astro lab1
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PHY2100 Laboratory 1
ASTEROIDS
– Are they a threat to Mankind?
June 30, 2008, was the 100th
anniversary of that ferocious
impact near the Podkamennaya
Tunguska River in remote i!eria
that "eft a region of scorched trees
a!out #0 ki"ometres $30 mi%
across& 'fter 100 years, scientists
are sti"" ta"king a!out it, sti""
uncertain what e(act"y happened&
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INTRODUCTION
Over )00,000 asteroids have been discovered since the irst !steroid – Ceres"#rono$nced %sear&rees'( )as o$nd by *i$se##e Pia++i on ,an$ary the 1 st 1-01.
!/tho$h ost asteroids orbit the $n bet)een 3ars and ,$#iter4 soe –c/assiied as Near 5arth Ob6ects "N5Os( – #ass c/ose to or even cross5arth7s orbita/ #ath aro$nd the $n.
The ca#abi/ity o 5arth based te/esco#es to detect these aint ovin ob6ectsin the niht s8y has increased draatica//y in the #ast co$#/e o decades "seechart be/o)(. Occasiona//y ne)/y discovered asteroids are o$nd 6$st beore4or ost oten ater c/osest a##roach to 5arth. $bse9$ent ca/c$/ationsenab/e $t$re enco$nters to be #redicted )e// into the $t$re.
*n Ju"y 1+th 200+ an amateur
astronomer in urrum!ateman
near -an!erra discovered a dark
spot in the atmosphere of Jupiter&
.mages taken !y the /u!!"e
pace Te"escope confirmed the presence what appears to !e an
asteroid or cometary impact
reminiscent of the hoemaker
evy + impact that occurred in
Ju"y, 1++)&
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o ar on/y one 5arth threatenin candidate has been deterined. Ca//ed !#o#his4 it )i// iss 5arth in 202: by on/y ;204000 8. b$t the ne<t enco$nter )ith 5arth in 20=> is not #redicted )ith ood acc$racy since the 5arth )i//have #ert$rb the orbit siniicant/y in the 202: enco$nter.
This /ab deonstrates the techni9$es that #roessiona/ astronoers $se todetect asteroids and deterine there orbits.
5<tensions to this sot)are are avai/ab/e that enab/e or aate$r astronoersto ana/yse there o)n te/esco#ic iaes.
Hoe)or8
?ind deinitions or the o//o)in astronoica/ ters and )rite a shorts$ary "one or t)o /ines(.
Universa/ Tie
Is tie eas$red at *reen)ich in 5n/and. It is a tie sca/e that is based$#on the rotation o the earth co#ared to distant ce/estia/ ob6ects.
!rc second
Is the an$/ar eas$reent that is 1@=>0 o a deree. It is $sed in astronoyto eas$re dec/ination4 or the an$/ar distance north or so$th o the ce/estia/e9$ator.
Riht !scension
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Is the ce/estia/ e9$iva/ent o /onit$de. It is coon/y e<#ressed in bothderees 4 ho$rs4 in$tes and seconds o tie. I.e. 1A derees o s8y rotationis e9$iva/ent to one ho$r o R!.
Dec/ination
Is the ce/estia/ s#here7s e9$iva/ent o /atit$de and it is e<#ressed in derees4as is /atit$de. ?or D5C B and – reer to the north and so$th4 res#ective/y. I.e.North #o/e is B:0 derees and so$th #o/e is &:0 derees D5C.
Para//a<
Is the chane in dis#/aceent o an ob6ect )hen vie)ed a/on t)o dierent/ines o siht. It is eas$red by the an/e or sei&an/e o inc/ination bet)eenthose t)o /ines.
!/bedo
Is the raction o so/ar enery "short)ave radiation( re/ected ro an ob6ectbac8 into s#ace. It is $sed as a eas$re o an ob6ects re/ectivity.
3anit$de
5ccentricity
Inc/ination
Periee
!#oee
Perihe/ion
!#he/ion
ei&a6or !<is
!#o//o !steroids
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LAB WORKThe co#$ter si$/ation sot)are needed to #eror these tas8s and the
instr$ctions or o#eratin it )i// be #rovided in the /ab.
P!RT !
In this section )e )i// –
1. Identiy an asteroid on severa/ CCD raes
2. Peror a Red$ction o Coordinates
=. Deterine Orbita/ #araeters
. Coniration the res$/ts )ith N!!s N5O site
P!RT
In this section )e )i// $se Para//a< to eas$re the distance to an asteroid
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