3- requerimientos de eficiencia de puertos para mercado marítimo_matthew. h.n. kim_corea del sur
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8/12/2019 3- Requerimientos de Eficiencia de Puertos Para Mercado Marítimo_Matthew. H.N. Kim_Corea Del Sur
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Port fficiency Requirement f
the Maritime Market
From Experience of the Port of Busan
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Contents
Maritime Market with Port ImplicationIntroduction of the Port of Busan
Container Handlings in the Port of Busa
Terminal Automation & Port ProductiviOperational Challenges and Measures T
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Maritime Marketwith Port Implications
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Container Trade in North-east Asia
• Northeast Asia : one of the most economically vibrant regioworld
- 22% of global GDP
- Annual growth rate : 6.4 % ( World Out Look of IMF)
•
Container throughput of Northeast Asia- 260 million TEU in 2013 → 349 million TEU in 2017 (42% of
Drewry Maritime Research)
• 8 out of 10 World Largest Container ports in the region (201
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Containership Growth in Size
• Containership Order book by Year and Delivery Year (,000
2013 2014 2015 2016 To
< 3,000 71 8 - -
3,000~5,900 254 10 - -
6,000~8,900 422 128 16 -
9,000~9,900 140 56 - -
10,000+ 616 363 123 90
Total 1,503 565 139 90
Drewry Shipping Consultant Ltd “Annual Container market Review and Forecast – 2011/12” 2
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Cascade Effect
•
Most larger container ships to be deployed on Asia-Europe t• 108 ships of 7,000-10,000-TEU capacity need to be cascade
trades by early 2015 or end of 2016 (Dekker, Drewy contain
- Asia-U.S West Coast and Asia-U.S East Coast via Suez routes
main receivers
- Additional increase in ship size in key North-South trades ex
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Formation of Mega-Alliances
• Operation of mega-ships with slow-steaming needs mega-al
• P 3 Network waiting for Chinese regulator’s approval
- Box trio’s mega vessel sharing agreement on the east-west
- 255 vessels of 2.6 M TEUs in 29 routes
- Coverage : Asia-Europe 42%, trans-Pacific 24 %, trans-Atlan
• G 6, CKYHE seek responding measures
• Shippers as well as ports concern about losing their leveragecarries.
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General Shift for Container Ships
TEU LOA (m) Beam (m)
Panamax : 1980’s 3,000∼4,500 294 32.0
Post Panamax : 1988~1995 4,000∼5,000 280∼305 41.1
5th generation : 1996∼2005 6,400∼8,000 300∼347 42.9
Super post-panamax : 1997∼ 8,000∼11,400 320∼380 43∼47
New-panamax : 2010 12,500 366 49.0
Maersk EEE Class 18,270 400 59.0
China Shipping / UASC 18,400 400 58.6
Source : Ocean Shipping Consultants (2012), Bigger Container ships-Port Implications, PLANC
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Challenges by Mega-ships
• Optimal Berth Utilization challenged
- Berth-window planning and high schedule accuracy becom
• Beam of 59m → Crane reaching 23 rows across on deck
• Deep drafts need to be taken into consideration
• 18K-TEU ship requires 8-10 CCs
- But, provides a win-win situation both for terminal and ca
• Big challenge to yard capacity by high volume of containers
• Supply chains need to adjust to big shipments
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Introduction ofthe Port of Busan
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View of Port of Busan
North
South Port
GamcheonPort
Dadaipon
Port
Busan New Port
25 km
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North Port & Busan New Port
The Old Port Busan New Port
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Largest Container Port in Korea
• Busan, a typical port-city, is the second largest city inwith a population of 4 millions.
- Assumes the tittle of ‘Ocean Capital of Korea’
• The Port of Busan handles 75% of nation´s containe
• World’s fifth ranked container port since 2004- 360 weekly services by 61 global carriers
- Connected to 500 ports of 100 countries
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Transshipments Hub in North-east Asia
Total Traffic A (,000 TEU) Transshipment B (,000 TEU) B/A
1999 6,439 1,632 2
2002 9,453 3,887 4
2005 11,840 5,176 4
2008 13,452 5,807 4
2010 14,194 6,276 4
2012 17,046 8,147 4
2013 17,686 8,748 5
• Transshipments at the Port of Busan
Source: Busan Port Authority
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Factors For Transshipment Hub
• Capacity to harbor VLCVs with 24/7 operational system
• Geographical positioning
- Located on the main trunk shipping route,
- Extensive feeder-network connecting 45 Chinese ports,
60 Japanese ports, 5 Russian ports etc.,
• Low comparative cost
• Less affected from bad weather (fog and storms)
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Container Handlingsin the Port of Busan
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Container T/put by PortTotal
(‘000 TEU)
Container Terminals (‘000 TEU, ) G
oBusan New Port North Port
1999 6,439 4,367
2002 9,452 6,775
2004 11,492 8,618
2006 12,048 238 9,038
2008 12,452 1,579 8,396
2010 14,193 5,485 7,999
2012 17,046 9,443 7,000
2013 17,686 10.963 6,125
Source : Busan Port Authority
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Container Terminals in North Port
Operator Opened Quay
Length(m)
Area
(‘000m2)
Water
Depth(-M)
Equipm
CC
Hutchison T. H. K 1978 1,447 624 15 14 (20 rows
Sinsundai T. K. E 1991 1,500 1,228 15-16 15 (22 rows 3, 20
Uam T. U. T 1996 500 182 11 5
Ganman T. SB ,
IG,HJS
1998 1,400 731 15 13 (22 rows
Singanman T. D.E 2002 826 296 15 7 (22 rows 3
Source: Busan Port Authority
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Container Handlings inBusan New Port
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Busan New Port
PNIPPNC
HJIN
HPNT
BNCT
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Terminals in Busan New Port
Developer
& Operator
Opened Quay
Length
Area
(‘000 m2)
Water
Depth
Equipment
CC
Phase 1 PNIT 2010 1,200 m 840 -16 m 11 (22 rows 9, 24 rows
Phase 1 PNC 2006 2,000 m 1,286 -17 m 19 (22 rows 16, 24 row
3)
Phase 2-1 HJNC 2009 1,100 m 688 -18 m 12 (24 rows )
Phase 2-2 HPNT 2010 1,150 m 553 -17 m 12 (24 rows )
Phase 2-3 BNCT 2012 1,400 m 785 -17 m 8 (24 rows )
Multi-
Purpose
BPA/SB 2010 700 m 73 -15 m HC 1
Source : Busan Port Authority
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Future Plan of Busan New Port
Developer Quay Length No. of Berth Rema
Phase 2-4 Private 1,100 m 3 Under Constr
Phase 2-5 BPA 700 m 2 Under Constr
Phase 2-6 etc,. BPA 4,000 m 17
Source : Busan Port Authority
• Removal of Todo- 24,000m2
- US$ 250 M
• Widen Excess Channel : 800 m~ 1,300m
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Development Plan of Busan New Po
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Terminal Automation
• Terminal automation indispensable to increase productivity
• Gate Automation System using Radio Frequency Idetificatio
all terminals
• Automated Stacking Cranes (ASC)
- ASC system was first tested in Sinsundai Termnal from 200
- Most terminals of Busan New Port chose ASC system
- Yard Tractor Pulling System also in use complementarily
• BNCT opened first vertically automated terminal in 2012
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Terminal Productivity
•
Competitive vessel turnaround time becomes critical• Shared Challenge of the terminal and the shipping line
• Berth Productivity : average moves per hour per birth while port (January-June 2013, JOC Port Productivity Data )
- The Port of Busan : 89.4 (5th highest port in the world)
- Hyundai Pusan Newport Terminal (Busan New Port) : 107 (
terminal in the world)
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Operational Challenges oPort of Busan
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Operational Challenges
• Reckless development of container handling capacity withou
to future demand : over-capacity dispute
• 13 container terminals competing with each other
- None of them generates enough business to make money
• Shuttle transport between North Port and Busan New Port
- 420,000 TEUs in 2013 (380,000 TEUs by road, 40,000 TEUs - Additional cost & traffic jam and air pollution by trucks
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Counter-Measures Taken
• Commenced ¨Redevelopment of General Quays (1~4) of No
- To be transformed into an environment-friendly water fron
• Supply of new terminals in line with new demand in the ma
• Encourages feeder vessels to call at both ports
- Exempts from port charges
• Subsidizes shipping lines on the shuttle cost between two p
• New road connecting two ports will be completed by 2014
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Revitalization of General Quays
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Distripark in Busan New Port
• Development Plan
- Northern Logistics Park, 1.7M m2, 2005~2010
- Southern Logistics Park, 1.4M m2, 2011~2015
- Northern Logistics Park, 3.6M m2, 2011~2020
• Main businesses : Assembling, Packaging, Storage, Stevedor
• Tex Exemptions & favorable lease conditions
• Currently 30 companies are under operation
- about 650,000 TEU and 1,800 jobs created
Bird’s eye
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Bird s-eyeView of Distripark Development Plan
N h L i i P k
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Northern Logistics ParkUnder Operation
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Building CooperativeRelationshipin the field of Ports
- Colombia and Korea -
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Building Cooperative Relationship
•Ports as the most essential social infrastructure- Shouldn´t be bottle-nects, but conduits in multimodal supply
• Takes long period of time and huge amount of capital to const
- Operational issues equally need to be addressed
•
Korea wants to share its experience with Colombia• Governmental MOU is under discussion between two countri
Builds Cooperative Relationship in the field of Sea Ports
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