acidificación oceánica - impacto sobre la salud ambiental

Acidificación Oceánica - impacto sobre la salud ambiental y soberanía alimentaria

Patricia Castillo – Briceñ[email protected]

Francisco [email protected]

Desafíos y oportunidades en las investigaciones sobre acidificación oceánica en Ecuador

Temperature

AcidificaciónLevel AcidificaciónAcidification


CO2CarbonDioxide

(atmospheric)

H+1

Hydrogenions

HCO3-1

BicarbonateionsCO2 + H2O

Carbon Waterdioxide

H2CO3Carbonic

acid


• Rising levels of atmospheric CO2 : from 278 400 ppm


?

Noone et al 2013


Current and predicted coastal impacts (a) and coastal dynamics (b) in response to climate change. WGIIAR5 del IPCC, 2015.

Coastal impacts Coastal dynamics

ENSO

Beach erosion


Mora et. al. 2013. PLOS Biol.

CLIMATE CHANGE


Equatorial zone

Tropical zone

Tropical zone

Polar zone

Temperate zone

Temperate zone

Polar zone

Equatorial Zone - Very stable environments- Organisms adapted to low variability

Zone estimation: High impact expected due to Ocean Acidification*

*Increasing international concern on the need to develop OA research in

this zone


Period

pH

(sea surface)

CO2

(atmospheric)

Acidification

of Oceans

IND

ICA

TO

RS

+30% +170%

Pre-Industrial

(1850-1890)

Actual

(2005-2014)

2100

(Proyection)

-0.1-0.4

278 ppm 380 ppm 1000 ppm


Contrasting futures for ocean and society from different anthropogenic CO2 emissions scenarios. Gattuso et al. Science 2015.


Pre-Industrial

Proyection 2100

Ocean Acidification (pH)

7.1 7.7 8.3


Ecuador

Fisheries

Aquaculture

Biodiversity

Tourism & other services


ImpactsAquaculture

FisheriesBiodiversity

Socio-Economic Socio-Ecological


Impacts of Ocean Acidification

on Biodiversity

Corals Pteropods


Impacts of Ocean

Acidification on

Biodiversity


Dickson, LAOCA workshop 2014

Impacts of Ocean Acidification on

Fisheries & Aquaculture

OA represents a 10 billion dollars (USD) lost for world fisheries by year.

This is directly impacting the economy of coastal areas, which will be 50% of the world population by 2050.

Hilmi et al 2015. IUCN.


- Alteration of larval development

- Impacts on growth rates

- Low reproduction rates

- Food web disruption

Ocean Acidification on species relevant for Fisheries & Aquaculture


Behavioral alterations on fishes

• On sensorial abilities (olfactory, visual, hearing)

• On learning and lateralization

• On prey-predator recognition system

High impact on ecological equilibrium


Images modified from Frommel et al. 2010, Nature

Physiological alterations on fishes

• Damage on tissues and organs (liver, kidney, pancreas, eyes, gut, etc.)

• Disruptions on systems functions

• Malformations and mortality increase

High impact on survival of populations and species

CO2


Crustaceans - shrimp

Pandalus borealis


PRINCIPAL AIM

To establish an integrative research program onocean acidification impacts on marine nativespecies, and to develop strategies to enhanceequatorial ecosystems resilience, in the context offood sovereignty & one-health.

SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH ON OCEAN ACIDIFICATION IN EQUATORIAL ECOSYSTEMS


Action lines of the research program (4)

1. Experiments under induced OA conditions(micro- and mesocosmos in lab, and in natural high acidity systems e.g submarine CO2 seeps in the Galapagos).


2. Monitoring, integrating and modelling oceanographic data (current and future scenarios, of coastal & marine areas in Equatorial –Tropical Zones)

pH – alkalinity – DIC – pCO2


3. Implement technologic platforms (to collaborate between academia, researchers, policy makers and productive sectors related to OA)

1. Scientists exchange2. Laboratories

collaboration3. Data sharing4. Knowledge diffusion


4. Socio-ecological valorization and management of OA effects (biodiversity, aquaculture and fisheries)

OUTREACH!


Generation of tools to assess OA- Indicator species for the zones- Biological parameters - Assessment for adaptation and mitigation

Behavioral status


EBIOAC – Ocean Acidification Mesocosm in Ecuador CONCIMAR-Ecuador 2017

1st Mesocosm for Ocean Acidification in

Ecuador

EBIOAC – Ocean Acidification Mesocosm in Ecuador CONCIMAR-Ecuador 2017

CO2

AIR

SOLENOID

VALVE

REGULATOR

pH

sensor

T°sensor

PM

module Apex

controller

LAN /

Internet

Computer

Accurancy

± 0.02 pH units


Cornwall and Hurd 2015, ICESjsm


0.0000

1.0000

2.0000

3.0000

4.0000

5.0000

6.0000

7.0000

8.0000

9.0000

10.0000

2nd week

rate

of

dry

wei

ght

loss

Time

Litopenaeus vannamei

pH 8.1 pH 7.2

b

c

a= non-significantly different to initial weight


0.0000

1.0000

2.0000

3.0000

4.0000

5.0000

6.0000

7.0000

8.0000

2nd week

rate

of

dry

wei

ght

loss

Time

Ucides occidentalis

pH 8.1 pH 7.2

c

d


0.0000

0.0020

0.0040

0.0060

0.0080

0.0100

0.0120

0.0140

0.0160

0.0180

0.0200

2nd week

rate

of

dry

wei

ght

loss

Time

Anadara tuberculosa

pH 8.1 pH 7.2

b

c


Estuarine species


pH 7.2 pH 8.1

Olivella spp.

Sandy beach species

Collaborations



2014 1st LAOCA Workshop

2015 LAOCA Network creation

2016 2nd LAOCA Workshop

2016 4th International Symposium on the Ocean in

a High-CO2 World

2016 Medium - Advanced Chemical Training

2017 1st LAOCA Symposium

2018 Decision makers meeting

2018 Medium - Advanced Biological Training

Climate Change and Ocean Acidification research is a full team work!


INT7019 Project "Supporting a Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network -towards Increased Involvement of Developing States"


Todd Martz Andrew Dickson Libby Jewett Kumiko Azetsu-Scott


Policy MakersEnvironment,

Renovable resources andScience autorities

AcademyUniversities

Research Institutes

SocietyUsers, Inhabitants &

Wide public

IndustryFisheries

Aquaculture productors

Knowledge &Evidences for

mitigation strategies


Biodiversity

Fisheries

Aquaculture

Lost of habitats

Food web alterations

Extintion of species

Physiological disruption

Changes on marine

communities & ecosystems

Ocean Acidification


Gracias!Thanks!Merci!

Lost of

habitats

Ocean

Acidification

Trophic

webs

alterations

Extintion of

species

Disruption of

organisms

physiology

Changes on

marine

communities and

ecosystems

Biodiversity

Fisheries

Aquaculture


Patricia Castillo–Briceno, [email protected]

[email protected]

acidificación oceánica - impacto sobre la salud ambiental

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