HapoJ], KaK BO Bpe-

M5I BOHHbI, TaK M nOCJIe nOCJIe-

J],YlOIIIeI'O MHpHOI'O cOCYIIIeCT-

BOBaHH5I HH Ha MHr He 3a6bI-

BaJI J],eMOHCTpHpOBaTbOTKPbI-

Toe npeHe6pe:>KeHMe, HaCMeIll-

KH H YI'p03bI B aJ],pec PYCCKDrO

HapoJ],a M POCCHHCKOH (sic!)

BJIaCTH:i> (c. 39). Pa3Be 3TO

aHTYrepaIllMcTCKa5I n03HIlyI5I?!

He CTOHT np5ITaTb rOJIOBY B

neCOK, HrHopMpY5I J],eHcTBH-

TeJIbHble COIlMaJIbHble H rrOJIM-

THLIeCKHe npWIHHbI Me)KI-Ia-

IlHOHaJIbHbIX TpeHHH M npOCTO

arHTMpY5I B J],yxe %Bce JIlOJ],H

6paTb5I:i>, HO TaKHe 3a5IBJIeHH5I

B KHHre LIHTalOTC5InpMMepHO

TaK )Ke, KaK eCJIM 6bI KTO-TO

nbITaJIC5I OIleHMBaTb HaCTpoe-

HH5I POCCM5IH B OTHOllIeHMM

J],pyrHx Hap0J],oB mOJlbKO Ha

OCHOBeCBOJ],OKa HarraJ],eHM5IX

CKHHxeJ],OBH 3aLIHCTKax epeJ],e-

paJIbHbIX CMJI B 1.IeLIHe.

KlUIra 3KcnepTa M npaBO-

BeJ],aAJIeKcaHJ],pa BepXOBCKO-

1'0 a Mepax I'OCYJ],apCTBeHHoro

npOTHBOJ],eHCTBM5I paJ],HKaJIb-

HOMY 3KCTpeMH3MY B POCOIH

npoJ],OJI)KaeT cepHlO Y:>Ke OTpe-

IleH3MpOBaHlIbIX B %TYM-6a-

JIaJIaHKe:i>HCCJIeJ],OBaI-IHHa Ha-

IlMOHaJIMCTHLIeCKHXopraHH3a-

IlH5IX. IIepeJ], HaMM HTor 1'0-

J],HqHOrO HCCJIeJ],OBaTeJIbC~OrO

rrpoeKTa Ilelupa %IIaHopa-

Ma:i>; Hap5IJ],y C nOCTaHOBKOH

3aKOHOJ],aTeJIbHbIX np06JIeM B

KHHre nOMelIleHbI KOMMeHTa-

pHH 3KcrrepTOB (~HXaHJIa

KpaCIIOBa, JIbBa JIemmcoHa,

POMaHa Cano)KHMKOBa M J],p.)

OTIIOCHTeJIbHOMep no 60pb6e

C lIaIlHOHaJIbHO-3KcTpeMHcT-

CKHMM opraHH3aIlH5IMH. Oco-

6eHHo IleHHbI 3aMeLIaHH5I B

CB5I3H C 3aKOHOM %0 npoTH-

BOJ],et'rcTBHH 3KcTpeMHcTcKOH

J],e5ITelIbHOCTH:i>,HHHIlHMpoBaH-

HbIM II pe3HJ],eHToM B Mae -

HlOJIe 2002 rot~a. OqeBHJ],HO,

LITO rrpe3HJ],eHTCKYlO cTopony

He CTOJIbKO 6eCrrOKOMJI pacT

aKTHBHOCTMrrpaBopaJ],HKaJIOB,

CKOJIbKO MHTepeCOBaJIO 3ep-

epeKTHBHoe BbICTpaMBaHMe

%ynpaBJI5IeMOH J],eMOKpaTMH:i>:

B HTore orrpeJ],eJIeHMe 3KCTpe-

MM3Ma B 3aKOHe, KaK OTMeLIa-

JIM MHorHe rrpaB03aIIIHTHHKM,

nOJIyqHJIOCb CTOJIb paCT5I:>KH-

MbIM, LITO MOrJIO BKJIlOLIaTb H

60pb6y TPYJ],5IIIIHXC5IC rrpeJ],-

rrpHHHMaTeJI5IMH, M J],e5ITeJIb-

HOCTb peJIMrH03HbIX opI'aHH-

3aIlHt'I, H MHoroe J],pyroe.

1.IacTb 3KcrrepToB npM3bIBaJIa

aKTHBHee MCnOJIb30BaTb HMelO-

lIlMeC5I B HaJIWIHH 3aKOHOJ],a-

TeJIbHbIe aKTbI H KapaTeJIbHble

MepbI, a He Y)KeCTOLIaTb M

82

npH.n:YMbIBaTh HOBhle. B KHH-

re CO,ll.ep)l{HTC5I TaK)I{e HH-

¢OpMaTHBHOe H nOfle3HOe

npHflO)l{eHHe C TeKCTaMH ,ll.eM-CTBYIOIIIHX (Ha fleTO 2002 ro-·

,ll.a) 3aKOHOB H rrOflo)Ke}IHe

YK no 60ph6e C 3KCTpel\IH3-

MOM (c. 137 -204). Bhl3hIBa-

lOT Y,ll.HBfleHHe flHllIh HeKOTO-

phle Ol~eHKH 3KcrrepTOB; TaK,

rOBOp5I 0 ueB03MO)l{HOCTH

rrOflHoro nO,ll.aBfleHH5I Ha~HO-

Ham'lcnPIeCKHX HaCTpoeHHM B

06IIIeCTBe B rrpHI-I~Hrre H 0

60flhllIeM rrOfle3HOCTH CKopee

Orpa}IHqHTeflhHbIX, 1.leMKapa-

TeflbHhlX Mep, Bfla,ll.HMHp

IIpH6hWOBCKHM cpaBHlW 3TO

C He06xo,ll.HMOCThIO rrepeHoca

B H01.IHOM 3¢Hp H306pa}Ke-

HH5I HaCHflH5I H <i'rofly60M~

rrpOrraraH,ll.hl (c. 80) HaBep-

HO, 51CflHllIKOM pe,ll.KOCMOTPIO

TefleBH30p (HflH BKm01.laIO He

Te KaHaflhl), HO BOT qero 51

TaM HHKOr,ll.a He BH,ll.efl, TaK

3TO <i'rofly60M rrpOrraraH,ll.hl~.

Ho, eCflH rOBopHTh cephe3Hee,

TaI<He cpaBHeHH5I - He3aBH-

CHMO OT flWIHhlX BKYCOB H

rrpHCTpaCTHM aBTopa - He

,ll.eflaIOTeMY qeCTH, TeM 60flee

KOr,ll.a OH 6epeTC5I 3a aHaflH-

THqeCKHMKOMMeHTapHM.

HaH60flee B3BellIeHHOM H

HHTepeCHOMH3 Tpex pe~eH3H-

PyeMhlx KHHr MHe rrOKa3aflaCh

pa60Ta B5IqeCflaBa JIHXa1.leBa.

KHHra COCTOHT H3qeThlpex

r flaB: <i'PYCCKlIM nOp5l,ll.OK no

EapKallIOBY~ - 06 PHE,

<i'lloMH,ll.OPHhIMTeppopH3M~ -

06 HEll H .llynme, <i'T5I)I{e-

flhle 60THHKH ,ll.fl5I YflH1.IHhIX

60eB~ - nOCB5IIIIeHa CKHHxe-

,ll.aM, <i'CerO,ll.H5IMhl CO)l{)I{eM

3TY cHHarory~ - 0 pa,ll.H-

KaflhHhlX Ha~HOHam'lCTaX BpO-

,ll.e EOH,ll.apHKa. KUHra 3Ta BO

MuorOM olIlIpaeTC5I ua aHam'l-

nFlCCKHe MaTep'YIaflhl H 6HO-

rpa¢H1.IecKHe ,ll.aUHhle, npe.n:-

CTaBfleHHhle B H3,ll.aHH5IX~eH-

Tpa <i'llaHopaMa~ , KOTophle

Y}Ke pe~eH3HpoBaflHch Ha

CTpa}IH~aX «TYM-6aflaMKH~.

.ll06aBfleHbI H HOBeMlliHe CBe-

,ll.eHH5I06 H,ll.eMHblx H opraHH-

3aIlHOHHhlX rrepeMeIIIeHH5IX B

npaBOpa,ll.HKaflhHoM flarepe

(¢aKTHqeCKHM pacrra,ll. PHE,

pa3pbIB Me)l{,ll.Y .llYrHHhIM H

HEll H ,ll.p.). lloMeIIIeHHhle B

KOH~e Ka)K,ll.OMH3 r flaB CBe,ll.e-

HH5I 0 ,ll.BYX caMhlX H3BeCT-

HhIX ,ll.e5ITefl5lXToro HflH HHO-

ro Kphwa Ha~HOHaflHCTOB no-

3BOfl5lIOT HaM flyqrne rrpe.n:-

CTaBYITh ce6e, KaKoro p0,ll.a

mO,ll.HH 3aqeM ,ll.eflalOT cTaBKY

ua ¢allIHcTcKHe fl03YHrH H

~eUHOCTH. llo-cBoeMY 3aMe-

qaTefleH pa3,ll.efl 0 CHflhHO

pa3,ll.YTbIX, HO Bp5I,ll.flH MH¢H-

qeCKHX CB5I35IXEapKarnoBa H

Be,ll.eHKHHa CO cneIlcflY}K6a-

MH (c. 43 - 50) . B KHHre

eCTb TaK)Ke H36paHHa5I 6H6-

flHOrpa¢H5I, KOTOpa51 rrOMO-

)KeT qHTaTemo, HHTepecYloIIIe-

MYC5I ,ll.aHHOM - MaflonpH-

BfleKaTeflbHOM C 06IIIeqeflOBe-

lJeCKOMTOqKH 3peHH5I - Te-

MOM.

TaKHM 06pa30M, HH,ll.YCT-

pH5I H3Y1.leHH5IcOBpeMeHHblx

POCCHMCKHX YflhTpanpaBblx

Y)I{e CTaHOBHTC5In01.ITH nony-

JI5IPUOM,HO H B HeM np06fleMa

}KeCTKOro H 0,ll.H03HaqUOrO

,ll.HCTaH~HpOBaHH5I OT H,ll.eM,

TeopHM H ,ll.a)KenochwoK, pa3-

,ll.efl5leMblX <i'nO,ll.OnhITHhIMH~

06bel<Ta]\IH, ,ll.0 KOH~a eIIIe He

pa3pellieHa. BnpOqeM, 3TO

np06fleMa He CTOflhKO caMHX

HCCfle,ll.OBaTefleM,CKOflhKOBce-

ra Harnero 06IIIeCTBa: npH TOM

1.ITO Ha~HOHaJIHCTHqeCKH-pa-

,ll.HKaflhHa51 H,ll.eOflOrH5I H ee

npe,ll.CTaBHTeflH nOflh3YIOTC5I

BeCbMa OrpaHHqeHHOM rrorry-

fl5IPHOCThIO, BceCTopOHHero H

pernHTeJIbHOra rrponIBO,ll.eMCT-

BH5I 3THM 5IBfleHH5IM, Ha MOMB3r fl5l,ll., rrOKa 5IBHOHe,ll.OCTaeT.

A. JIYW1-lCKUtl

,n:eHCTBOBaTb 6epJI1'1HCKOro

HYHUII5I (npe,n:CTaBIITeJI5I Ba-

TIIKaHa). 113 3Toro H1'1'IerO He

BbIIIIJIO. Ha'I1'1HaeTC5I 6eCKO-

He'-IHoe H 1I3MaTbIBaIOIUee rrpe-

CJIe,n:OBaIIHe O,n:IIHO'-IKOt'1CTpalll-

HOro 3JIa, 1I306peTeHHoro XX

BeKOM; plUM 3TOH rOHKII -

JIeHTMOnIB cj:>IIJIbMa: CTYK KO-

JIec BarOI-IOB ,n:JI5ICKOTa, YXo,n:5I-

IUIIX Ha BOCTOK C 3aKpbITbIMH

,n:Bep5IMII II B03BpaIUaIOIUIIXC5I

C OTKpbITbIMH - 3a HOBOH

nopU1'1et'I '-IeJIOBe'-IeCKoro MaTe-

pHaJIa ,n:JI5IHeHaCbITHo:t'1 MaIIIII-

HbIIICTpe6JIeHH5I.

OT :5epJIYlHa ,n:o He,n:OCTyn-

HOH Ulua,n:emI BaTHKaHa, r,n:e

«HlI'-IerO He Be,n:aIOIUerO~ nany

3aIUHll~aJIH OT rrpaB,n:bI ero rrpe-

JIaTbI II npH,n:BopHbIe, HeMeUKHH

y'-IeHbIH CTY'-IaJIC5I BO Bce ,n:Be-

PH, '-IT06bI 3aCTaBHTb ce65I yc-

JIbIlliaTb. Ho YCJIbIlllaJI ero

TOJIbKO O,n:HH. :5JIaro,n:ap5I no-

MOIUH MOJIo,n:oro He3YHTa P1'1-

Kap,n:o <DOHTaHa, ,n:orrYIUeI-lHOrO

K CB5ITOMYnpeCTOJIY (ero POJIb

CbIrpaJI MaTbe KaccoBIIU),

fepIIITaHH CHOBa 1'1CHOBa np1'1-

BO,n:HJI CBOH CBH,n:eTeJIbCTBa. 11

Bce }Ke, HeCMOTp5I Ha rrpe,n:cTaB-

JIeHHbIe HM cTpaIIIHbIe UHcj:>PbI

IIJIH, TO'-IHee, HMeHHO no npH-

'IHHe IIX '-Iy,n:OB1'1IUHOCTH, ero

npe,n:rrO'IJIII He rrOH5ITb II KaK

MO}KHO CKopee BbIIlpOBo,n:IITb

OTKPbIBlllHMC5I rrpeCTynJIeH1'1-

eM H K TOMY }Ke 6y,n:y'-IH peBHO-

CTHbIM npOTeCTaHTOM, OH np1'1-

coe,n:HH5IeTC5I K 60pb6e xpHcnI-

aH npOTHB 3Toro BapBapCTBa,

pa3BepHYBllleHC5I rro BceH

CTpaHe. O,n:HaKO HaY'IHble 3a-

CJIynI fepIIITaHHa np1'1BJIeKa-

IOT K HeMY BHHMaHHe 3C3COB-

ueB, 1'1 OHH rropY'IaIOT eMY

npo,n:OJI}KaTb HCCJIe,n:OBaHH5I

CBOHCTB pa3JIH'-IHbIX ra30B ,n:JI5I

CaHl'ITapHbIX HY)IZ,n: apMlHI, a

rr03}Ke OTnpaBJI5IIOT ero Jlet'TTe-

HaHTOM B caHHTapHbIe Bot'ICKa

Ha BOCTO'-IHbIH cj:>POI-IT.CJIHlll-

KOM n03,n:HO OH rrOHIIMaeT, tITO

BeIUeCTBO, peKOMeH,n:yeMoe HM

,n:JI5IO'-IHCTKII BO,n:bI, UHKJIOH :5,

MO}KeT HMeTb ropa3,n:0 60JIee

ry61'1TeJIbHOe npIIMeHeI-IHe B

ra30BbIX KaMepax AYIIIBHua H

npO'-IHX JIarepeH CMepTII.

Ha'IHHa5I c 3Toro MOMeHTa

feplllTaHH CTaJI H CBH,n:eTeJIeM,

H COY'IaCTHHKOM, H 60PUOM C

npecTynJIeHIIeM, rrOCKOJIbKY,

COXpaH5I5I CBOIO ,n:OJI}KHOCTb B

BOHCKax CC, OH HCnOJIb30BaJI

Bce B03MO}KHOCTII ,n:JI5I Toro,

'-IT06bI MlIp Y3HaJI 3aMaJI'-IHBae-

MbIH Y}Kac JIarepeH CMepTII.

BHa'IaJIe, Bep5I B ,n:06poco-

BeCTHoe HeBe,n:eHHe 3apy6e}K-

HbIX rrOJIIITIIKOB, OH nbITaftC5I

nplIBJIe'-Ib BHHMaHlIe IIIBe,n:CKO-

ro ,n:lIrrJIOMaTa II 3aCTaBIITb

no nOBO,n:y npecTynJIeHlTt'I cj:>a-

lll1'1CTOB B nep1'1O,n: r1'1TJIepOB-

CKOro pe}K1'1Ma), HO ,n:a}Ke acj:>1'1-

llla Ci)HJIbMa, C03,n:aHHa5I 1'13-

BeCTI-IbIM 1'1TaJIb5IHCK1'1M,n:1'13aH-

HepOM OJI1'1BbepO TOCKaHl'I:

KaTOJIlpIecKHt'r KpeCT Ha Het'r

npeBpalnaeTC5I B HaU1'1CTCKYIO

CBaCT1'1KY. )leJIO ,n:OIIIJIO ,n:o cy-

,n:a (no 1'1HHUlIaT1'1Be KaTOJIH'Ie-

CKlIX opraH1'13aUHH), o,n:HaKO

cy,n: OTBepr nOnbITKlI 3arrpe-

T1'1TbpeKJIaMHblt'I nJIaKaT, 1'1TbI-

C5I'-I1'1ero Korr1'1t'1n05IB1'1JI1'1Cb Ha

YJI1'1uaX ropo,n:OB <DpaHU1'11'1.

Kor,n:a }Ke BblIIIeJI caM cj:>HJIbM,

TO He Bce K1'1HOTeaTpbI COrJIaC1'1-

JIHCb Ha ero npOKaT. O}K1'1B-

JIeHHa5I ,n:1'1CKYCC1'15I1'1,n:aJIee CO-

npOBO}K,n:aJIa ero nOBCIO,n:y .

. . .B 1940 ro,n:y B HaU1'1CT-

CKOt'I fepMaH1'1H ,n:YIIIeBH060JIb-

HbIX JIIo,n:eH y61'1BaIoT yr JIeK1'1C-

JIbIM ra30M. IIJIeM5IHI-IHua XlI-

M1'1Ka KypTa fepIIITaHHa, POJIb

KOTOPOro CblrpaJI Y JIbP1'1X TIO-

KIOP, OKa3bIBaeTC5I B 1'1X'I1'1CJIe,

H, XOT5I HaCT05IIua5I rrpH'-IlIHa

CMepnI OT ero ceMbH cKpbIBa-

eTC5I, fepIIITaHH Y3HaeT cTpalll-

HYIO rrpaB,n:y. IIOTpHceHHbIH

BOKpyr cj:>HJIbMa ",AM1'1Hb~,

BbIllle,n:lllero BO <DpaHUIIH B

2002 ro,n:y H Y'IaCTBOBaBIIIero

B KOHKypce 52-ro :5epJIHHCKO-

ro cj:>ecnmaJI5I, - KaK II BO-

Kpyr MHorIIX ,n:pyr1'1x qmJIbMOB

pe}KIICCepa KOHcTaHTIIHa Koc-

Ta- faBpaca - cpa3Y )Ke pa3-

pa31IJIC5I CKaH,n:aJI. Ha 3TOT pa3

cKaH,n:aJIbHOH OKa3aJIaCb He

TOJIbKO TeMa (KapTIIHa rro,n:H1'1-

MaeT 60JIe3HeHHbIH Bonpoc 0

MOJI'IaHIIII PHMCKO-KaTOJIII'-Ie-

CKOH uepKBII 1'1narrbI IIII5I XII

«AMJIHb»

•

86

H3 BaTHKaHa, ,n;aB JIHIIIb HeOrr-

pe,n;eJIeHHble 06eIIIaHHH. C

BOJIHeHHeM CTaJI )l(,n;aTb OH B

fepMaHl'lH pO)l(,n;eCTBeHCKOM

rrpOrrOBe,n;H CBHTOrO OTua, HO

HH CJIOBO«eBpeHi>, HH XOTH 6bl

HaMeK Ha KOHuelITpaUHOHHble

JIarepH Tal{ H He rrp03BY'-IaJIH B

HeM. 11 JIHIIIb 06JIaBa B caMOM

PHMe, B ,n;BYX IIIarax OT rrarr-

CKoro ,n;BOPUa, Kor,n;a 3C9COBUbI

,n;06paJIHCb H ,n;o «eBpeeB rra-

rrbli> , BbIHy,n;IIJIa BaTlIKaH K

CJIa60MY oepHUHaJIbHoMY rrpo-

TecTY, HeYBepeHHo YKa3aBIue-

MY fepMaHHH, '-ITO «BceMY JKe

eCTb rpaHHUbli>.

Ho 3Toro MaJIO, 3TO JIIIlle-

MepHO, 3TO CJIHIIIKOM rr03,n;HO...

CBmueHHHK PHKap,n;o <!>OH-

TaHa, y6e,n;HBIIIHcb, '-ITO rrOJIO-

JKeHHe BeIIIet'I H3MeHHTb lIeB03-

Mo)KHO, rrpHIIIHBaeT K cBoeM cY-

TaHe )l(eJITYlo IIIecTHKoHe'-IHYlo

3Be3,n;y H OTrrpaBJIHeTCH BMeCTe

C eBpeHMH B cTpaIIIHblM rrYTb,

3aKaH'-IHBaIOIIIHMCH cMepTblo.

CJIe,n;YH JIOrHKe XPHCTlIaHCKO-

ro CBH,n;eTeJIbCTBa'-Iepe3 OT,n;a-

'-lY ce6H B )l(epTBY, CBHIIIeHHHK,

He crroc06HblM rrOMO'-Ib MY'-Ie-

HI'IKaM, peIIIHJI ,n;o KOHua 6bITb

C HHMH H pa3,n;eJIHTb HX

Y'-IaCTb. IT03)Ke fepIIITaMH pa-

3bICKaJI <!>OHTaHa B JIarepe,

'-IT06bI crraCTH ero, HO TOT, rrOCJIe

Bcero ymI,n;eHHoro H rrepe)l(H-

Toro, KaTeropH'-IeCKH OTKa3aJI-

CH OT rrOMOIIIH, ,n;a H 3a fep-

IIITat'IHOM Y)l(e CJIe,n;HJIero Bpar,

UHHlI'UIbIM H BcerrOHHMaIOIIIHM

KOJIJIera rro CC ... 3pHTeJIb He

YBH1J:HTKOHua PHKap,n;o <!>OH-

TaHa; JIHIIIb MeJlbKOM KaMepa

rrOKaJKeT pa60TarOIIIero B

Mpa'-IHoM rro,n;BaJIe 3aKJIIO'-IeH-

HorO, KOTOPbIM C He,n;0YMeHHeM

CMOTPHT Ha JIeJKaIIIYlO B KY'-Ie

o):(e)l():(bl cYTaHY KaTOJIH'-IeCKO-

fO cBHIIIeHHHKa C )KeJITot'r eB-

peMCI<Ol13Be3,n;oM.MOpaJIbHO YHH'-ITOJKeHIIbIt'r,

OCTaBJIeHI-IbIM CBOHMH ,n;PY3bH-

MH-XpHCTlIaHal\'lH H3-3acBH3et'I

C CC, HrIIOpHPyeMbIM HJIH ro-

HHMbIt"r orracaloIIIHMHCH ero co-

Tpy,n;HHKaMH-3c3coBuaMH, fep-

IIITat'IH 6bIJI apeCTOBaII B KOHIJ:e

BORHbI COI03HHKaMH KaK Ha-

UHCT, COBepIInIBIInrM rrpecTyrr-

JIeHHH rrpoTHB '-IeJIOBe'-IeCTBa, H

rrOKOH'-IHJI C C060M B TIOpbMe.

B 3aKJIlO'-IHTeJIbHOM Ka,n;pe

epHJIbMa 3c3coBeu - Bpa'-I JIa-

repeM cMepTH, HeBpe,n;HMbIM

YIIIe):(IIIHM OT rrpaBocy,n;HH KOJI-

JIera fepIIITaMHa, YJIbl6aHCb,

rrpHHHMaeT H3 PYK BaTHKaH-

CKoro rrpeJIaTa rracrropT C BH30M

,n;JIH Bble3,n;aB ApreHTHHY. 3TOT

rryTb, C rroMoIIIbIO H rro,n; rrpH-

KpbITHeM CHHcxo,n;HTeJIbHOM

uepKBH, rrpo,n;eJIalOT n03)l(e Tbl-

CH'-IHHaUHcToB, H HarrOMHHamre

#fff'

06 3TOM «,n;opore MOHacTblpeMi> ,

TaK)l(e oKpeIIIeHHoM «KPbICH-

HbIM rrYTeMi>, B03BpaulaeT 3PH-

TeJIH K CHMBOJIHKe cKaH):(aJIb-

HOMaepHIIIH, Ha KOTOPOMHe rro-

HHTHO, r):(e KOH'-IaeTCHKpeCT, a

r,n;e Ha'-IHHaeTCH CBaCTHKa...

B epHJIbMe «AMHHbi>, KaK H

B ,n;PyrHx CBOHX KapTHHax,

KocTa- faBpac 06paIIIaeTCH K

TeMe O,n;HHO'-IKH,npoTHBoCTOH-

IIIero TH)l(eJIOM H 6ecrrOluallHot'I

MaXHHe. <!>HJIbM «Zi> 0 rpe'-Ie-

K. KocTa-faBpac

CKOM CJIe,n;oBaTeJIe, KOTOPbIM

rrbITaeTCH pacrrYTaTb 3aroBop,

CKpbIBaIOIIIHM rrOJIHTH'-IeCKOe

y6HMCTBO, «IT pH3HaHHei>

(<<L'aveui» 0 rrpouecce ApTY-

pa JIoH):(OHa B t.IexOCJIOBaKHH,

«Ee3 BeCTH rrporraBIIIHMi>

(<<Missingi» 0 '-IHJIHMCKOMrre-

peBopOTe 1973 ro,n;a - Bce

3TH CTaBIIIHe 3HaMeHHTblMH

rrOJIHTH'-IeCKHe epHJIbMbI BHOBb

H BHOBb BOCC03):(arOT6H6JIet'I-

CKYlO 6HTBY ,lJ,aBH,n;a rrpOTHB

fOJIIlaepa.

Ka3aJIOCb 6bl, repOH 3Tot'r

KapTlIHbI KOCTa- faBpaca BO-

rrHlOT B rrYCTbIHe, CTaJIKHBaHCb

CO Bce06IIIHM 6e3pa3JIWIHeM

HJIH UHHH3MOM, H YMHpaIOT

HH'-Iero He ):(06HBIIIHCb. «]\110MepHJIbM e):(HHCTBelIHO 0 MOJI'-Ia-

HHH H 6e3pa3JIH'-IHH. 11 TO H

):(Pyroe Be'-IHO. fOBOpHTb 0

rrpOIIIe,n;IIIeM - 3Ha'-IHT rOBO-

pHTb 0 TOM, '-ITO npOHcxo,n;HT

cero,n;HHi>. Pe)l(HCCep ,n;06aB-

JIHeT, O):(HaKO,'-ITOepHrypa O,n;H-

HOKoro '-IeJIOBeKa, OTI{a3bIBaIO-

IIIerOCH CMHPHTbCH, OTBe'-IaeT

rroTpe6HOCTH 3pHTeJIH OTO-

)l(,n;eCTBHTbce6H C repoeM, rro-

CTaBHTb ce6H Ha ero MeCTO.

«JIlO,n;H '-IepnalOT Ha,n;e)l(,n;y H

CHJIbI, BH,n;H,'-ITOKTO-TO 60peT-

CH, rOBopHT "HeT" orpOMHot'r

MaIIIHHe HecrrpaBe,n;JIHBO-

CTH, - C'-IHTaeT OH. - 3TO

,n;OKa3bIBaeT, '-ITO rrpOTIIBO-

CTOHHHe Bcer,n;a B03MO)l(HOi>.

KYPT fepIIITaMH - HCTO-

pH'-IeCKOe JIHUO, 0 HeM 6bIJI

orry6JIHKOBaH pH,n; HaY'-IHbIX

HCCJIe):(OBaHHt'r. OHH H rrOMor-

88

JIM KOCTa- faBpacy 11 ero co-

aBTOpy rro CIJ;eHap1110/KaH-

KJlo):(y fpYM6epry B C03):(a-

H11H 06pa3a HaIJ;HCTCKoro

oqmIJ;epa, KOTOPbIH WITHaeT

ce6~ coyqaCT11eM B rrpecTyrr-

JIem'IHX, ):(JI~Toro qT06bI 6bITb

B COCTO~H11HCB11):(eTeJlbCTBO-

BaTb 0 TBOp11MOMY)Kace. II TO

)Ke KacaeTC~ MOJlo):(oro 11e3Y-

11Ta (e):(11IICTBemIbIH BbIMbIlII-

JleHlIbIH rrepCOlIa)K qnwbMa),

TO :=lTOC0611paTeJlbHbIH 06pa3

MHOr01I11CJleIUIbIX xpHcnralI,

rrponIBocTo~BlIIHX 3i:UIHTOH

IJ;epKOBblO rr0311IJ;11HH BbICTY-

rraBIIIHX rrpoTHB XOJlOKOCTa

BO <DpaHIJ;HH, B HTamuI, B

IIOJIbIlle - rroBcIo):(y. «E6J1b-

Illa~ 11XqaCTb OKOlIq11J1aCBOH

):(IUI B Jlarep~x~, - co06IIIa-

eT KOCTa- faBpac.

Pe)K11Ccep He rrOKa3bIBaeT

B CBoeM ep11J1bMeCaM11KOHIJ;elI-

TpaIJ;110HHbIe Jlarep~: «MlIe

rrpe):(CTaBJI~eTC~ He):(orrYCT11-

MbIM 11CKYCCTBeHIIOBOCC03):(a-

BaTb :=lTOTY)Kac~. He CTaJl OII

CHHMaTbTaK)Ke CIJ;eHbI,r):(e aK-

TepbI 11rpaJl11 6bI rOHHMbIX H

rr03)Ke YI-II1qTO)KeHlIbIX eBpe-

eB, - 3a 11CKJIIOQeH11eMMHH11-

MaJlbHOrO KOJl11QeCTBarrepco-

Ha)KeH, He06xo):(11MbIX):(JI~1130-

6pa)KeH11~ 06J1aBbI B P11Me B

1943 ro):(y. Bce, QTO XOTeJl

CKa3aTb pe)K11Ccep, HaM rrepe-

):(alOT HeHTpaJlbHbIe, Ka3aJlOCb

6bI, HO HCrrOJlHelIHbIe He06bI-

QaHHOH CHMBOJlHQeCKOHCHJlbI

rroBTopmoIIIHec~ lIa rrpOTR)Ke-

IIHH Bcero epHJlbMa Ka):(pbI:

CTpeM11TeJlbHO6erYIIIHe rroe3-

):(a, KOTopble OTrrpaBJI~IOTC~ H

B03BpaliiaIOTc~, - KaK rrpH-

3bIB K CP0"'-IHOMY):(eHCTB11IO,

KaK CTpaIIII-IbIH Kp11K 0 rrOMO-

III 11, KaK CQeTyrrYIIIeHHbIx MH-

IIYT. 3MOIJ;110HaJlbII0 He MeHee

lIaCbIIIIe.HI·Ia H CIJ;eHa,BO BpeM~

KOTOPOH fepliiTaHiI, BrrepBbIe

rrpHr JlalIIeHHbIH rrOCMOTpeTb

"'-Iepe3r Jla30K B ):(BepH ra30BOH

KaMepbI Ha HOBoe 11CrrOJlb30Ba-

Hue IJ;HKJlOlIa E, Y3l-IaeT lIe-

B03MO)I{IIYIO, HenepeIIOC:H1'vIYIO

rrpaB):(Y: CTeHbI rrOMeIIIelI11~

):(pO)I{aTB TeQelIHe lIeCKOJlbKHX

lIaBO):(~III11XY)I{ac ceKYII):(, He-

KOTopbIe :=lC:=lCOBIJ;bIOTBO):(~T

B3rJI~):(, 113pHTeJlb rrOH11MaeT,

QTO reHOIJ;11):( rrp11II~JI rrpo-

MbIIIIJlelIlIbIe MaClIITa6bI. ..

KOCTa-faBpac B3~JI 3a OC-

HOBY CBoero CIJ;elIap11~ rrbecy

«BHKap11H~ POJlbepa XOKXYTa,

KOTOP~ BrrepBbIe paCCKa3aJla

o 60pb6e fepUlTaHHa 11 crrpo-

BOIJ;11pOBaJlarpOMK11tI CKaH):(aJl

B 1963 ro):(y, Kor):(a 6bIJla rro-

CTaBJlelIa Ha CIJ;elIe. JJ:eHCTB11-

TeJlbHO, BrrepBbIe 06IIIecTBeH-

Hoe BHHMaHIIe 6bIJlO rrp11BJle-

qelIO K rrp06J1eMe OTBeTCTBeH-

HOCTHBbICOKOHKaTOJlWIeCKOH

11epapX11113a HeKOTopbIe Mpaq-

IIbre CTpaH11IJ;bI:=lTOrOTparWIe-

CKoro rrep11o):(a11CTOpml.

«BrrepBble ep11rypa IIH~

XII, CQ11TaBlIIeroc~ ):(0 Toro

CB~TbIM QeJlOBeKOM,6bIJla rro-

CTaBJleHa no):( COMHeHHe, -

rOBOp11Tpe)I{HCcep. -- IIbeca

B03bIMeJla ):(eHCTB11e,H60 rr06y-

):(HJla J\lIIorOQ11CJlelIlIbIX HCTO-

pHKOB 3alI~TbC~ H3YQeHHeM

POJl11BaTHKaHa BO BpeM~ BotI-UbI. Cero):(II~, lIaKOlIeIJ;, Bce CO-

)KeT 6bITb, YCJIO)KH~TbTeM ca-

MblM YQaCTb M11J1J11101I0BXPH-

CT11aHB EBporre, - B TO Bpe-

M~ KaK MO)I{HOT~HYTb BpeM~ C

rJlaCHbI, \ITO rrarra O"'-IeHbpaHO

Y3HaJl 06 HCTHHIIOM rrOJlO)I{e-

H11H):(eJl,HOIIHKaK lIe oCY)K):(aJl

YHH"'-ITO)I{eHlIeeBpeeB. CJlOBO

«eBpeH~ IIHKor):(a ):(a)I{e lIe rro-

~BJI~JlOCb B ero BbICTyrrJleH11-

~x. <DHJlbM roBOpHT H 0 ):(py-

nIX, KTO 3HaJl H lIe rrpOTeCTO-

BaJl, 0 PY3BeJlbTe lIarrpHMep, 06

06IIIeM 6e3pa3J1H"'-IHH,IIO rrarra

Be):(brrpeTeH):(OBaJlHa MOpaJlb-

HbIH aBTopHTeT... Ero MOJl"'-Ia-

HHe 11MeJlOoc06eHHoe 3HaQe-

HHe~. 3aQeM BbI3bIBaTb nIeB

KaHIJ;Jlepa fHTJlepa - H MO-

rrOJ\IOIIIblOKpacHBbIX, CM~rQaIO-

III11X):(YlIIY rrporroBe):(eH. «Moe

cepw~e 06J1HBaeTC~KpOBblO 3a

)KepTB, ~ MOJlIOCb3a H11X~, -

90

3a5lBJI5leT rrarra B CaMbI:H pa3-

rap YH:WITO>KeHlm.IIarra IIH:H XII - O,n:HOH3

HaH60JIee crropHbIX ,n:e:HCTBYIO-

llIHX JIHII B HCTOPHH UepKBH.

EllIe 6y,n:yqH HYHIIHeM B Eep-JIlme, OH Be,n:eT rreperoBopbI 0

KOHKop,n:aTe C rHTJIepOBCKHM

pe:>KHMOMB 1933 ro,n:y. IIHt'I

XI (YMepIlIl'I11: rrpII rro,n:03pH-TeJIbHbIX 06CT05lTeJIbCTBax) B

1930 ro,n:y c,n:eJIaJI era Kap,n:II-HaJIOM. B 63 ro,n:a CB5lllIeHHHKEBreI-IHo IIaLleJIJIH CTaJI rrarrO:H

IIHeM XII. OH rr03,n:paBHJI IIC-

rraHCKoro ,n:IIKTaTopa (DpaHKo

C ero KaTOJIIIqeCKO:H rr06e,n:0:HHa,n: ~KpacHbIMII~ - COIIHa-

JIIICTaMH, aHapxHcTaMH H KOM-

MYHHCTCiMII,a era rrepBoe BbI-cTyrrJIeHHe rrpoTIIB eBpet'IcKoro

reHOIIII,n:a (OTpa)KeHHOe B

<pIIJIbMe) ,n:e:HCTBIITeJIbHO,n:a-

THpyeTC5l 1943 ro,n:OM, Kor,n:a BPHMe IIIJIH MaCCOBble 3C3COB-

CKHe 06JIaBbI, a COI03HIIKII Ha-

XO,n:MJIMCbY)f(e rro,n: HearrOJIeM.

IIarra ocy,n:MJI HaIIM3M JI.HIIIb B

1945 ro,n:y ...

IIM:H XII HeHaBH,n:eJI PYC-

CKMX60JIbIIIeBMKoB, 60PIIOB 3aaTeM3M M MaTepMaJIM3M, 60JIb-IIIe, qeM HeMeIIKMX HaIIMCTOB.

K TOMY)Ke era rrOJIMTWleCKH:HBbI60p Bcer,n:a 3aBHCeJI aT Me-

H5lBilierOC5l COOTHOIIIeHH5lCHJI

Me)K,n:y rr06e:>K,n:aIOUIMMM HrrpoMrpbIBaIOllIMMM. Era rr03M-IIM5l 6bIJIa TeM 60JIee He,n:o-CTO:HHO:H,LITOIIHt'r XI, era rrpe,n:-

IIIeCTBeHHMK,B 1937 ro,n:yocy-

,n:MJIHaIIM3M B rrpOCJIaBJIeHI-IO:H3HIIMKJIHKe ~Mit BrennenderSorge~ (HamrCaHI-IOt'I Ha He-

MeIIKOM 5l3bIKe!).

Blma rrarrbI, o,n:HaKO, HH-

CKOJIbKO He ,n:OJI)KHaYMaJI5lTb

3HaLleHH5l MY)KeCTBeHHbIX,n:e:H-

CTBMt'I OT,n:eJIbHbIX ,n:YXOBHbIXJIHII - B clmJIbMe MX CHMBO-

JIH3lIpyeT 06pa3 PHKap,n:o(DOl-ITaHa, - ,n:e:HCTBOBaBIIIHX

BO Bcex KOl-I<peCCII5lXII Ha Bcex

YPOBH5lX IIepKOBHO:H lIepap-XHII. Era II peOCB5IllIeHCTBoerrlICKon MOHT06aHa Teac 3a5l-

BHJI rrOCJIe cBoero oCB060:>K,n:e-

HII5l B aBrycTe 1944 ro,n:a (OH6bIJI apecToBaH HaIIIICTaMH 3a

yqaCTlie B ConpOTIIBJIeHlI1i H

3a rroMOllIb eBpe5lM): ~CB5l-

llIeHHoe IIlIcaHlie oCY)K,n:aeT

rraCTbIpe:H, rro,n:06HbIX "HeMbIM

ncaM, He MorYllIliM JIa5lTb"

(l1c. 56, 10).51 He XOTeJI6bITb

HeMbIM rrCOM, H rrepe,n: orraCHO-CTbIO 5l B03BbICHJI CBOt'I rOJIOc.

3TO 6bIJIO MOMM,n:OJIroM; MoeMOWIaHHe c-raJIO 6bI npe,n:a-

TeJIbCTBOM~.IIana }Ke XOTeJI onpaB-

,n:aTb ce65l nepe,n: l1CToplIe:H,YTBep}K,n:a5l, LITO OH rrbITaJIC5l

1I36erHYTb xy,n:IIIero - pe-rrpeCCII:H npOTIiB BCe:HKaTOJIM-qeCKot'I 06llI1IHbI. He06xo,n:IIMO

nplI3HaTb, qTO OH,n:e:HCTBHTeJIb-

HO Haxo,n:HJIC5l B 3aTpy,n:HII-!TeJIbHOMrrOJIO}I(eHIIH,o,n:HOBpe-/

MeHHO 5lBJI5l5lCbnOJIHTHLleCKHM

rJIaBO:H rocy,n:apCTBa BaTHKaHII xpliCTlIaHCKIiM r JIaBO:HIIepK-

BM. BaTYIKaH, XOTb H n03,n:HO,Bce )Ke rrplmec H3BHHeHII5l eB-

pe:HCKO:H06llIlII-Ie. Ho ellIe He

YCTaHOBJIeHbI Bce IICTHHHbIeMOTIiBbIMOJIqamm 3Toro narrbI,

nplIqlICJIeHlIe KOToporo K JIHKY6JIa)KeHHbIX 6bIJIO OTKJIOHeHO

rrarrO:H l1oaHHoM -IIaBJIOM II.JIIIIIIb OTKpbITHe apXHBOB rro-3BOJIMJIO 6bI OKOl-IqaTeJIbHO

rrpOJIIITb CBeTHa MI-Ioroe, a oco-

6eHHo - Ha no,n:JIHHHyro POJIbBaTHKaHa B C03,n:aHI'lHTat'IHbIX

,n:lIrrJIOMaTWleCKIiX rrYTe:H ,n:JI5ln06era TbIC5lq HaIIIICTOB rrOCJIe

OKOHqaHM5l BO:HHbI B JIaTIIH-

CKyIOAMepliKY M Ha EJIII:>KHH:H

BOCTOK, r,n:e MHorHe H3 HIiX rre-

peKBaJIH<pMIIlIpOBaJIHCb B co-MHIITeJIbHbIX BOeI-IHO-nOJIH-

IIe:HCKIiX 3KcrrepToB, ellIe He

pa3 rrp05lBMBIIIHX ce65l B xo,n:e

XOJIO,n:HO:HBO:HHbI.

25 HIOJI5l 1945 ro,n:a fep-IIITa:HH 6bIJI Ha:H,n:eH rrOBe-

IIIeHHbIM B CBOe:H KaMepe BO-eHHO:HTIOpbMbI I1lepIII- MH,n:H

B IIapH)Ke. He1I3BecTHo, 6bI-

JIO JIH 3TO y6H:HCTBO HJIH ca-Moy61I:HCTBO. B JII060M CJIY-qae ,n:JI5l CTpa)KHHKOB 3TO6bIJI JIHilib ~Oqepe,n:Hot'I 3C3-

cOBeII~ ... Ho rrepe,n: cMepTbIOfepIIITa:HH ycrreJI HaUHCaTb

rro,n:p06HYIO 06b5lCHHTeJIb-

HYIO 3arrHcKY, B KOTOpOt'I OH

,n:aBaJI 6ecIIeHHble CBH,n:e-TeJIbCTBa 06 opraHlI3aIIHH

HaIIIICTaMII reHOIIH,n:a.B aBrYCTe 1945 ro,n:a

BCTaeT Borrpoc a rrpJoIH:a,n:JIe}K-

HOCTH fepIIITa:HHa K ,n:BH}I(e-HHIO CorrpOTHBJIeHHSiI. IIoJIro-

,n:a crrycT5l, B 5lHBape 1946 ro-,n:a, 06b5lCHI-ITeJIbHa5l 3arrHCKafepiliTat'ma 6bIJIa IICrrOJIb30-

BaHa B xo,n:e HlopH6eprcKoro

rrpollecca.B 1950-M era B,n:OBY JUI-

IIIIIJIIi rreHCMII II OTKa3aJIH B

pea6lIJIHTaIIlIli ee MY)Ka, BceellIe CqHTaBilierOC5l HaIIIICTOM.

B 1953 ro,n:y 06b5lCHIITeJIbHa5I

3arrlICKa fepIIITa:HHa 6bIJIa

orry6JIMKOBaHa. B 1963 ro,n:yrrbeca ~ BIiKapM:H~ c,n:eJIaJIa

HCTHHY a fepUITa:HHe ,n:OCT05I-

HlieM IIIlIpOKO:H 06llIeCTBeHI-IO-

CTII...B 1965 ro,n:y KYPT fep-

IIITa:HH6bIJI HaKOHeII pea6HJIH-

THpoBaH.

llMp 9PUCC01-l 91

KOH<I>EPEHQIIR UNITED

B HalIaJIe OKT5I6p5I

2002 rO,l{a B CTOJIHI(e Py-

MbIHHH nyxapeCTe rrpOiliJIa

OlJepe,l{Ha5I KOHepepeHI(lI5I

~ UNITED for Intercultural

Action~ - eBporreticKoti op-

raHH3aI(HH, 3a,l{alJeti KOTOPOti

5IBJI5IeTC5I 6opb6a rrpOTHB Ha-

I(HOHaJIH3Ma, paClI3Ma, epaIlIlI3-

Ma H rrO,l{,l{ep)KKa MlIrpaHToB H

6e)KeHI(en. aHa HOCHJIa Ha-

3BaHlIe ~JhIIJ:OM K JIHl(Y C

orraCHOCTbIO: MOJIO,l{e)KHa5I

cTpaTerH5I npoTlIB pacH3Ma II

CB5I3aHHbIX C HlIM epOpM ,l{HC-

KplIMlIHal[HH B EBporre~.

PacH3M rrOKa3bIBaeT HaM

CBOH HOBbIe JIHI(a: KpatiHe

rrpaBble rrOJIyqaIOT Ha BbI60-

pax Bce 60JIbilie rOJIOCon, Heo-

HaI(lICTbI - 3TO Y)Ke He rrpo-

CTO HeopraHH30BaHHble rpyrr-

rrbI CKHHXe,l{OB, HO H ~YBa}Kae-

Mble~ JIIO,l{H B KOCTIOMaX; pa-

CH3M rrpOHHKaeT Bce r JIy6)Ke B

rrorr-KYJIbTYPY H cnopT. ll,eJIb

KOHepepeHI(HH 6bIJIa B TOM,

lIT06bI MOJIO,l{ble aKTHBHCTbI lI3

pa3HbIX CTpaH, c06paBililICb

BMeCTe, BO- rrepnbIX, rrOrrbITa-

JIlICb rrOH5ITb, HaCKOJIbKO Bce-

06lI(HH XapaKTep HOCHT 3Ta

TeH,l{eHI(H5I B rOCY,l{apCTBaX

3arra,l{HOH, ll,eHTpaJIbHOH II

BOCTOl{HOH EBpOrrbI, B '1eM

CXO,l{CTBO H B LIeM OTJIWIH5I

3THX rrp0I(eCCOB B Ka)K,l{oti

KOHKpeTHoti CTpaHe. Bo-nTO-

PbIX, Yl{aCTI-IHKlI ,l{OJI)KHbI 6bI-

«npeKpan1Te 1-13roH~Tb6e)f{eHL1eS»

JIH Bblpa60TaTb HJIH XOT5I 6bI

HaMeTHTb HeKHe HOBbIe CTpa-

TerHH B 60pb6e C 3THMH HOBbI-

MH rrp05IBJIeHH5IMH paclI3Ma.

B OWIH H3 ,l{Het'I YlJaCTHHKaM

6bIJIO rrpe,l{JIO)KeHO pa3,l{e-

JIHTbC5I Ha HeCKOJIbKO pa60-

lIHX rpyrrrr, B KOTOPbIX ,l{OJI}K-

HbI 6bIJIH H,l{TlI ,l{HCKYCCHH Ha

60JIee KOHKpeTHble TeMbI: pa-

CH3M B rrorr-KY JIb Type H crrop-

Te, ~YBa)KaeMble~ rrpaBble, aH-

THrJI06aJIlI3aI(lI5I II paClI3M (B

3TOti pa60l{eH rpyrrrre CJIYlIHJI-

C5I caMblti )KeCTKlIti 3a BCIO

KOI-IepepeHI(lIIO crrop Me)K,l{Y

arrOJIOreTaMlI aHTHr JI06aJIH3-

Ma, ClIHTanIlIHMH, ,LITOcaMa rro-

CTaHOBKa Borrpoca HeYMeCTHa,

H TeMlI, KTO Cl{HTaJI, lITO HeJIb-

35I 3aKpbIBaTb r JIa3a Ha ~Bce-

5I,l{HOCTb~ aHTlIrJI06aJIHCTCKO-

ro ,l{BlI}KeHlI5I, K KOTOPOMY

Ol{eHb lIaCTO rrplIMbIKaIOT

Kpat'U{e rrpaBble), paClI3M H

CM:vI, paCH3M H 06pa30BaHlIe.

He 060IlIJIOCb II 6e3 He-

rrpH5ITHbIX He,l{Opa3YMeHlIti.

TaK, BO BpeM5I cBoe06pa3Hoti

«pa3MlIHKlI~, C KOTOPOti HalIa-

JIaCb KOHepepeHI(H5I, KOr,l{a

rrpHcYTcTBYIOlI(lIe, pa3,l{eJIlIB-

IlIHCb Ha rpyrrrrbI, ,l{OJI}KHbI6bI-

JIH Ka)K,l{blt'I 06'b5ICHlITb, lITO OH

HJIH OHa rrOHHMaIOT rro,l{ nOH5I-

TlI5IMH «epaIlIH3M~ II «aHTlI-

epaIlIlI3M~, «HaI(HOHaJIH3M~ II

~aHTHHaI(lIOHaJIlI3M~, ~pa-

CH3M~ II «aHTHpaClI3M~, O,l{lIH

lI3 Yl{aCTHlIKOB H3 nOCHlIlI II

fepI(erOBHHbI nOBe,l{aJI HaM,

'ITO OH JIlIl{HO HHl{erO rrpOTHB

rOMoceKcyaJIlICTOB He HMeeT,

HO HaXO,l{HTbC5I C HHMlI B O,l{-

HOti KOMHaTe He MO)KeT, a TaK-

)Ke 'ITO I(blraHe, KOHelIHO, rrpe-

KpacHblti HapO,l{, HO OHH caMlI

BHHOBaTbI, 'ITO MbI He Mo}KeM

HM rrOMOlJb, TaK KaK HM Hpa-

BHTC5I )KHTb B rp5I3H II rrpory-

JIlIBaTb 3aH5ITlI5I B IlIKOJIe.

LJ:Pyroti CJIyqati 6bIJI eIl(e 60-

JIee yp0,l{JIHBbIM: B pa60lIeti

rpyrrrre, 06cY}K,l{aBilieti pOJIb

peJIHrHH B, )KH3HlI 06lI(eCTna,

YlIaCTHHK C KlIrrpa HeO)KH,l{aH-

HO BblcTyrrlIJI C rrJIaMeIIHoti pe-

lIbIO, CMbICJI KOTOpoti CBO,l{HJI-

C5I K TOMY, lITO flIT JIep 6bIJI,

pa3YMeeTC5I, rrpecTynHHKoM, HO

H Cai\UI eBpelI XOPOUIJII, CTOHT

TOJIbKO nOlIHTaTb «II POTOKO-

JIbI CHOHCKHX MY,l{peI(oB~. Ka-

3aJIOCb 6bI, oTKY,l{a 3TlI JIIO,l{HB

aHTHpacHcTcKOM ,l{BH}KeHlIH,

KaKHM BeTpoM 3aHeCJIO HX Ha

3TY KOI-IepepeHI(HIO? B TO )Ke

BpeM5I rrO,l{06Hble ,l{eMapiliH

6bIJIlI OqeHb rrp0.LIYKTYIBHbI,

TaK KaK BbI3BaJIH )KyIBOe o6cy-

)K,l{eHHe H HarrOMHHJIH YlIaCT-

HlIKaM, lITO rrpaB03alI(HTIIOe II

aHTHpaCHCTCKoe ,l{BH)KeHHe He

CTOJIb Y)K O,l{HOP0,l{HO, lITO Bce

MbI rrpOCTble JIIO,l{H, Y KOTOPbIX,

MorYT 6bITb CBOH rrpe,l{paccy,l{-'

KH H 3a6JIY)K,l{eHH5I. 3Ta ClI-

Tyal(H5I JIHIlIHHt'I pa3 ,l{OKa3aJIa,

'ITO HeJIb35I 3aMaJIlJlIBaTb rrpo-

THBOpel{H5I Cpe,l{H ~CBOHX~.

B 3TOT pa3 Ha KOI-IepepeH-

I(HH rrpHCYTCTBOBaJIa ueJIa5I

rpyrrrra Tex, KTO 60peTC5I C pa-

CH3MOM B crropTe. 3TO 6bIJIH

rrpe,l{CTaBHTeJIH IIOJIbCKoti ac- 93

COl.{fIal.{MI1 ~Nigdy Wi~ncej»

(<<HI1Kor.n:a60JIbllIe~), KOTOPCUI

rrpOBO.LJ:lU KaMrraHI1IO ~ <DYT-

60JI rrpOTI1B paCI13Ma~, .n:aTCKOH

KaJVIIIaHl111~CrrOpT rrpOTI1B pa-

CI13Ma~ 11 KaMrraHI111 ~Show

racism the red card~ (~IIoKa-

)K11paC113MY KpaCHYIO KapTO'I-

KY~) H3 BeJIllK06p11TaH1111. I1x

pa60Ta rrpOH3Bo.n:I1T 60JIbliiOe

Brre~aTJIeH11e H o~eHb BOO.n:y-

llIeBJI5IeT. Eopb6a C paC113MOM

cpe.n:11cPYT60JIbHbIX cPaHaToB,

.n:a I1 cpe.n:11 caMHX cPYT6oJlI1-

CTOB I1 11X TpeI-IepOB, - o.n:I-Ia

113caMbIX Ba)KHbIX qaCTeH aH-

T11paCI1CTcKott pa60TbI, KOTO-

pOH B POCCIIH, K Co)KaJIeHI1IO,

.n:OJI)KHbIM06pa30M He 3aHHMa-

eTC5I HI1KTO. TeM, KTO 3a11HTe-

peCOBaJIC5I3TO}I TeMO}i, HaCT05I-

TeJIbHO peKOMeH.n:yIO rrOCeT11Tb

caHT www.TheRedCard.org.

PYMbIHCKI1H cPOJIbKJIOPHbIH

aHCaM6JIb YCTP011JI .n:JI5I Hac

y.n:HBI1TeJIbHOerrpe.n:CTaBJIelII1e;

6bIJIO orpoMHoe KOJIJ1lIeCTBO

pa3roBopoB, llIYTOK, crropoB,

3HaKoMcTB, rrJIaHOB H pa3JIl1q-

I-IbIX Brre~aTJIeHI1H. KmIcPe-

peHl.{I'15I y.n:aJIaCb, XOT5I rro cy-

TI1 cBoeH MaJIO ~eM OTJIHQa-

JIaCb OT Bcex OCTaJIbHbIX KOH-

cPepeHl.{HH UNITED. KaK

MeTKO BbIpa3I1JIC5I rrpe.n:CTaBl'I-

TeJIb 6pHTaHcKoro )KypHa-

JIa ~Searchlighh (~IIpo-

)KeKTop~) Capa6.n:)KH CI1I-Irx,

~KoHcPepeHl.{HH UNITED -

3TO CBoero po.n:a rrcHxoTepa-

rrH5I .n:JI5IBcex Hac, KOTopbIe .n:o-

Ma l.IYBCTBYIOT ce65I I-ICMI-IOrO

H30JIHpOBaHI-Io» .

TOT, KTO XOTeJI 6bI rroJIY-

~I1Tb 60JIee rro.n:po6HbI}I OT~eT

o .n:e5ITeJIbHOCTH IW)K,l(OH H3

pa6o~Hx rpyrrrr Ha 3TOl':'IKOI-I-

cPepeHI~HH, CMo)KeT Ha}ITH ero

Ha ca}ITe:

www. uni teclagainstracism. org.

Co6. KOpp.

paCKOJIOTa5I CBaCTI'lKa ~rro

MonIBaM~ ~AHTHcPallIHcT-

CKoro MOTHBa~ (BTOpOH HO-

MCP )KypHaJIa pa3.n:aBaJIC5I

:1l)HTeJI5IM rrepe.n: crreKTaK-

.IICM). KYKJIbI )Ke rrOpa)KaJIH

pU3MepaMH, pa3Hoo6pa3HeM

cP0PM H / He06bI~HOCTbIO

TpaKToBoK Tpa.n:Hl.{HOHHbIX

rrepCOHa)Ke:i1. AHTHepallIl1CT

KOJI060K, HeepopJVIaJI H 6ec-

rrpH30pHI1K, HeBOJIbHO BbI3bI-

BaJI B rraM5ITH crapyIO llIYTKY

o 6PHTOM e)KHKe. 3JIo.n:eeM-

Hal.{HoHaJIHCTOM OKa3aJIC5I

IIeTpYllIKa, a EypaTHHo, CTa-

pbIH H 06JIe3JlbIH, IIoCTpa.n:aJI,

KaK HaM 06b5ICHHJIH, OT CO-

BeTCKOH BJIaCTVI.

Bce 3TO BbIr JI5I.n:eJIO5IpKO

H 3ar-muro Ha epOHe CKYl.IHeH-

llIHX rrepepopMaHCOB H I1H-

CTaJIJI5Il.{I1H, aBTopbI KOTOPbIX

CJIOBHO peIIlHJIH 6POCHTb Bce

CHJIbI Ha 60pb6y C KaKHM 6bI

TO HH 6bIJIO CMbICJIOM. XOTI1M

rrO)KeJIaTb aHTHcPallIHcTCKOMY

TeaTpy BCWIeCIwro rrpl13Ha-

HH5I - xy.n:O)KHHKaMH, 3pHTe-

JI5IMH, JIIO.n:J)MIL..

C. C651mOMUKOJl06

AHTII<I>AIllIICTCKIIH TEATP )l;ETII ITPOTIIB BOHHbI

94

II PI15ITHOH HeO)KH.n:aI-IHO-

CTbIO OKa3aJIOCb .n:JI5IHac Ok

HO xy.n:O)KeCTBeHHoe C06bITHe

113 )KH3HI1 ropo.n:a. Ha BbI-

CTaBKe cOBpeMeHHoro I1CKYC-

cTBa, rrpoxo.n:I1BllIeH B aBrYCTe

2002 ro.n:a B rreTep6yprcKoM

MaHe)Ke, 6bIJI rrpe.n:cTaBJIeH

aHTl1cPallIl1CTCKI1H CrreI<TaKJIb

~TeaTpa TeXHOJIOrI1H~. Ero

aBTopbI C03.n:aJIH 3aMe~aTeJIb-

HbIX KYKOJI I1 rrpOCTbIe, HO

BbIpa3l1TeJIbHbIe .n:eKOpal.{HH,

Ha O.n:HOH 113 KOTOPbIX -

B H05I6pe 2002 ro.n:a MbI

lIe rrpoBo.n:I1JII1 Tpa.n:Hl.{110HHOH

.YJIH~HOH aKl.{I1I1,rrOCB5IIl.{eHHoH

j(HIO 60Pb6bI C epallIH3MoM.

I[o.n:roToBKa TaKOH aKl.{1111

J(OJI)KHa rrpoxo.n:I1Tb B KOHl.{e

OKT5I6p5I, a MOCKOBCKl1eC06bI-

TH5I Toro BpeMeHI1 He paCIIO-

JIaraJIH K YJII1~HOH pa60Te.

BMecTo 3TorO B H05I6pe aHTH-

cPallIl1CTCKa5I KOMHCCH5I06Il.{e-

CTBa ~MeMOpl1aJI~ opraHH30-

BaJIa BCTpeQy-KOHl.{epT .n:JI5I

.n:eTeH, rrpl1ypo~eHHYIO K ,llHIO

TOJIepaHTHOCTI1. ,lleTH H rro.n:-

POCTKH 6bIJIH I1 CJIYllIaTeJI5IMI1, 95

H apTHCTaMH. I1x BbIcTynJIe-

HH5I Y)Ke nOTOMY OTBe'-IaJIH

,Z:(YXYMe)KHaUHOHaJIbHO.t'I Tep-

nHMOCTH H ,Z:(PY)K6bI, '-ITO Ka)I{-

,Z:(bIHHCnOJIH5IJI neCHIO Ha CBO-

eM 5I3bIKe, 3HaKOMHJI Bcex

np0'-IHX C ,Z:(Pyroit KYJIbTypO.t'I,

,Z:(eJIHJIC5I HaCJIe,Z:(HeM CBOHX

npe,Z:(KOB.

Y'-IeHHKH IlIKOJIbI B nOceJI-

Ke AJIeKcaH,Z:(pOBCKa5I nOIOT Ha

pa3HbIX 5I3bIKaX H YMeIOT pa-

,Z:(OBaTbC5I HaUHOHaJIbHO-KYJIb-

TypHOMY pa3Hoo6pa3HIO CBoeH

IlIKOJIbI. ITOIOT 11 TaI-IUYIOT ,Z:(e-

TH H3 UbIraHCKHX, MOJI,Z:(aBaH-

CKHX,apM5IHCKHX,rpY3HHCKHX

H, Kone'-IHO, PYCCKHX ceMeH.

I1cnOJIH5IeT rpYCTI-IbIe H Bece-

JINe eBpeHCKHe MeJIO,Z:(HH HX

ne,Z:(aror EopI1C AJIeKCeeB. A

,Z:(eTYIH3 60JIbIlIO.t'I peJIHrH03-

HOH ceMbH CaBocTHUKHX no-

IOT ,Z:(,=UKeno- JIaTbIHI1. I1cnoJI-

I-IeHHbIH HMI1 Ha 3TOT pa3 Ka-

HOH «Dono nobis pacem~

BeCbMa no,Z:(xo,Z:(HJI K 06IIIeMY

HacTpoeHHIO BCTpe'-IH. %)la.t'I

HaM MHP~, -- neJII1 ,Z:(eTH no-

JIaTbIHH, lIIOJIOM-aJIe.t'IKYM Hr-

paJI EOPHC Ha KJIapIleTe, a

3Ha'-IHT 3TO nO'-ITH O,Z:(HOH TO

)Ke, MOJIIITBa 0 MIIpe - ,Z:(peB-

H5I5I, KaK caM MI1p.

KpOMe aJIeKcaH,Z:(poBcKIIX

lIIKOJIbHIIKOB B MOJIo,Z:(e)KHOM

KJIy6e %KgC~ C06paJIIICb Y'-Ia-

I.IJ:HeC5I ,Z:(PYfJIX lIIKOJI, OHII TO-

)Ke neJIH, IIrpaJIH Ha fHTapax,

cHHTe3aTope, caKco¢OHe. 3BY-

'-IaJIH neCHH OKY,Z:()KaBbI II :U05I,

Bce 6e3 HCKJIIOQeHH5I OHII 6bI-

JIII 0 HenpII5ITYII1 BO.t'IHbI, 0 He-

06XO,Z:(HMOCTHTpe60BaTb MHpa,

o fope, KOTopoe npIIHOCIIT Ha-

CIIJIHe. 3TO HOBoe 110KOJIeHIIe

)KI1TeJIeH HallieH cTpaHbI On5ITb

paCTeT B Hel\IHpHOe BpeM5I.

amI npOTI1B BO.t'IHbI. XOPOlIIO,

'-ITO XOTb OHH rrOHHMaIOT.

C. Cc,mnO.MU1WJlOC

B nOMem:eHHH o6m:eCTBa«~eMopHa~» pa60TaeT

aHTH4>amHcTcKau 6H6~HOTeKa.

B ¢oH,Z:(ax 6H6JII10TeKI1 XpaH5ITC5I KHHrI1 no np06JIeMaM

¢aIIIH3Ma, HaIJ;I13Ma, TOTaJII1TapI13Ma, npaB03aI.QI1TIla5I JII1Teparypa.

I1MeeTC5I YHI1KaJIbHa5I KOJIJIeKUH5I aHrn4>amHcTcKHX nepHO,ll;H-'IeCKHX H3,ll;aHHH, BbIXO,Z:(5IIIII1XB POCCI1I1, BeJII1K06pI1TaHI1H,

fepMaHI1I1, <t>PaHUI1H, lliBeUHH, HopBerHH, )laHHH.

qHTaTeJIH MorYT BOCnOJIb30BaTbC5I aJI4>aBHTHoH H CHCTe-MaTH'IeCKOH KapToTeKoH cTaTeH H KHH)I{HbIX 113j(aUHH j~aI-IHOH

TeMaTI1KH, COCTaBJIeHHOH Ha OCHOBe MaTepHaJIOB POCCHHCKOH

HaUlIOHaJIbHOH 6H6JIHOTeKH H co,Z:(ep)KaIIIeH HII¢opMallHIO no

¢OH,Z:(aM MHorHX 6H6JIHOTeKPOCCHH.

BH6JIHOTeKa OTKpbITaB nOHe,ll;eJIbHHK H cpe,ll;YC 11 ,ll;O 17 'IaCOB,B 'IeTBepr C 14 ,ll;O20 'IaCOB.

CnpaBKH no TeJIe4>oHY314-23-68 (,ll;06aBO'lHbIH 3).A,a;pec: YJI. Pa3'be3)KaH, ,ll;. 9(BXO,ll; co ,ll;BOpa).

96

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••Yqpe,lUfTeJIb: CaHKT-IIeTep6yprcKoe 06UleCfBO <lMeMOpUaJI!>

191002, CaHKT-IIeTep6ypr, YJI. Pa3be3)KaH, 9.

~pec pe,/(aKI(Uu: 191002, CaI-IKT-IIeTep6ypr, YJl, Pa3be3)[(aH, 9.http://tumbalalaika.memo.ru

THpa)K 800 3K3.JII06ble nepeneqaTKH npHBeTcmYloTCH.

IIpocHM no B03MO/KHOCTHCCbIJlaTbCHHa HCTO'IHHK.

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••