anónimo - presentación famfosprehum

7/30/2019 Anónimo - Presentación FamFosPrehum

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Ardipithecus ramidus Ardipithecus ramidus

Tim White,Tim White, Alamayehu AsfawAlamayehu Asfaw,,

19921992--9494

AramisAramis, Ethiopia, Ethiopia

““Mystery SkeletonMystery Skeleton””

4.5 million years4.5 million years

Significance: The scientific world waitsSignificance: The scientific world waits

impatiently for a description of thisimpatiently for a description of this

quasiquasi--hominid, which includes much of hominid, which includes much of

a skeleton. It is hinted to have aa skeleton. It is hinted to have alocomotor locomotor pattern unlike that of any pattern unlike that of any

other known hominid or ape.other known hominid or ape.



A. anamensis

2

1

3

4

1. Flared tibia1. Flared tibia

2.2. Enlarged lateralEnlarged lateral condylecondyle

3. Large carpal tunnel3. Large carpal tunnel

4. Apelike chin4. Apelike chin

Meave LeakeyLake Turkana

4.1 mya

Bipedal

hominid more primitive than

afarensis



Hadar Knee Joint Australopithecus afarensisHadar Knee Joint Australopithecus afarensis

DonDon JohansonJohanson, 1973, 1973

Hadar Hadar , Ethiopia, Ethiopia

Age: 3Age: 3--4 million years4 million yearsSignificance: The distalSignificance: The distal

femur and proximal tibiafemur and proximal tibia

fragments articulate at anfragments articulate at an

angle characteristic of angle characteristic of bipedal hominids, rather bipedal hominids, rather

thanthan quadrupedalquadrupedal apes.apes.

This confirmed that theThis confirmed that the

Hadar Hadar fossils werefossils were

hominids.hominids.



Lucy

(A.L. 288) Australopithecus afarensis

Lucy

(A.L. 288) Australopithecus afarensis

DonDon JohansonJohanson, 1974, 1974 Hadar Hadar , Ethiopia, Ethiopia

Age: 3.2 million yearsAge: 3.2 million years

Significance: The most famous fossil of our Significance: The most famous fossil of our century, and the most complete specimencentury, and the most complete specimen

of any hominid this old. Three and a half of any hominid this old. Three and a half

feet tall and fully bipedal with a chimpfeet tall and fully bipedal with a chimp--

sized brain, Lucy representssized brain, Lucy represents

Australopithecus Australopithecus afarenisafarenis, the earliest well, the earliest well--

described hominid species.described hominid species.



A.L. 333 “First Family”

Australopithecus afarensis

A.L. 333 “First Family”

Australopithecus afarensis

DonDon JohansonJohanson, 1975, 1975


Age: 3.2 mAge: 3.2 m

Significance:Significance: Hadar Hadar location 333 yielded the remains of nine adults and four juvenilocation 333 yielded the remains of nine adults and four juvenilesles

(including the child shown above and many of the(including the child shown above and many of the Hadar Hadar jaws at the right). If its jaws at the right). If its

discoverers are correct in their assumption that these individuadiscoverers are correct in their assumption that these individua

ls died together in als died together in a

catastrophic event, the site offers a crosscatastrophic event, the site offers a cross--section of ansection of an afarensisafarensis population. population.



Meanwhile: Laetoli fossils & printsMeanwhile: Laetoli fossils & prints



A. L. 444 - 2

Australopithecusafarensis

A. L. 444 - 2

Australopithecusafarensis

Yoel Rak Yoel Rak , 1992, 1992


Age: 3 million yearsAge: 3 million years

Cranial capacity: 500 ccCranial capacity: 500 cc

Significance: This large male is theSignificance: This large male is the

most complete adultmost complete adult afarensisafarensis skullskullyet. It has fueled both sides of theyet. It has fueled both sides of the

debate about the number of speciesdebate about the number of species

atat Hadar Hadar ..



KNM-WT 17000: The Black Skull

Australopithecus aethiopicus

KNM-WT 17000: The Black Skull

Australopithecus aethiopicus

LeakeyLeakey team, Westteam, West TurkanaTurkana, Kenya, 1985, Kenya, 1985 Age: 2.6 million yearsAge: 2.6 million years

Cranial Capacity: 410 ccCranial Capacity: 410 cc

Significance: This surprisingly old, hyper Significance: This surprisingly old, hyper --robust australopithecine ruined robust australopithecine ruined JohansonJohanson’’ss

hypothesis thathypothesis that robustsrobusts descended fromdescended from A. A. africanusafricanus. In fact, it poses a challenge to. In fact, it poses a challenge toall neat, simple hominid all neat, simple hominid phylogenies phylogenies..



Raymond Dart, 1924Raymond Dart, 1924

TaungTaung, South Africa, South Africa

Australopithecus Australopithecus africanusafricanus

2.52.5 myamya

FourFour--year old with an apeyear old with an ape--sizedsized

brain, humanlike smallbrain, humanlike small

canines, and foramen magnumcanines, and foramen magnum

shifted forwardshifted forward

Taung Child Taung Child



STS 5, “Mrs. Ples”

Australopithecus africanus

STS 5, “Mrs. Ples”

Australopithecus africanus Robert Broom and JohnRobert Broom and John

Robinson, 1947Robinson, 1947

SterkfonteinSterkfontein, S. Africa, S. Africa

Age, 2.3Age, 2.3--2.8 million years2.8 million years

Cranial capacity, 450 ccCranial capacity, 450 cc

An adultAn adult A. A. africanusafricanus;; maymay

actually be a male.actually be a male.



Swartkrans 48

Australopithecusrobustus

Swartkrans 48

Australopithecusrobustus

Robert Broom, 1950Robert Broom, 1950

SwartkransSwartkrans, S. Africa, S. Africa

Age: 1.5Age: 1.5--2 my2 my

Cranial capacity: 500 cc.?Cranial capacity: 500 cc.?

Significance: Classic South AfricanSignificance: Classic South African robustusrobustus

Below: with

Swartkrans

23 mandble



OH 5 “Zinj”

Australopithecus boisei

OH 5 “Zinj”

Australopithecus boisei

MaryMary LeakeyLeakey, 1959, 1959

OlduvaiOlduvai Gorge, TanzaniaGorge, Tanzania

Age: 1.8 million yearsAge: 1.8 million years

Significance: The longSignificance: The long--awaited awaited

hominid to go with thehominid to go with the

OlduvaiOlduvai tools, this hyper tools, this hyper --

robust specimen surprised robust specimen surprised everyone. It was dubbed everyone. It was dubbed

““ZinjanthropusZinjanthropus”” from thefrom the

Swahili name for East Africa,Swahili name for East Africa,

and nicknamed and nicknamed ““ Nutcracker. Nutcracker.””



Australopithecus garhi Australopithecus garhi

Bouri site, Ethiopia 1998Bouri site, Ethiopia 1998

IHO team led by Tim White,IHO team led by Tim White,

Berhane AsfawBerhane Asfaw

2.5 million years old 2.5 million years old

Skulls and Skulls and postcranial postcranial bones bones

found with stone tools,found with stone tools,

butchered animal bones butchered animal bones HumerofemuralHumerofemural index moreindex more

modern thanmodern than afarensisafarensis or or

africanusafricanus

Face more apelike, molarsFace more apelike, molarslarger thanlarger than africanusafricanus

Claimed as possible link Claimed as possible link

between between afarensisafarensis and and Homo Homo



Kenyapithecus platyopsKenyapithecus platyops

Meave Leakey team 1999

Lake Turkana, Kenya

Age: 3.2 to 3.5 mya

Very complete cranium

Same age as afarensis New species, perhaps even new genus

Unique facial morphology, like later 1470

Meave: Has as good a claim as Lucy

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