internet de las cosas: del concepto a la realidad

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Internet de las Cosas: del Concepto a la Realidad

Bizkaia Enpresa Digitala, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia. Edificio Tecnalia, #204

27 de Octubre de 2016, 9:00-13:00

Dr. Diego López-de-Ipiña González-de-Artazadipina@deusto.es

http://paginaspersonales.deusto.es/dipinahttp://www.morelab.deusto.es

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Abstract

• Esta jornada explicará el concepto de Internet de las Cosas (IoT) y su encaje dentro de lo que se denomina como la Internet del Futuro

– Describirá las tecnologías que lo hacen posible

– Ofrecerá ejemplos de aplicación de IoT a diferentes ámbitos como salud, ciudades inteligentes o industria

– Identificará su grado de desarrollo actual

– Explorará su potencial implantación en nuestras entornos vitales e influencia en nuestras actividades cotidianas en un futuro cercano

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Agenda

1. Encaje dentro del ámbito de la Internet del Futuro: Web de Datos y Cloud Computing

2. ¿Qué es la Internet de las Cosas (IoT)?

3. Tecnologías que hacen posible IoT: RFID, NFC, Arduino, Protocolos, Cloud & Edge Computing …

4. Áreas de aplicación de la IoT: salud, bienestar, transporte, industria

5. Casos de éxito de IoT

6. IoT como habilitador de las Ciudades Inteligentes

7. Perspectivas de crecimiento de IoT: realidad o promesa

8. Conclusión

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¿Qué es la Internet del Futuro?• Término que resume los esfuerzos para

progresar a una mejor Internet, bienmediante:– Pequeños pasos evolutivos incrementales o

– Un rediseño completo (clean slate) y nuevos principiosarquitectónicos

• Future Internet –

– http://www.future-internet.eu/

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Misión de la Future Internet (FI)

• Ofrecer a todos los usuarios un entorno seguro,eficiente, confiable y robusto, que:

– Permita un acceso abierto, dinámico ydescentralizado a la red y a su información y

– Sea escalable, flexible y adapte su rendimiento alas necesidades de los usuarios y su contexto

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Visión de la Internet del Futuro

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Los Pilares de la Internet del Futuro

• La Internet del Futuro consta de 4 pilares apoyadosen una nueva infraestructura de red como base:

– Internet Por y Para la Gente

– Internet de los Contenidos y del Conocimiento

– Internet de los Servicios

– Internet de las Cosas

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Arquitectura de la Internet del Futuro

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Internet de las Cosas (IoT): Motivación

• ¿Quieres saber cuántos pasos has andado?

• ¿Los kilómetros que has conducido?

• ¿Los watios que has consumido?

• ¿Cómo mejorar la eficiencia y seguridad en mi fábrica?

• Internet de las Cosas te puede decir eso y mucho más

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IoT: Infografías

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Internet de las Cosas … conectando información, gente y cosas

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Evolución hacia IoT

• Desde la Web a la Web Social hacia IoT

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Historia IoT

• El concepto de dispositivo inteligente conectado fue acuñado en 1982 con máquina expendedora conectada en CMU

• El artículo de Mark Weiser en 1991 "The Computer of the21st Century", y los conceptos académicos de UbiComp y PerCom fueron el germen de IoT

• El término IoT fue acuñado por Kevin Aston del MIT en 1999

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Internet of Things: Definition (I)

• Internet of Things (IoT) is a dynamic global network infrastructure with self-configuring capabilities based on standard and interoperable communication protocols wherephysical and virtual “things” have identities, physical attributes and virtual personalities and use intelligent interfaces and are seamlessly integrated into the information network.from the IERC (the European Research Cluster on Internet of Things http://www.internet-of-things-research.eu/)

– Things can range from tagged objects (RFID, NFC, QR codes, Barcodes, Image Recognition) to Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), machines, vehicles and consumer electronics

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Internet of Things: Definition (II)

• The internet of things (IoT) is the network of physical devices, vehicles, buildings and other items—embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity that enables these objects to collect and exchange data

– Opportunity for more direct integration of the physical world into computer-based systems, and resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit

– Encompasses technologies such as Smart Grids, Smart Homes, Intelligent Transportation and Smart Cities

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6 facts about IoT1. IoT is the term used to describe any kind of application that

connected and made “things” interact through the Internet

2. IoT is a communication network connecting things which have naming, sensing and processing abilities

3. IoT is the next stage of the information revolution, i.e. the inter-connectivity of everything from urban transport to medical devices to household appliances

4. Intelligent interactivity between human and things to exchange information & knowledge for new value creation

5. IoT is not just about gathering of data but also about the analysis and use of data

6. IoT is not just about “smart devices”; it is also about devices and services that help people become smarter

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Sensors

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Connectivity

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People & Process

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IoT = Sensors + Connectivity + Processing for People

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Internet de las Cosas

• Red universal de objetos interconectadosy direccionables basada en protocolos decomunicación estándar– IoT exhibirá un alto nivel de heterogeneidad,

combinando objetos de distinta funcionalidad,tecnología o campos de aplicación

– Protocolos semánticos noveles serándesarrollados para permitir a IoT escalar ycoordinar a los millones de objetos que nosrodean

– RFID y redes de sensores proporcionan unmecanismo de bajo coste y robusto deidentificación y sensibilidad al contexto

• El uso de Internet pasará de modelorequest/reply a push-and-process

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Internet de las Cosas: mucho más que cosas inteligentes

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IoT: 3rd wave of Internet

• Key attributes that distinguish IoT from “regular” Internet, as captured by Goldman Sachs’s S-E-N-S-E framework: Sensing, Efficient, Networked, Specialized, Everywhere

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Internet of Things (IoT) Promise

• There will be around 25 billion devices connected to theInternet by 2015, 50 billion by 2020

– A dynamic and universal network where billions of identifiable“things” (e.g. devices, people, applications, etc.) communicatewith one another anytime anywhere; things become context-aware, are able to configure themselves and exchangeinformation, and show “intelligence/cognitive” behaviour

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Internet of Everything (I)

• CISCO view: “From the Internet of Things (IoT), where we are today, we are just beginning to enter a new realm: the Internet of Everything (IoE), where things will gain context awareness, increased processing power, and greater sensing abilities”

– IoE brings together people, process, data, and things to make networked connections more relevant and valuable than ever before-turning information into actions that create new capabilities, richer experiences, and unprecedented economic opportunity.

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Internet of Everything (II)

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How big is IoT?

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Rapid growth of connected things

"Fixed" computing Mobility/BYOD Internet of things Internet of everything

Source: Cisco IBSG, 2013

(you go to the device) (the device goes with you) (age of devices) (people, process, data, things)

1995 2000 2013 2020

200M

10B

50B

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IoT Predictions (by 2020-22)

7,1tn IoT Solutions Revenue | IDC

1,9tn IoT Economic Value Add | Gartner

309bn IoT Supplier Revenue | Gartner

50bn Connected Devices | Cisco

14bn Connected Devices | Bosch SI

http://postscapes.com/internet-of-things-market-size

Peter Middleton, Gartner:

“By 2020, component

costs will have come

down to the point that

connectivity will become a

standard feature, even for

processors costing less

than

$1“

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Tipos de Internet de las Cosas

• Al menos dos sabores:

– Consumer IoT (CIoT): orientada a consumidores

– Industrial IoT (IIoT)

• Industria 4.0

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Consumer Internet of Things (CIoT)

• The Consumer Internet of Things (CIoT) represents the class of consumer-oriented applications where:

– Devices are consumer devices, such as smart appliances, e.g. refrigerator, washer, dryer, personal gadgets such as, fitness sensors, Google Glasses, etc.

– Data volumes and rates are relatively low

– Applications are not mission or safety critical, e.g., the failure of fitness gadget will make you, at worse, upset, but won’t cause any harm

– CIoT applications tend to be “consumer-centric”

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Sectores IoT de Consumo

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IoT impulse: Smart Cities, consumer objects, mobile sensing, smart metering

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Personal data: SmartWatch & Health-promoting Data Devices

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Quantified Self & LifeLogging

• Quantified self is self-knowledge through self-tracking with technology

– Movement to incorporate technology into data acquisition on aspects of a person's daily life in terms of inputs (e.g. food consumed, quality of surrounding air), states (e.g. mood, arousal, blood oxygen levels), and performance (mental and physical)

• Self-monitoring and self-sensing through wearable sensors (EEG, ECG, video, etc.) and wearable computing lifelogging

• Application areas:

– Health and wellness improvement

– Improve personal or professional productivity

• Products and companies:

– Apple Watch, Fitbit tracker, Jawbone UP, Pebble, Withings scale

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SmartWatch Comparison

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Google Glass

• Su misión es producir un ubiquitous computer de ventamasiva

– Lanzadas para los desarrolladores de Google I/O por 1500$ en el año 2013

• Muestra información disponible sin utilizar las manos, accede a Internet mediante órdenes de voz, de manera comparable a Google Now

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• Google Home– Features

• Amazon Echo– Alexa API

Audible Computing

• Apple AirPods– Comparison

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Features of Audible Computing Products

Google Home Amazon Echo

Price $130 $180

Responds to voice

commandsYes Yes

Always listening Yes Yes

Wake word "Okay Google" Alexa, Echo, or Amazon

Music streaming

options

Google Play Music, YouTube Music, Spotify, Pandora,

iHeartRadio, TuneIn, others

Amazon Prime Music, Spotify, Pandora,

iHeartRadio, TuneIn, others

Smart home

partnershipsNest, SmartThings, Philips Hue, IFTTT

Nest, Ecobee, SmartThings, Wink, Insteon,

Belkin WeMo, Philips Hue, Lifx, Big Ass Fans,

IFTTT, other devices via "skills"

Customizable

appearanceYes No

Output to stereo

systemYes, via Chromecast No (yes with Amazon Dot)

Synced audio playback

to multiple devicesYes, to any Google Cast device No

Personal assistant

highlights

Search Google, get a personalized daily briefing, check

traffic, add items to calendar, make a shopping list,

make a to do list, check flight status, track a package

Add items to calendar, make a shopping list,

make a to do list, check flight status, track a

package

Other features

Cast to your TV with Chromecast, launch and control

Netflix and YouTube via Chromecast, send photos to

your TV via Chromecast

Order a pizza, play a game, arrange an Uber

pickup. Echo has an ever-growing list of 900+

skills and counting

https://www.cnet.com/news/google-home-vs-amazon-echo/

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Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)

• The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) represents industry-oriented applications where:– Devices are machines operating in industrial,

transportation, energy or medical environment

– Data volumes and rates tend to be from sustained to relatively high

– Applications are mission and or safety critical, e.g. the failure of a smart grid has severe impact on our life and economy, the misbehaving of a smart traffic system can threaten drivers

– IIoT applications tend to be “system centric”

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Differences among IoT, M2M & CPS• Not clear cut distinction, these terms are often used

interchangeably;– M2M– Machine-to-Machine

• TelCo world origins, tied to the network implications of connecting machines rather than people, explosion of # of connections with limited bit-rate, ETSI is the main standardisation body); think of telemetry applications

– M2M is the glue of the IoT

– CPS – Cyber Physical Systems

• Merging real and virtual (cyber) worlds, focusing on systems that based on duly sampled representation of the physical world can intervene through digitized actuators to change behaviours in the physical world; think of car ABS

– CPS is the science bricks behind IoT

– IoT hailed as a broader concept, where the focus is more on wide applications

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Smart Grid

• A Smart Grid is an electrical grid which includes a variety of operational and energy measures including smart meters, smart appliances, renewable energy resources, and energy efficiency resources.

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Telehealth system

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Industry 4.0

• Industry 4.0, Industrie 4.0 or the fourth industrial revolution, is the current trend of automation and data exchange in manufacturing technologies. – It includes cyber-physical systems, the Internet of things and Cloud

Computing.

– Industry 4.0 creates what has been called a "smart factory".

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Industria 4.0 y IoT

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Industry 4.0: Features

• Ingredients for paradigm shift in manufacturing: autonomous robotics, additive manufacturing (3D printing), cloud computing and sensor technology (IoT)

• Opportunities for innovation in terms of:

– Smarter industrial processes

– New business models and

– Customised products

• The new technological wave builds on the concept of cyber-physical systems: profound interaction of the real and virtual worlds in the manufacturing process

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Internet of Things: Challenges

1. To process huge amounts of data supplied by “connectedthings” and to offer services as response

2. To research in new methods and mechanisms to find, retrieve, and transmit data dynamically– Discovery of sensor data — both in time and space

– Communication of sensor data: complex queries (synchronous), publish/subscribe (asynchronous)

– Processing of great variety of sensor data streams: correlation, aggregation and filtering

3. Ethical and social dimension: to keep the balance betweenpersonalization, privacy and security

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La Ecuación de IoT• Conexión en red de cosas aumentadas da lugar a

agregación de datos y orquestación de servicios para mejorar procesos

THING IT[HW | SW]

THING-BASED

FUNCTION[Local | Business

models known]

IT-BASED

SERVICE[Global | Business

models required]

Example SERVICE: Send ambulance

in case of accident (detected by sensors)

Example FUNCTION:

Drive from A to B

A B

Source: University of St. Gallen, Prof. Dr. Elgar Fleisch

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Information flow in IoT• Information within the Internet of Things creates value in a

never-ending value loop consisting of 5 stages (CREATE … to ACT):

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IoT Key Components

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IoT ArchitectureSensing Layer

Communication Layer

Management Layer

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Ecosistema de IoT

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What do IoT apps do? (I)

• Remote monitoring

• Distributed and accurate sensing

• Tracking location / presence (inventory, belongings)

• Tracking usage / conditions

• Statistics data generation

– Health, energy, traffic etc.

• Actuation

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What do IoT apps do? (II)

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Dominios de Aplicación

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Exemplary IoT Solutions

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Combinando Dominios IoT

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Combinando Dominios IoT

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Combinando Dominios IoT

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De la Granja Digital a la Mesa

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IoT in Precision

Agriculture and Farming

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IoT Companies

• House: – http://smartthings.com/

– https://nest.com/

– http://sen.se/ (“mother”)

– http://bounceimaging.com/ (emergency & rescue)

• Car:– http://www.automatic.com

• Health & Activity– Pebble (smart watch, personal assistant)

– Fitbit (personal trainer, fitness, health monitoring)

– Samsung

• IBM (Smart cities, dublinked)

• Cisco (Internet of Everything)

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IoT Enablers (I)

RFID Sensor Smart Tech Nano Tech

To identify and track the data of things

To collect and process the data to detect the changes in the physical status of things

To enhance the power of the network by devolving processing capabilities to different part of the network.

To make the smaller and smaller things have the ability to connect and interact.

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IoT Enablers (II)

Networkedheating systems

Networkedsurveillance systems

Connectedvehicles

Smart sensorplatforms

Network capability of

devicesLow power

consumptionSmall form

factor

Energy harvesting capability

Wirelesstechnologies

Applications

Appropriatecost

Enablers

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IoT Enabling Technologies

• Low-cost embedded computing and communication platforms, e.g. Arduino or Rapsberry PI

• Wide availability of low-cost sensors and networks

• Cloud-based Sensor Data Management Frameworks: Xively, Sen.se

Democratization of Internet-connected Physical Objects

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IoT Hardware prototyping platforms

– Self-contained

– Cheap

– Easy to program and extend

– Often under Open Source and/or Open Hardware license

– Self-contained

– Strong online community for learning and support

– Focus on easy onboarding for non-experts

– Strong success in hobbyist / maker / education areas

• An electronic board and associated software for easily connecting electronics to software and the Cloud which differs from professional electronics development kits:

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The Maker Movement

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The MakerMovement

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3D Printing

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IPv6 a key IoT enabler (I)• Latest revision of the Internet Protocol (IP), provides an identification

and location system for computers on networks and routes traffic across the Internet.

– Developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to deal with the long-anticipated problem of IPv4 address exhaustion

• IPv6 is intended to replace IPv4, which still carries the vast majority of Internet traffic.

– As of October 2016, the percentage of users reaching Google over IPv6 surpassed 14%: https://www.google.com/intl/en/ipv6/statistics.html#tab=ipv6-adoption&tab=ipv6-adoption

• To make the switch, software and routers will have to be changed

• IPv6 uses a 128-bit address, allowing 2128, or approximately 3.4×1038

addresses, or more than 7.9×1028 times as many as IPv4, which uses 32-bit addresses.

• IPv6 addresses are represented as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits separated by colons

– E.g. 2001:0db8:85a3:0042:1000:8a2e:0370:7334

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IPv6 a key IoT enabler (II)

• The future of IoT will not be possible without the support of IPv6– The global adoption of IPv6 in the coming years will be critical for the successful

development of the IoT in the future

• The ability to network embedded devices with limited CPU, memory and power resources means that IoT finds applications in nearly every field

– IoT systems could also be responsible for performing actions, not just sensing things

• 6LoWPAN is an acronym of IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks

– The 6LoWPAN concept originated from the idea that "the Internet Protocol could and should be applied even to the smallest devices“ and that low-power devices with limited processing capabilities should be able to participate in the Internet of Things.

– The 6LoWPAN group has defined encapsulation and header compression mechanisms that allow IPv6 packets to be sent and received over IEEE 802.15.4 (Zigbee) based networks.

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IPv6 vs. IPv4

• Other important changes:• No more NAT (Network Address Translation), Auto-configuration, no

more private address collisions, better multicast routing, simpler header

format, simplified, more efficient routing, true quality of service (QoS), also

called "flow labeling“, built-in authentication and privacy support, flexible

options and extensions, easier administration (say good-bye to DHCP)

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IPv6 vs. IPv4

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HTTP 2.0

• HTTP 2.0 is the next planned version of the HTTP network protocol used by the World Wide Web. – HTTP 2.0 is being developed by the Hypertext Transfer Protocol Bis (httpbis)

working group of the IETF.– Based on Google's SPDY protocol, Microsoft's HTTP Speed+Mobility proposal

(SPDY based)

• HTTP 2.0 would be the first new version of the HTTP protocol since HTTP 1.1 was described by RFC 2616 in 1999.– In May 2015 it was published as HTTP/2 as RFC 7540

• Goals:– Include asynchronous connection multiplexing, header compression, and

request-response pipelining, while maintaining full backwards compatibility with the transaction semantics of HTTP 1.1

– Enable Server-Push

• Documentation: – http://chimera.labs.oreilly.com/books/1230000000545/ch12.html

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HTTP 2.0 streams, messages and frames

Binary Framing Layer Stream, Messages & Frames

A connection carries any number of bidirectionalstreams. In turn, each stream communicates inmessages, which consist of one or multiple frames,each of which may be interleaved and thenreassembled via the embedded stream identifier inthe header of each individual frame

Request & Response Multiplexing

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Protocolos para IoT (I)

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Protocolos para IoT (II)

• NFC y BLE también entran en esta categoría:

Protocol CoAP XMPP RESTful HTTP MQTT

Transport UDP TCP TCP TCP

Messaging Request/ResponsePublish/Subscribe Request/Response

Request/ResponsePublish/Subscribe Request/Response

2G, 3G, 4G Suitability (1000s nodes)

Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent

LLN Suitability (1000s nodes) Excellent Fair Fair Fair

Compute Resources 10Ks RAM/Flash 10Ks RAM/Flash 10Ks RAM/Flash 10Ks RAM/Flash

Success StoriesUtility Field AreaNetworks

Remote management of consumer white goods

Smart EnergyProfile 2 (premiseenergymanagement/home services)

Extending enterprise messaging into IoTapplications

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Near Field Communication (NFC)

• Near field communication (NFC) is a set of standards for smartphones and similar devices to establish radio communication with each other by touching them together or bringing them into close proximity, usually no more than a few centimetres

– Operates at 13.56 MHz, has data transfer rate ranging from 106 kbit/s to 424 kbit/s

– NFC tags contain data and are typically read-only, but may be rewriteable

• Uses RFID (Radio Frequency Communication) chips that enable devices to communicate between them, bi-directionally.

– Application examples:

• NFC headsets and electronic wallets, eliminates the need to pair devices in Bluetooth or WiFi Direct (e.g. Android Beam / S-Beam), data exchange through NFC tags

• Wider availability of NFC-enabled SmartPhones is propelling its usage: http://www.nfcworld.com/nfc-phones-list/

– Apple iPhone 6s supports NFC as part of Apple Pay

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NFC in Use

• Get info from posters, make payments, exchange connections

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Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)

• Bluetooth low energy (BLE) is a wireless computer network technology which is aimed at novel applications in the healthcare, fitness, security, and home entertainment industries.

– Compared to "Classic" Bluetooth, it is intended to provide considerably reduced power consumption and lower cost, while maintaining a similar communication range

• Power consumption is drastically reduced via a low pulsing method that keeps devices connected without the need of a continuous information stream

• Features:

– Operates in the same spectrum range (the 2.400 GHz-2.4835 GHz ISM band) as Classic Bluetooth technology, but uses a different set of channels.

– Uses a star topology

– Nodes act as presence/state indicators

– Internet enabled devices as Gateways

• Available devices supporting BLE (most of the new SmartPhones feature it)

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• In the market, we can encounter two types of BLE devices:

– Bluetooth Smart Ready refers to devices that use a dual-mode radios, which can handle both the 4.0 technology, as well as classic Bluetooth abilities, such as transferring files, or connecting to a hands-free device.

– Bluetooth Smart represents a new breed of Bluetooth 4.0 peripherals: sensor-type devices like heart-rate monitors or pedometers that run on small batteries and are designed to collect specific pieces of information.

• Only connect to BT Smart Ready devices

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iBeacon – a class of BLE devices that broadcast their identifier to nearby portable electronic devices (I)

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iBeacon – a class of BLE devices that broadcast their identifier to nearby portable electronic devices (II)

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EddyStone & Physical Web

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Short range communication: NFC, QR and iBeacons

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Web of Things (I)

• The Web of Things (WoT) is a computing concept that describes a future where everyday objects are fully integrated with the Web.– The prerequisite for WoT is for the "things" to have embedded

computer systems that enable communication with the Web, i.e. HTTP microserver

– Such smart devices would then be able to communicate with each other using existing Web standards: HTTP & REST

– http://www.webofthings.org/

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Web of Things (II)

• Term used to describe approaches, software architectural styles and programming patterns that allow real-world objects to be part of the World Wide Web– Similarly to what the Web (Application Layer) is to the Internet

(Network Layer) the Web of Things provides an Application Layer that simplifies the creation of Internet of Things applications

– Rather than re-inventing completely new standards, the Web of Things reuses existing and well-known Web standards used in the programmable Web (e.g., REST, HTTP, JSON), semantic Web (e.g., JSON-LD, Microdata, etc.), the real-time Web (e.g., Websockets) and the social Web (e.g., oauth or social networks).

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Web of Things Architecture

• The following layers compose WoT:

– Layer 1 (ACCESS): ensures things have a Web accessible API, transforming them into programmable things

– Layer 2 (FIND): reuses Web semantic standards to describe things and their services

– Layer 3 (SHARE): data generated by things can be shared in an efficient and secure manner

– Layer 4 (COMPOSE): integrates the services and data offered by things into higher level Web tools

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The Programmable World

• Los siguientes pasos para alcanzar la quimera de Programmable World:1. Transformar los objetos cotidianos en inteligentes

2. Conectar estos objetos entre ellos y hacer que “conversen”, algo de lo que productos como SmartThingsestán tratando

3. Construir aplicaciones basadas en esta conectividad, interconectándolas con datos externos para predecir, por ejemplo, patrones de tiempo o consumo eléctrico

• Soluciones como IFTTT facilitan esa conectividad entre diferentes canales de datos

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IFTTT

• IFTTT is a service that lets you create powerful connections with one simple statement:– IFTTT is pronounced like “gift” without the “g”

• Channels are the basic building blocks of IFTTT: Facebook, Evernote, Email, Weather, LinkedIn

• Each channel has its own Triggers and Actions:– The this part of a Recipe is a Trigger, e.g. “I’m tagged in a photo on

Facebook”

– The that part of a Recipe is an Action, e.g. “send me a text message”

– Pieces of data from a Trigger are called Ingredients

• Demos: https://ifttt.com/myrecipes/personal

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Atooma

• Es como un IFTTT pero para SmartPhones

• Permite definir eventos condicionales (IF) que lanzan automáticamente tareas (DO) asociadas actividades que pueden ser detectadas por tu móvil (hora, localización, estado de la batería, etc.)

– URL: http://www.atooma.com/

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IoT & Cloud Computing Interdependency

• Cloud computing and IoT are tightly coupled

– The growth of IoT and the rapid development of associated technologies create a widespread connection of “things.”

• Leads to production of large amounts of data, which needs to be stored, processed and accessed

– Cloud computing as a paradigm for big data storage and analytics

• The combination of cloud computing and IoT will enable new monitoring services and powerful processing of sensory data streams.

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Infraestructura Virtualizada:Cloud Computing

Un paradigma de computación emergente donde los datos y servicios residen en centros de datos muy escalables que pueden ser accedidosubicuamente desde cualquier dispositivo conectado a Internet.

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Cloud Computing es …

• … capacidad computacional yalmacenamiento virtualizada expuestamediante infraestructura agnóstica a laplataforma y accedida por Internet

– Recursos IT compartidos en demanda, creados y eliminados eficientemente y de modo escalable a través de una variedad de interfaces programáticos facturados en base a su uso

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Evolución hacia Cloud Computing

• La coexistencia y limitaciones de clustercomputing y supercomputing dieron lugar a grid computing

• De grid computing progresamos hacia utility computing, i.e. Servicios computacionales empaquetados como agua, electricidad, etc.

• Esto derivó en Cloud Computing, es decir, todo como servicio (XaaS) :

• Plataforma como Servicio

• Software como Servicio

• Infraestructura como Servicio

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Clasificación de Cloud Computing

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Fisonomía de Cloud Computing

Tipos de despliegue• Cloud privada

– Propiedad de o alquilada por una empresa (centros de datos,…)

• Cloud comunitaria

– Infraestructura compartida por una comunidad específica

• Cloud pública

– Vendida al público, gran escala (ec2, S3,…)

• Cloud híbrida

– Composición de dos o más clouds

Manifestaciones • Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS)

– Uso de la aplicación del proveedor sobre la red, e.j., Salesforce.com,…

• Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS)

– Despliega aplicaciones creadas por los clientes a la nube, e.j. Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure, IBM BlueMix …

• Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

– Alquilar procesamiento, almacenamiento, capacidad de red y otros recursos computacionales e.j., EC2 – ElasticCompute Cloud, S3 – Simple Storage Service, Simple DB,…

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Arquitectura Cloud Computing

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Ventajas y Retos de Cloud Computing

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Mayores Proveedores

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Cloud Computing Limitations for IoT

• Connectivity to the Cloud is a MUST but …– Some IoT systems need to be able to work even when connection is

temporarily unavailable or under degraded connection

• Cloud Computing assumes that there is enough bandwidth to collect the data– That can become an overly strong assumptions for Industrial Internet

of Things applications

• Cloud Computing centralises the analytics thus defining the lower bound reaction time of the system– Some IoT applications won’t be able to wait for the data to get to the

cloud, be analysed and for insights to get back

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Edge Computing• Pushing the frontier of computing applications,

data, and services away from centralized nodes to the logical extremes of a network.

– It enables analytics and knowledge generation to occur at the source of the data.

104

Edge Computing: Benefits• Locally confines regional data processing of M2M/big data applications

that incur large data traffic to edge-servers, and reduces network bandwidth.

– Executes real-time applications that require high-speed response at the nearer edge-servers which will satisfy the severe real-time requirement.

• Offloads some of the computation intensive processing on the user’s device to edge servers and makes application processing less dependent on the device’s capability.

105

Fog Computing = IoT + Cloud Computing (I)• The industry’s three building blocks, subject to Moore’s law, are: storage,

computing and network

– The problem is, right now everything is sorted in the cloud, which means you have to push all this data up, just to get the distilled big data feedback down.

• Fog computing is a decentralized computing infrastructure in which computing resources and application services are distributed in the most logical, efficient place at any point along the continuum from the data source to the cloud

o improve efficiency and reduce the amount of datathat needs to be transported to the cloud for data processing, analysis and storage.

o done for efficiency reasons, but it may also be carried out for security and compliance reasons.

106

Fog Computing = IoT + Cloud Computing (II)

107

Cloudlet

• A cloudlet is a new architectural element that arises from the convergence of mobile computing and cloud computing.

• It represents the middle tier of a new 3-tier hierarchy:

– mobile device --- cloudlet --- cloud.

• A cloudlet can be viewed as a "data center in a box" whose goal is to "bring the cloud closer".

108

Web Semántica

• Problema de la Web Actual:– El significado de la web no es comprensible por máquinas

• Web Semántica crea un medio universal de intercambio de información, aportando semántica a los documentos en la web – Añade significado comprensible por ordenadores a la Web

– Usa técnicas inteligentes que explotan esa semántica

– Liderada por Tim Berners-Lee del W3C

• Misión “turning existing web content into machine-readable content“

109

Web of Data: Limitaciones de la Web de Documentos

• Demasiada información con muy poca estructura y hecha además para consumo humano

– Es una web sintáctica no semántica

– La búsqueda de contenidos es muy simplista

• Se requieren mejores métodos

• Los contenidos web son heterogéneos

– En términos de contenido

– En términos de estructura

– En términos de codificación de caracteres

• El futuro requiere integración de información inteligente

110

Linked Data

• “A term used to describe a recommended best practice for exposing, sharing, and connecting pieces of data, information, and knowledge on the Semantic Web using URIs and RDF.“

• Allows to discover, connect, describe and reuse all sorts of data– Fosters passing from a Web of Documents to a Web of Data

• In September 2011, it had 31 billion RDF triples linked through 504 millions of links

• Thought to open and connect diverse vocabularies and semantic instances, to be used by the Semantic community

• URL: http://linkeddata.org/

111

Linked Data Principles

1. Uses URIs to identify things

2. Uses HTTP URIs to enable those things to be dereferenced by both people and user agents

3. Provides useful info (structured description and metadata) about a thing/concept referenced by an URI

4. Includes links to other URIs to improve related information discovery in the web

112

Linked Data Example

http://…/isbn978

Programming the Semantic Web

978-0-596-15381-6

Toby Segaran

http://…/publisher1

O’Reilly

title

name

author

publisher

isbn

http://…/isbn978

sameAs

http://…/review1

Awesome Book

http://…/reviewer

Juan Sequeda

http://juansequeda.com/id

hasReview

hasReviewer

description

name

sameAs

livesIn

Juan Sequedaname

http://dbpedia.org/Austin

113

Linked Data Life Cycle

• Linked Data must go through several stages (several iterations on Linkage) before are ready for exploitation:

114

Schema.org• Initiative launched in 2011 by Bing, Google, Yahoo and then Yandex

• Objective: “create and support a common set of schemas for structured data mark-up on web pages.”– Propose to use their schemas to annotate contents in a web page with metadata

• Metadata are recognized by search engines and other parsers, thus accessing to the “meaning” of portals

• Their vocabularies were inspired by earlier formats like Microformats, FOAF, GoodRelations and OpenCyc

• Offer schemas in the following domains (http://schema.org/docs/schemas.html):– Events, health, organization, person, place, product, offer, revisión and so on.

• To map declarations in microdata to RDF the following tools can be used: http://tools.seochat.com/category/schema-generators

• More info at: http://schema.org/

• Examples:– http://schema.org/CreativeWork

– http://paginaspersonales.deusto.es/dipina/ (microdata.reveal Chrome plugin)

115

Avoiding Data Silos through Semantics in IoT

• Cut-down semantics is applied to enable machine-interpretable and self-descriptive interlinked data

– Integration – heterogeneous data can be integrated or one type of data combined with other

– Abstraction and access – semantic descriptions are provided on well accepted ontologies such as SSN

– Search and discovery – resulting Linked Data facilitates publishing and discovery of related data

– Reasoning and interpretation –new knowledge can be inferred from existing assertions and rules

116

Actionable Knowledge from Linked Data

• Don’t care about the data sources (sensors) care about knowledge extracted from their data correlation & interpretation!

– Data is captured, communicated, stored, accessed and shared from the physical world to better understand the surroundings

– Sensory data related to different events can be analysed, correlated and turned into actionable knowledge

– Application domains: e-health, retail, green energy, manufacturing, smart cities/houses

117

Data Understanding through Linked Statistics & Visualizations

118

Bringing together IoT and Linked Data: Sustainable Linked Data Coffee Maker

• Hypothesis: “the active collaboration of people and Eco-aware everyday objects will enable a more sustainable/energy efficient use of the shared appliances within public spaces”

• Contribution: An augmented capsule-based coffee machine placed in a public spaces, e.g. research laboratory

– Continuously collects usage patterns to offer feedback to coffee consumers about the energy wasting and also, to intelligently adapt its operation to reduce wasted energy

• http://socialcoffee.morelab.deusto.es/

119

Social + Sustainable + Persuasive + Cooperative + Linked Data Device

1. Social since it reports its energy consumptions via social networks, i.e. Twitter

2. Sustainable since it intelligently foresees when it should be switched on or off

3. Persuasive since it does not stay still, it reports misuse and motivates seductively usage corrections

4. Cooperative since it cooperates with other devices in order to accelerate the learning process

5. Linked Data Device, since it generates reusable energy consumption-related linked data interlinked with data from other domains that facilitates their exploitation

120

Persuasive Interfaces to Promote Positive Behaviour Change

GreenSoul, H2020 project 2016-2018, EE11

121

Linked Data by IoT Devices• Modelling not only the sensors but also their features of

interest: spatial and temporal attributes, resources that provide their data, who operated on it, provenance and so on – With SSN, SWEET, SWRC, GeoNames, PROV-O, … vocabularies

122

IoT Platform Requirements

Devices

Connectivity

Platforms

Internet of Things

Connected things, products, services,

systems, etc.

Security

Networks

Apps &

AnalyticsDatabases

Source:

Machina Research 2014

123

IoT Platforms• Allow to manage remote devices and exchange messages to enable

building IoT applications

– Remote Device Management

• Manage the device life cycle from onboarding till decommissioning

• Receive device information

• Configure devices remotely

• Send commands to devices

– Message Management

• Collect sensor data and store it in the HCP persistence layer

• Supports various transport protocols and message formats

– Application Enablement

• Use Device Management and Message Management functionality in yourapplications

• IoT software platform can be classified according to the following criteria: device management, integration, security, protocols for data collection, types of analytics, and support for visualizations

124

IoT PlatformsIoT Software Platform

Device management?

Integration SecurityProtocols for data collection

Types of analyticsSupport for visualizations?

2lemetry - IoTAnalytics Platform**

YesSalesforce, Heroku, ThingWorx APIs

Link Encryption (SSL), Standards ( ISO 27001, SAS70 Type II audit)

MQTT, CoAP,STOMP,M3DA

Real-time analytics (Apache Storm)

No

Appcelerator No REST APILink Encryption (SSL, IPsec, AES-256)

MQTT, HTTPReal-time analytics (Titanium [1])

Yes (Titanium UI Dashboard)

AWS IoT platform Yes REST APILink Encryption(TLS), Authentication(SigV4, X.509)

MQTT, HTTP1.1Real-time analytics (Rules Engine, Amazon Kinesis, AWS Lambda)

Yes (AWS IoT Dashboard)

Bosch IoT Suite - MDM IoT Platform

Yes REST API *UnknownMQTT, CoAP, AMQP,STOMP

*UnknownYes (User Interface Integrator)

Ericsson Device Connection Platform (DCP) - MDM IoT Platform

Yes REST APILink Encryption (SSL/TSL),Authentication (SIM based)

CoAP *Unknown No

EVRYTHNG - IoT Smart Products Platform

No REST API Link Encryption (SSL)MQTT,CoAP,WebSockets

Real-time analytics (Rules Engine)

Yes (EVRYTHNG IoTDashboard)

IBM IoT Foundation Device Cloud

YesREST and Real-time APIs

Link Encryption ( TLS), Authentication (IBM Cloud SSO), Identity management (LDAP)

MQTT, HTTPSReal-time analytics (IBM IoT Real-Time Insights)

Yes (Web portal)

ParStream - IoT Analytics Platform***

No R, UDX API *Unknown MQTTReal-time analytics, Batch analytics (ParStream DB)

Yes (ParStreamManagement Console)

PLAT.ONE - end-to-end IoT and M2M application platform

Yes REST APILink Encryption (SSL), Identity Management (LDAP)

MQTT, SNMP *Unknown

Yes (Management Console for applicationenablement, data management, and device management)

ThingWorx - MDM IoT Platform

Yes REST APIStandards (ISO 27001), Identity Management (LDAP)

MQTT, AMQP, XMPP, CoAP, DDS, WebSockets

Predictive analytics(ThingWorx Machine Learning), Real-time analytics (ParStream DB)

Yes (ThingWorxSQUEAL)

Xively- PaaS enterprise IoT platform

No REST APILink Encryption (SSL/TSL)

HTTP, HTTPS, Sockets/ Websocket, MQTT

*UnknownYes (Management console)

Source: https://dzone.com/articles/iot-software-platform-comparison

125

IoT como habilitador de las Ciudades Inteligentes

• IoT allows for the pervasive interaction with/between the smart things leading to an effective integration of information into the digital world.

– Smart things - instrumented with sensing, actuation, and interaction capabilities - have the means to exchange information and influence the real world entities and other actors of a smart city eco-system in real time, forming a smart pervasive computing environment to achieve a more livable city

126

The need for Smart Cities

• Challenges cities face today:

– Growing population

• Traffic congestion

• Space – homes and public space

– Resource management (water and energy use)

– Global warming (carbon emissions)

– Tighter city budgets

– Aging infrastructure and population

127

Society Urbanisation & Ageing• Urban populations will grow by an estimated 2.3 billion over the

next 40 years, and as much as 70% of the world’s population will live in cities by 2050

[World Urbanization Prospects, United Nations, 2011]

• By 2060, 30% of European population will be 65 years or older[EUROSTAT. Demography report 2010. “Older, more numerous and diverse Europeans”, March 2011.]

128

What is a Smart City?

• Smart Cities improve the efficiency and quality of the services provided by governing entities and business and (are supposed to) increase citizens’ quality of life within a city

– This view can be achieved by leveraging:

• Available infrastructure such as Open Government Data and deployed sensor networks (IoT) in cities

• Citizens’ participation through apps in their smartphones

– Or go for big companies’ “smart city in a box” solutions

129

What is a Smart Sustainable City?

A smart sustainable city is an innovative city that uses information and communication technologies and other means to improve quality of life, efficiency of urban operation and services, and competitiveness, while ensuring that it meets the needs of present and future generations with respect to economic, social and environmental aspects

https://itunews.itu.int/en/5215-What-is-a-smart-sustainable-city.note.aspx

130

Smart Diamond of Smart Cities

131

Smart City Applications

• sadfafd

132

What is an Ambient Assisted City?

• A city aware of the special needs of ALL its citizens, particularly those with disabilities or about to lose their autonomy:

– Elderly people• The "Young Old" 65-74

• The "Old" 75-84

• The "Oldest-Old" 85+

– People with disabilities • Physical

• Sensory (visual, hearing)

• Intellectual

133

Age-friendly Smarter Cities

• The main attribute of a Smart City is efficiency

• An Age-friendly city is an inclusive and accessible urban environment that promotes active ageing

• The main attributes of an Ambient Assisted (Smarter) City are:

– Livable

– Accessible

– Healthy

– Inclusive

– Participative

[WHO Global Network of Age-friendly Cities]

134

Silver Economy

135

• Smart Cities seek the participation of citizens:

– To enrich the knowledge gathered about a citynot only with government-provided or networked sensors' provided data, but also with highly dynamic user-generated data

• BUT, how can we ensure that users and their generated data can be trusted and has enough quality?

– W3C has created the PROV Data Model, for provenance interchange

Citizen Participation

136

User-generated Data: Google Maps vs. Open Street Map

• OSM is an excellent cartographic product driven by user contributions

• Google Maps has progressed from mapping for the world to mapping from the world, where cartography is not the end product, but rather the necessary means for:

– Google’s autonomous car initiative, combine sensors, GPS and 3D maps for self-driving cars.

– Google’s Project Wing: a drone-based delivery systems to make use of a detailed 3D model of the world to quickly link supply to demand

• By connecting the geometrical content of its Google Maps databases to digital traces that it collects, Google can assign meaning to space, transforming it into place.

– Mapping by machines if not about “you are here”, but to understand who you are, where you should be heading, what you could be doing there!

137

CrowdSensing

• Individuals with sensing and computing devices collectively share data and extract information to measure and map phenomena of common interest

138

Personal Data• Defined as "any information

relating to an identified or identifiable natural person ("data subject")”

139

• There is a need to analyze the impact that citizens may have on improving, extending and enriching the data

– Quality of the provided data may vary from one citizen to another, not to mention the possibility of someone's interest in populating the system with fake data

• Duplication, miss-classification, mismatching and data enrichment issues

Problems associated to User-provided Data

140

Urban Intelligence / Analytics

• Broad Data aggregates data from heterogeneous sources:

– Open Government Data repositories and IoT deployments

– User-supplied data through social networks or apps

– Public private sector data or

– End-user private data

• Humongous potential on correlating and analysing Broad Data in the city context:

– Leverage digital traces left by citizens in their daily interactions with the city to gain insights about why, how and when they do things

– We can progress from Open City Data to Open Data Knowledge

• Energy saving, improve health monitoring, optimized transport system, filtering and recommendation of contents and services

141

Smarter Cities

• Smarter Cities cities that do not only manage their resources more efficiently but also are aware of the citizens’ needs.

– Human/city interactions leave digital traces that can be compiled into comprehensive pictures of human daily facets

– Analysis and discovery of the information behind the big amount of Broad Data captured on these smart cities deployment

Smarter Cities= Internet of Things + Broad Data + Citizen Participation through Smartphones + Urban Analytics

142

Data challenges of Smart Cities

• Data coverage and access (openness)

• Data integration and interoperability (data standards) –overcoming the silo and resistance to change

• Data quality and provenance: veracity (accuracy, fidelity), uncertainty, error, bias, reliability, calibration, lineage

• Quality, veracity and transparency of data analytics

• Data interpretation and management issues

• Paradigm shift towards data-driven decision making

• Security and privacy: stem data breaches and fraud

• Skills and organizational capabilities and capacities

143

Analytics in the Smart City: Data-driven decision making

144

Standardization in Smart Cities: Vocabularies and Indicators

• UNE 178301 rule developed by AENOR (Spanish Association of Normalization and Certification) establishes a set of requisites for the reuse of Open Data generated by Public Administrations in Smart Cities.

– http://www.aenor.es/aenor/actualidad/actualidad/noticias.asp?campo=1&codigo=35264#.VjmsffmrQU1

• ISO 37120:2014 indicators a) themes and b) energy example

145

From Open Data to Open Knowledge

146

Perspectivas de crecimiento de IoT: realidad o promesa

• Success stories in the following domains:

– Intelligent Waste Management

– Animals and Environment Monitoring

– Smart Grids: IoT and knowledge based control for energy efficiency

– Comprehensive system for agriculture intelligence

• Internet of Things Success Stories #1 to #3:

– https://www.smart-action.eu/publications/archive/2015/10/55099c948b1ac6826c142aa6fcd402e4/

147

IoT & Big Data

• IoT is also expected to generate large amounts of data from diverse locations, with the consequent necessity for quick aggregation of the data, and an increase in the need to index, store, and process such data more effectively

148

IoT & Big DataTe

ns

Hu

nd

red

s

Tho

usa

nd

s

Mill

ion

s B

illio

ns

Co

nn

ecti

on

s

Internet of Things

Machine-to-Machine

Isolated (autonomous, disconnected)

Monitored

Smart Systems

(Intelligence in Subnets of Things )

Telemetry

andTelematics

Smart Homes

Connected Cars

Intelligent Buildings

Intelligent Transport

Systems

Smart Meters and Grids

Smart Retailing

Smart Enterprise

Management

Remotely controlled

and managed

Building

automation

Manufacturing

Security

UtilitiesInternet of Things

Sensors

Devices

Systems

Things

Processes

People

Industries

Products

Services

Growth in connections generates

an unparalleled scale of data

Source: Machina Research 2014

149

From M2M to IoT towards Big Data

Data

Big data

Changing data models

Real-time Processing

Aggregation

Internet of Things

Large estates of devices

Evolving applications

All forms of data

Data streaming and processing

Pre-IoT (M2M)

Limited estate of devices

Single purpose applications

Structured / Semi-structured

Data transfers (sensors and actuators)

Source: Machina Research 2014

150

Data has changed

• 90% of the world’s data

was created in the last two

years

• 80% of enterprise data is

unstructured

• Unstructured data growing

2x faster than structured

151

Nature of Data in IoT

• Heterogeneity makes IoT devices hardly interoperable

• Data collected is multi-modal, diverse, voluminous and often supplied at high speed

• IoT data management imposes heavy challenges on information systems

152

¿Qué es Big Data?

• "Big Data are high-volume, high-velocity, and/or high-variety information assets that require new forms of processing to enable enhanced decision making, insight discovery and process optimization“ Gartner, 2012– El término “Big Data” se originó dentro de la comunidad open source,

donde hubo un esfuerzo por desarrollar procesos de análisis que fueran más rápidos y escalables que el data warehousing tradicional, y pudieran extraer valor de los inmensos volúmenes de datos no estructurados producidos a diario por usuarios web

• Es una oportunidad para encontrar percepciones en nuevos y tipos emergentes de datos y contenidos, para hacer a tu negocio más ágil, y para responder preguntas que fueron consideradas con anterioridad fuera de tu alcance.

153

Big Data Evolution

• Data explosion!!

– 48 hours of data from stock market ~ 5 TB

– Semi and non-structured data provided in real-time through social networks

– Google processes PB/hour

• Bioinformatics – huge datasets about genetics and drugs

• Money whitening / terrorist funding, Spatial Data

• 85% of Fortune 500 organizations are not able to process Big Data to gain competitive advantage – Gartner

• Currently more than 1.9 zettabytes of data are being produced

154

Necesidad de Big Data Analytics

• La percepción de los procesos de Data Warehousing es que son lentos y limitados en escalabilidad

• La necesidad de converger datos de varias fuentes, tanto estructuradas como no estructuradas

• Es crítico el acceso a la información para extraer valor de las fuentes de datos incluyendo dispositivos móviles, RFID, la web y otro largo listado de tecnologías sensoriales automatizadas.

155

Características de Big Data

156

Las 4 Vs de Big Data

157

IoT & Big Data• The more data that is created, the better understanding and

wisdom people can obtain

158

Types of Analytics (I)

159

Types of Analytics (II)

• Predictive analysis enables you to move from sense and respond to predict and act

160

Types of Analytics (III)

161

Types of Analytics (II)

162

How does Big Data Analytics work?

Source: Virtualisation and Validation of Smart City Data. Dr Sefki Kolozali. Dr Payam Barnaghi

163

Apache Hadoop

• Hadoop es una framework gratuita en Java para procesar grandes volúmenes de datos en un entorno de computación distribuido

– Hace posible la ejecución de aplicaciones sobre sistemas con miles de nodos que procesan miles de terabytes

– Su sistema de ficheros distribuido facilita la rápida transferencia de datos entro nodos y permite al sistema seguir operando ininterrumpidamente en caso de fallo de un nodo

– Inspirado por Google MapReduce, un modelo de computación donde una aplicación se divide en varias partes

• Cada una de esas partes (fragmentos o bloques) puede ser ejecutada en cualquier nodo de un clúster

– El ecositema actual de Apache Hadoop consiste de:

• Hadoop kernel, MapReduce, el sistema de ficheros distribuido de Hadoop (HDFS) y otros proyectos relacionados como Apache Hive, HBase and Zookeeper.

– Usado por los grandes agentes de la industria Google, Yahoo and IBM

164

Apache Spark

• Apache Spark provides programmers with an application programming interface centered on a data structure called the resilient distributed dataset (RDD), a read-only multiset of data items distributed over a cluster of machines, that is maintained in a fault-tolerant way.

– It was developed in response to limitations in the MapReduce cluster computing paradigm, which forces a particular linear dataflow structure on distributed programs

– Oriented to stream data processing allowing for CEP (Complex Event Processing)

165

Data Management Solutions in IoT (I)

ScalabilityHeterogeneity

Agility & Flexibility

inApplications, Devices

and Connectivity

ScalabilityFlexibilityAnalytics

Unified View

inData

M2M & IoT Application Platforms

Data Databases

SQL(Oracle, IBM, etc.)for structured data

Hybrid(SAP Hana, VoltDB, etc.)

for speed and heterogeneity

NoSQL(MongoDB, Cassandra, etc.)for agility and heterogeneity

Source: Machina Research 2014

166

Data Management Solutions in IoT (II)

167

Summary: IoT Benefits (I)

168

Summary: IoT Benefits (II)

169

IoT Benefits

170

Summary: Challenges of IoT (I)• Platform : form and design of the products (UI and UX) , analytics tools

used to deal with the massive data streaming from all products in a secure way , and scalability which means wide adoption of protocols like IPv6 in all vertical and horizontal markets .

• Connectivity: Connectivity includes all parts of the consumer’s day and night using wearables, smart cars, smart homes, and in the big scheme smart cities.

• Business Model: The bottom line is a big motivation for starting, investing in, and operating any business, without a sound and solid business models for IoT we will have another bubble , this model must satisfied all the requirements for all kinds of e-commerce; vertical markets, horizontal markets and consumer markets.

• Killer Applications: Three functions needed in any killer applications, control “things”, collect “data”, analyze “data”.

• Security: The IoT introduces unique physical security concerns implying that IoT privacy concerns are complex and not always readily evident.

171

Summary: Challenges of IoT (II)• Learn how to make money with it – make it

sustainable

– Finding meaningful use cases is key to success

– Visions are allowed, but first bills have to be paid

– New business models are key to making money with IoT

– Business models will have an impact on the architecture of solutions!

• IoT can be complex!

– Keep it simple by structured data models and good scale

– Keep it understandable for customers and consumers

172

Summary: Challenges of IoT (III)• Society: People, security, privacy

– A policy for people in the Internet of Things: Legislation

– Decisions – do not delegate too much of our decision making and freedom of choice to things and machines

– Privacy and Security will distinguish between success and failure

– Managing one’s own privacy will become a complex task – and needs to be kept simple

– Historical personal data availability – who will delete the data?

• Environmental aspects– Resource efficiency

– Pollution and disaster avoidance

173

Summary: Challenges of IoT (IV)• Technological

– Architecture (edge devices, servers, discovery services, security, etc.)

– Governance, naming, identity, interfaces

– Service openness, interoperability

– Connections of real and virtual world

– Standards

• Establishing a common set of standards

– The same type of cabling,

– The same applications or programming

– The same protocol or set of rules that will apply to all

• Energy sources for millions -even billions - of sensors

– Wind

– Solar,

– Hydro-electric

174

Conclusión

• Internet de las Cosas al Servicio de las Personas:

– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ge0q7jJuvbs

175

Conclusión

• Internet de las Cosas al Servicio de las Personas:

– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ge0q7jJuvbs

176

Internet de las Cosas: del Concepto a la Realidad

Bizkaia Enpresa Digitala, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia. Edificio Tecnalia, #204

27 de Octubre de 2016, 9:00-13:00

Dr. Diego López-de-Ipiña González-de-Artazadipina@deusto.es

http://paginaspersonales.deusto.es/dipinahttp://www.morelab.deusto.es

177

References• Internet of Things towards Ubiquitous and Mobile Computing

– http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/UM/redmond/events/asiafacsum2010/presentations/Guihai-Chen_Oct19.pdf

• 5 key questions to ask about the Internet of Things

– http://www.slideshare.net/DeloitteUS/5-questions-the-iot-internet-of-things

• Internet Connected Objects for Reconfigurable Eco-systems

– https://docbox.etsi.org/workshop/2012/201210_M2MWORKSHOP/zz_POSTERS/iCore.pdf

• Internet of Things and Big Data – Bosch, August 2015

– https://www.bosch-si.com/media/bosch_software_innovations/media_landingpages/connectedworld_1/bcw_2016/bcw_1/download_page_1/download_page/bcw16_mongodb_collateral_followup_sponsor.pdf

• The internet of things and big data: Unlocking the power

– http://www.zdnet.com/article/the-internet-of-things-and-big-data-unlocking-the-power/

178

References• Deconstructing the Internet of Things

– https://jenson.org/deconstructing-the-iot/

• Mobile in IoT Context ? Mobile Applications in "Industry 4.0“– http://www.slideshare.net/MobileTrendsConference/karol-kalisz-vitaliy-rudnytskiy-

mobile-in-iot-context-mobile-applications-in-industry-40

• Inside the Internet of Things (IoT) – A primer on the technologies building the IoT – Deloitte

– http://dupress.com/articles/iot-primer-iot-technologies-applications/

• Internet of Things (IoT) - We Are at the Tip of An Iceberg – Dr. MazlanAbbas

– http://www.slideshare.net/mazlan1/internet-of-things-iot-we-are-at-the-tip-of-an-iceberg

• Infographic: What are Beacons and What Do They Do?– https://kontakt.io/blog/infographic-beacons/

• iBeacon– https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBeacon

179

References

• ITU News – What is a smart sustainable city?, – https://itunews.itu.int/en/5215-What-is-a-smart-sustainable-

city.note.aspx

• Frost & Sullivan's Predictions for the Global Energy and Environment Market, – http://www.slideshare.net/FrostandSullivan/frost-sullivans-

predictions-for-the-global-energy-and-environment-market

• Fog Computing with VORTEX– http://www.slideshare.net/Angelo.Corsaro/20141210-fog

• What Exactly Is The "Internet of Things"? – A graphic primer behind the term & technologies– http://postscapes.com/what-exactly-is-the-internet-of-things-

infographic

180

References

• Innovating the Smart Cities, Syam Madanapalli | IEEE Smart Tech Workshop 2015, http://www.slideshare.net/smadanapalli/innovating-the-smart-cities

• Kitchin, R., Lauriault, T. and McArdle, G. (2015) Knowing and governing cities through urban indicators, city benchmarking and real-time dashboards. Regional Studies, Regional Science 2: 1-28, http://rsa.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21681376.2014.983149

• Towards Smart City: Making Government Data Work with Big Data Analysis, Charles Mok, 24 September 2015, http://www.slideshare.net/mok/towards-smart-city-making-government-data-work-with-big-data-analysis-53176591

• Mining in the Middle of the City: The needs of Big Data for Smart Cities, Dr. Antonio Jara, http://www.slideshare.net/IIG_HES/mining-in-the-middle-of-the-city-the-needs-of-big-data-for-smart-cities

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References• The Big 'Big Data' Question: Hadoop or Spark?

– http://www.datasciencecentral.com/profiles/blogs/the-big-big-data-question-hadoop-or-spark

• Hadoop vs. Spark: The New Age of Big Data

– http://www.datamation.com/data-center/hadoop-vs.-spark-the-new-age-of-big-data.html

• Comparing 11 IoT Development Platforms

– https://dzone.com/articles/iot-software-platform-comparison