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Mejora de la eficiencia y de la competitividad de la economía argentina
INTI - Unión Europea
SEGEMAR - INTEMIN
Taller
Implicaciones ambientales de la extracción de rocas y minerales no metalíferos5-Presentación de resultados
Dr. J.L. Fernández Turiel
Buenos Aires, 22-24 de agosto de 2005
ASTERISMOS PROJECTAS PONTES
ASTERISMOS PROJECT
AS PONTES COAL MINE
Timing
1956 (start) 1984 1991 1997 2010 (end)
Area A: As Pontes mine (10 %) - 13 km x 7 km Area B: Regional setting - 36 km x 26 km
A
B
AS PONTES COAL MINE
Restoration Map(Final)
Tim
e o
f M
ine
Lif
e
RESTORATION PLANNING AND MONITORING
DSS
PCALC
Land use - Land coverRegional Setting
Land use - Land coverMine Area
SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING APPLICATION
Restoration Map(Final)
Restoration Map(Final)
Restoration Map(Final)
Restoration Map(Final)
Restoration Maps(Annual Working Plans)
PCALC
REMOTE SENSING METHODOLOGY
MINE AREA RESTORATION EVOLUTION
multitemporal change detection
REGIONAL SETTING VEGETATION PATTERN
classification
DSS
ASTERISMOS PROJECT
GISREMOTE SENSING
RESTORATIONASSESSMENT
specificgeology, land use/cover, relief pattern, transport
distance, ...
CRITERIAgeneral
legislation and economy DSS
flat area
slopeterrace
hole
A
A
B
B
Slope criteria
AS PONTES RESTORATION
LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATIONAS PONTES - 1984
11
0 5 10 kmLandsat 5 - TM - Bands 1-2-3-4-5-7
08/09/1984Stepwise Linear Supervised Classification
LEGEND
Pasture, grassland and crop
Shrubland
Deciduous-mixed forest
Perennial forest
Bare Soil outside mine
Bare soil: clay
Bare soil:coal covered area
Bare soil: slate
Water: sea and reservoir
Water: mine clear water
Water: mine turbid water
Burnt area
Unclassified
N
LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATIONAS PONTES - 1991
11
0 5 10 kmLandsat 5 - TM - Bands 1-2-3-4-5-7
11/08/1991Stepwise Linear Supervised Classification
LEGEND
Pasture, grassland and crop
Shrubland
Deciduous-mixed forest
Perennial forest
Bare Soil outside mine
Bare soil: clay
Bare soil:coal covered area
Bare soil: slate
Water: sea and reservoir
Water: mine clear water
Water: mine turbid water
Burnt area
Unclassified
N
LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATIONAS PONTES - 1997
11
0 5 10 kmLandsat 5 - TM - Bands 1-2-3-4-5-7
05/04/1997Stepwise Linear Supervised Classification
LEGEND
Pasture, grassland and crop
Shrubland
Deciduous-mixed forest
Perennial forest
Bare Soil outside mine
Bare soil: clay
Bare soil:coal covered area
Bare soil: slate
Water: sea and reservoir
Water: mine clear water
Water: mine turbid water
Burnt area
Unclassified
N
LAND USE (Ha) 1984 1991 1997
Pasture and crops
28359.8 26870.9 24920.8
Shrubland 11289.1 25765.2 35874.8
Deciduous forest 26397.6 21769.4 16656.4
Perennial forest 20948.2 17337.5 14481.6
Unvegetated 476.4 524.2 546.9
Water 681.3 617.5 697.2
Burnt area 5691.4 959.1 666.1
Total 93843.8 93843.8 93843.8
LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATIONAS PONTES
PERENNIALFOREST
DECIDUOUSFOREST
MINEOPEN PIT DUMP
AGRICULTUREFORESTRY NATURAL PARK
finalfilling
FOREST
landuse
diversity
< 2.5-16o
slope
< 2.5o < 16o
LAKE SHRUBLANDGRASSLAND
DSS RESTORATION MAPAS PONTES COAL MINE - 2010 WITH PLANNED LAKE (h < 340 m)
DSS RESTORATION MAP – BASE CASEAS PONTES COAL MINE - 2010 WITH PLANNED LAKE (h < 340 m)
Grassland
Shrubland
Forest
Buildings
Water
TRADITIONAL FINAL RESTORATION PLANAS PONTES COAL MINE - 2010 WITH PLANNED LAKE (h < 340 m)
Grassland
Shrubland
Forest
Buildings
Water
ENDESA (Ha) DSS (Ha)
Grassland 295 475
Forest 648 621
Shrubland 140 27
Water 892 851
Total 1974 1974
TRADITIONAL AND DSS FINAL RESTORATION MAPSAS PONTES COAL MINE
2010 WITH PLANNED LAKE (h < 340 m)
Tasks Traditional ground-based
surveys
ASTERISMOS DSS
1. Criteria and measures definition
3 person /month 2200 € (satellite imagery)2 person /month
2. Final DEM
a) Photogrametric restitution and topographic survey (existing terrane)
9000 € (aerial photography) + 1.5 p/m
4100 € (satellite imagery – stereo pair) + 0.1 p/m
b) Planned new areas (future terrane)
2 p/m 2 p/m
3. DSS construction 1 p/m
4. Restoration (land use) map evaluation
1 p/m 0.25 p/m
TOTAL 9000 € + 7 p/m 6300 € + 5.35 p/m 30 % + 25 %
COSTS OF TRADITIONAL AND ASTERISMOS PROCEDURES
PCALC
REMOTE SENSING METHODOLOGY
MINE AREA RESTORATION EVOLUTION
multitemporal change detection
REGIONAL SETTING VEGETATION PATTERN
classification
DSS
MULTITEMPORAL CHANGE DETECTION
1956 extrapolatedclassification
1984 classification
1956-1984restoration map
1997 classification
1991 classification
1984-1991restoration map
1991-1997restoration map
1984-1997restoration map
LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATIONAS PONTES COAL MINE - 1984
11
0 1 2 km Landsat 5 - TM - Bands 1-2-3-4-5-708/09/1984
Stepwise Linear Supervised Classification
LEGEND
Pasture, grassland and crop
Shrubland
Deciduous-mixed forest
Perennial forest
Bare Soil outside mine
Bare soil: clay
Bare soil:coal covered area
Bare soil: slate
Water: sea and reservoir
Water: mine clear water
Water: mine turbid water
Burnt area
Unclassified
N
LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATIONAS PONTES COAL MINE - 1991
Landsat 5 - TM - Bands 1-2-3-4-5-711/08/1991
Stepwise Linear Supervised Classification
LEGEND
Pasture, grassland and crop
Shrubland
Deciduous-mixed forest
Perennial forest
Bare Soil outside mine
Bare soil: clay
Bare soil:coal covered area
Bare soil: slate
Water: sea and reservoir
Water: mine clear water
Water: mine turbid water
Burnt area
Unclassified
N1
1
0 1 2 km
LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATIONAS PONTES COAL MINE - 1997
Landsat 5 - TM - Bands 1-2-3-4-5-705/04/1997
Stepwise Linear Supervised Classification
LEGEND
Pasture, grassland and crop
Shrubland
Deciduous-mixed forest
Perennial forest
Bare Soil outside mine
Bare soil: clay
Bare soil:coal covered area
Bare soil: slate
Water: sea and reservoir
Water: mine clear water
Water: mine turbid water
Burnt area
Unclassified
N1
1
0 1 2 km
101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113
CRgrassCRshrubCRdeciduousCRperennialCBareSoilCw ater NRgrassNRshrubNRdeciduousNRperennialNBareSoilNw ater NOrVeg
1 Grass NRgrassCRgrassCRgrassCRgrassCRgrassCRgrassNRgrassCRgrassCRgrassCRgrassCRgrassCRgrassNOrVeg
2 Shrub CRshrubNRshrubCRshrubCRshrubCRshrubCRshrubCRshrubNRshrubCRshrubCRshrubCRshrubCRshrubNOrVeg
3 Deciduous CRdeciduousCRdeciduousNRdeciduousCRdeciduousCRdeciduousCRdeciduousCRdeciduousCRdeciduousNRdeciduousCRdeciduousCRdeciduousCRdeciduousNOrVeg
4 Perennial CRperennialCRperennialCRperennialNRperennialCRperennialCRperennialCRperennialCRperennialCRperennialNRperennialCRperennialCRperennialNOrVeg
5 Unvegetated
6 Clays CBareSoilCBareSoilCBareSoilCBareSoilNBareSoilNBareSoilCBareSoilCBareSoilCBareSoilCBareSoilNBareSoilCBareSoilCBareSoil
7 Coal cov. CBareSoilCBareSoilCBareSoilCBareSoilNBareSoilNBareSoilCBareSoilCBareSoilCBareSoilCBareSoilNBareSoilCBareSoilCBareSoil
8 Slates CBareSoilCBareSoilCBareSoilCBareSoilNBareSoilNBareSoilCBareSoilCBareSoilCBareSoilCBareSoilNBareSoilCBareSoilCBareSoil
9 Water
10 Clear w ater Cw ater Cw ater Cw ater Cw ater Cw ater Nw ater Cw ater Cw ater Cw ater Cw ater Cw ater Nw ater Cw ater
11 Turbid w ater Cw ater Cw ater Cw ater Cw ater Cw ater Nw ater Cw ater Cw ater Cw ater Cw ater Cw ater Nw ater Cw ater
12 Burnt areaNE
WE
R Y
EA
R C
LAS
SIF
ICA
TIO
N M
AP
OLDER YEAR RESTORATION MAP
NEW RESTORED VEGETATION RESTORED VEGETATION
POST-CLASSIFICATION AUTOMATICLOGICAL COMPARISON MATRIX
POST CLASSIFICATION RESTORATION MAPAS PONTES COAL MINE 1956 - 1984
Landsat 5 - TM - Bands 1-2-3-4-5-7(100 % veg. 1956) - 08/09/1984
Post classification automatic logical comparison
LEGEND
C.restored grassland
C. restored shrubland
C. restored deciduous forest
C. restored perennial forest
C. bare soil
C. water
N. restored grassland
N. restored shrubland
N. restored deciduous forest
N. restored perennial forest
N.C. bare soil
N.C. Water
Original Vegetation
CHANGE (C)
NO CHANGE (N)
N1
1
0 1 2 km
POST CLASSIFICATION RESTORATION MAPAS PONTES COAL MINE 1984 - 1991
Landsat 5 - TM - Bands 1-2-3-4-5-708/09/1984 and 11/08/1991
Post classification automatic logical comparison
LEGEND
C.restored grassland
C. restored shrubland
C. restored deciduous forest
C. restored perennial forest
C. bare soil
C. water
N. restored grassland
N. restored shrubland
N. restored deciduous forest
N. restored perennial forest
N.C. bare soil
N.C. Water
Original Vegetation
CHANGE (C)
NO CHANGE (N)
N1
1
0 1 2 km
POST CLASSIFICATION RESTORATION MAPAS PONTES COAL MINE 1991-1997
Landsat 5 - TM - Bands 1-2-3-4-5-711/08/1991 and 05/04/1997
Post classification automatic logical comparison
LEGEND
C.restored grassland
C. restored shrubland
C. restored deciduous forest
C. restored perennial forest
C. bare soil
C. water
N. restored grassland
N. restored shrubland
N. restored deciduous forest
N. restored perennial forest
N.C. bare soil
N.C. Water
Original Vegetation
CHANGE (C)
NO CHANGE (N)
N1
1
0 1 2 km
POST CLASSIFICATION RESTORATION MAPAS PONTES COAL MINE 1984-1997
Landsat 5 - TM - Bands 1-2-3-4-5-708/09/1984 and 05/04/1997
Post classification automatic logical comparison
LEGEND
C.restored grassland
C. restored shrubland
C. restored deciduous forest
C. restored perennial forest
C. bare soil
C. water
N. restored grassland
N. restored shrubland
N. restored deciduous forest
N. restored perennial forest
N.C. bare soil
N.C. Water
Original Vegetation
CHANGE (C)
NO CHANGE (N)
N1
1
0 1 2 km
EVOLUTION OF MINING ACTIVITYAS PONTES COAL MINE 1984 - 1991 - 1997
LEGEND
Affected area in 1984
Affected area in 1991
Affected area in 1997
Not affected
Mine perimeter
Landsat 5 - TM Years: 1984 - 1991 - 1997
Bare soil classes in stepwise classification
N1
1
0 1 2 km
1997 ENDESA RESTORATION AND PCALC MAPSAS PONTES COAL MINE
1997 ENDESA RESTORATION AND 1984-1997 PCALC MAPSAS PONTES COAL MINE
Grassland
Shrubland
Deciduous forest
Not restored area
Conniferous forest
Restored area
Land use \ Pair of years 56 - 84 84 - 91 91 - 97
56 - 84 84 - 91 91 - 97
Hectares
%
Grassland 0 8.7 239.5
0.0 0.3 7.9
Shrubland 0 125.9 583.1
0.0 4.1 19.2
Deciduous forest 0 12.3 95.2
0.0 0.4 3.1
Perennial forest 0 87 106.9
0.0 2.9 3.5
Original Vegetation 1169.4 665.3 581.6
38.5 21.9 19.2
Water 9.8 7.8 6.8
0.3 0.3 0.2
Bare soil 888.3 1160.5 454.4
29.3 38.2 15.0
Planned lake (< 340 m) 968.8 968.8 968.8
31.9 31.9 31.9
Total mine area 3036.3 3036.3 3036.3
100.0 100.0 100.0
Total Restored 0 233.9 1024.7
0.0 7.7 33.7
RESTORATION EVALUATION
TasksTraditional ground-
based surveysASTERISMOS
PCALC
1. DEM of year of interest (Photogrametric restitution
and topographic survey)
9000 € (aerial photography) + 1.5 p/m
4100 € (satellite imagery – stereo pair) + 0.1 p/m
2. Restoration (land use) map evaluation
0.25 p/m4400 € (2 satellite images)
+ 0.25 p/m
TOTAL 9000 € + 7 p/m8500 €+ 0.35 p/m 5 % + 95 %
COSTS OF TRADITIONAL AND ASTERISMOS PROCEDURES
FINAL RESTORATION PLANAS PONTES COAL MINE - 2010 WITH PLANNED LAKE (h < 340 m)
Mejora de la eficiencia y de la competitividad de la economía argentina
INTI - Unión Europea
Taller
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