basics of fire prevention on board ships

7/23/2019 Basics of Fire Prevention on Board Ships

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Basics of Fire Prevention On board Ships

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FEBRUARY 18, 2012 BYMAHENDRA SINGH

The best way to deal with fires on board ships is to prevent them rather than letting them

occur. Breaking out of fire in a place where no fire exist is called ignition, whereas

flash is a term used for fire eruption in a new place as a result of flames from an

existing fire in a nearby place (the ignition source).

Fires on board ships can be prevented by finding and rectifying leakages of fuel oil,

lubricating oil, and exhaust gases.

In a ships generator room, the biggest danger of fire is from a leaky high pressure fuel

pipe. Oil leaking from such pipe can fall on high temperature exhaust manifold or on

indicator cocks, which are sensitive points for catching fire.

Inmodern marine engines, there is push-type cover concealing the indicator cocks;

however in old engines there is no such provision available which makes it quite difficult

to provide lagging to indicator cocks.
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These days fuel high pressure pipes are sheathed and the leakage finds its way to a

small tank at the bottom of the engine known as fuel leak off tank. It is imperative to keep

this system in good order by regularly testing the tank alarm fuel leak off tank high

level alarm.

Leakages are mainly caused because of pipes breaking due to vibrations, clamps

rubbing against pipes to create holes, pipe connections behind the pressure gauges

getting damaged due to ageing (we generally do not look here), leakages from fittings at

boiler furnace front and incinerator front etc. These leakages are some of the most

common hot spots for fire. Moreover, careful and periodical checks are also required on

boiler smoke side and incinerator uptake.

Fires can be largely prevented by providing effective laggings to hot surfaces such as

generatorturbochargerbellows, main engine exhaust uptakes after the turbocharger,

various steam pipes and pipes carrying hot oil. Laggings can be done by ship staff but

these days specialist contractors are available to carry out this work more aesthetically.

Also, whenever lagging is removed, a habit should be cultivated to put it back after the

work is finished.

Apart from this, it is also important to check/test fire detectors on regular basis. Some of

the main types of detectors used on ships are:

Flame detectors
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Light produced by a flame has a characteristic flicker frequency of about 25Hz. The

spectrum in the infra red or ultra violet range can be monitored to give an alarm. Oil fires

generally do not give off much smoke and this type of sensor is preferred, especially

near fuel handling equipment or boilers to give an early warning.

Heat detectors

Heat detectors are of various types such as rate of rise type, which has bi-metallic type

detecting elements a thick strip and a thin strip. The thin strip is more sensitive to

temperature rise than the thicker one. If there is a sudden rise in temperature, the thin

one bends faster than the thicker one, bringing both of them in contact.

During normal temperature rise both strips will deflect about the same amount and thus

show no reaction. Normally if rate of rise is less than 10 deg C in half an hour, the

detector will not give any alarm. If the rate should rise to 75 degree Celsius, or more, the

two strips come in contact, thus triggering the alarm.

Smoke detectors

There are two main types of smoke detectors used

1) Light obscuration type


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2) Ionization type Liquid or gas fires may not give off smoke initially but will catch fire

spontaneously. Thus smoke detectors are not effective for such fires. These detectors

are mostly used in accommodation areas.

Important points to consider for fire prevention on board ships

In engine room, waste bins used for storing oily rags must have lids (covers). Oily

rags should not stay lying around or stuck at unnecessary places. Receptacles

with covers should be provided at each floor and on both sides.

High pressure fuel oil pipes should not be tightened to control a leakage while the

engine is running. Also, oil shouldnt be taken in to turbochargers during

operation.

Short sounding pipes should be kept shut with plugs. Never should they be left in

open position for the sake of convenience. Cases have been reported wherein oil

has spilled out from these short sounding pipes leading to accidents.

Loose pet cocks /small cocks on common rail pipes should be checked for.

Exhaust leakages and steam leakages should be promptly attended.

Ships crew should be careful about galley fires, especially by keeping electrical

equipment in good order. Senior officers should keep an eye in the galley when

provision is being received because this is the time when galley remains

unattended for a long time.

One of the patent methods of fire prevention is effective and regular fire patrol.

There is no method that can beat physical monitoring.

Fire caused by cigarettes is still one of the most common causes of fire. All care

should be taken to dispose cigarettes (using self closing ashtrays) and never

should one smoke in bed.


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Fires have also caused during loading and unloading of cargo such as coal. For

this reason, ship personnel must always discuss the characteristics of the cargo

and preventive methods to be taken duringsafety meetingsand weekly drills.

These are some of the main points one needs to consider for a safe environment on

ship. This list might not feature all the methods to prevent fire; however it does provide a

brief overview of how things are to be handled on board ships.
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18 DE FEBRERO 2012PORMAHENDRA SINGH

La mejor manera de hacer frente a los incendios a bordo de buques es evitar que en

lugar de dejar que se produzcan. Salir de fuego en un lugar donde no hay fuego existir

se llama "encendido", mientras que "flash" es un trmino que se utiliza para la erupcin

de fuego en un lugar nuevo, como resultado de las llamas de un fuego existente en un

lugar cercano (la fuente de ignicin) .

Los incendios a bordo de buques se pueden prevenir mediante la bsqueda y la

rectificacin de las fugas de combustible, aceite lubricante, y los gases de escape.

En sala del generador de un barco, el mayor peligro de incendio es de una tubera de

combustible de alta presin con fugas. Fuga de aceite de dicha tubera puede caer en la

alta temperatura del colector de escape o de gallos de indicadores, que son puntos

sensibles para la captura de fuego.

Enlos motores marinos modernos, no hay cubierta de tipo de empuje ocultar los gallos

de indicadores;Sin embargo en los motores antiguos que no hay tal prestacin

disponible que hace que sea muy difcil proporcionar quedando a pollas indicadores.
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Estos tubos de alta presin de combustible estn enfundados da y la fuga encuentra su

camino a un pequeo tanque en la parte inferior del motor conocido como fugas de

combustible del tanque. Es imprescindible para mantener este sistema en buen estado

de comprobando regularmente la alarma del tanque - combustible fugas de alarma de

alto nivel del tanque.

Las fugas son causadas principalmente por las tuberas se rompen debido a las

vibraciones, abrazaderas roce tuberas para crear agujeros, conexiones de tubera

detrs de los indicadores de presin de conseguir daados debido al envejecimiento

(por lo general, no miramos aqu), fugas de accesorios en la caldera frontal del horno y

la parte delantera del incinerador etc. Estas fugas son algunos de los "puntos calientes"

ms comunes de fuego. Por otra parte, tambin se requieren comprobaciones

cuidadosas y peridicas en el lado de humos de la caldera y la captacin incinerador.

Los incendios se pueden prevenir en gran medida proporcionando laggings eficaces a

las superficies calientes, tales como generadoresturbocompresorfuelle, principales

captaciones de escape del motor despus del turbocompresor, varias tuberas de vapor

y tuberas que transportan el aceite caliente.Laggings pueden ser realizadas por

personal de la nave, pero estos das contratistas especializados estn disponibles para

llevar a cabo este trabajo ms estticamente. Adems, siempre rezagados se retira, un

hbito debe ser cultivada para poner de nuevo despus de que se termin la obra.
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Aparte de esto, tambin es importante comprobar detectores de fuego / de prueba de

manera regular.Algunos de los principales tipos de detectores utilizados en los buques

son:

Los detectores de llamas

La luz producida por una llama tiene una frecuencia de parpadeo caracterstica de

alrededor de 25 Hz. El espectro en el rango violeta infrarrojos o Ultra se puede controlar

para dar una alarma. Incendios de petrleo generalmente no emiten mucho humo y este

tipo de sensor se prefiere, especialmente cerca de equipos de manipulacin de

combustible o calderas para dar una alerta temprana.

Los detectores de calor

Los detectores de calor son de diversos tipos, tales como la tasa de aumento de tipo,

que tiene bi-metlicos elementos tipo de deteccin - una tira gruesa y una fina tira. La

tira delgada es ms sensible a la elevacin de la temperatura a la que ms grueso. Si

hay un aumento repentino de la temperatura, el uno delgada se dobla ms rpida que la

ms gruesa, con lo que a ambos en contacto.

Durante aumento de temperatura normal ambas tiras se desviar aproximadamente la

misma cantidad y as mostrar ninguna reaccin. Normalmente, si la tasa de aumento es


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inferior a 10 C en media hora, el detector no da ninguna alarma. Si la tasa debera

aumentar a 75 grados Celsius, o ms, las dos tiras entran en contacto, provocando as

la alarma.

Detectores de humo

Hay dos tipos principales de detectores de humo utilizados

1) Tipo de oscurecimiento de luz

2) los incendios de tipo ionizacin lquido o gas pueden no emiten humo al principio,

pero se incendiarse espontneamente. Por lo tanto los detectores de humo no son

eficaces para tales incendios. Estos detectores se utilizan principalmente en las zonas

de alojamiento.

Puntos importantes a tener en cuenta para la prevencin de incendios a bordo de

buques

En la sala de mquinas, contenedores de residuos utilizados para almacenar

trapos con aceite deben tener tapas (cubiertas). Trapos con aceite no deben

quedarse ah o pegado en lugares innecesarios.Los recipientes con tapas debenser proporcionados en cada piso y en ambos lados.

Tuberas de aceite de combustible de alta presin no se deben apretar para

controlar una fuga mientras que el motor est en marcha. Adems, el aceite no

se debe tomar en a turbocompresores durante el funcionamiento.

Tubos de sondeo corto deben mantenerse cerrada con tapones. Nunca deberan

ser dejados en posicin abierta por el bien de la conveniencia. Se han reportado

casos en donde el aceite se ha extendido fuera de estos tubos cortos suenan

conducen a accidentes.

Gallos de mascotas sueltas / pequeas pollas en tubos ferroviarios comunes

deben ser revisadas para.

Deben ser atendidos de inmediato las fugas de escape y fugas de vapor.


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La tripulacin de la nave debe tener cuidado con los fuegos de las cocinas,

especialmente al mantener el equipo elctrico en buen estado. Los oficiales

superiores deben mantener un ojo en la cocina cuando se est recibiendo el

suministro porque este es el momento en el que la cocina sigue siendo

desatendida durante mucho tiempo.

Uno de los mtodos de patentes de la prevencin de incendios es de patrulla

eficaz y regular fuego. No hay un mtodo que puede vencer a la vigilancia fsica.

Fuego causado por los cigarrillos sigue siendo una de las causas ms comunes

de incendios. Todo se debe tener cuidado de disponer cigarrillos (utilizando

ceniceros auto de cierre) y nunca debe uno fume en la cama.

Los incendios tambin han causado durante la carga y descarga de mercancas,

tales como el carbn.Por esta razn, el personal del buque siempre deben

discutir las caractersticas de la carga y de los mtodos de prevencin que debentomarse durantelas reuniones de seguridady simulacros semanales.

Estos son algunos de los principales puntos que uno necesita para tener en cuenta para

un ambiente seguro en el barco. Esta lista puede que no cuentan con todos los mtodos

de prevencin de incendios;sin embargo, proporciona una breve descripcin de cmo

son las cosas para ser manipulados a bordo de buques.
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basics of fire prevention on board ships

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