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Established in 1914

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pae? Zefe0g&D 18? 2014


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2/ The Myanmar Auxiliary Forces Act (Vol.II) ukd Oya'jzifhkyfodrf;vkdufonf/

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qdk&if NaCl&JUjyif;tm;rsm;wm aMumifhconcentration effect &Sdw,f/ aemufqHk; Oyrmuawmh nature ofelectrodeeJYconcentration effectawGay:rSm rlwnfNyD; productawGxGufr,f/Electrolysis productstay:rSm oufa&mufwJhtcsufawGudkTable (2)rSm azmfjyxm;ygw,f/

Chapter (5) Oxidation and Reductiontcef;rSmawmh oxidationeJYreduction awG&JU t"dym,fudkIaxmifhtrsKd;rsKd;rS zGifhqdkowfrSwfEdkifygw,f/ j'yfpifawG? j'yfaygif;awGeJY ionsawGrSm&SdwJhelementawG&JUOxidation no.wGufyHkwGufenf;udkavhusifhxm;&ygr,f/Oxidation no.a&;&ifocsFm*Pef;&JUa&SUrSm (+)(-)vuPmxnfhNyD;azmfjy&ygr,f/ IonawG&JUchargeudka&;&ifocsFm*Pef;&JUaemufrSm vuPmxnfh&r,f/

Oxidizing agent("mwfwdk;apaomypnf;)eJYreducing agent("mwfavQmhapaomypnf;) jcm;em;csufawGuawmhawGudkvufcHwJhypnf;[m Oxidizing agentjzpfNyD; xkwfay;wJhypnf;u reducing agentjzpfw,f/wjcm;ypnf;rsm;udk "mwfwdk;apNyD; udk,fwdkif"mwfavQmh&if Oxidizing agent jzpfw,f (Oyrm-14)/

wjcm;ypnf;rsm;udk"mwfavQmhapNyD; udk,fwdkif"mwfwdk;&ifreducing agent

jzpfw,fqdkwm odxm;oifhw,f/Redox reaction awGrSmreducing agent &Sd awGuoxidizing agentqDul;ajymif;oGm;wmudkoabmaygufem;vnf&r,f/

Chapter (4) Electrolysistcef;rSm awGUcJh&wJhElectrolytic processawGrSm Redox reactionawGyg0ifaew,f/ "mwfzdk ion (cation) awGucathode ("mwfrwdkif)rSm "mwfavQmhjcif; jzpfay:MuNyD;awmh"mwfr ion (anion)awGu anode("mwfzdkwdkif)rSm "mwfwdk;jcif;jzpfw,fqdkwm &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;odxm;rSelectrodeawGay:rSmjzpfay:wJhhalf-reactionawGudkrSefrSefuefuefa&;Edkifygr,f/

"mwfwdk;"mwfavQmhnDrQjcif;nd&mrSm ndyHk(2)rsKd; oxidation number methodeJYhalf-reaction method&Sdygw,f/ ar;cGef;rSm b,fenf;eJYar;ar;? tqifhqifhajzqdkEdkifatmifavhusifhxm;zdkYvdkygw,f/ oxidationno.eJYajzr,fqdk&ifay;xm;wJhnDrQjcif;rSmygwJh"mwfwdk;"mwfavQmhjzpfwJhelement(odkU) ionrsm;tay:rSmelement/atomwpfvHk;&JU oxidation no.udkazmfjy&jcif;? a&;ay;&jcif;? transferta&twGuf(oxidationjzpfwJhatomtwGuf qHk;IH;rIeJYreductionjzpfwJhatomu &&SdrI)awGudk rSefrSefuefuefa&;ay;&ygr,f/ cJwHeJYra&;rdzdkYvnf; owdjyK&ygr,f/

Half-reaction methodqdk&ifawmhoxidationeJYreductionjzpfwJhhalf-reactionESpfaMumif;cGJa&;jyD;tqifhqifhrSefuefpGm ajzqdkay;&ygr,f/

Chapter (6) Rates of Reactions and Equilibriatcef;rSmawmh"mwfjyKEIef;eJY"mwfjyKrQajcqdkif&mtMumif;t&mawGygygw,f/ "mwfjyKEIef;qdkwm tcsdefwpf,lepftwGif; "mwfjyKypnf; (odkU) "mwfjzpfypnf;

rsm;&JUajymif;vJjcif;jzpfw,f/ "mwfjyKEIef;aES;&iftcsdefMumjyD; "mwfjyKEIef;jref&if tcsdefwdkygw,f/ 'gaMumifh"mwfjyKEIef;[m tcsdefeJYajymif;jyeftcsKd;usw,f/ vHkavmufwJhpGrf;tifeJY"mwfjyKjcif;jzpfapr,fhoifhavsmfwJhtaetxm;rSm "mwfjyKypnf;rsm; tcsif;csif; xdwdkufrItMudrfrsm;avav "mwfjyKEIef;jrefavavjzpfw,f/

"mwfjyKjcif;wpfck&JUjrefjcif;? aES;jcif;tay: oufa&mufwJhtcsuf(6)csuf&Sdw,f/ "mwfjyKypnf;rsm;&JUyg0ifudef;? zdtm;? tylcsdef? "mwfulypnf;rsm;? a&mifjcnfeJY"mwfjyKypnf;rsm;&JU rsufESmjyif{&d,mwdkYjzpfw,f/

1g of Mg ribbon eJY0.5 M HClwdkY&JU "mwfjyKEIef;[m1 g of Mg ribboneJY1 M HCl wdkY"mwfjyKEIef;xuf aES;wmudkawGU&w,f/ tJ'g[meffect of concentration of reactantsjzpfw,f/ HCl &JU yg0ifudef;udkwlatmifxm;NyD;Mgudkribbontpm;powderoHk;&if"mwfjyKEIef;jrefwm awGU&ygr,f/ 'gu effectof surface area of reactantsjzpfygw,f/

Effect of pressureuawmh"mwfjyKjcif;wpfckxJrSm "mwfaiGUrsm;eJYom oufqdkifw,f/ Solids, liquidseJUaqueous solutionsrsm;yg0ifcJh&ifzdtm;oufa&mufrIr&SdEdkifyg/ oHpav;awG[m oxygen 20% omygwJhavxJrSm ajz;nif;pGmavmifuRrf;NyD;pure oxygen rSmawmhrD;yGm;rsm;xGufNyD; jyif;xefpGmavmifuRrf;wmudkawGU&ygw,f/ oxygenyg0ifrIrsm;avav ,if;"mwfaiGU&JU zdtm;vnf;rsm;avavjzpfNyD; "mwfjyKEIef;vnf;

jrefvmw,f/Effect of temperaturerSmawmh"mwfjyKjcif;rsm;[m edrfhwJhtylcsdefxufjrifhwJhtylcsdefrSm vsifjrefpGm"mwfjyKEdkifMuw,f/ 'gaMumifha&cJaowmxJrSm odrf;qnf;xm;wJhtpm;tpmawG[m tcef;tylcsdefrSm xm;wJh tpm;tpmawGxufykyfodk;ysufpD;rIaES;wmudkawGUEdkifygw,f/ tylcsdef10HC jrifhvm&if"mwfjyKEIef;[m2q ydkjrefvmw,fvdkUqdkygw,f/

Effect of catalystsrSm positive catalystseJU negative catalysts(2)rsKd;&Sdw,f/ H2O

2udk MnO

2

tay:wpfpufcsif;csvdkufHkeJYa&eJYatmufqD*siftjzpftjrefqHk;NydKuGJoGm;EdkifvdkYMnO2[mpositive catalyst

jzpfw,f/ 'gayr,fhglycerineuawmhH2O

2NydKuGJEIef;udkaES;apvdkYnegative catalyst jzpfw,f/

En

18.jan_.14_mal

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