aqualectra presentation

7/31/2019 Aqualectra Presentation

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21 years of Wind generationExperience

Curacao Netherlands Antilles.

Presented byMr. ir. Irvin Hanst

Manager Corporate Affairs


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Legal structure of the corporation

roductionroduction

StIP/EGC

Holder of 100%

Common stock

Mirant

Holder of 100%

Preferred stock

100%

mmon

Stock

100%

Common

Stock

100%

Common

Stock

49%

Common

Stock

DistributionDistribution Multi UtilityMulti Utility

CUCCUCHoldingsHoldings

B.O.OB.O.O


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100% water production

100% water distribution 90% electric power generation

100% electric power distribution

Responsibilities Aqualectra


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Characteristics electrical system

66 kV transmission system (100% underground cables)

30 kV sub-transmission system (100% underground cables)

12 kV distribution system (75% underground cables)

220/127V, 50 Hz and 380/220V, 50Hz LV system (50%

underground cables)

Peak electric load Curacao is 105 MW Total generation capacity Aqualectra is 165 MW

75 MW steam units and 90 MW diesel units

10 years ago 100 MW steam units and 35 MW diesel units


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Characteristics continued

All power generation on transmission & sub

transmission level

Less then 1% of energy losses in transmission & subtransmission level

Less then 2% of energy losses in distribution system

Almost 9% of energy losses in LV system


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History wind generation Curacao

Renewable energy is part of our business plansince the 1970s

Resulted in contract agreement in 1984 for thefirst wind generator for Curacao at Tera Kora.

Wind generator was a 300 kW NEWECS-25

of manufactory FDO-Stork Type was fixed speed induction generator with

stall

This first wind generator became operationalin October 1985


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Experience first wind generator

First wind generator tripped frequently on over

speed

Brakes suffered excessive wearing

Major breakdown due to braking system of

wind generator

Extensive wind measurement and wind study


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Results study

Wind in Curacao comes 95% of the time from thesame direction between NE and SE

Wind speed is almost constant year around Average wind speed at 30 m is 8 - 9 m/s

Weibull shape factor between 4 and 5

Best sites Tera Cora and Playa Kanoa

First wind generator was designed taking into accounta wind speed of 6.5 m/s measured at 10 m, based on

30 years wind measurement done by the metrologicalservice of Curacao


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First wind park on Curacao

New wind farm consisting of 12 x 250 kW wind

generators (Manufactory Nedwind) was installed at

Tera Kora Type fixed speed with stall optimized for wind of 8.5

m/s

Shaft height 30 m Rotor diameter 25 m

Became operational in 1993

Capacity factor 34%

Availability 90%


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Tera Kora wind farm


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Continued


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Additional studies in 1995

Additional wind measurements and study for 50m

height

Study to determine fluctuations in power output offirst wind farm

Grid study to determine influence of first wind farm

on the system frequency and voltage Grid study to determine maximum penetration level of

wind generation for the Aqualectra system


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Results additional studies

Average wind speed at 50 m is 9.5 m/s

Wind fluctuations impact power output of the

individual wind generators The wind fluctuations have little or no impact on the

power output of the wind farm

Since power output of wind farm is constant, this

cause little or no fluctuations in the system frequencyand voltage

Care shall be taken of the reactive power consumptionof the wind farm

Maximum penetration level of wind generation is 12%


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Second wind farm owned by IPP

Wind farm consisting of 18 x 500 kW wind generators

(Manufactory Nedwind) was installed at Playa Kanoa

Type fixed speed with active stall optimized for windspeeds between 9 and 12 m/s

Shaft height 47.2 m

Rotor diameter 46.1 m Became operational in 2000

Average wind speed 9.2 m/s

Capacity factor 58.3% Availability 96%


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Experiences second wind farm

Relatively high consumption of reactive power

In beginning trip on frequency deviations

In beginning trip on voltage fluctuations

In beginning trip on all faults in the electrical system

After fine tuning these problems were solved and windgenerators only trip when the deviations exceed the set

values, which is hardly never.

The wind farm even withstand most of the faults in theelectrical system.


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Dilemma

According to our utility plan the idea is to reach

approximately 50% penetration level with wind energy

by the year 2020. Study implemented in 1995 shows maximum

penetration level of 12% due to reactive power

consumption of induction type wind generators with

stall or active stall.

First wind farm is reaching 15 years which was its

technical lifetime ( ROI reached after 9 years)

Increasing fuel prices make wind energy veryattractive option to stabilize costs.


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How to proceed?

Aqualectra is preparing a grid connection standard for

Independent Power producers including Wind farms.

Standard shall at least include:

Voltage ride through requirements;

Voltage control and reactive power capabilities; Off nominal frequency operating requirements;

Power quality, harmonic and resonance issues;

Monitoring requirements; Commissioning tests.


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Expectations wind energy

New wind generator designs like: Doubly fed

induction generators or Full converter types are

promising. They seem able to fulfill the requirements of the grid

connection standard we are preparing.

This is being investigated and we expect the results by

mid 2007.

This study shall also comment on the impact of the

new generation of wind farms on the maximum

penetration level of wind power in the Aqualectrasystem.


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Continued

If the results of the studies are positive the first wind

farm of Aqualectra will be replaced by a new one

before 2010. Probably 12 x 1 MW generators instead of 12 x 0.25

MW.

The site has space for approximately 25 wind

generators.

The experience with this new wind farm will show if it

is feasible to upgrade the Playa Kanoa wind farm from

18 x 0.5 MW to 18 x 1 MW units or bigger.


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Conclusions

Wind power is very attractive option for Aqualectra

Grid connection standards must be in place to prevent

future problems with reactive power consumption andfrequency fluctuations.

With stall and active stall induction generators thepenetration level for wind power in Curacao is limited

to 12% which was already reached in 2000. Doubly fed induction generators and Full converter

wind generators promise to solve actual problemsAqualectra encountered with wind power

Hopefully this can increase the maximum penetrationlevel of wind power in Curacao up to at least 50%


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Questions?


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Thank you very much

aqualectra presentation

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